Ch. 2 Mapping

____ 1. When placing coordinates in order east to west, you must look at longitude coordinates. ____ 2. The equator represents 0º longitude.

Use the time zone map of the United States to answer the questions.

____ 3. If it is 3:30pm in Central Standard Time, then it is 1:30 in Pacific Standard Time. ____ 4. There are 4 time zones in the United States. ____ 5. By using 4 satellites rather than 3, GPS would provide a much more accurate location. ____ 6. Lines of latitude are parallel. ____ 7. The Topex/Poseidon satellite allows its users to determine their exact position on Earth. ____ 8. A Mercator projection distorts areas near the poles. ____ 9. A contour line on a map connects points of equal elevation. ____ 10. A map legend explains what the symbols on a map represent.

City Latitude Longitude

A 60º96'N 4099'W B 59º77'N 41º16'W C 80º34'N 38º53'W D 60º06'N 16º72'W

Use the table to answer questions.

____ 11. Order the following cities from South to North.

Use the map to answer the questions. ____ 12. This map is an example of what type of map?

____ 13. What is the limitation of using this type of map?

Use the topographic map to answer the questions 14 through18.

____ 14. Which represents the greater rise in elevation, point C to point A or point B to point A?

____ 15. How much of a rise in elevation exists from point D to point B?

____ 16. Which would be the easiest route for a casual climb and why?

____ 17. You measure the distance from A to B on the map to be 3 inches. Using the map scale provided, calculate the gradient of a path from A to B.

____ 18. You measure the distance from D to A on the map to be 1.5 inches. Using the map scale provided, calculate the gradient of a path from D to A.

Map Scale: 1 inch = 2 miles *Remember* 1 mile = 5280 feet

____ 19. How much does each section of this graphic scale represent?

____ 20. Which of the following is a satellite used to map the ocean floor? a. GPS c. Landsat Satellite b. Sea Beam d. GIS

____ 21. What is the longitude of the prime meridian? ____ 22. What is the latitude of the north pole? ____ 23. Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 smaller units called ____________. ____ 24. Which statement about lines of longitude is true? a. They converge at the equator. b. They converge at the poles. c. They are parallel. d. They locate positions in north and south directions.

____ 26. All flat maps distort either the shapes or the areas of landmasses because ____.

____ 27. On a topographic map, the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the ____. ____ 28. What is a conical projection map good for

Match the topo on the left to the profile on the right

Ch. 17/20 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Scientists at the time rejected Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift because he could not explain how or why Earth’s continents move. ____ 2. The weight of a subducting plate helps to pull the lithosphere into a subduction zone in a process called ridge

push. ____ 3. If two continental plates converge, a subduction zone forms. ____ 4. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of warmed matter is called convection.

_________________________ ____ 5. Some early mapmakers thought that the coastline of South America matched the coastline of Africa. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 6. ____ is a fossil fern that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.

____ 7. Features found at divergent boundaries include ____. ____ 8. Crust is neither destroyed nor formed along which type of boundary? ____ 9. The existence of coal beds in Antarctica indicates that the continent once had ____. ____ 10. Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is ____. ____ 11. A vast, underwater mountain chain is called a(n) _________. ____ 12. What happens at an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary?. ____ 13. Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____. ____ 14. The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____. ____ 15. Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____. ____ 16. Isochron maps of the seafloor indicate that ocean crust is ____. ____ 17. Convection currents transfer thermal energy ____. ____ 18. The downward part of a convection current causes a sinking force that does what to tectonic plates?

____ 19. Many early mapmakers thought Earth’s continents had moved based on ____. ____ 20. _____________ is defined as the study of the history of earth’s magnetic field. ____ 21. The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge follows what kind of pattern? ____ 22. The driving forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in what Earth’s layer?

____ 23. Based on the figure, what type of polarity would you expect to find in the next epoch? ____ 24. Each cycle of spreading and intrusion of magma during seafloor spreading results in ____.

Completion Complete each statement.

25. ______________________________ are places where plates slide horizontally past each other. 26. Places where plates move apart are ______________________________. 27. The study of Earth’s magnetic record is known as _________________________. 28. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated matter is ____________________. 29. Earth’s continents were once joined as a single landmass called ____________________. 30. Wegener’s hypothesis of _________________________ stated that Earth’s continents had once been joined

as a single landmass. 31. ____________________ is a process whereby the weight of an uplifted ocean ridge pushes an oceanic plate

toward a subduction zone. 32. ____________________ occurs when one tectonic plate descends beneath another. 33. A(n) ____________________ detects small changes in Earth’s magnetic field.

34. ____________________ is a process that occurs at convergent boundaries. 35. A map line connecting points that have the same age is a(n) ____________________. Ch. 19

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The type of stress caused by a strike-slip fault is known as ____.

____ 2. The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as ____. ____ 3. P-waves are faster than S-Waves, True or False?____.

Use the diagram to answer questions 4-6.

____ 4. What type of fault is in the diagram above?

____ 5. What type of stress causes the fault in the picture above? ____ 6. What type of tectonic plate boundary causes the type of fault in the diagram above?

Use the diagram to answer questions 7-9.

____ 7. What type of fault is in the diagram above? ____ 8. What type of stress causes the fault in the picture above?

____ 9. What type of tectonic plate boundary causes the type of fault in the diagram above?

Use the graph to answer questions 10-12.

____ 10. What type of fault is in the diagram above?

____ 11. What type of stress causes the fault in the picture above? ____ 12. What type of tectonic plate boundary causes the type of fault in the diagram above? ____ 13. What causes tsunamis? Matching

Match each item with the correct description below. You may use a term more than once. a. surface wave b. P-wave c. S-wave

____ 16. Does not pass through Earth’s liquid outer core

____ 17. Does not pass through Earth’s interior at all

____ 18. Squeezes and pulls rocks in same direction as the wave travels

____ 19. Is the fastest wave, but causes the least amount of damage.

____ 20. Causes the most damage to buildings and towns. Ch. 18 Test

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Most volcanoes form at plate boundaries.

____ 2. Cinder cones are usually found at the edges of larger volcanoes.

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

____ 3. The volcano shown with its long, gentle slopes would best be described as a shield volcano.

____ 4. Because of this volcano’s explosive nature, it is potentially dangerous to humans and the environment.

____ 5. A pluton is an intrusive metamorphic rock body formed from magma.

____ 6. Batholiths and stocks are similar types of plutons, but stocks are larger.

Use the diagram to answer the questions.

____ 7. The pluton shown is called a laccolith.

____ 8. Magma turns into lava once it reaches the earth’s surface.

____ 9. Even if the Yellowstone Super Volcano erupts, America will probably be okay.

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the graph to answer the questions.

____ 10. What is the difference in melting points of dry albite and albite with water at a depth of 12 km?

____ 11. How does the melting point of albite with water change as the depth of its burial increases from 0 to 3 km?

____ 12. What three things affect the explosiveness of a volcano?

____ 13. What are the five types of plutons?

____ 14. What three things are features associated with volcanoes?

Complete the table below. Magma Characteristics

Type of Magma Source Material Viscosity Gas Content Basaltic magma 1. 2. 1–2% Andesitic magma 3. 4. 3–4% 5. Continental crust 6. 4-6%

22 - 25. Identify the types of volcanoes below:

Identify the intrusive igneous structures below.:

Ch. 4/5 Minerals & Igneous Rocks

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Calcite can be scratched by a fingernail. ____ 2. Because calcite is nonmetallic, luster cannot be determined. ____ 3. Because calcite leaves a white streak, it HAS TO BE a white mineral.

____ 4. This sheet SiO4 tetrahedron represents the structure of mica.

____ 5. The most common minerals, feldspar and quartz, are carbonates. ____ 6. The most reliable way to identify a mineral is by using a combination of several tests. ____ 7. Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, and mineral crystals.

____ 8. Different minerals melt and crystallize at different temperatures.

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 10. What is are two of the main qualities of minerals?

____ 11. What are the main ways we classify minerals? ____ 12. 95% of the minerals present in Earth’s crust are in which mineral group? ____ 13. Minerals always exist in a(n) ____ form. ____ 14. Silver, gold, and copper have shiny surfaces and thus are said to have what kind of luster? ____ 15. ____________ luster is often confused with metallic luster because it can look shiny, but is not metallic. It tends to be “waxy” or “greasy” or look like plastic.

____ 16. Rocks are formed when magma ____. ____ 17. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, generally have what kind of crystals compared to those cooled more slowly?

Use Bowen’s Reaction Series to answer the following questions 18-21: ____ 18. What does Bowen’s Reaction Series describe?

____ 19. Bowen’s Reaction Series describes the formation of what type of minerals?

____ 21. Which minerals would form in andesitic rock? ____ 22. What is the hardest of all of the minerals? Ch. 6 Metamorphic, Sedimetanry Rocks & Rock Cycle

True/False (A=True, B=False) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. The continuous changing and reforming of rocks is called the rock cycle. ____ 2. During physical weathering, minerals remain chemically unchanged. ____ 3. During sedimentary rock formation, cementation occurs before weathering. ____ 4. Because of its large mass, coarse-grained clastics such as gravel tend to be transported by low-energy flows of

water.

____ 5. The characteristic textures and features of metamorphic rocks provide a geologic “snapshot” of surface conditions in Earth’s past because they are formed above ground.

____ 6. Eroded materials are almost always carried uphill. ____ 7. Sedimentary rocks form from rock and mineral fragments, and metamorphic rocks form from existing rock. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the diagram to answer the questions 8-10. ____ 8. Organize the above four diagrams to correctly show the formation of sedimentary rock. ____ 9. What is diagram A depicting?

Rock Composition A large rounded rock fragments B quartz and small rock fragments C large angular rock fragments D clay

Use the table to answer the following questions.

____ 11. How did Rock A most likely get the rounded rock fragments?

____ 12. How do Rock B and Rock D differ in their grain size? ____ 13. What type of bedding has the heaviest and coarsest material is on the bottom? ____ 14. What type of sedimentary rock is coarse-grained with angular fragments? ____ 15. What results when rocks come in contact with molten rocks such as those in an igneous intrusion? Matching

Solid Rock

Match each description with the correct sediment shown for questions 16-18. ____ 16. sediment that has traveled farther

____ 17. made of harder minerals

____ 18. forms first when rocks break apart

COMPLETE THE MISSING PARTS OF THE ROCK CYCLE USING THE WORD BANK BELOW FOR