PACIBER’s 28th Annual Meeting returned to the Big Island of Hawaii, attended by professors and deans from a dozen business schools representing the Philippines, New Zealand, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Canada, and the United States. The meeting theme was broken down into two sessions, The Changing Global Economy and the Changing Landscape of Management Education and Decision-Making Skills, supported by paper and research presentations. Members provided updates on their respective schools. A major thrust of the meeting was validating and positioning the future of PACIBER, which was determined to be a focus on industry, through tighter linkages and re-establishing board representation, meeting participation, and collaborative projects with industry. The meeting included a field trip with star gazing at the University of Hawaii’s Mauna Kea Observatory Visitor Center.

The Changing Global Economy – Regional Development Gerardo Ungson (SFSU), Moderator Simon Greathead, Brigham Young University: Developments in the European Union The EU issue is bigger than BREXIT. What is the appropriate role for the EU? How does it sell itself? What is its value proposition for British citizens?

A recent poll taken in France indicates that 61% of those polled would also vote for a French exit from the EU. BYU has introduced IB class debate on Brexit. Eighty per cent of students voted to leave. Questions raised included:

• What is the appropriate role of the EU given the pragmatic nature of the sovereign nation?

• What is the value proposition of the EU to the average citizen in Great Britain?

Brexit poses a chance to revise the EU but issues remain: • Budget – Britain gives 13B pounds and gets

about 4.5B back for infrastructure. Why should Brits fund the EU?

• Immigration, safety and security issues created

• Economic rationale – free trade is taken for granted even without the EU

• Identity not European, but national (British). Discussion: In the discussion that followed, many members, and voiced by Dean Horvath, think Brexit will be bad for Britain. On the global economy, he cites several points:

• We have seen many “Black Swan” unusual events. The global financial crisis demonstrated how integrated economies were; globalization has led to a rise in GDP worldwide, even in Africa.

• The US version of short-term capitalism doesn’t work. It created the 2008 crisis.

• The stakeholder model was developed in the US under Roosevelt, and spread to Canada, Europe, Sweden; and the rise of Rhine Capitalism.

• Measuring prosperity must include quality of

life, not just GDP and productivity, as mentioned in an Economist article. Dean Horvath reminded everyone about a forthcoming new book, “Capitalism Re-imagined” by Schulich School and McKinsey.

Further discussion ensued on how management education can adapt to swift technology advances, dramatic world transformations, disruptions and challenges: the drop in oil prices; the downturn in China’s growth; the euro debt crisis; Russian military aggression in the Baltics; immigration and refugee crises; border issues; dramatic swings in currency; technology’s impact on the financial sector; rise of disruptive players such as AirBnB and Uber; etc. Dean Dezsö Horváth, York University: North America-Canada Canadian growth remained high until 2015. Then came the Chinese economic slowdown and the Canadian economy and currency dropped. The conservative government made mistakes and was unpopular, thus former Prime Minister Steven Harper was voted out of office. He was replaced by a very popular Justin Trudeau who led the liberal party to victory. He is the son of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and many liken him to former US Pres. John Kennedy. Canada is taking more refugees, and has a positive outlook. The new Canadian government is investing in infrastructure spending. The young Trudeau has made himself open to the press and has an inclusive cabinet. Manuel G. Serapio, University of Colorado, Denver: North America-United States The US economy is like the best house in a globally troubled neighborhood. Unemployment is less than 5%, but many are still underemployed. Over 280,000 jobs were created. Critics say that the large monetary infusion should have been more beneficial to those outside Wall Street. However, there are still lots of contentious issues: gun violence, pressure for the US to look inward. What is the “new normal” and will it be sustainable?

Christina Stringer, University of Auckland: Oceania-New Zealand (refer to PPT). All PDF and PPT files are located on the conference Google Drive. For access, please contact Paciber@hawaii.edu)

There was a new proposal to change the country’s flag but the public voted to stay with the current one. In 2015, New Zealand took up its seat as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. There is a housing crisis in Auckland. The global dairy supply is too high thus negatively impacting New Zealand farmers. The EU and England are still strong trade partners. Canada and Asia are key sources of inward FDI. Many view the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP) as too controversial. While the U.S. is the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment in real estate, the Chinese started developing key infrastructure investments. New Zealand was considered Great Britain’s farm but they have lost that distinction to the EU. They are closely monitoring BREXIT to see how that would impact relations between UK and New Zealand. Australia, on the other hand, just had elections and the results are still too close to call. Post meeting update: Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s coalition government retained power by a slightest of margins over the Labour Party, requiring the coalition to work with independents on legislation. There has been significant turnover in the Prime Minister’s office every four years. The overarching concerns center on economic growth, immigrants, employment, health insurance and same sex marriage. David Hudgens, University of South Carolina: China (refer to PPT) There are currently six megatrends that describe China:

• Urbanization of a billion people • A huge manufacturing powerhouse (leads to

environmental issues) • Rising middle class consumer (presents

educational opportunities) • Availability of plenty of money • Increasing brainpower

• The rise of the Chinese internet, i.e.,

information, e-commerce growth What will China be like in five years? There is a focus right now on anti-corruption but people are asking whether or not this will lead to instability. Many are considering whether increased centralization will promote stability. Gerardo Ungson, San Francisco State University: ASEAN (refer to PPT) ASEAN integration has had some successes but many challenges remain. In business, there is a fear of competition. Each country still needs to do a lot of work at the national level. The private sector, i.e., companies, are hanging back, taking a wait-and-see attitude. Due to economies of scale, some industries will do better than others. Very few firms are truly multinational so they would need to become regionally competitive. The Philippines is in relatively good shape. However, the recent elections could impact hard-won progress. Rochelle A. McArthur, University of Hawaii: Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand There is a prevailing mood of uncertainly in the region. This is mainly due to several factors: (a) China — its activities in the South China Sea and its declaration that it will not honor The Hague’s decision not to recognize its sovereignty over the disputed areas with the Philippines. (b) ASEAN Integration – The countries are not sure what this entails and most are wary of the impact on labor, immigration, education, health, etc. Most countries are not prepared for the full implementation. (c) Everyone is waiting for the impact of BREXIT and the U.S. elections. In the Philippines, the uncertainty is also the result of the recent elections that saw former Davao mayor, Rodrigo Duterte, become the country’s incoming president. As the first president to come from Mindanao, he is an unknown quantity albeit best known for extra-judicial killings. He has already made moves to run the country, not from Manila but from Davao. He states that for far too long, the government’s focus and services has been on “imperial Manila” and he plans to change that. He has announced that many in his cabinet will come from the ‘left,” that he will have former Pres. Gloria M. Arroyo

released and will allow former Pres. and dictator, Ferdinand Marcos, to be buried in the National Heroes Cemetery. Already, strong opposition has risen to counter the latter move. Pres. Duterte also announced that he will convene a constitutional convention within two years to try to move the country towards a federal government system. He states that the government’s focus will be on three issues: (1) law and order (anti-corruption and anti-drugs), (2) infrastructure, and (3) social services. As to the ongoing issue with China, Pres. Duterte stated that he prefers to engage in bilateral negotiations. He is committed to passing the Freedom of Information Act. Experts forecast a further weakening of the peso to P48 versus the US dollar and predict a lower GDP growth to around 6% for 2016-2017. For Southeast Asia in general, there appears to be a prevalent mood of uncertainty. A major reason for this is China’s continued efforts at establishing ownership of contested islands in the South China Sea. In the Philippines, this mood of uncertainty is also based on the relative novelty of having a new president who is really an unknown entity. In Thailand, aside from the tourism sector that continues to do well, the economy seems to be at a standstill. Thailand’s instability and uncertainty is the result of the coup that overthrew then PM Singluck Shinawatra and installed a military junta. In most parts of the country outside Bangkok, people say that it does not really affect them too much on who is running the government because things remain the same for them. The real apprehension focuses on who will succeed King Bhumibol who is both very ill and very old. The generals appear to favor the crown prince, Vijalongkorn, although the majority of the people appear to prefer his younger sister, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, to succeed their father. Post meeting update: King Bhumibol passed away on October 13, 2016. In Malaysia, questions abound regarding the role of the current Prime Minister Najib Razak in the 1MDB money-laundering scandal and the Malaysian national investment bank. A U.S. civil suit seeks more than $1 Billion in assets allegedly siphoned from the state fund. However, because his allies are in major government positions, the

PM remains immune to calls for investigations or moves to have him step down. The PM’s office has moved quickly to deflect criticism while UMNO, the heavily-Malay political party aligned with him, has closed ranks around him. On the eve of ASEAN integration, Indonesia, the fourth largest (in population) country in the world, is beset with problems in all sectors. People are complaining that Pres. Joko Widodo is not moving fast enough to address the country’s problems. He is trying to appease his allies and the all-powerful military by appointing a conservative though controversial general to be his new police chief. The education system is in total disarray so experts say that the lack of a skilled labor force will hit crisis levels in 2020. The brain drain continues because the sons and daughters of rich families send their children abroad for their education. These educated Indonesians rarely return home. This is compounded by the apparent low quality of education at all levels in Indonesia. The government of Pres. Joko has announced a major policy thrust—a focus on vocational training by establishing 500 community colleges patterned after the American community college system. Hopefully, such a move will address labor’s critical need for workers. They hope to have these community colleges in place by 2020. (This presents huge opportunities for U.S. universities and faculty). Sara A. Wong (ESPOL): Ecuador (refer to PPT) Other than the Andean Community customs union comprised of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, Ecuador has fallen behind its neighboring countries in establishing free trade agreements. This is reflected in Ecuador’s low ranking in the competitiveness of its cities, as defined by job creation and increased productivity and incomes. Role model competitive cities include: 1 Saltillo (Mexico), 2 & 3 Meknes and Tangier (Morocco), 4 Coimbatore (India), 5 Gaziantep (Turkey), and 6 Bucaramanga (Colombia). Ecuador is committed to the United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which addresses the root causes of poverty and the universal need for development that works for all people. The goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable

development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. ESPOL is integrating sustainability into its management education programs. Armando Borda (ESAN): Peru The region has turned to the right. Argentina and Brazil now have free market reforms and as expected, China is a very large trading partner. However, there are still concerns about corruption and income inequality. In any discussion about development, it’s important to include what is happening to people instead of just focusing on GDP. Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez (EAFIT): Colombia There are several big issues that the country is dealing with:

• Corruption • Role of women • Zika virus • Weak public finance The U.S. and North American are big export markets so the results of the U.S. elections really matter. However, there is a forecast for a big increase in trade with China. As for BREXIT, the impact for Colombia has been an increase in inflation. The government has finally reached a settlement with the FARC guerrillas. The economy seems to be moving towards the service industry. Discussion: Victoria Krivogorsky (San Diego State) initiated discussions by emphasizing that the EU needs to define its role. They don’t have enforcement mechanisms. Secondly, the shareholder model is consistent with human motives, i.e., “stockholders” vs. “stakeholders.” We study the “prisoners dilemma” in school. This is where the stakeholder model breaks down; game theory is not going to work either. The U.S. still has 65% of the world’s capital markets; equity markets are still strong in the country because its fits the culture. The UK will still do well despite BREXIT because they have specialized in financial services and

that kind of expertise takes many years to develop. Currently, the EU’s biggest problem is Greece. They are trying to be fair but they just cannot ignore what is happening with the Greek economy. There are other countries in the EU that continue to get bailed out by the EU—Portugal, for example. Income inequality and problems resulting from the financial crisis of 2007-2008 have paralyzed the US system. The Changing Landscape of Management Education and Decision-Making Skills Mark Ballam (San Diego State), Moderator Victoria Krivogorsky (SDSU): New Challenges and New Opportunities in International Education and Pedagogy vis-à-vis Evolving Global Economic Landscape We are trying to teach students to apply information technology to future decision making. There is a convergence of laws and business systems. Institutions converge but cultures do not change as much; culture is critical to management decision-making because it impacts the outcome. An example is Victoria’s joint course (SDSU students and Berlin students). Even though the legal systems in both countries might be similar, the willingness to file lawsuit differs. The major take-away from this class is besides the rules, it’s the experiential and cultural elements integrated in the classes. As for pedagogy, learn to use the diversity of students in the classroom. Mix up the students in groups. They normally do not like this because the tendency is to cluster around students like yourself. But it is really a good learning experience for students to learn to work with diverse groups. Once you have the groups formed, you can use technology to communicate. Many companies, big and small, are now engaged in international business, not just multinationals. The problem is that oftentimes, the small companies do not have the training that large companies do. SDSU is constantly asked for students who know about IB. There is a cost/benefit of becoming international and

individuals and companies have to be willing to pay the price for making these adjustments. David Hudgens (University of South Carolina): International Business Education in the United States (refer to PPT) Foreign language is important. David works with 18-22 year old undergraduates. They need and are being presented with experiential opportunities that replicate IB settings and adaptations in an IB setting - create tensions; globalization and localization are not opposites; and the world is a multi-polar world. Such experiences prepare students to take on real challenges in the job when they are 28-32 year-old. USC started the undergraduate cohort program in 2009 where 80 USC students were placed at partner schools. The experiment required the students to spend their first year at USC, year two at Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), year three at USC, and conclude their final year at CUHK. They now have similar programs in Paris, Chile, and Mannheim. All the students are IB double majors. While they are learning the technical business skills, they are also sharpening their language and cultural fluency. Marcia Annisette (York): Impact of Experiential Learning in Management Education Business schools have to focus more on experiential learning. What is really our value proposition to our students? We know that technical knowledge and competencies are not enough. There are soft skills and other intangibles that are key. By not teaching this in the schools, companies like Deloitte and Microsoft had to create their own universities. If we are going to include experiential learning in our curriculum, how can we make sure that we get it right, that we teach it correctly? One could utilize simulations, field trips, case studies, capstone project, exchanges abroad, overseas internships, etc. However, the real learning happens when the student reflects on her/his experiences across various learning environments. One continues to do this through more and deeper experiences and by continuously reflecting on those experiences through personal journals, discussions and

presentations. Finally, one needs assessments and evaluation measures to determine the efficacy of process or program. During the discussion, Alejandra referenced a “handbook of international experiential learning” that could be utilized. Sara A. Wong (ESPOL): (refer to PPT) The Harvard Business School conducted a survey that yielded the following lessons:

• Need to reconcile needs of local and global • Growing demand for entrepreneurship • Emphasis on medium and small enterprises • More networking, especially in countries

where institutions are weak It is important we teach skills that focus on execution, implementation and teamwork. As a developing country, it is critical to maintain regional and global alliances. We have not only to integrate the university with the community but also learn to collaborate with our colleagues from other disciplines. Is it possible to integrate all courses? Can we also integrate sustainability as part of our curriculum? Can we emulate the Erasmus Master’s degree or the University. of Pittsburgh MBA. Universities already have graduate degrees in sustainability. Dezso Horvath (York): The Changing Landscape of Higher Education in Management Toronto is a very diverse community and many of York’s students speak a foreign language. The MBA market is saturated and there is a 40% decline in enrollment and noticeably, more segmentation. We have found that the required two years’ experience before going on an MBA program does not work for most women. Also, some students do not want to wait two years to get a graduate degree. Thus, other schools have created programs such as the one year MS in business fields for undergraduates in engineering, liberal arts, etc. Quite simply, the world is becoming too complex and many traditional models and theories don’t work anymore. A few courses in finance don’t get you far enough. One needs education more technical and in-depth. Schools now have MS in finance, marketing and business analytics. Also attention should be given to accounting. A new

MS in Real Estate and Infrastructure at York includes pension fund managers. The fact that 70% of multinational companies have offices in Toronto bodes well for York students. Finally, Canada is more welcoming to foreign students in order for many to stay in Canada. Manuel G. Serapio (University of Colorado, Denver): Executive Education and Innovation in IB Education, Particularly as It Pertains to Professional Business Education Big data has arrived, thus guessing is dead. Data analysis has a big impact on decision making. For example, in the dairy industry, they are now fitting cows with Fitbits to assess their fertility. Microsoft’s acquisition of Linkedin will likely have implications for training. At some point, we will have to develop a mechanism for the credentialing of skills. Victoria asked a thought provoking question: what information is relevant?

Member Updates Asian Institute of Management, Manila - AIM will initiate two new programs in the Fall: Masters in Entrepreneurship and an MS in Business for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math); will include agriculture since the Philippines is still predominantly an agricultural country. AIM is collaborating with Mr. Dado Banatao (Silicon Valley) in establishing an incubator at the Institute. AIM has embarked on a large-scale recruitment program. They are looking for 10-12 new faculty, with housing provided. University of Auckland, New Zealand – University of Auckland, New Zealand – The Business School’s current Dean has resigned and a search

for a new dean is underway. The Master of Commerce will be shortened to a one-year program (from the current two years), although such a change has to be approved by the national body. Within the Department of Management and International Business, 3 majors have been consolidated into one major , but will continue to offer electives from each of the former majors. UA is currently negotiating a tripartite program between UA, City University of Hong Kong and the University of South Carolina. Brigham Young University, Utah – Many students already speak a second language mainly due to their overseas missionary experience. It was a natural to offer advanced business language classes. BYU organizes an annual international business case competition in Chinese and Spanish. BYU will soon institute a new case competition in English. A new scholarship program in international business with a focus on logistics - Global Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Savage Program has 30 students on field study for 28 days. Twelve of the students have scholarships. University of Colorado, Denver – UCD just recruited a new dean from University of Kentucky, Louisville. He is originally from Sri Lanka. UCD CIBER recently completed an FDIB to Singapore and the Philippines in January 2016. Co-sponsors and speakers from other PACIBER schools included faculty/deans from AIM, San Diego State University, Brigham Young University, University of South Carolina and San Francisco State University. Next May 2017, UCD will launch a new China FDIB, “One Belt – One Road.” Also to be offered shortly will be a new certificate in international entrepreneurship along with an E-book. Students from China appear to be very interested in this new program. EAFIT, Colombia - The business school is aligning their programs with the sustainable and national development goals (refer to PPT). EAFIT is working closely with industry to ensure that their programs are responsive to the latter’s needs. They have just shortened their Master’s degree in business to 18 months. The strength of the U.S. dollar has presented EAFIT with a variety of problems.

ESAN, Peru – Current dean Talavera has already completed his mandatory two terms and ESAN is now searching for his replacement. The school is currently organizing the AIB Latin America conference. They also just introduced the first International MBA in English in Peru. However, many students are already engaged in dual degree programs overseas. ESPOL, Ecuador – The school received AACSB approval making them the only one in Ecuador with this distinction. ESPOL decided to focus on sustainability and designed a new Master’s program to address this. The government passed a new higher education law a couple of years ago and the transition period has now elapsed and all schools have to execute the national mandate. Ecuador utilizes the U.S. dollar as currency and the current strength of the dollar has several effects—exports are suffering though consumer spending is being maintained. The school still faces a lot of IB challenges because administration wants more focus on Asia-Pacific. The problem is that China-focused programs are getting a lot of funding and attention to the neglect of other countries. University of Hawaii – The College will be engaged in a new strategic planning exercise as mandated by AACSB. A decision was made to consolidate the day and evening MBA programs. Mr. Jay Shidler’s gift of revenues from properties in Hawaii and the U.S. Mainland, along with cash and in-kind donations brought his naming gift to $100M — the largest private donation to UH. San Diego State University, California – SDSU’s current dean is leaving for personal reasons and the college is embarking on a search for a new dean. The school is on the second year of its CIBER grant. SDSU developed a new joint course with the Berlin School of Economics and Law led by Victoria Krivogorsky. She published a paper about this joint course. SDSU is eager to develop more joint international courses with foreign partners. While they are maintaining their global business consulting program with the universities of Miami, Maryland and George Washington, they are pursuing partnerships with additional business schools around the world. Already in the works is an FDIB (CIBER faculty development program) plus a trade mission to

Cambodia and Myanmar scheduled for January 2017. SDSU is focusing on sustainability. San Francisco State University, California – The school just received their renewed AACSB accreditation and engaged in strategic planning. SFSU received high-quality input from the community which they will incorporate in their programs and curricula. A colleague, Prof. Yim Yu Wong was promoted to Associate Dean. The University of South Carolina – USC currently has 5600 undergraduate students majoring in business using a cohort process. Graduate programs currently have 1200 students. Several new initiatives have been introduced: recruitment of new faculty; a partnership with National Taiwan Normal University for Chinese language, training; a program in data analytics; the new Folks Center for International Business led by an expert from Austin; and guided by a new Board of Directors. The school intends to keep their focus on the undergraduate program and efforts are continuing to develop more engaging freshmen programs. York University, Canada – The Schulich Business School introduced two new master’s programs: a one-year Master’s of Management for non-business majors; and a MS in Real Estate and Infrastructure. Along with several two-week, three-credit programs, the school is hoping to address the decline in enrollment and the gender imbalance in the degree programs. The schools that belong to the PIM network have noticed a decline in MBA exchanges and they are now focusing on short-term courses that will be open to their students as well as overseas students. Groundbreaking for a new building for the Schulich School will happen this Fall. It will have 75,000 sq. meters, a sustainable design and house graduate programs and research. The university is in discussion with the private sector to provide housing for York students. Traffic to and from Toronto is a serious impediment for students who want to attend York. As part of its 50th anniversary celebration, a book on “Capitalism Re-imagined” in partnership with the McKinsey Institute, will be launched in Davos, Switzerland. The school is looking forward to the next ten years and a visioning project is underway to develop eight or nine centers of excellence:

Mining, Responsible Development, Real Estate, Marketing, Data Analytics, for example. University of Otago – (via email from Andre Everett) - The New Zealand government has put great emphasis on STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) while government funding for other programs has markedly decreased. There is an increased focus on research. Employment is not a problem in New Zealand; there are actually occupations that have serious shortages. Business schools do not address these shortages and there is an oversupply of accountants. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (via email from Dean Saleh) - Among the initiatives UKM has started, according to Dean Saleh, is a 2u2i program where students spend two years in school and spend the other two years attached to an industry. The government encouraged institutional-based employability programs. This is in response to industry’s call to make university programs more relevant to the industry needs. UKM is considering an overhaul of its programs because the Malaysian companies now prefer graduates with good knowledge and skills in all areas of business management rather than those who are highly-focused on a functional area (accounting, finance, marketing, etc.). A general practitioner is easier to employ and move around in an industry. Membership in PACIBER is helping UKM become more international because the industries themselves are becoming more globalized and competition is more intense within and beyond its borders. When asked what he saw as the most important economic, demographic and technological changes in Malaysia and the Asia-Pacific region that have an impact on curriculum, program offerings, enrollment, placement, etc., Dean Saleh listed three; (1) Industry has now become an important stakeholder with great influence on the design of the general education curriculum in business management. The challenge is making sure there is a balance between meeting the practical needs of the industry and the role of the universities in developing the body of knowledge. (2) The selection criteria for students in higher education is focused on employability. This, however, creates imbalances between and

among university programs. (3) The gap between the students’ knowledge of information technology, the university’s initiatives to incorporate IT-based approaches in teaching and learning, and the willingness of faculty to utilize IT in their teaching approach. This discrepancy contributes to the dwindling interest of students in the business programs. Universitas Indonesia (based on research) – The country will have a critical shortage of skilled manpower by 2020. The country of 250 million people spread across 18,000 islands and speaking over 700 languages and dialects is greatly hampered by the low quality of education at all levels. The government has embarked on several key policy thrusts: (1) Focus on vocational training by establishing 500 community colleges (patterned after the U.S. system) around the country by 2020. At this time, 60 such training colleges have opened. (2) Improve the higher education system to keep the best and the brightest from going overseas for college and the likelihood of losing them permanently (brain drain). This situation provides an excellent opportunity for U.S. universities to step in and assist the government and the schools to become successful in their community college endeavor. The U.K. has already established a foothold through signed agreements between British universities and the Indonesian government, and UK schools partnering directly with Indonesian institutions. Philippines – The recent switch to a 12-year pre-college education base in the country is still meeting with opposition and, implementation, although slow and somewhat erratic, is getting accomplished. Discussion: there is a marked decline in MBA and other graduate enrollment. To address this issue, the University of So. Carolina, for example, has launched a Distance MBA program to attract students from Charlotte. Many schools are also focusing more on shorter study abroad programs rather than exchanges. The latter is just too long for most students who cannot get away for extended periods from their jobs or their families. On the other hand, San Diego State has mostly evening graduate classes. They have a

combination of full-time, part-time, late afternoon and evening classes.

Research Presentations Moderator: Christina Singer (U. of Auckland) Amira Khattak (Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia) and Christina Singer (U. of Auckland), “The Role of Suppliers in the Greening of Global Value Chains,” Sara A. Wong (ESPAE-CEAP/ESPOL, Ecuador) and Marjan Petreski (University American College Skopje, Macedonia), “Exportable Manufacturing Value Added Growth in Latin America: Capital Inflows and the Role of China” Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perea (Universidad EAFIT, Colombia), “CSR Isn’t Voluntary Anymore: Sustainable Development Goals and Internationalization” Shirley J. Daniel (U. of Hawaii), Fujiao Xie (U. of Hawaii), Zhou Chen (U. of Hawaii) and Ben L. Kedia (U. of Memphis), “U.S. Business Needs for International Expertise by Functional Business Discipline” The discussion that ensued provided more information on what the members’ current research interests are and/or what their faculties’ are working on. Everybody hopes that other PACIBER members having similar research interests might be open to collaboration with their PACIBER colleagues. Common areas of interest for future collaboration are sustainability, supply chain management, and economic development and income inequality. Specific ideas from the discussion follow.

The group was informed that Apple now publishes a supplier sustainability report. Manuel Serapio – The Anshutz Medical Center at UCDenver is looking at sustainability and costs-benefits to health. His research interests are currently focused on the global economy, idea generation, collaborative networks, data and publications. He proposes a one- day research conference in conjunction with a shorter PACIBER meeting. He would like to collaborate with other researchers on a special issue of JTIB or some other journal. UCDenver and San Diego State U. are currently collaborating on a virtual international entrepreneurship scholars network: IEscholars.net. David Hudgens – Interested in sustainability and CSR; in how IB is framed in a multipolar world; and looking at technology and artificial intelligence as globalizing forces. Armando Borda (ESAN, Peru) - Currently working with Christina Singer (U. of Auckland) and with another colleague from Mexico on the greening of suppliers and sustainabililty. Simon Greathead (Brigham Young University) – Major interests are in supply chain innovation and buyer/supplier dyads. Mark Ballam (San Diego State U.) – Working with the US Chamber of Commerce on looking at supply chain management with a focus on HR as the resource chain; also working on talent pipeline management; and HR supply chain management. Faculty at SDSU are doing a project using GIS: how companies are internationalizing and overlaying this data with political, climate and other data. They are trying to develop a predictive model that can predict how companies will internationalize. Victoria Krivogorsky (San Diego State U.) – Major interests are: corporate governance, capital structures and IFRS. She is currently working on a new corporate governance book to be published by Rutledge. In addition, she is also working on another book that might be open to other PACIBER collaborators. Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez (Universidad EAFIT, Colombia) – Currently working on

sustainability’s and IB’s impacts on economic development; on risk management, disaster preparedness and management; apparel industry; and organizing an AIB Latin American chapter and conference. Dezsö Horváth (York University, Canada) – He is interested in strategy and working on a book with McKinsey. Schulich School had been in corporate rankings for their triple bottom line approach; The school has developed the “Expansion” database for Canadian companies. The measurement methods could be applied to other countries. Sara Wong (ESPOL, Ecuador) – Among her research interests are: supply chain with GIS mapping, corporate governance, strategy, productivity and poverty. She is currently working on a book on poverty and inequality using the GEM database. She gathers the GEM data for Ecuador. The book looks at internationalization of firms, climate change and tourism impact on the Galapagos. She thinks PACIBER should consider taking the lead in the “rethinking of management education.” Buddy Ungson (San Francisco State U.) – His major research focus is on emerging markets and poverty alleviation. Just recently, he published several book support by E & Y: “Rough Diamonds,” (Jossey Bass), “Scaling the Tail?” (using survey data collected by the Economist Intelligence Unit) and “ASEAN Champions (forthcoming from Cambridge): developed 58 cases of exemplary firms in the ASEAN region. Buddy is likewise interested in regional networks in production and supply chains but his emphasis is on poverty alleviation. He is looking for a theoretical framework, especially when considering conditions under which conditional cash transfers work. There is government data available at the country level that could be utilized for a comparative analysis. The Asian Development Bank just recently published a report on an assessment of the conditional cash transfer program in the Philippines. Marcia Annisette (York University, Canada) – She currently serves as editor for a journal, “Critical Perspectives in Accounting.” She is interested in looking at Accounting as a social and institutional practice, i.e., how does it transform and impact

decision-making. What does accounting reveal and express and what does it not? She suggests that PACIBER faculty could work on a special issue of “Critical Perspectives…” Christina Stringer (U. of Auckland) – Currently researching the fishing industry including aspects of human trafficking. She is also research worker exploitation in New Zealand and cited the example of migrant workers paying the employer so they can obtain a job. Final Conclusion – Research should be interdisciplinary, cross-country and have implications for practice, policy and pedagogy. Field Trip to Maunakea Observatory The PACIBER group drove from sea level to 3000 meters to the Mauna Kea Observatory. The group was greeted by Günther Hasinger, Director, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, and his team. Christoph Baranec, Assistant Professor, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, presented “Laser Astronomy”, highlighting the technology and process of lasers in astronomy. As darkness prevailed, telescopes were set up to view the planets and stars, including the crowd favorite Saturn.

Participants enjoyed the unique opportunity to learn from world class astronomy experts and to view the skies from this unique location. The Future of PACIBER Executive Summary To address the need to continue to engage the membership, two sessions at the 2016 meeting focused on the future directions of PACIBER. Through structured breakout sessions, email feedback from non-attending members, and group discussions, the future role of PACIBER and needs of the membership were discussed. It was agreed that other organizations and venues (AIB, Academy of Management, etc.) provide opportunities for traditional research paper presentations, and organizations such as NAFSA and PIM provide forums to discuss student exchange and study abroad programs. PACIBER’s niche and focus moving forward should be in collaborative multi-country research projects, and also a stronger linkage between academia and industry, which could improve the relevance of research and curriculum at our member institutions. Moving forward, PACIBER activities must meet the criteria of being relevant and leading edge, and these changes are reflected in the following revised mission statement and tagline in the name. Mission Statement: The mission of PACIBER is to establish linkages to promote international business education, research and exchanges and broaden the scope of cooperation between faculty, students and practitioners (business, government and NGOs) and enrich the quality and relevance of knowledge creation and dissemination on Pacific Asian business and economic issues. Name enhancement: PACIBER -- A bridge between practice and academia. 2017 Meeting Planning The next PACIBER meeting is tentatively set for July 7-10, 2017 in Manila, Philippines. Present and former members Asian Institute of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, and De La Salle University will be invited to co-host the meeting.

The Future of PACIBER Professor Manuel Serapio led the discussion regarding the future direction of PACIBER. To

frame the issue there was a brief review of the formation of PACIBER and some of the challenges and accomplishments for PACIBER over the years since the formation in 1988.

Participants Asian Institute of Management Dean Jikyeong Kang - jkang@aim.edu

University of Auckland Christina Stringer - c.stringer@auckland.ac.nz

Brigham Young University Simon Greathead - sgreathead@byu.edu

University of Colorado Denver Manuel Serapio - mserapio@gmail.com

EAFIT Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez - mgonza40@eafit.edu.co

ESAN Armando Borda - aborda@esan.edu.pe

ESPOL Sara Wong - sawong@espol.edu.ec University of Hawaii Shirley Daniel - sdaniel@hawaii.edu Angela Jackson - tinw@hawaii.edu Grant Kim - grantkim@hawaii.edu Rochelle McArthur - rochellemcarthur@hotmail.com

San Diego State University Mark Ballam - mballam@mail.sdsu.edu Victoria Krivogorsky - vkrivogo@mail.sdsu.edu

San Francisco State University Gerardo Ungson - bungson@sfsu.edu

University of South Carolina David Hudgens - dhudgens@moore.sc.edu

York University Dean Dezso Horvath - dhorvath@schulich.yorku.ca Marcia Annisette - MAnnisette@schulich.yorku.ca Virtual Contributors Ateneo de Manila University Dean Rudy Ang De la Salle University Ma. Luisa Delayco National Taiwan University Dean Andy Guo Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Dean Norman Mohd. Saleh University of Otago Andre Everett