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INTERNATIONAL

Vol. 4 No. 10 $7.50

PATTON UPGRADE

Raytheon’s Program

for Modernizing

Cold War-era Tank. 8

KC-46 DELAY

Boeing Will Miss

Deadline. 4

F-35 NOISE

Netherlands Residents

Have First Listen. 10

LONDON — A vote in favor of Britainexiting the European Union could triggerspending cuts for the military and a new

strategic defense and security review, ac-cording to the deputy director-general ofthe Royal United Services Institute think

tank.

Current plans for defense spendingover the next decade might have to be re-

visited, especially if projected gross do-mestic product growth fails to

materialize in the aftermath of an exitvote, said RUSI think tanker Malcolm

Chalmers in a report issued in London onJune 3.

“While some short-term cut in planned

defence spending is probable, the long-term impact would depend on whether

the initial shock as a result of a ‘leave’

vote was followed by a longer-term dete-rioration in economic performance,” hesaid.

Ben Pruchnie/Getty Images

A British union jack flag and the European flag fly outside the former conservative partycentral office in London. Should Britons vote to leave the EU, cuts to defense spendingcould follow, according to a think-tank study.

BY ANDREW [email protected]

See BREXIT, Page 16

Report: ‘Brexit’ CouldTrigger Defense Cuts

EUROPEAN UNION

PARIS — Seeking an intergovern-mental agreement on arms exports,France and Germany are discussing

the level of national content in weap-ons as well as countries mutually ac-ceptable for foreign sales, said Louis

Gautier, head of the Secrétariat Géné-ral de la Defense and Sécurité Nation-ale.

A bilateral pact for foreign sales ofweapons is seen as key to the future ofthe 50/50 joint venture holding compa-

ny created by France's state-ownedNexter and family-controlled Krauss-Maffei Wegmann of Germany, two spe-

cialists in land systems. “We hope the new company will be

integrated and build common equip-

ment,” Gautier said. “So we have tofind a simplification of authorization.”

SGDSN, which reports to the prime

minister’s office, heads the interminis-terial commission that authorizesarms exports. One of the issues under

discussion is requiring joint authoriza-tion only when French or Germancontent in a weapon exceeds a certain

level. Another approach would be a bilat-

eral committee drawing up a list of ac-

ceptable countries for a company topitch products. Each exporter coun-

try has its own concerns and objec-

tives. “In my opinion there will be a combi-

nation of both approaches,” Gautier

See EXPORTS, Page 16

JOINT VENTURES

France, GermanyAim for ExportAgreementBY PIERRE [email protected]

LAND

AIR

EUROSATORY PREVIEWMore than 1,500 Companies

and Hundreds of VehiclesPage 9

SPECIAL REPORT

June 6, 2016

June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 3Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

NEWS 4LAND 8POLICY 12

AIR 14

INDUSTRY 15

COMMENTARY 20

LAST WORD 22

DEPARTMENTS

9

‘SECURITY FIRST’EX-GENERALS PUSH PLAN TO

IMPROVE ISRAEL’S STANDING 6

TURKISH CABINETNEW MINISTERS ARE NAMED

AND PRESIDENT GAINS POWER 12

F-22 RESTARTOUTGOING US GENERAL SAYS IT

IS NOT ‘A CRAZY IDEA’ 14

COMMENTARYCHALLENGING THE NUMBERS

BEHIND LONG-RANGE STANDOFF 21

WHAT’S INSIDE

22

Matthew Swartz, above, of the Navy’s FleetCyber Command talks about cybersecurity.Ben Fitzgerald, Center for a New AmericanSecurity, far left, and Andrew Hunter of theCenter for Strategic and International Stud-ies discuss procurement reform.

PROCUREMENT REFORM ANDCYBERSECURITY

WATCH DEFENSE NEWS TV

Watch Sundays at 11 a.m. ET on WJLA-TV inWashington, on American Forces Networkworldwide or at defensenews.com.

Defense Reform Controversy in India

The Ministry of Defence established three

committees to reform the defense sector, but

some officials say they will bog down the

process.

defensenews.com/budget-policy/

UK May Replace Airbus’ Skynet 5

The British are seeking a new generation of

space-based tactical communications systems

for its armed forces. The current deal with Airbus

Defense and Space ends in 2022.

defensenews.com/air-space

Canada Remakes Shipbuilding Program

The government is hiring more procurement staff

and plans to track costs through the life of a

program.

defensenews.com/naval

WHAT’S ONLINE

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4 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

WASHINGTON — The Air Force is

still determining what penalties to im-pose on Boeing for the latest hitch in de-livering the KC-46, a major slip that

effectively delays the service’s fieldingof the new tanker by over a year.

The Air Force’s contract with Boeing

for the KC-46 does not contain any pre-

defined penalties for schedule delays,service spokesman Maj. Rob Leese

said. But he acknowledged that Boe-

ing’s inability to deliver 18 certifiedtankers to the Air Force as planned by

August 2017 represents a “contractschedule breach.”

It is unclear what impact this delay

will have on Boeing’s contract to re-place the Air Force’s aging KC-135s. But

the Air Force is leaving the door open

for Boeing to pay some kind of price —

monetary or otherwise — for missing acrucial contractual deadline.

“As with any contract schedule

breach, the Air Force will seek consid-eration commensurate with the impactof the breach,” Leese said. “The Air

Force will secure consideration fromBoeing as part of the schedule re-base-line that is about to commence follow-

ing the [Required Assets Available]delay announcement.”

The latest delay, caused by ongoing

problems with the KC-46’s refuelingsystems, will allow Boeing more time toimplement the solution to a refueling

boom loads issue identified during

flight testing earlier this year, accordingto a Boeing statement.

Instead of delivering the first aircraft

in March 2017 and the 18th in August,Boeing will begin delivering tankers in

August, with the final jet arriving in Jan-uary 2018, Leese said last week.

The initial 18 aircraft will be equipped

with two key refueling capabilities —the refueling boom and the centerlinedrogue — but without the ability to re-

fuel from pods mounted on the plane’s

wings, called the wing-aerial refuelingpod, or WARP. The WARP systems willbe delivered separately in October 2018.

The delay is not due to a functionalityissue, but comes down to conformityand qualification testing needed for cer-

tification, according to Boeing.The government will not incur any in-

creased cost as a result of the schedule

delay, Air Force officials have said.

Meanwhile, the Air Force will delay aformal decision to approve production

of the new tanker, known as MilestoneC, from June to August 2016.

“The underlying production system

remains on track, and Boeing will havemore than 18 aircraft through the fac-

tory line and in various stages of final

change incorporation and certificationby August 2017,” according to Boeing.

“The KC-46 Tanker will play a vital role

in America’s Air Mobility Forces pro-viding both global power projectionand unrivaled global reach for decades

to come.” DN

Boeing

Boeing has put off delivery of the first KC-46 tanker until at least August 2017.

Boeing’s Penalty For LatestKC-46 Delay Still UnclearBY LARA [email protected]

Sebastian Sprenger has been appoint-

ed as managing editor of Defense News,where he will oversee news coveragefor this leading multimedia brand.

Sprenger joins Defense News from In-side the Army, where he served as chiefeditor, reporting and editing on land

warfare topics and associated budgets,policies and technologies. He previous-ly served as managing editor of Global

Security Newswire at Atlantic Media,editing and reporting in the field of nu-clear weapons and nonproliferation.

“I could not be more pleased to havean editor of Sebastian’s caliber join theteam. His deep understanding of the de-

fense market, and his journalism pedi-gree will ensure Defense News andDefenseNews.com continue to set the

standard in market coverage,” saidDefense News Executive Editor JillAitoro.

Sprenger, a native of Siegen, Germa-ny, who speaks German and French,

will lead the Defense News team of re-

porters and promote a multifaceted ap-proach to coverage that includes onlineand print reporting as well as video and

data-driven features. “I’m excited to join the Defense News

team and help ensure the publication

continues to be the go-to source for na-tional-security news and analysis,”Sprenger said. “We’ve got a great team

of reporters dedicated to finding new

story angles and reporting what’s im-portant in Washington and around the

world. My focus will be to ensure thatboth print and digital delivery of con-tent both informs and engages our glob-

al audience.” DN

Alan Lessig/Staff

Sebastian Sprenger, Managing Editor forDefense News

Sprenger NamedManaging Editorof Defense News

NEW TANKER


TEL AVIV, Israel — Fed up with secu-rity-sapping paralysis at home and fear-ful of diplomatic fallout abroad, a group

of ex-generals here is pushing its owninitiative to break through the deadlockblocking prospects for an eventual two-

state solution for Israel and Palestine.Commanders for Israel’s Security

(CIS), a group of more than 200 retired

generals from the Israel DefenseForces (IDF), Mossad and Shin Bet, de-livered to government ministers and

lawmakers its “Security First” plan forimproving Israel’s security situationand international standing.

Recognizing that military force alonewill not solve Israel’s security problemswith Palestinians in the West Bank or in

Gaza, the plan prescribes a combina-tion of security, civil and economicmeasures aimed at keeping the promise

of a two-state solution alive and encour-aging Israel’s integration into a regionalarrangement with pragmatic Arab Sun-

ni states.The 67-page document, complete

with detailed maps, represents the first

phase of a nearly yearlong effort by averitable “Who’s Who” of Israel’s formersecurity establishment.

It assumes that no major break-through is feasible at this time regard-ing two-state peace talks, yet rejects

claims by the current Israeli govern-ment that the conflict can be managedfor the foreseeable future.

“The policy of ‘managing the conflict’has turned out to be a dangerous illu-sion. In practice, the situation has only

gotten worse…

“The time has come to be proactiverather than being dragged along by

events, continually reacting to interna-

tional or Palestinian initiatives or theactions of extremists on both sides,”

the CIS report states.Retired Maj. Gen. Amnon Reshef, CIS

chairman, said one of the advantages of

the plan is that doesn’t deal with wheth-er or not there is a peace partner on the

other side. “We’ve already wasted too

much time to remain locked in futile de-

bates on this issue.”In an interview May 29, Reshef said

CIS has prescribed a multidisciplinary

set of steps that can be taken now, re-

gardless of the validity of the argument

that has prevented successive Israeligovernments from taking needed ac-

tion. “Therefore, we are urging the gov-ernment to adopt its plan in its entirety,and not piecemeal,” he said.

“We are saying that Israel is strong. It

must seize the initiative to determine its

destiny and shape a better future forour children and those of our neigh-bors. And since there is no exclusive

military solution to the conflict or towaves of terror, we are saying that wemust dramatically change the rules of

the game,” Reshef said.

“Only by adopting a holistic package

of security measures, policy clarifica-tions and generous civil-economic mea-sures will we be able to improve

security and reap dividends regionallyand internationally,” Reshef said

Specifically with regard to the West

Bank, the plan calls for eliminating “po-litical ambiguity” regarding the futureof the West Bank while enhancing secu-

rity of Israelis living there pending apermanent status agreement.

CIS experts insist their plan is not a

unilateral withdrawal, but aimed at ren-dering facts on the ground ripe for aneventual diplomatic settlement.

As such, it insists on continued IDFdeployment until a permanent statusagreement with the Palestinians ushers

in “alternative, concrete and sustain-able security arrangements.”

To that end, the plan calls for immedi-

ate completion of the security barrierthroughout the West Bank to reduce“friction” between Israelis and Palestin-

ians there.“A security fence separating the Pal-

estinians from most of the Israeli pop-

ulation will create a situation in whichthey live ‘beside each other,’ not ‘insideeach other.’ Friction between the two

populations will be reduced considera-bly, thereby allowing each group to leada more normal life.”

It calls for large Jewish settlementblocks west of the security fence and inJewish neighborhoods of East Jerusa-

lem to remain under Israeli sovereignty,yet prescribes a construction freeze onnew settlements or infrastructure east

of the fence. “Violation of the settlement freeze as

spelled out above will increase friction

with the Palestinian population on theWest Bank, create additional securityproblems; undermine Israel’s interna-

tional standing; and close options for afuture negotiated settlement.”

Moreover, it calls for bolstering the

administrative power of the PalestinianAuthority (PA) through economic in-

vestment, agricultural development

and quality-of-life improvements forPalestinians.

Finally, the CIS study calls for enact-

ment of a law that would fund alterna-

tive housing within the Green Line or in

West Bank settlement blocks west of

the newly completed security fence.

A follow-on CIS report delving intospecific security prescriptions for sup-

porting a two-state solution will be pre-sented in the fall, prior to French-ledplans for an international conference

on Israel-Palestine and the period afterthe US elections in November and be-fore US President Barack Obama

leaves the White House in January. DN

Barbara Opall-Rome/Staff

The “Security First” plan by a group of more than 200 retired generals from the IsraelDefense Forces aims to improve Israel’s security situation and international standing.

Ex-Generals Push ‘SecurityFirst’ Plan for West Bank, GazaBY BARBARA [email protected]

MIDEAST ACCORD

News


TEL AVIV, Israel — In his first day onthe job, Israeli Defense Minister Avig-dor Lieberman vowed to work 24/7 with

an “open mind” to promote “pragmaticdiplomacy and powerful security.”

A transcript from a debut meeting

with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)General Staff indicates that Lieberman— the West Bank-residing firebrand

who had previously pushed for recon-quering Gaza, bombing Egypt’s AswanDamn and doing away with Palestinian

leaders — will be taking a different tonenow that he’s moved into the 14th flooroffice at MoD headquarters here.

According to the transcript of the May31 meeting, the new, ostensibly moder-ate minister insisted that Israel cannot

allow itself to wage wars of choice.“As an Israeli society, we must man-

age wars only if there is no other choice

and then we must win them,” Lieber-man told IDF brass.

With regard to the prospect of cedingterritory for an acceptable future Israe-

li-Palestinian permanent status agree-ment, Lieberman said national unitywas more important than a national

homeland of “Greater Israel” that en-compasses all areas of the West Bank.

“When there is a clash between the

values of national unity or unity of theland, unity of the nation is more impor-tant,” Lieberman said.

Lieberman told IDF officers they rep-resent the broad consensus in Israelisociety, something which much be pre-

served and cultivated in order to main-tain national fortitude in the face ofmyriad threats.

“Therefore there is no organizationbetter suited than [the IDF] to be re-sponsible not only for operational

readiness of IDF soldiers, but also fornational resilience.”

Lieberman flagged his experience as

an immigrant from Moldova to empha-size the opportunities that Israeli soci-

ety provides newcomers and thosefrom less fortunate backgrounds.

“The fact that I — a new immigrant

who came here in 1978 without know-ing the language, without connectionsand without any wealth — am sitting

here today with the IDF General Staff asminister of defense … proves that Israelis the land of unlimited possibilities.”

In that respect, he quipped, “We’remore American than America.”

Lieberman acknowledged manyclashes with former Defense MinisterMoshe Ya’alon, yet expressed deep ap-

preciation for Ya’alon’s “numerousachievements” and his undisputed con-tribution to Israel’s security.

“I intend to work in full cooperationwith the IDF chief of staff, Lt. Gen. GadiEisenkot, and with the IDF General

Staff. ... Together we will all preservethe security of the citizens of Israel.” DN

LEADERS

Israel’s New Defense Minister Mutes Combative ToneBY BARBARA [email protected]

Israel Ministry of Defense

Israel DefenseMinister AvigdorLieberman and Lt. Gen.Gadi Eisenkot, IsraelDefense Forces chiefof staff, hold a meetingafter Lieberman wassworn into office.

Logistic vehicles

Tactical vehicles

Air defence systems

Weapons and ammunition

Infantry systems

Protection systems

Command and control

Electro-optical components

Simulation and training

www.rheinmetall-defence.com

Please make sure to visit us at Eurosatory 2016

Outdoor Area I D261 – D211

COME TO DISCOVER


“The M60 Patton medium mainbattle tank was the US Army’sprimary armored vehicle duringthe height of the Cold War...,”according to the US ArmyHeritage and Education Centerat Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylva-nia. “Introduced in 1960, [it]featured a large 105mm maingun, an angular turret for betterprotection against enemyrounds, and a diesel engine.”

BACKGROUND

the Patton tanks began many years

back when Raytheon developed a newfire control solution for Jordan’s tanks.Raytheon completed fielding the new

fire control systems to the countryabout five years ago, according toProbert.

Now Raytheon has created a packageof modernization-level upgrades forthe tanks that goes far beyond the ini-

tial upgrade for Jordan, Probert said.The company’s service life extension

program for the M60 A3 variant in-

creases lethality ranges and accuracythrough an advanced digital fire con-trol system using US Army-developed

software and by swapping out thetank’s 150mm cannon with a 120mmgun.

Raytheon has also changed out a 750horsepower engine to a 950 horsepow-er one, which restarts the engine to ze-

ro-hour condition, Probert said.

The tank weighs a full ton less asRaytheon has changed out the hydrau-

lics with electronic systems.Through the new upgrades the tank

will also be able to fire on the move

rather than having to use a soldier inthe loop to stop the tank, aim the gunand fire, which turns the tank into an

easy target on the battlefield. The fire

control system is linked to a GPS that

tells it where the tank is and digitallycoordinates automatic aiming, dis-crimination and firing capability.

The entire package of upgradeswould cost one-third of the price tag ofa new tank, he said.

The Patton tanks “are a generationolder, but with what we are doing, weare allowing them to be more relevant

in the current fight,” Probert said.The tank and its full package of up-

grades has been tested rigorously at

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland,in partnership with the US Army.

Raytheon has been in discussions

with a number of countries in the Mid-dle East about upgrading tanks, seeingan emerging need for the service life

extension of the vehicles.“It comes down to systems engineer-

ing first and foremost, coming in and

appreciating what is needed, marrythat up with the customers’ desires andwith what the threat and challenges

that they are facing, and system engi-

neering a solution that makes sense forthat platform or that particular IT or in-

telligence command and control sys-tem,” Probert said.

“We have a lot of stuff in play,” he

added. DN

from a readiness standpoint and what

we need to do, all the things the admini-stration wants to do, focus on the waron terror, the shift to the Pacific, deal

with emerging cyber threats, it’s some-thing that is a fairly significant chal-lenge given the budget environment

that we are in,” Todd Probert, Raythe-on’s vice president in charge of thebusiness sector, told Defense News.

“I think the recipe we have, modern-ization through sustainment, is goingto be a key mechanism for the US to

move through this period,” he said.And that strategy will likely be em-

ployed by countless other countries

around the world as well.Take the M60 Patton tank, for exam-

ple. It became the standard main battle

tank for the US Army in the 1960s, butwas replaced by the M1 Abrams 20years later. Yet, there are still Patton

tanks used by countries around theworld and there are estimated to beabout 7,000 to 10,000 of them used by

countries in the Middle East, Probert

said.Raytheon said it was aware of tanks

remaining in Egypt, Jordan, Oman,Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Leba-non, Israel, Thailand and Taiwan.

The company’s program to upgrade

WASHINGTON — Raytheon, in con-cert with the US Army, has put togethera package of upgrades to modernize

1960s-era Patton tanks still used bymany Middle Eastern countries.

The effort is a procurement formula

for bringing old equipment up to speedin an era where most countries’ de-fense spending budgets are declining

and the idea of building anything newfrom the ground up is rarity.

The Pentagon and the defense indus-

try have heard it said countless times:The military services have to make dowith what they have.

And the services are turning moreand more to upgrading and moderniz-ing what they already own whether it’s

aircraft like the CH-47 Chinook expect-ed to fly for 100 years before it’s retiredin the 2060s or taking vehicles already

in the inventory and adding lethalitythrough a bigger gun like in the case ofthe Stryker.

Raytheon’s Mission Support andModernization business core compe-tency is taking a look at what is in a mil-

itary’s inventory and figuring out waysto sustain and modernize such equip-ment to meet the current threat using

an affordable strategy.

“The thing that is most interesting tome when you look at the current state

INDUSTRY

Raytheon Gives New Life to Patton Tanks‘ModernizationThroughSustainment’

Getty Images

An Israeli soldieraccompanies a Pattontank on its return tobase June 14, 2001, nearthe West Bank town ofRamallah. As many as10,000 of the tanks areestimated to still be inuse in the Middle East.BY JEN JUDSON

[email protected]


Germany and Britain are respectively

second and third largest foreign exhibi-tors with 110 and 76, Colas de Francs

told journalists. Those are down fromrespectively 120 and 105.

The number of UK companies at the

June 13-17 event “could be higher,” hesaid, adding that British firms preferred

DSEI, the defense and security exhibi-

tion in London, which has failed to at-

tract many French firms.The US Army will send over a UH-60

Black Hawk transport and an AH-64

Apache attack helicopter for static dis-

play, a US officer

said. Frank Ken-dall, US undersec-

retary of state for

defense acquisi-tion, technologyand logistics, will

be the senior offi-

cial visiting the show.France dominates, with some 529

French firms compared to 1,007 foreign

companies, giving a total 1,536 bookedto date.

Some 250 vehicles and other equip-ment, including helicopters, will be on

PARIS — The US will be the largestforeign exhibitor at the upcoming Euro-satory, with 136 American companies

booked into the trade show for land

weapons and air-land systems, said Pat-rick Colas des Francs, chief executive

of show organizer Coges. Those US bookings slipped from 141

firms in the previous 2014 exhibition,

Coges figures show.

Ready for EurosatoryBY PIERRE [email protected]

Eric Piermont/AFP/Getty Images

An Oshkosh Defense M-ATV vehicle isdisplayed before the opening ofEurosatory 2014 in Paris. This year’strade show kicks off June 13.

INDUSTRY

EUROSATORY PAGE 11

1,536 CompaniesHead to Parisfor Exhibition

Visitdefensenews.comfor completecoverage ofEurasatory


WASHINGTON — Despite worries

that the new F-35 would be louder thanthe Netherlands’ F-16s, recent testinghas shown Dutch residents don’t hear

much of a difference.During comparative noise testing of a

Dutch F-35 and an F-16 late last month,

residents near Leeuwarden and Volkel,

the two Dutch air bases that will receivethe F-35, found the Joint Strike Fighter

only slightly louder.

“The results were actually the sameas what we expected. The people said,

‘OK, it’s a bit louder but not that muchlouder,’” said Lt. Col. Sidney Plankman,chief of public affairs for the Royal

Netherlands Air Force, or RNLAF. “’If

this is it, there’s no problem for us tolive with.’”

The testing took place May 26, after

the Netherlands’ initial two F-35s flew

from Edwards Air Force Base, Califor-nia, on May 23.

The RNLAF conducted two flights of

an F-35, with full afterburner duringtakeoff, followed a few minutes later by

an F-16, Plankman said. The two planesflew once in the afternoon and once in

the evening.

In an online survey, residents wereasked simple questions: Was the sound

louder or softer than normal? Did it last

longer? Did you experience more vibra-

tion?Of the 1,500 residents who enrolled in

the survey, 1,000 households participat-

ed, Plankman said.The noise difference between the two

planes was previously measured to be

inside the margin of three decibels, hesaid. But there is a difference betweenthe scientific noise level and the sound

experienced by human ears.The Dutch are happy with the results

of the noise testing, because residents

had feared the F-35 would be much

louder than the F-16 due to its larger en-gine, Plankman said. He noted that resi-

dents did experience slightly morevibration with the F-35 than with theF-16s.

“It was important for the communityto experience — to take away the fearthey had because they thought it was

going to be twice as loud,” Plankman

said. “They all said, ‘If this is it, well, wecan live with this.’ That was the generalopinion of the community.”

The RNAF has no plans for additionalnoise testing, Plankman said. Over thenext week, the jets will undergo tests to

confirm the compatibility of the F-35with the hardened aircraft shelters on

Dutch airfields. The planes will also

participate in training missions, and thetest team will begin looking at their lo-gistics footprint.

The Dutch F-35’s visit to the Nether-lands will culminate in the Leeuwardenair show on June 10 and 11, where the

planes will be on static display and pos-sibly even fly.

“I can’t say 100 percent yet” that the

two Dutch aircraft will fly during the airshow, Plankman said. “But it’s far over50 percent.”

The F-35 will make its official interna-tional debut at the Royal InternationalAir Tattoo and Farnborough Air Show

in the United Kingdom next month. DN

Evert-Jan Daniels/AFP via Getty Images

The first two American F-35A Lightning IIfighter jets land in Leeuwarden, TheNetherlands, on May 23. The RoyalNetherlands Air Force conducted twoflights of an F-35, with full afterburnerduring takeoff, on May 26. F-35 Not Much Noisier

Than F-16, Say DutchBY LARA [email protected]

AIR WARFARE

Special Report

June 6, 2016 R1 defensenews.com | 11Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence

display. Airbus Helicopter will be at theshow, although the parent Airbus group

has opted to stay away. Security for the show will be tighter

than in previous years, reflecting an ex-

tended state of emergency adopted af-ter the Nov. 13 attacks which killed 130people in Paris. The trade show coin-

cides with Euro 2016, one of the biggestsoccer tournaments worldwide and forwhich the government has assured

there will be high security.Colombia, with three firms, will at-

tend the show for the first time, said

Stefano Chmielewski, chairman ofGroupement des Industries Françaisesde Défense Terrestre et Aéroterrestre

(GICAT) and its subsidiary, Coges. Thatboosts a Latin American presence,alongside Argentina and Brazil.

Some 17 Brazilian companies, a rec-ord number, have booked into theshow, the Brazilian defense and securi-

ty industry association said. Iceland has pulled out, bringing down

the number of nations to 56 from 57 in

2014, Colas des Francs said. Somecountries left bookings to the last min-ute, so another one or two could ask for

space.Some 12 Russian firms, down from 26,

have booked, and France continues to

withhold an invitation for an officialdelegation, reflecting the chill in rela-tions since the armed conflict in Uk-

raine.A stronger Asian presence is expect-

ed. Japan is sending a delegation for thesecond time. There are two fewer com-panies compared to 2014 but these have

booked more floor space. There is moreinterest from South Korea, with 27 com-panies, up from 11.

Some 36 Chinese firms will be at theshow. Western nations imposed anarms embargo since China dispersed a

1989 pro-democracy demonstration inTienanmen square, which led to the lossof protesters’ lives.

A Vietnamese delegation is expected.

The French Army will highlight itsScorpion modernization program. Theservice will be on display next to the de-

fense ministry, which with the Direc-tion Générale de l’Armementprocurement office seeks to promote

exports with the “combat proven”badge on the equipment on exhibition.

Coges executives visited 38 trade

shows to track technological progressaround the world. The technology trendincludes greater demand for highly

specified rather than off-the-shelf

equipment, a collective industrial team-work with 3-D simulation in designingsystems, and a move to low-cost manu-

facturing. Drones, cyberdefense andcybersecurity are among the keythemes.

GICAT seeks to help small, mediumand intermediate companies pursueforeign deals by arranging bookings in

overseas shows in Abidjan, Bogota andSingapore next year.

“This is not a tourist trip but a busi-

ness drive,” Chmielewski said. DN

INDUSTRY

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Policy

ANKARA, Turkey — A change at the

top of the Turkish government alongwith a Cabinet reshuffle will grant more

de facto powers to President RecepTayyip Erdogan and mean that he willhave more direct control over procure-

ment programs, officials and analystssay.

“The reshuffle simply means that Er-

dogan will be the sole decision-maker

in multibillion-dollar programs,” saidone western defense analyst here. “He

will decide which systems to buy, from

which supplier to buy and under whatterms.”

A senior procurement official admit-

ted that Erdogan would likely get moreinvolved in arms programs. “He will ef-

fectively consult with the prime minis-ter, defense minister, top procurementbureaucracy and military,” he said. “But

his choices will be the principal guide-line in shaping programs.”

The Turkish government May 24

named new ministers for defense and

science. Fikri Isik, science, industryand technology minister in the previous

Cabinet, was named as the country’s

new defense minister. Outgoing De-

fense Minister Ismet Yilmaz was ap-

pointed as education minister.Meanwhile, a former senior procure-

ment official, Faruk Ozlu, was named as

science, industry and technology minis-ter. Ozlu was deputy undersecretary atTurkey’s procurement agency, the Un-

dersecretariat for Defense Industries

(SSM).The Cabinet reshuffle came after Bi-

nali Yildirim was elected May 22 aschairman of Turkey’s ruling Justice andDevelopment Party — and became the

new prime minister. Former Prime Min-

ister Ahmet Davutoglu quit amid a se-

ries of political rows with the country’spowerful president, Erdogan.

Although Isik did not have a directly

defense-related portfolio except thesatellite programs he was widelyviewed as a de facto insider to procure-

ment matters.But some industry sources say the de-

fense minister’s job would largely be

symbolic. “Isik will not make [procure-ment] policy. Instead he will be expect-ed to execute decisions coming from

higher up,” said one manager at a state-

controlled company.

But the new prime minister, Yildirim,

will have more influence on projects,

according to government sources. Ashipbuilding engineer by degree and a

maritime expert, Yildirim’s term astransport minister saw him designingpolicy and programs including a major

aviation project. Under that program,viewed as his pet project, Turkey willindigenously develop a regional jet with

dual civilian and military use. The

Ozan Kose/AFP/Getty Images

Turkish President Gains PowerAfter Cabinet ReshuffleBY BURAK EGE [email protected]

LEADERS

planned aircraft will be based on Dor-nier 328 and Dornier 628 bodies.

“Yildirim is one of Erdogan’s most-

trusted political allies and no strangerto military procurement,” said onepresidential aide. “He will have an in-

creased role and influence over pro-curement.”

Analysts say Erdogan’s personal role

in formulating security policies alsowill see consolidation.

“Foreign ministry, intelligence and

military top brass will be his key inter-locutors in shaping security policy,”said one London-based Turkey special-

ist. “We may see Turkey graduallyswitching to more hawkish securitypolicies against the Kurdish insurgents

as well as in neighboring Syria andIraq.”

“That will mean Turkey will have a

bigger shopping list for any equipmentit may need in its asymmetrical wars in-side Turkey and beyond its southern

and southeastern borders,” said one in-dustry source.

Turkey has been fighting the militant

Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) since1984 in a conflict that has killed around40,000 people. Since July, when the

PKK ended a two-year cease-fire, morethan 400 police officers and troops andover 6,000 PKK fighters have died.

Turkey also is part of a US-led, inter-national campaign fighting the IslamicState group that has captured large

swaths of land in Syria and Iraq since

2014.Under the Turkish constitution the

president is head of the National Securi-ty Council that oversees domestic andforeign security matters.

The Turkish constitution defines thepresident’s role as nonpartisan and

largely ceremonial and the executive

power is exercised by the government.But Erdogan has been pushing for anexecutive presidential system and has

de facto breached the constitution byignoring its articles requiring a nonpar-tisan role since he was elected presi-

dent in August 2014. DN

Turkish President Recep TayyipErdogan speaks at a rally tomark the 563rd anniversary of theconquest of Istanbul by OttomanTurks. Erdogan has acquired abigger role in defenseacquisitions after reorganizingthe Cabinet, according toanalysts.


ANKARA, Turkey — NATO allies

Turkey and the United States are exhib-iting increasingly divergent positionsover procurement matters and their

joint campaign against radical Islamistterrorism in Syria and Iraq, giving sig-nals of conflicting security priorities.

“This is worrying,” said one NATOdiplomat in Ankara. “We hope the [US-Turkish] differences should not cause

any operational weakness or lack of co-hesion [in the allied campaign].”

Turkey’s top procurement official

said May 29 that a US restriction on thesale of some weapon systems hasdriven Turkey to develop its own tech-

nologies. “I don’t want to be sarcasticbut I would like to thank [the US gov-ernment] for any of the projects that

was not approved by the US because itforced us to develop our own systems,”said Ismail Demir.

Demir said that Turkey successfullydeveloped an indigenous, armed dronesystem [the Bayraktar] which it effec-

tively uses in its anti-terror operationsagainst the Kurdistan Workers’ Party.

On April 29 Turkey successfully test-

ed the Bayraktar, which hit a target atthe Konya fire test field in central Ana-tolia from a distance of 8 kilometers.

The Bayraktar uses the MAM-L andMAM-C, two mini smart munitions de-veloped and produced by the state-con-

trolled missile maker Roketsan.Roketsan’s mini systems weigh 22.5kilograms including a 10-kilogram war-

head.

Demir said that Turkey no longerneeds US-made armed drone systems.

“Unfortunately in the case of armed

drones, on our part, we have closed thatpage,” he said, referring to a Turkish re-

quest, pending since 2009, for the USsale of the sophisticated armed MQ-9Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle sys-

tem, known as the Predator. Demir said that blocking arms sales

to Turkey would not set back Ankara

from its national security goals. He

warned that “the restrictions [of armedsystems] would not be productive forlong-term strategic relations between

the two allies [the US and Turkey].” One of Turkey’s procurement goals is

to end its dependency on foreign-made

systems in the next 10 years.Meanwhile, Turkish President Recep

Tayyip Erdogan on May 28 criticized the

US after photos emerged of US specialoperations forces wearing the insigniaof the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protec-

tion Unit (YPG) on their shoulders dur-ing an assault on Islamic State positionsin Syria’s Raqqa.

Turkey claims the YPG is linked to theKurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), anoutlawed militant group fighting for

Kurdish autonomy in Turkey. Turkey,the US and the European Union consid-er the PKK as a terrorist group.

“I am someone who believes that poli-

tics should be conducted honestly,” Er-dogan said. “Therefore, our allies, those

who are with us in NATO, cannot andshould not send their own soldiers toSyria, with insignias of the YPG.”

Turkey views the YPG as a terroristorganization and has long asked the US

to “choose between its NATO ally and a

terrorist organization.” Washington hassince refused to label the Kurdish group

as a terrorist organization. The YPG

helps the alliance fight the Islamic State

group on the ground.“Our Turkish friends should be able to

understand that the YPG is a useful as-

set functioning like ground troopsagainst the ISIL,” said one western am-bassador in Ankara, using another

name for the Islamic State group.Seeking to diffuse tensions with An-

kara over the YPG-insignia incident, the

Pentagon said that it was “unautho-rized” and “inappropriate” for US spe-cial operations forces to wear YPG

patches on their uniforms. “Corrective action taken, and we

have communicated as much to our

military partners and military allies inthe region,” said Col. Steve Warren, aspokesman for the anti-Islamic State

coalition, during a videoconferencefrom Baghdad.

But US State Department spokesman

Mark Toner said that Washington doesnot regard the YPG as part of the PKK.“On the contrary, we believe the YPG as

well as other forces in northern Syria

are effectively taking the fight to ISIL,”he said.

Analysts say Washington is trying to

perform a balancing act between itsTurkish and Kurdish allies.

“The US needs both to fight the ISIL.And it’s not that it needs both just now;

it will need both in its future campaigns

against the jihadists,” said an Ankara-based western security analyst. “A re-

turn to peace negotiations by the Turks

and the PKK may help resolve the dis-

pute but this does not seem like a real-istic option, at least in the next year or a

year and a half.” DN

DIPLOMACY

Turkey-US Relationship SuffersProcurementand SecurityDivide AlliesBY BURAK EGE [email protected]

Isaac Brekken/Getty Images

Turkey sought in 2009 US permission to acquire MQ-9 Reapers but Turkish officialsrecently said the country has moved on by developing its own system and does notneed the US armed drone systems.

THE LATEST ON US DEFENSEFollow Staff Reporter

Aaron Mehta @AaronMehta


“I don’t think it’s a wild idea, I meanthe success of the F-22 and the capa-

bility of the airplane and the crews thatfly it are pretty exceptional. I think it’sproven that the airplane is exactly

what everybody hoped it would be,”Welsh said.

“We’re using it in new and different

ways and it’s been spectacularly suc-cessful and its potential is really, reallyremarkable. And so going back and

looking and certainly raising the idea:Well, could you build more? It’s not acrazy idea.”

The Air Force is working with Lock-heed Martin to determine the feasibil-ity and cost of such a project, Welsh

said.

But this is not the first time the Air

Force has looked into how much it

would cost to begin building the stealthfighter again.

An Air Force-commissioned 2010

study by the think tank Rand Corp.placed the cost to buy just 75 F-22s at$17 billion in 2008 dollars. And if the Air

Force decides to upgrade the plane

with modern technology instead of aone-for-one replacement, the price of

the project could climb even higher.

The other obstacle is that Lockheedmay not be on board with an F-22 re-

start. The company is focused on get-ting the F-35 across the finish line, andan F-22 revival could siphon funds

away from the joint strike fighter. DN

F-22 revival could actually be gainingtraction this year, after the full House

passed legislation that would, if ap-proved by the Senate and signed intolaw, direct the service to study the pos-

sibility. At Congress’ request, the Air Force

has started to look at what an F-22 re-

vival would take, Welsh said May 26 atan event hosted by the Air Force Asso-ciation.

The Air Force may even decide tobuild a modified F-22 instead of a sixth-generation fighter, Welsh hinted.

Although top Air Force officials havesaid such a project would be cost-pro-hibitive, it’s “not a crazy idea,” Welsh

said.

WASHINGTON — Although US AirForce and industry officials have re-peatedly dubbed reviving Lockheed

Martin’s F-22 production line as a non-

starter, the service’s outgoing chief ofstaff says it might not be such a crazy

idea after all.Gen. Mark Welsh’s comments

marked the first time since Congress

floated the idea in April that Air Forceleadership has acknowledged an F-22restart as anything but pie in the sky.

Lawmakers have condemned the de-cision to shut down the F-22 line eversince Lockheed terminated production

almost five years ago. But the idea of an

INDUSTRY

Welsh: F-22 Restart Not ‘A Wild Idea’

John Rossino/US Air Force

Employees at Lockheed Martin’sassembly plant at Marietta, Ga., paintthe first operational F-22 Raptor to bedelivered to the Air Force.

BY LARA [email protected]


Defense News sister brand C4ISR &

Networks presented its Elite 6 Awardsat its annual conference May 26, recog-nizing technological and capability de-

velopment at the Defense Departmentin six categories: mobility, C2/comms,cyber, UAS/ISR/sensors, IT/networks

and geospatial intelligence.Mobility: Marine Corps Systems Command

common handheld team

The command is developing hand-held devices that can stream full-mo-tion video and allow troops to quickly

share intelligence based on that video.Live video streaming allows troops tospot dangers such as an enemy with a

machine gun hiding around the corner.The technology allows them to alertothers, mark the enemy’s location and

modify the unit’s plan so that the adver-sary is avoided or eliminated.

C2/Comm: Battlefield Information Collec-

tion and Exploitation Systems Extended

BICES-X is an expanded version ofthe BICES backbone that links intelli-gence between partner nations. While

the original system was limited to NATOmember nations, BICES-X accommo-dates partners from other countries. It

also embraces countries that have notbeen a US partner in intelligence opera-tions at all, until they needed to be. BIC-

ES-X supports smaller-scale operationsscattered across the globe, with a rangeof coalition partners.

Cyber: Army Cyber Command

Army Cyber Command has made sig-

nificant progress in building out its cy-ber protection teams, hittingoperational milestones and maintaining

transparency. The command beganfielding the teams of highly trained sol-diers in 2015. They target emerging

threats as part of a broader, military-wide directive to fill out cyber ranks un-der US Cyber Command’s umbrella of

operations.UAS/ISR/Sensors: Navy Persistent Maritime

Unmanned Aircraft Systems program office

at Navair for the MQ-4C Triton

The MQ-4C Triton will operate in con-junction with manned aircraft and is de-

signed to identify maritime targets ofinterest, cueing a P-8 Poseidon to go inand take a closer look, a coordinated ef-

fort that will support ship interdictionand anti-submarine warfare missions.IT/Networks: Defense Information Systems

Agency/DoD milCloud

The Defense Department’s high-secu-

rity suite of cloud services, called mil-Cloud, was an in-house option only until

February, when it opened to industrywith the release of an initial RFP. Be-cause of DoD’s security needs, the con-

tractor that operates the next iterationof milCloud will have to keep the infra-structure within DoD facilities and the

system can only attach to DoD net-works. However, the contractor-operat-ed, government-owned capability will

be a large step toward an arrangementin which DoD customers pay only forwhat they use.

GEOINT: National Geospatial-Intelligence

Agency Pathfinder

Focusing on moving open-source in-

telligence to the forefront in informingoperations and sharing intel worldwidewith a range of coalition partners. Path-

finder’s goal is to help NGA navigate thecompetitive world of commercializedgeospatial intelligence, operating at an

unclassified, off-premise and telework-friendly environment. The program re-leases open-source coding projects to

the code-sharing site GitHub so that oth-ers can use and improve them. DN

ELITE 6

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Britain goes to the polls June 23 in areferendum which will decide whether

the country remains a member of the 28nation European Union or exits, a proc-ess known here as Brexit.

While a vote for staying still com-mands a lead, pollsters have been re-porting a rapid narrowing of the gap by

Brexit supporters in the last couple ofweeks.

Immigration and the economy are the

main referendum battlegrounds, butthe possible impact on security and de-fense has also grabbed the headlines.

Remaining in the EU is widely sup-ported by the defense and security busi-nesses here, and some companies,

notably Airbus, have sent letters to em-ployees outlining the reasons for con-tinued membership.

A survey published recently by theaerospace, defense and security tradebody ADS showed overwhelming sup-

port for continuing Britain’s member-ship of the EU.

Some 70 percent of defense compa-

nies and 74 percent of aerospace firmssurveyed by ADS said their preferencewas to remain part of the EU.

Remain supporters, including theChancellor George Osborne and Bankof England Governor Mark Carney,

have argued that leaving the EU wouldcause serious damage to Britain’s fu-ture economic prospects.

Chalmers said an exit would not just

be confined to Britain but have an im-

pact across the region.Britain is currently “the EU’s strong-

est military and its second largest econ-

omy so an exit could also havefar-reaching implications for the Euro-pean order more generally,” he said.

The RUSI analyst said an exit fromthe EU could result in “a strategic shiftas profound as that triggered by the

country in the late 1960s and early 1970s... when the UK withdrew the bulk of itsmilitary forces from Southeast Asia and

the Persian Gulf.”

The British are only now starting to

reverse that strategic decision with astrengthened naval presence in Bahrainand considerations of setting up a per-

manent land training base and dockingand repair facilities for Royal Navy war-ships in Oman.

Brexit campaigners argue that farfrom damaging defense capabilities, anexit from the EU would allow the UK to

return to its role as a major global pow-er.

Chalmers said there could be counter-

vailing pressures on the UK to redouble

EUROPEAN UNION

BREXIT FROM PAGE 1Britain is currently

“the EU’s strongest

military and its

second largest

economy so an exit

could also have

far-reaching

implications.”

Malcolm Chalmers, Royal UnitedServices Institute think tank

said.

“Such an agreement will be of funda-mental importance,” said Hélène Mas-son, senior research fellow at think

tank Fondation pour la Récherche Stra-tégique.

The partnership will have annual

sales of almost €2 billion (US $2.3 bil-

lion) and an order book of €9 billion,and employ more than 6,000 staff, the

companies said.

The partnership seeks to cut costs,such as buying raw materials and man-

ufacturing tools, and boost foreignsales by agreeing which products topitch. Exports account for 56 percent of

annual sales for Nexter and some 80percent for KMW, a French defense offi-

cial said.

KMW and Nexter closed the joint ven-

ture deal in December. Because the in-tergovernmental talks had been slow,

reflecting highly distinct political ap-

proaches to exports, SGDNS had sug-gested it should continue negotiating

with its German counterpart, the econ-omy ministry, rather than hold up thecorporate talks, Gautier said.

That led to a government statement ofintent when the joint venture agree-ment was announced, but progress has

been slow. France will carry on negotiating with

Germany but sees no need to hurry as

KMW and Nexter will continue to offerindependently produced products overthe interim period of the next five years,

Gautier said.

KMW and Nexter aim to jointly pro-duce a future tank to replace the French

Leclerc and German Leopard, and that

platform is expected to include a highlevel of integration of content from

each company. As a joint venture, however, the two

companies face challenges in arms ex-

ports. Germany, for example, is grap-pling with sensitivities in doingbusiness with Saudi Arabia. Germany's

minister of economic affairs, Sigmar

JOINT VENTURES

EXPORTS FROM PAGE 1

From Page One

Alexander Koerner/Getty Images

The Puma light tank is produced by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) of Germany andRheinmetall-Landsysteme (RLS). KMW’s joint venture with France’s Nexter has led thetwo countries to seek an arms exports agreement.

its commitment to European defense,in part to address concerns that exitingthe EU would risk undermining confi-

dence in NATO.The Conservative government an-

nounced its latest strategic defense and

security review last November but

Chalmers said there would be a strongcase to revisit key strategic and policychoices in the wake of an exit vote.

Provided a stable government emerg-es following the referendum, there is astrong case to begin a “new, post-Brexit

SDSR process by the end of 2016 withcompletion by the spring or summer of2017,” he said.

As things stand, a new SDSR is notscheduled until after the next election,which is currently set for May 2020.

Chalmers said the size of the shock tothe defense budget should not be over-stated and it was most likely that spend-

ing would be reduced in proportion tothe reduction in projected gross domes-tic product.

Estimates by the Treasury and othersput that at anywhere between 1 percentand 8 percent during the first three

years.The British are currently slated to

spend £178 billion, or $257 billion, on

equipment and support over the nextdecade, with the total defense budgetrising from £35 billion ($51 billion) this

year to £39 billion ($56 billion) in 2020/21. Some of the capability improve-ments will be funded out of big efficien-

cy savings planned by the MoD.Howard Wheeldon of consultants

Wheeldon Strategic says that while a

Brexit would present longer-term impli-cations for defense, the Governmenthad no room to maneuver on armed

forces and security spending.“Stay or leave, there is no room left

for cutting back on UK defense, and to

suggest that another SDSR might be re-

quired is to fail to understand that in aworld of increasing uncertainty therecan be no holiday from history. UK de-

fense and security strategy must alwaysbe based on necessity and whether welike it or not be above the pure econom-

ics of affordability,” he said. “There is little room for flexibility and

the whole [SDSR] concept relies on the

pretext of saving £11.5 billion between2016 and 2020 to pay for the enhancedcapabilities planned. The cupboard is

bare,” said Wheeldon. Whatever the pressures for spending

reductions, some key defense commit-

ments would be likely to remain un-touched.

Chalmers said these include plans for

Successor-class nuclear missile subma-rines, increased investments incounter-terrorism and cybersecurity,

and the entry into service of two newaircraft carriers now being built by aBAE Systems-led industry alliance.

What happens to the remaining pro-grams and capabilities would dependon the balance between global, Euro-

pean and domestic commitments of aBritain living outside the EU, he said.

Chalmers said a Brexit vote would

not necessarily increase the likelihoodthat Scotland would then hold anotherreferendum to leave the UK, as some

have threatened.“But the possibility of Scottish inde-

pendence, in some form, would remain

an ongoing risk to the stability of theUK’s defense arrangements,” he said.

Scotland voted in favor of remaining

in the UK in a 2014 referendum. DN

Gabriel, reported government approvalfor delivery of 23 Airbus helicopters toSaudi Arabia, and other arms deals to

Oman, United Arab Emirates, Indone-sia and Thailand. But that approval hadto be wrested when Gabriel said in Jan-

uary that Berlin may review its policytoward Riyadh after the Saudi authori-

ties executed 47 prisoners.

Complicating matters is that the Eu-

ropean parliament has voted a nonbind-ing ban of arms sales by EuropeanUnion members to Saudi Arabia, re-

sponding to concerns over civiliandeaths due to bombing in Yemen.

France, meanwhile, says it observes

international conventions and embar-goes, and sees little or no problem inselling weapons to Riyadh.

Paris has simplified its authorization

procedure, cutting bureaucracy and in-stalling an online system for applica-

tions, but the timing of an authorizationcan signal a political judgment, reflect-ing concerns over international and na-

tional risks, and sensitivities of aneighbor to the client country. If a clear-ance fails to be granted after 18 months,

that could be seen as a polite rejection.Even when an approval has been giv-

en, France can restrict the performance

of weapons, depending whether the cli-ent is a close ally or a purely commer-

cial partner.

One of the grey areas is equipment fordual civil-military use, where theSGDNS does not hold the lead authoriz-

ing role. Officials from customs, de-fense, economy, foreign and interiorministries, and intelligence agencies

gather for a monthly authorization

meeting. France last year won its largest for-

eign arms orders of €16 billion ($18 bil-lion US), up from €8.2 billion in 2014,

and hopes to garner a similar value this

year. DN


Thomas Samson/AFP/Getty Images

Members of theFrench national policeelite researchintervention groupappear at anexhibition with thegroup’s new armoredtruck named “Titus”(Tactical InfantryTransport and UtilitySystem 6x6) in Parison May 4. Titus ismanufactured byFrance’s Nexter.

Christopher Furlong/Getty Images

A Briton who supports the UnitedKingdom leaving the European Unionattends a rally in Bolton on May 25.

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About eight months ago youwrapped up your stint leadingthe Navy’s Task Force CyberAwakening, a yearlong exercise.Can you explain the goals of thatexercise?

Task Force Cyber Awakening start-

ed off with a simple email. It was anemail from the CNO [that] asked thisquestion: if anybody could charac-

terize the cyber posture across all ofour tactical platforms. And when welook to try to answer that question,

we realized that we were unable to.

We could characterize cyber riskacross specific domains, and we

could characterize cyber specifically

for IT and traditional cyber areaspretty well. But when we started to

look across all of our enterprise, wewere unable to understand what thetotal risk was across an enterprise.

Understanding that cyber presented achallenge and a risk to our capa-

bilities, we wanted to make sure that

as an organization we are working

together to solve that problem, andthat we needed to look at this

through unity of effort and an en-

terprise perspective.

The goals were three. The first goalwas to identify what did we need todo immediately, based on the threats

that we saw, based on what we un-derstood our vulnerabilities to be; toidentify the things that we need to fix

today. And we evaluated severalitems — almost 800 items valued inexcess of several hundreds of million

dollars of requirements that we need-

ed to address — and then we applieda prioritization method to determine

what were the things that we need todo right now that were most critical.

Then we worked with our other part-

ners in the acquisition world andthrough our budget shop to make

sure that we could execute those

quickly and rapidly. And we did that.The next [goal] was CYBERSAFE.

CYBERSAFE is a spin or an exten-

sion of the SUBSAFE program. Butwhat it was looking at IS our en-terprise. What were the things that

we needed to protect at all cost froma war-fighting perspective? So as wewent forward, maintain a process and

a program that could evaluate all of

our capabilities to determine what

were the things that we had to pro-

tect and that we need to assurethrough a process of procedural

compliance to make sure that those

things were protected at all times andthat we could report on them.

We looked at that through three

lenses: making sure that the acquisi-tion community understood the re-quirements that we wanted to pro-

cure against, making sure that when

we did buy them that we had theright assessment mechanism to make

sure that they aligned to those stan-dards and those specifications, and

then making sure that we could oper-

ate them going forward. The thirdpiece [required] looking at cyber

holistically. Did we have the right

organizational construct in place,should cyber and cybersecurity be anorganizing principle for the Navy? If

it’s a new war-fighting domain and

Matthew Swartz Executive Director and CommandInformation Officer, US FleetCyber Command/10th FleetThe Task Force Cyber Awakening. If you know what that is, you probably

understand the grand potential in terms of impact, and if you don’t know

what it is, you are probably intrigued by the name alone. Matthew Swartz

led the effort, which sought to nail down the true state of the Navy’s cyber

posture and now — eight months after the initiative wrapped — is putting

those lessons learned into practice.

Defense News Executive Editor Jill Aitoro sat down with Swartz after he

delivered a keynote address at the C4ISR & Networks conference in Ar-

lington, Virginia, to hear more.

just not an enabler, did we need tolook at it differently and did we need

to organize around cyber and specifi-cally cybersecurity.

The answer to that question became

yes. After the 12-month task force wedetermined that we probably did

need to look at cybersecurity, and at

least for the immediate future we

need to organize around this problemto make sure that we had unity of

effort and that we’re solving cyber

problems as an enterprise and not asindividual systems or programs. And

then as a foundation for that what we

also realized is we had a lot of greattalent and expertise across the Navy

enterprise and we wanted to bringthem together, bring the best mindsthat we had together across the Navy

to work and solve this problem to-gether. That’s the IT/IA — informationassurance — technical advisory

board, where we bring the chief engi-

neers together to make sure that

when we identify issues or concernsin this space that we’re developingstandards that are common across all

of our platforms and all of our capa-bilities. So we have that underlyingengineering approach to solving this

problem.

You have transitioned to a moreoperational role at the Navy. Howhave you taken what you’velearned from the task force androlled out initiatives?

It’s been an interesting journey. So,12 months ago I found myself looking

at this problem from a strategic lens,and trying to be the mechanism thatbrought together a lot of expertise

across our Navy enterprise strate-gically, organizationally, culturally. SoI was trying to manage that and bring

that cohesion together. After this event and after we put

those mechanisms in place where we

identified what we needed to do, andthen identified what things we had toprotect at all costs, and then making

sure they were organized appropri-ately — I moved into this operationalrole. So now I’m no longer necessar-

ily involved in the strategic discus-sion day to day, but I’m responsiblefor the operations in this domain; so,

making sure that the capabilities thatthe task force identified as a needarea, that operationally those things

were transitioning to us and that wecould have operational effectivenesswith those capabilities.

What I’ve seen in the last eightmonths [since that change] is a cohe-sion across the Navy enterprise

where we have the chief engineers,we have the systems commands, wehave the acquisition folks talking to

each other. And when we identifyproblems we find that those cyberse-curity concerns or challenges are not

unique to specific programs.

As we identify those we work as anenterprise to develop solutions to-

gether and then we’re able to takethose solutions and deploy themacross enterprise as opposed to try-

ing to solve every problem individ-ually across each system. So we’restarting to see the fruits of that labor

and we’re starting to see great pro-

gress in the space.

You mentioned in your keynotethe human element of cyberse-curity. Talk to me about whatthat is exactly.

In this journey over the last 18months or so I think what I realized is

that cybersecurity is not an engineer-ing challenge or a technology chal-lenge. Although there are difficulties

in that space and there are solutionsthat we have to develop, at the end of

the day what we realized is that there

was an organizational, cultural issuethat we need to resolve; that we need-ed to come together as an enterprise.

And as we discovered that, I thinkwhat we realized is that technology isthe terrain in which we operate and

that the people are the capability. Incybersecurity the human element isimportant. The human element is still

part of that calculus. Every day it’s

still a man in the middle business. You have to have the analysts to

look at the information and informand make recommendations or deci-sions on what to do against specific

events. We need to make sure that aswe buy technology that the people

are trained and able to use that tech-

nology to solve the challenges. If webuy technology and we don’t have theright training mechanisms behind it

then we just have technology. Wedon’t have capability. The person iswhat brings technology capability, so

we can get the effectiveness out ofthose solutions. That is the mostimportant piece in this journey as we

move forward. DN

Reza A. Marvashti

“If we buy technology

and we don’t have the

right training

mechanisms behind it

then we just have

technology. We don’t

have capability.”



Thousands of military leaders andbusiness executives will gather

in Paris next week for Eurosato-ry, one of the world’s most importantdefense trade shows. However, the

charm of a visit to “the city of lights”will be muted by worries over thepotential for terrorist attacks and

anxieties over Britain’s pending voteon whether to exit the EuropeanUnion.

That the trade show timing coin-cides with Euro 2016, a hugely popularsoccer tournament hosted by France,

serves as an eerie reminder of theNov. 13 attacks that killed 130 peoplein the French capital city. That terrible

night started with an explosion at asoccer match at the Stade de Paris.French leaders have promised the

highest security precautions will beenforced for upcoming events, butcertainly defense leaders planning to

attend Eurosatory cannot help butbelieve that terrorists would see themas high-value targets.

While security forces may providethem safety and their presence helpease their nerves, nothing much can

be done to soothe concerns about theJune 23 referendum to be held across

the English Channel, as British citi-

zens go to the polls to decide whetherthe country remains a member of the28-nation European Union.

The worries are legitimate. Opposi-tion to Britain’s exit — “Brexit” —from the EU ranges from 10 Downing

Street and around the globe to theWhite House. Defense experts, in-cluding former NATO officials and US

security officials, warn a decision to

leave the EU would weaken securityfor the British and all of Europe.

And, many experts say, it will at thesame time hurt trade, including the

defense industry.

President Obama, at a joint appear-ance last month with British Prime

Minister David Cameron, went so far

as to say UK withdrawal from the EUwould mean the “UK is going to be inthe back of the queue” on trade deals

with the US.Obama said the US would of course

consider a UK-US trade agreement,

but noted the focus would be on nego-tiating an agreement with a big bloc —the European Union.

Internally, exiting the EU could

spark spending cuts for the Britishmilitary and require a new strategicdefense and security review, accord-

ing to a report by the deputy director-general of the Royal United ServicesInstitute think tank.

Those seeking to leave the EU arerallying on concerns about the surgeof immigrants into Europe and in

belief the economy would fare betteras a fully independent nation.

Industry has been pushing back,

warning that route would in fact harmthe economy and Britain’s standing inthe world. A survey showed defense

companies overwhelmingly favorstaying in the EU. Airbus leaders sent

letters to employees that highlighted

the advantages of the status quo.Both sides of the Brexit debate cite

numbers to bolster their cases. But an

impressive roster of global economicand political leaders line up on the

side of the UK remaining in the union.

And the US and EU economies areclose rivals, meaning the Europeancountries as a group have greater

leverage in trade and security than do

standalone nations.Until the advocates for breaking

away can make a more convincingargument of the advantages of leaving

the EU, staying put remains the wiser

course.

EU Exit Arguments Are UnconvincingEDITORIAL

Ben Stansall/AFP/Getty Images

British Prime Minister David Camerondelivers a speech on “the future of theEuropean Union and Britain’s role withinit.” Cameron argues that withdrawingfrom the EU will hurt Britain’s standingwith the US.

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DefenseNews


COMMENTARY

The US military will carry out a

major modernization of itsstrategic nuclear forces in the

2020s.

It will cover all three legs of thestrategic triad.

Much of the planned program makes

sense. The long-range standoff (LRSO)— a new nuclear-armed cruise missileto outfit strategic bombers — does

not.The primary reason for the modern-

ization program is that many US stra-

tegic weapons systems are aging out,and American policy is that, as long asthere are nuclear weapons, the United

States will maintain a safe, secure androbust nuclear deterrent.

The Ohio-class ballistic missile

submarines will begin to hit the end oftheir service life in the late 2020s, andthe Navy will need new submarines.

Submarines and submarine-launchedballistic missiles (SLBMs) make upthe most survivable leg of the triad,

and they carry the bulk of deployedUS strategic warheads.

The service life of the Minuteman III

intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM) runs out in 2030. The AirForce seeks a replacement ICBM. At a

minimum, keeping an ICBM leg of thetriad would require another life exten-sion program for existing Minuteman

III missiles.As for the air-breathing leg of the

triad, the Air Force wants to procure

80 to 100 B-21 bombers. Plans are

shrouded in secrecy but reportedlywill incorporate stealth features and

advanced electronic warfare capa-bilities to allow the aircraft to pene-trate contested air space. The Air

Force is also modernizing the B61nuclear gravity bomb for use on stra-

tegic bombers.

One can and should question thePentagon’s desired numbers for theseprograms. That is especially the case

given the projected costs of strategicmodernization, which Pentagon offi-cials openly admit they do not know

how to fund. It is not clear why the United States

will need to replace 400 deployed

ICBMs on a one-for-one basis, partic-

ularly as the Air Force several years

ago was prepared to go down to 300.A force of 200-300 ICBMs would suf-fice and result in significant cost sav-

ings. Likewise, one can challenge therequirement for 12 new ballistic mis-sile submarines, as opposed to nine or

10.The biggest question, however,

arises over the LRSO, with a projected

cost of $20 billion to $30 billion. TheAir Force originally developed nucle-ar-armed air-launched cruise missiles

(ALCMs) in the 1970s because the B-52— then the mainstay of the strategicbomber fleet — presented a big target

for adversary radars. That wouldmake it hard for the aircraft to pene-trate air defenses. A B-52 armed with

ALCMs could remain outside of radarrange and release its cruise missiles.

The B-2, with its stealth features,

was designed to restore a penetratingcapability. The Air Force plans to usestealth and electronic warfare capa-

bilities to give the B-21 a penetratingcapability as well. If these bomberscan defeat and penetrate air defenses,

that makes the LRSO redundant.(Moreover, unlike in the 1970s, the AirForce today has very capable long-

range conventionally armed cruisemissiles that provide a standoff capa-bility for bombers.)

If, on the other hand, the stealth ofthe B-21 will be compromised in thenot-too-distant future, then one has to

question the wisdom of spending $60billion to $80 billion — and perhapsmore — to procure the B-21. If we

believe the B-21 would soon encounter

problems penetrating air defenses,scrap that program. Buy instead mod-

ified Boeing 767s, a variant of whichwill serve as the Air Force’s new aerialtanker, and arm them with the LRSO.

The Air Force’s evident attachmentto the B-21 suggests, however, that it

believes that the aircraft will be able

to defeat adversary air defenses forsome time to come. That means thatthe LRSO would add little capability to

the US strategic force mix.If one were to argue for the redun-

dant capability provided by the LRSO,

the number of new ALCMs that the

Pentagon proposes to purchase —1,000 to 1,100 — is difficult to un-derstand. Even allowing for extra

cruise missiles for test purposes, thenumber seems excessively high.

In its 2010 annual report to Congress

on implementation of the StrategicOffensive Arms Reduction Treaty(SORT), the State Department advised

that, as of Dec. 31, 2009, the UnitedStates had 1,968 operationally de-ployed strategic nuclear warheads.

That figure captured the actual num-ber of nuclear warheads atop SLBMsand ICBMs plus the number of nuclear

bombs and ALCMs at air bases for useby bombers.

On June 1, 2011, a State Department

fact sheet showed the number ofdeployed US strategic warheads as1,800 as of Feb. 5, 2011, when the New

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (NewSTART) went into force. A Dec. 1,2011, fact sheet provided a more de-

tailed breakdown of US strategicforces. It stated that, as of Sept. 1,

2011, the United States had 1,790 de-

ployed strategic warheads and 125deployed strategic bombers. Like

SORT, New START counts each war-

head on a deployed ballistic missile asa deployed warhead. But New STARTcounts bomber weapons differently

from SORT. New START attributeseach deployed bomber as one war-head, regardless of the number that it

can carry or the number of weapons

that may be at bomber bases.The 125 deployed bombers on Sept.

1, 2011, would have counted as 125under New START’s deployed strate-

gic warhead total. Reducing 1,790 by

125 yields 1,665 — the number of

deployed warheads then on US SLBMs

and ICBMs.Comparing the SORT and New

START numbers is a bit of an apples-

and-oranges comparison, but it givessome idea of the number of bomberweapons at US strategic bomber bas-

es. Unless there was a dramatic in-crease in the number of warheads onICBMs and SLBMs between the end of

2009 and September 2011 — and thereis no reason to think that there was —comparing SORT’s 1,968 figure (end of

2009) to the 1,665 deployed warheadson ICBMs and SLBMs (under NewSTART counting rules in September

2011) suggests some 300 nuclearbombs and ALCMs were at bomberbases. The B-2s would have been

armed with bombs, which indicates amaximum of 200-250 ALCMs. TheFederation of American Scientists

(FAS) also estimates that there areabout 300 nuclear weapons at strate-gic bomber bases, of which 200 are

nuclear-armed ALCMs. FAS believesan additional 375 ALCM airframes areheld in reserve.

This comparison raises the question:Why would 1,000-1,100 ALCM air-frames be needed to support a couple

of hundred deployed ALCMs?The United States should sensibly

modernize its strategic deterrent,

particularly in a time of tight defensebudgets. The case for the LRSO is

demonstrably weak, especially for the

planned size of the program. TheLRSO should be shelved. DN

LRSO Does Not Make Sense,Nor Do Its Proposed Numbers

Steven Pifer directs

the Brookings Arms

Control and

Non-Proliferation

Initiative.

The primary reason

for modernization is

that many US

strategic weapons

systems are aging

out, and American

policy is that, as long

as there are nuclear

weapons, the US will

maintain a safe,

secure and robust

nuclear deterrent.


Last Word

Allied countries contributed to

the assault. Aside from the U.S.,

Britain and Canada, soldiers from

Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia,

France, Greece, the Netherlands,

New Zealand, Norway and Poland also fought.

Divisions of American, British and Canadian soldiers led the

advance on 5 beaches (Utah,

Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword)

spanning 50 miles of coastline.

June 6 marks the 72nd anniversary of operations Neptune and Overlord, which began when Allied forces landed in France to stage a massive assault on deeply entrenched German positions. Warplanes struck from above while ground forces swept in from the sea. A decisive event in the European campaign of World War II, this day is remembered by another name: D-Day.

Casualties suffered by the

Allies on

D-Day, with

the U.S.

incurring the

most: 6,603

610,00012

Medal of Honor recipients participated

in D-Day and the Battle of

Normandy. Four were awarded

it specifically for their actions on D-Day,

including Brig. Gen. Theodore

Roosevelt Jr.

14Days later,

Paris was

liberated from

German

control.

80

D-DAY

ed

e of

d d

Day,

By Luke Carberry MoganSources: Army.mil, WhiteHouse.gov, the D-Day Museum, the Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient Database and PBS

The invasion paved the way for more than

100,000 Allied soldiers to advance through

German-occupied France, capturing more

than 200,000 German soldiers.

swept in from the sea. A decisive event in theEuropean campaign of World War II, this day isremembered by another name: D-Day.

Divisions of American, Britishand Canadian soldiers led the

advance on 5 beaches (Utah,

O h G ld J d S d)

Casualsuffered

Allies on

D-Day, w

the U.S

incurring

most: 6

156,000Allied troops landed in Normandy, of whom 73,000 were Americans participating in the airborne, Utah and

Omaha Beach invasions. 24,000 Allied paratroopers

and 6,939 naval vessels were deployed.

12,000Allied aircraft

participated.

Thinkstock and AP photos; Map by John Bretschneider/Staff; Design by Betsy Moore/Staff

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