2016-04-20 Presentation M. Lazauskas Final Colloquium

Heating and Cooling with Air Source Heat Pump and Air Handling Unit system for Mobile Temporary Tiny House Clusters

Where innovation starts

Student: M. Lazauskas1st advisor: prof.dr.ir. J.L.M. Hensen2nd advisor: dr. M.H. Hassan MohamedDaily advisor: PhD Stud. L. Xu

PDEng A. Papadopoulos

Final Colloquium 20-04-2016

HVAC with ASHP and AHU system forMobile Temporary Tiny House Clusters

Final Colloquium 20-04-2016 M.Lazauskas 2/28

Combined GraduationOverviewArchitecture Graduation Recap

IntroductionProject AimResearch QuestionsMethodologyCasesPerformance IndicatorsScenariosModel Validation

Existing CaseInvestigated CaseLoad Duration Curve and Coincidence FactorASHP Load Duration CurveAHU Load Duration CurvePhotovoltaic system

ResultsThermal comfort levelsLife-cycle costs

ConclusionsFurther ResearchRemarks and Questions

Contents



Combined Graduation

Overview

Investigated CaseExisting Case

Validation of the Existing Case

Analysis of the Investigated Case

Split Graduation

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

1 Year

3 Months

HVAC

Space Conditioning

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

HVAC

July 2015 April 2016Space Conditioning

Reference data

Simulated data



Combined Graduation

Architecture Graduation Recap

Concrete Canvas



Combined Graduation


Tiny Houses



Combined Graduation


Concrete Canvas Tiny Houses



Combined Graduation


Scale Models



Introduction

Growing interest in Tiny Houses*; EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirectiveIncreaseenergyefficiencyinBuiltEnvironment;

ExploreenergyefficientHVACsystemsforuseinTinyHouseClusters.

* https://www.google.com/trends/

Google Trends of the term Tiny House



Project Aim

Heijmans ONE Cluster

InvestigatethefeasibilityandpotentialbenefitsofDistrictHeatingandCoolingforTinyHouse clusters.



How does air conditioning affect thermal comfort levels in Tiny Houses?

IsRadiativeLocalUnderfloorHeatingmoreefficientthanConvectiveCentralAirSourceHeat Pump Air Handling Unit Heating in electricity consumption terms?

HowdoesUnderfloorHeatinglife-cyclecostscomparetoCentralAirSourceHeatPumpAir Handling Unit life-cycle costs?

Research Questions






Split Graduation

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

1 Year

3 Months

HVAC

Space Conditioning

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

HVAC


Reference data

Simulated data

Methodology





1 Year

3 Months

Type759

Type56 Type660

Type660

Reference data

Simulated data

Methodology

Type759

Type56

Type660

Type759

Type56

Type660

Type759

Type56

Type660

Multizone

Simple Zone with internal controls

Simple Zone with external controls



Existing Case Electric Under Floor Heating; Investigated Case Central Air Source Heat Pump and Air Handling Unit.




Split Graduation

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

1 Year

3 Months

HVAC

Space Conditioning

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

HVAC


Reference data

Simulated data




Split Graduation

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

1 Year

3 Months

HVAC

Space Conditioning

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

HVAC


Reference data

Simulated data

Methodology

Cases



Methodology

Thermal comfort levels occupied overheating and underheating hours: Overheating hours indoor temperature >28C; Underheating hours indoor temperature



n/a in Existing Case


No Underheating in Investigated Case

Methodology

Scenariosn/a in

Existing Case n/a in

Existing CaseNo Underheating in

Investigated Case

Occupied heating and cooling properties

Unoccupied heating and cooling propertiesVentilation properties



Measurements 27th of April 2015 until 15th of September 2015; Simulations2856huntil6264hwithNL-Amsterdam-Schiphol-62400.tm2weatherfile.




Split Graduation

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

1 Year

3 Months

HVAC

Space Conditioning

EnergyCarrier

EnergySource

HVAC

Space Conditioning

Reference data

Simulated data

Model Validation

Methodology

Heating demand April-September 2015



Existing CaseElectric Under Floor Heating (UFH)

Electric UFH Power 2.5 kW.



Investigated CaseCentral Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) and Air Handling Unit (AHU)

ASHP Power 15/75 (Cooling/Heating) kW; AHU Power 1.6/6.7 (Cooling/Heating) kW; PV Power 24 kW.



* **

* http://www.mpoweruk.com/grid_storage.htm** Prof. Natasa Nord Lecture of District heating at NTNU university

Investigated Case

Load Duration Curve and Coincidence Factor

Central Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) and Air Handling Unit (AHU)

7LYM30 - Building performance and energy systems simulation16

Modern Centralized Energy Systems From Economical Point of ViewCoincidence factor

+ < , + ,

Definition of coincidence factor

=,

,

n number of consumers, - the maximum power at each consumer

Consumer maximum effects do not appear at the same time

Prof. Natasa Nord. Lecture of District heating at NTNU university

Load Duration Curve Coincidence Factor

Particular load occurrence frequency; Load estimation for District Heating systems.

Maximum consumer demand does not appear at the same time: (P1+P2)max< P1,max+ P2,max

Load estimation for District Heating systems.



ASHP Peak Cooling Load (50%) 15 kW; ASHP Peak Heating Load (75%) 75 kW; Capacity reserve in a 2 m3 Buffer Tank.

Investigated Case

ASHP Load Duration Curve


Heating Load Duration Curve

Cooling Load Duration Curve

5 Central Danfoss DHP-AQ 15 kW Air Source Heat Pumps 165 h

4 h



AHU Peak Cooling Load (50%) 1.6 kW; AHU Peak Heating Load (75%) 6.7 kW; Constant Air Volume capacity modulationviafluidflowrate.

Investigated Case

AHU Load Duration Curve


Heating Load Duration Curve

Cooling Load Duration Curve

ATREA DUPLEX ECV4 ventilation unit

with Heat Recovery

ATREA TPO EC THV Water-to-Air

Heat Exchanger

150 h

4 h



PV total area 131.2 m2; PV installed power 24 kW; PV annual production 23400 kWh*; Inverters 2*12 kW.

Peak ASHP heating load 35 kW; Peak ASHP cooling load 4.3 kW; Space conditioning annual electricity; demand 21287 kWh.

* http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/

Investigated Case

Photovoltaic system


LG-300N1K-G4 300W PV panel



Results

Thermal comfort levels

Underheating in Existing Case; Lower summer indoor temperatures in Investigated Case.

Under/Over-Heating Hours



No Underheating in Investigated Case

Simulated Indoor Temperatures; Scenario No 3

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Tem

pera

ture

, [C

]

Time, [h]

Indoor Temperatures OCC-3

Existing Case OCC-3 Investigated Case OCC-3

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

3600 4100 4600 5100 5600

Tem

pera

ture

, [C

]

Time, [h]

Indoor Temperatures OCS-3

Existing Case OCS-3 Investigated Case OCS-3

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Tem

pera

ture

, [C

]

Time, [h]

Indoor Temperatures OCS-3

Existing Case OCS-3 Investigated Case OCS-3



Results

Life-cycle costs

9 years are required for Investigated Case to pay itself off.

Investigated Case payback time

9.2 yr



Results

Heat recovery system and cooling in a form of AHU (Investigated Case) increases indoor comfort levels (Summer indoor temperatures up to 3C lower and no underheating) in a Heijmans ONE.

In electricity consumption terms Investigated Case (21287.6 kWh) requires 4 times less energy than Existing Case (84403 kWh).

Investments into more capital intense Investigated Case pays off in 9 years (Running costs difference is 10000 /yr).



Conclusions

Increasing average ambient temperatures, Photovoltaic electricity coverage of heating and cooling demand and Heijmans ONE lifespan (30 years) indicates that increased indoor comfort outweighs the 9 year payoff period and Investigated Case is more futureproof design, when compared with Existing Case.

Investigated Case



Further Research

With detail TRNSYS Type56 model Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfiedindoorcomfortindicatorscanbecomputed.WithmorepreciseindoorcomfortindicatorsthesignificanceofAirConditioningduringthesummercanbebetterjudged.

In the Investigated Case its not clear how much of the space conditioning electrical energy demand is directly met by the Photovoltaic system and how much of the energy has to be exported and later re-exported (imported) from the grid. Import/Export information would be useful for designing off-grid Tiny Houses.

TheincreasingambientaverageairtemperatureinfluenceonTinyHouses.



Remarks and Questions

Image Source*

* http://www.heijmans.nl/nl/heijmans-one/

Combined GraduationOverviewArchitecture Graduation Recap

IntroductionProject AimResearch QuestionsMethodologyCasesPerformance IndicatorsScenariosModel Validation

Existing CaseInvestigated CaseLoad Duration Curve and Coincidence FactorASHP Load Duration CurveAHU Load Duration CurvePhotovoltaic system

ResultsThermal comfort levelsLife-cycle costs

ConclusionsFurther ResearchRemarks and Questions

Documents

2016-04-20 Presentation M. Lazauskas Final Colloquium