2017-10-10 LEAP Laboratory, projects & experimental ... · • UNI EN ISO 9001:2008 Certification for Quality Management • ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accreditation for the general requirements

Politecnico di Milano – Piacenza Campus – October 10th, 2017

BIOMASS AND AIR QUALITYSmall-scale biomass combustion in the domestic sector: state of the art,

results of recent research projects and future challenges

LEAP LaboratoryProjects & Experimental Activities

Stefano Signorini

LEAP projects & activities – Piacenza Campus, October 10th, 20172

LEAP: the ConsortiumLEAP stands for Laboratorio Energia Ambiente Piacenza (Laboratory forEnergy and the Environment – Piacenza). LEAP is a limited liabilityconsortium founded in Piacenza in May 2005 to accomplish a project of thePiacenza campus of Politecnico di Milano.

The members of the consortium are:

• Politecnico di Milano – 4 Departments• Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore• Municipality of Piacenza• Fondazione di Piacenza e Vigevano• Piacenza Chamber of Commerce• A2A SpA• Iren Ambiente SpA• Antas Srl• Unical AG SpA


LEAP: Work GroupLEAP work group composed by 20 collaborators• Director• 4 stable researchers• 8 temporary researchers• 4 PhD students• 3 employees (2 permanent)LEAP staff also includes• 12 permanently collaborating Politecnico di Milano

Professors• 6 permanently collaborating Politecnico di Milano

Researchers and TechniciansLEAP from 2005 hosted more than• 40 apprentices and master studentsAccreditations, Certifications, Affiliations• UNI EN ISO 9001:2008 Certification for Quality

Management• ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accreditation for the general

requirements for the competence of testinglaboratories

• Emilia Romagna region HTN-High Technology Network Accreditation as for DGR 762/2014

• LEAP and MUSP constitute Piacenza Technopole


LEAP activitiesResearch main lines:1. material and energy recovery from waste, residues and biomass2. high efficiency thermal energy generation3. thermohydraulics for innovative nuclear power plants4. fossil fuel technologies and CO2 capture and conversion5. renewable energies and energy efficiency6. gaseous emissions, fine particles and air quality

Consulting and technical services:1. modeling and simulations of advanced energy systems2. on-site experimental activities: temperature measurements in the

combustion chamber of WTE plants and industrial boilers through suctionpyrometers, ultrafine particles and nanoparticles samplings both inconveyed flows and in atmosphere, measurements of the main pollutantsfrom combustion in conveyed flows

Experimental Laboratories:1. heat_box: test bench for the assessment of boiler performances up to

100 kW of thermal power2. CO2_box: test rig for the assessment of the thermodynamic properties

of CO2 based mixtures4


Testing and development of innovative solutions in the field of residential heatgeneration appliances.Experimental activities in testing laboratory heat_box to evaluate efficiency andemissions performances of solid fuels (biomass) fired boilers/stoves with thermalpower up to 100 kW in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard (accreditationn.1255).

2. High efficiency thermal energy generation

Accredited tests and reference standards:• heat output (EN 303-5, EN 14785)• efficiency (EN 303-5, EN 14785)• oxygen (EN 303-5, EN 14789)• carbon dioxide (EN 303-5, ISO 12039)• carbon monoxide (EN 303-5, EN 15058)• nitrogen oxides (EN 303-5, EN 14792)• total hydrocarbons (EN 303-5, EN 12619)• dust content (EN 303-5, EN 13284-1)

Other performed tests:• methane and non-methane hydrocarbons• ultrafine particles and nanoparticles

(number and mass concentrations)• sulfur oxides• micropollutants (dioxins, furans, …)


The research line, developed with the useful contribution of DICA of Politecnico diMilano, is devoted to air pollution:• campaigns for air quality monitoring and sampling in duct flows emissions fromstationary installations• processing, analysis and interpretation of data on air quality• evaluation of the flue gas treatment systems

6. Gaseous emissions, fine particles and air quality


Obiettivi dell’indagine

UFP emissions from combustion plantsStudy commissioned by Federambiente (2007-2009)Target: Quantification of ultrafine particle (UFP, dp<100nm) and nanoparticleemissions (NP, dp<50 nm) from stationary combustion processes:- Residential heating systems fed with fossil fuels (oil and natural gas) and

biomass (pellet)- Waste-To-Energy plants fed with urban solid wasteWork group:- LEAP: coordinator- Politecnico di Milano (DICA Environmental Section): heating systems and fuels

selection, test cycle determination, experimental activities at INNOVHUBlaboratories and data processing

- Innovhub-SSI (Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili, Fuels ExperimentalStation): experimental tests with stack samplings


Published report and scientific articles:

Final report, October 2010

Ozgen et al. (2012),Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol,11:407-415

Ozgen et al. (2013),Biomass and Bioenergy,50:65-74

UFP emissions from combustion plants


Study commissioned by Ministry of the Environment with the collaboration of ENEA (2010-2012)Target: experimental emission factors determination of residential heatingappliances fed with wooden biomass, manually and automatically stoked,widespread in Italy, tested with realistic combustion cycles.Work Group:– ENEA: coordinator– Innovhub-SSI (Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili, Fuels ExperimentalStation): experimental tests with stack samplings– Politecnico di Milano (DICA Environmental Section): heating systems and fuelsselection, test cycle determination, experimental activities at INNOVHUBlaboratories, data processing and EF calculation– ARPA Lombardia: test cycle determination

EFs determination of residential heating systems

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- 6 combustion technologies- 5 wood species and 2 pellet

quality- about 300 emission factors

(EF) calculated- experimental EF determined

under real-use conditions of the appliances

- experimental EF under load cycles proposed by EN standards

- comparison with european guide lines (EMEP, 2013)

Evaluation of the dependence of experimental EF by different parameters:- type of the appliances- wood logs species- pellet quality- combustion cycle- PM sampling conditions (with/without dilution, cooling/hot)



Published scientific articles:

Ozgen et al. (2014),Atmospheric Environment,94:144-153

Caserini et al. (2014),Ingegneria dell’Ambiente,

Vol. 1, n.1/2014



Work group:– Università degli studi di Milano (Pharmacology

and Biomolecular Sciences Dep.): coordinatorand toxicological analysis;

– LEAP: experimental tests with stack samplings;– Politecnico di Milano (DICA Environmental

Section): heating systems and fuels selection,test cycle determination, experimental activitiesat LEAP laboratory and data processing;

– Università degli studi di Milano (Chemical Dep.):quantification of ionic and carbonaceousfractions analysis and data processing;

– Università degli studi di Milano (Physics Dep.):chemical composition analysis, ambient airsampling and data processing;

– Università degli studi di Firenze (Chemical Dep.):chemical composition analysis.

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TOxicity of BIomass Combustion generated Ultrafine Particles: Grant 2013-1040 of Cariplo Foundation (2014-2015)Target: Physical and chemical characterization of UFP particles generated bybiomass combustion, determination the response of UFPs in terms of toxicity.

ToBiCUP project

Experimental activities at LEAP:


Published scientific articles:

Ozgen et al. (2016),Atmospheric Environment,

150:87-97

Corsini et al. (2017),Science of the Total Environment,587-588:223-231

ToBiCUP project


LEAP Contacts

LEAP s.c.a r.l.Laboratorio Energia e Ambiente Piacenza

Via Nino Bixio, 27/C – 29121 Piacenza (PC) - Italy

Phone: +39 0523-579774/356879E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.leap.polimi.it/

Documents

2017-10-10 LEAP Laboratory, projects & experimental ... · • UNI EN ISO 9001:2008 Certification for Quality Management • ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Accreditation for the general requirements