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Department ofAgriculture and Food
Bulletin 4867 Replaces Bulletin 4853
ISSN 1833 – 7236
2015/2016Viticulture spray guide
Supporting your success
Wine grapes and table grapes
1
Acknowledgements
The information contained in this Bulletin is from a collaborative effort from Department of
Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) staff and others from outside of the department.
The compilation and editing of this Bulletin was undertaken by Richard Fennessy.
Authors
Pesticide safety: Chris Sharpe
Chemical residues: Anita James
drumMUSTER and ChemClear: Graeme Passmore (drumMuster)
Safety for bees: Bill Trend
HortGuardTM: Glynn Ward
Resistance management: Alastair James (CropLife Australia)
Diseases: Andrew Taylor
Insects, mites and molluscs: Stewart Learmonth and Helen Collie
Herbicides: George Morris
Plant Growth Regulators: Colin Gordon
Cover photographs: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia
Winetitles, Dr Peter Dry, Dr Bryan Coombe are gratefully acknowledged for granting permission to use the ‘Modified E-L system for identifying major and intermediate grapevine growth stages from page 153 of Viticulture: Volume 1 – Resources – 2nd edition’, 2004, PR Dry and BG Coombe (eds).
This material may be reprinted provided that the article and the source and author(s) are acknowledged. Published by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983.
2
Disclaimer
The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. In relying on or using this document or any advice or information expressly or impliedly contained within it, you accept all risks and responsibility for loss, injury, damages, costs and other consequences of any kind whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly to you or any other person from your doing so. It is for you to obtain your own advice and conduct your own investigations and assessments of any proposals that you may be considering in light of your own circumstances. This material has been written for Western Australian conditions. Its availability does not imply suitability to other areas, and any interpretation is the responsibility of the user. The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the understanding that no preference between equivalent products is intended and that the inclusion of a product does not imply endorsement by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, over any other equivalent product from another manufacturer. Any omission of a trade name is unintentional. Inclusion of advertising in this publication should in no way be interpreted as endorsement by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia of the products and services advertised. Always read the label — Users of agricultural (or veterinary) chemical products must always read the label and any permit before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this publication. Parts of the chemical use pattern quoted in this publication are approved under permit(s) issued by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and in force at the time the publication was prepared. Persons wishing to use a chemical in the manner approved under permit should obtain a copy of the relevant permit from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and must read all the details, conditions and limitations relevant to that permit, and must comply with the details, conditions and limitations prior to use. Information in this publication was current at the time of preparation.
© Western Australian Agriculture Authority 2015
3
Bulletin 4867
Replaces Bulletin 4828
September 2015
ISSN No. 1833–7236
2015/16 Viticulture spray guide – wine grapes and table grapes
Contents
Pesticide safety ................................................................................................................................ 4
Regulations and acts ................................................................................................................... 4
Organochlorine and other chemical residues .............................................................................. 8
drumMUSTER and ChemClear® .................................................................................................. 8
Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) ......................................................... 10
Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets ......................................................... 11
Safety for bees ........................................................................................................................... 12
Pesticide resistance ....................................................................................................................... 14
CropLife Australia ...................................................................................................................... 15
Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture .............................................................. 18
HortGuardTM ................................................................................................................................... 19
Spray options ................................................................................................................................. 21
Diseases .................................................................................................................................... 21
Insects, mites and molluscs ....................................................................................................... 48
Herbicides .................................................................................................................................. 66
Plant growth regulators (PGR’s) ................................................................................................ 83
Example of a spray diary................................................................................................................ 86
Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar .............................................................................. 87
Diseases .................................................................................................................................... 87
Pests .......................................................................................................................................... 88
Modified E-L system for growth stages .......................................................................................... 89
4
Pesticide safety
Pesticide misuse can be harmful to both human and environmental health and can also impact trading relations with international markets. Regulatory standards are necessary to ensure that pesticides are used appropriately within our communities.
The Department of Health publishes ‘A guide to the use of pesticides in Western Australia’ which provides a summary of those regulations and best practices with which all users of pesticides in Western Australia must comply.
Regulations and acts
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
Regulates some aspects of the use of pesticides and veterinary medicines in agriculture, including the management of residue affected land and produce.
Provides information on the control of pests and diseases in animals and plants.
Regulates the control of declared plants and animals in agricultural and pastoral lands.
Legislation:
Agriculture and Related Resources (Spraying Restrictions) Regulations1979
Aerial Spraying Control Act 1966 (and Regulations)
Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Agriculture Standards) Regulations 2013
Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007
Department of Health
Regulates the safe use of pesticides through the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011, where it affects human health.
Regulates the supply and use of poisons through the Poisons Act 1964.
Licenses pest management technicians and registered businesses.
Provides some training and guidelines for the pest management industry.
Provides information and advice on public health control programs.
Provides toxicological advice on the human health aspects of pesticides.
Legislation:
Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011
Health Act 1911
Poisons Regulations 1965
Poisons Act 1964
5
Department of Health contacts:
Environmental Health Directorate
Tel: +61 (0)8 9388 4999
Fax: +61 (0)8 9388 4902
Email: [email protected]
Website: health.wa.gov.au
Department of Environment Regulation
Regulates waste management sites, contaminated sites, air and water quality, illegal discharge and pollution, under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
Regulates pesticide manufacturing facilities.
Regulates the transport of liquid chemical wastes including pesticide wastes.
Investigates and may take enforcement action if there is evidence of an inappropriate pesticide application which has caused environmental harm or there has been a pesticide spill which has or may cause pollution or environmental harm.
Provides guidance on chemical storage and disposal.
Legislation:
Environmental Protection (Unauthorised Discharges) Regulations 2004
Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004
Environmental Protection Act 1986
Environmental Protection Regulations 1987
Swan River Trust Act 1988
Department of Environment Regulation contacts:
Head Office
Tel: +61 (0)8 6467 5000
Fax: +61 (0)8 6467 5562
Email: [email protected]
Website: der.wa.gov.au
6
Department of Water
Protects existing and future public drinking water source areas (PDWSAS) these include underground water pollution control areas, water reserves and catchment areas.
Provides guidance on land use compatibility in PDWSAS.
Provides guidance on chemical storage, handling and disposal in PDWSAs.
Legislation:
Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage and Drainage Act 1909
Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914
Country Areas Water Supply Act 1947
Department of Water contacts:
Head Office
Tel: +61 (0)8 6364 7600
Fax: +61 (0)8 6364 7601
Email: [email protected]
Website: water.wa.gov.au
Department of Commerce (WorkSafe Division)
Regulates the workplace to ensure the safety and health of people at work.
Responds to requests to investigate possible breaches of the legislation.
Provides information to employers and employees on occupational safety matters.
Promotes awareness of occupational safety matters to the community.
Legislation:
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996
WorkSafe contacts:
Head Office
Tel: 1300 30 78 77
Email: [email protected]
Website: commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe
7
Department of Mines and Petroleum
Regulates the storage, handling and transport of dangerous goods (including pesticides) to minimise the risk to people property and the environment.
Responds to dangerous goods incidents and emergencies.
Investigates possible breaches of the legislation.
Contributes to the development and implementation of national dangerous goods safety policy and legislation.
Provides information and promotes awareness of dangerous goods safety matters to industry, government and the community.
Legislation:
Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004
Dangerous Goods Safety Regulations 2007
Department of Mines and Petroleum contacts:
Head Office
Tel: +61 (0)8 9358 8001
Fax: +61 (0)8 9358 8000
Email: [email protected]
Website: dmp.wa.gov.au
Chemistry Centre Western Australia
Provides chemical analytical support to the government, industry, academia and the community.
Conducts research into chemical analytical methods.
Provides advice on the chemistry of pesticides and other chemicals, and how they behave in soil, water, air and other substrates.
Assists other government agencies with the management of chemical spillages, residues in foods and environmental contamination.
ChemCentre contacts:
Head Office
Tel: +61 (0)8 9422 9800 Fax: +61 (0)8 9422 9801 Email: [email protected] Website: chemcentre.wa.gov.au
8
Organochlorine and other chemical residues
Orchards and old orchard sites are often contaminated with organochlorine pesticides such as dieldrin, heptachlor and DDT, which slowly break down in the soil. There is a danger that grazing animals, particularly cattle and poultry, will become contaminated with these pesticides and have meat and/or eggs high in residues. Areas of old orchard that have been planted to grapes and may be grazed by cattle, sheep or poultry can be soil tested to determine if there is a contamination risk from grazing these areas.
In addition to the risk posed by organochlorines, there may also be risks of pesticide residues in grazing animals from other pesticides that have been used in the past or are being used for pest control in the vineyard. Some examples of pesticide risk include poultry feeding on contaminated adult garden weevils or on baits used to manage European earwig or wingless grasshoppers.
Details concerning chickens, eggs and organochlorines; and sheep and organochlorine residues can be found on the DAFWA website.
Further information or queries on pesticide residue risks to grazing animals can be made to Anita James at the Department of Agriculture and Food, Bunbury on +61 (0)8 9780 6100.
drumMUSTER and ChemClear®
drumMUSTER and ChemClear® are important industry stewardship programs run by Agsafe as part of the Industry Waste Reduction Scheme (IWRS).
Agsafe works with governments, farmer groups, communities, local government and regulatory authorities involved in the disposal of agvet chemicals and containers to further develop and expand the success of the two programs.
IWRS is a joint venture of CropLife Australia, Animal Medicines Australia, Veterinary Manufacturers and Distributors Association, National Farmers’ Federation and the Australian Local Government Association.
drumMUSTER is the national program for the collection and recycling of empty, clean, non-returnable metal and plastic farm chemical containers.
Chemical users throughout Australia are encouraged to deliver their drums to one of 790 drumMUSTER collection sites on designated collection days.
Trained inspectors receive and examine each drum onsite to ensure that every container delivered is free of chemical residue and therefore safe to transport and recycle. Metal drums should be punctured from the top through the bottom and lids removed from all containers.
Each container delivered to drumMUSTER is shredded or granulated and transformed into new products including road signs, irrigation piping, plant stakes, plastic cable covers and outdoor furniture.
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The drumMUSTER program offers many benefits:
It is an environmentally responsible solution for chemical users to dispose of their empty containers.
Helps property owners keep their farms free of potential contamination.
Encourages good farming practice.
Provides documentation for chemical users to meet the requirements of quality assurance programs.
Supports the preservation of the environment.
ChemClear® is the national program for collection and disposal of unwanted or unknown chemicals. The program’s objective is to minimise the accumulation of unwanted chemicals on farms which may create potential risks to the environment, public health and trade.
Two categories of agvet chemicals are collected by ChemClear®:
Group 1 chemicals are currently registered products manufactured by participating companies signed to the Industry Waste Reduction Agreement. These products are collected free of charge.
Group 2 chemicals are products manufactured by non-participating companies, deregistered, unknown, mixed or out-of-date products. A fee for collection applies.
The service is easy to use:
Waste holders are required to take an inventory of their unwanted chemicals and register them for collection by phoning a toll-free number or completing an online form (details below).
Once the booking is lodged and confirmed, waste holders continue to store their products until a collection in their area is scheduled.
Collections are state-based and routes are planned when registered bookings reach a quantity threshold.
Collections are undertaken in the registered waste holder’s shire council area.
Prior to a collection, registered waste holders are contacted and advised of the retrieval location and date. An appointment time is also negotiated.
Waste holders are required to transport their chemicals to their nominated collection site and meet the ChemClear® retrieval vehicle.
For more information about the programs contact:
drumMUSTER
GPO Box 816
Canberra ACT 2601
Tel: +61 (0)2 6230 6712 Fax: +61 (0)2 6230 6713 Email: [email protected] Website: drummuster.com.au
ChemClear®
GPO Box 816
Canberra City ACT 2601
Tel: +61 (0)2 6230 4799 Free call: 1800 008 182 Fax: +61 (0)2 6230 6710 Email: [email protected] Website: chemclear.com.au
10
Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs)
Use of agricultural chemicals may leave residues on fruit. The level of residue that remains at harvest depends on the chemical, the formulation, application rate, method of application, time and number of treatments, use of adjuvants, the interval since the last application and climatic conditions.
Limits for these residues are determined in various countries by health authorities. These limits are called Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and are set to ensure correct use of pesticides (good agricultural practice) and to prevent consumers from taking in excessive residues. Grape growers are responsible to ensure that grapes they sell do not exceed MRLs for the chemicals they apply.
Label rates for horticultural chemicals have been calculated so that, provided the label rate is followed and withholding periods observed, Australian MRLs are not exceeded. The withholding period for a particular pesticide is the minimum time between when the crop is last sprayed and when it is picked. This withholding period may vary for different crops.
A withholding period of seven days means that the grower must wait for seven days between the last application of the pesticide and before the crop is picked. Growers applying chemicals at the correct rate and observing the withholding period before harvest should produce fruit with residues lower than the MRL for Australia.
Growers involved in production of grapes or wine for export should be aware that other countries may have different or no MRLs for chemicals used in Australia. If the importing country has a lower MRL than the Australian MRL, longer withholding periods or changed rates of application may be necessary. If the importing country has no MRL set for a chemical used in Australia, that chemical should not be applied to the crop as any detectable residue on the fruit will be unacceptable.
Growers exporting grapes or wine should contact their exporters, winery or the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) before spraying to ensure that MRLs in the export markets are not exceeded. Refer to the AWRI webpage on MRLs for further information.
11
Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets
Chemical labels — A chemical label is a legally binding document. To use a product other than in the manner specified on the label is permitted only in situations described as ‘low risk use’.
Permits — In special cases a product may be used in a manner different to that specified on the label by obtaining a ‘permit’ from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Various types of permits are available:
Permit to export unapproved active constituent or unregistered product.
Permit where a previous assessment remains valid (renewal).
Permit for minor use.
Permit for emergency use.
Permit for research or other miscellaneous permit.
In the section on Spray options for the various commodity groups, some chemicals listed for use in WA vineyards are under an APVMA permit for minor use. For such chemicals, the permit number and expiry date are listed in the comments column. Copies of permits for minor use are available from the website apvma.gov.au.
For enquiries on a permit for minor use contact:
Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
PO Box E240 Kingston ACT 2604
Tel: +61 (0)2 6210 4700
Email: [email protected]
Website: apvma.gov.au
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) — are available for each chemical to supplement the information provided on the label. They are not part of, nor a substitute for, the chemical label. Any farm chemical handled or stored on a property must have an up-to-date MSDS available on the premises in a known location.
The Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 require that an MSDS be supplied at the first sale of a hazardous chemical and thereafter upon request. The MSDS of a chemical must be shown to any persons employed on that property, prior to using the product.
These sheets are available from chemical company websites. One website that stores a large number is MSDS Australia at msds.com.au.
12
Regulation change – low risk new pesticide uses
As published in the WA Government Gazette, 1 February 2011 No. 14, The Health Department of WA has modified the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 1956 to provide a more flexible approach for agricultural pesticide use, particularly in relation to low risk uses.
These amendments relate to Regulation 87 of the new regulations that allow the following practices, in agricultural situations only:
Use of a pesticide for an unspecified pest on a registered crop.
Use of a pesticide at a lower frequency than that shown on the label.
Use of a pesticide at a lower rate of application than that shown on the label.
Use of a pesticide for a crop/pest combination registered in another jurisdiction, provided the pesticide is registered for use in Western Australia and the label does not prohibit the use in Western Australia.
For any queries on this contact:
Chris Sharpe, Chemical Coordinator
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983
Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3815
Mob: +61 (0)427 193 838
Fax: +61 (0)8 9474 2408
Email: [email protected]
Safety for bees
Bees actively foraging on flowers either in the crop or on ground covers may be adversely affected by insecticide applications. The time of application and insecticide used will influence the level of damage. Some insecticides have very low toxicity to bees and are able to be applied even when the bees are foraging. Other short residual insecticides will be safe to bees if applied in the evening or at night when the bees are not foraging. More persistent insecticides may remain toxic to bees well after application.
Foraging bees may bring contaminated pollen or nectar back to the hive. This is fed to the house bees which then feed the larvae and queen. In this way the whole colony may be killed.
Symptoms of bee toxicity vary:
There may be a sticky mass of bees dying in front of the hive.
Bees may move very slowly.
Bees may exhibit strange and aggressive behaviour.
The insecticide carbaryl is very toxic to bees and carbaryl-contaminated pollen may remain toxic for up to eight months when stored in the hive.
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Food safety – Beekeepers in districts where vineyards are located in forest areas will be sourcing honey from eucalypts and in some instances the bees will be attracted to ground flora (weeds) from properties and this nectar will be collected and stored as honey within the hive and harvested and sold for human consumption. Sub-lethal levels of chemical can enter the food chain in this way.
Be aware of the bee toxicity rating of any pesticide used and whether bee hives are located near the vineyard. Advise the beekeeper before toxic chemicals are applied.
Pesticide application
The good work of monitoring for pests to decide on the need for and timing of pesticide application, and correct selection of a pesticide to control the pest, will be negated by poor application technique. When using pesticides to control pests and diseases, and herbicides to control weeds, it is essential that these be applied safely and effectively.
Incorrect spray application can result in major pesticide wastage or phytotoxicity. Pesticide wastage or over-spraying may result in residues that exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL), is costly and detrimental to the environment.
Correct calibration of a sprayer is essential to apply the chemical at the label rate and to get maximum efficiency of coverage of the target.
The DAFWA website has additional information on calibrating spray equipment and herbicide application methods.
Useful links
Phenoxy (hormone-like) herbicides have the potential to cause off-target spray damage to vineyards. See the link for details concerning the regulations, duty of care and formulations of phenoxy herbicide applications in WA.
Users of herbicides need to be aware of the legal aspects of herbicide application, follow the link for further information.
Found an unusual pest or disease in your vineyard that you can’t identify? The DAFWA Pest and Disease Identification Service (PaDis) provides advisory and identification services on animal and plant pests, weeds and diseases that impact Western Australia’s agriculture and food industries.
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Pesticide resistance
What is pesticide resistance?
Most pest and disease populations have a very small number of individuals that are resistant to a given pesticide. Frequent use of the same pesticide kills susceptible individuals but leaves the resistant ones and therefore selects a strain of the pest or disease that contains an increasing number of resistant individuals. Once this resistant proportion reaches a critical level, the lack of control ultimately renders that pesticide useless. This is known as resistance.
What pesticides are prone to resistance?
All pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, miticides and fungicides) are prone to resistance but miticides and some of the fungicides are most at risk. This is because mites and fungi are usually resident in orchards and have a short life cycle. These attributes favour the rapid selection of resistant individuals if pesticide use is heavy.
Many of the new generation fungicides were developed for a specific disease and have a very specific mode of action. This means that they often have only single-site activity. Many of the older fungicides have multi-site activity and as a consequence the newer fungicides are more prone to the diseases developing resistance to them.
If the same fungicide is used repeatedly it will allow the resistant spores to multiply until almost all spores are resistant and unaffected by the fungicide. Often when a disease becomes resistant to a particular fungicide it is resistant to other fungicides in the same activity group. The DAFWA webpage on herbicide resistance offers further detail.
How do I avoid or delay resistance?
All new pesticide products have resistance management strategies included on the label. It is important that pesticides are applied using the correct dilutions and application rate and that the resistance management guidelines given on the label are followed.
Some of the key factors to avoid or delay resistance are based on the principles of Integrated Pest Management and include:
● Predators — There may be opportunity to introduce predators for pest control or suppression. This may reduce the pest to a level where a pesticide is not required or reduce the number of sprays required. Also be aware of any other pesticides that are harmful to predators, either natural or introduced. If available, select pesticides that are least harmful to natural enemies.
● Cultural control methods — Using such techniques as vineyard hygiene can reduce the pest population and subsequently reduce exposure to pesticide.
● Pest monitoring — This will determine when a pest or disease is present and help decide whether a spray is required, and if required, the optimum time to apply it.
● Pesticide use — Many pesticides are listed to be used only a specific number of times in a season. Some miticides should only be used once per season. If multiple sprays are required then alternate between different activity groups.
15
CropLife Australia
CropLife Australia represents the developers, registrants, manufacturers and formulators of plant science solutions for use in agriculture and the management of pests in other settings. This group has developed Pesticide Resistance Management Strategies and Activity Group Identification to assist in reducing the development of resistance to pesticides for a range of agricultural pests.
The following CropLife Australia information identifies the resistance management strategies for fungicides that are at risk and are used in viticulture. These strategies were developed by the CropLife Australia Fungicide Resistance Management Review Group and industry researchers.
The strategies are a guide only and do not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information. Readers should check with the Australian regulator’s (APVMA) product data base for contemporary information on products and actives. The data base can be sourced through apvma.gov.au. The information given in the strategies is provided in good faith and without any liability for loss or damage suffered as a result of its application and use.
Advice given in these strategies is valid as at 25 June 2015. All previous versions of this strategy are invalid.
Downy mildew
Fungicide activity group(s)
Group 4
(phenylamide)
Group 11
(quinone outside inhibitor)
Group 40
(carboxylic acid amide)
Resistance management strategy
1. Start disease control sprays using a protectant or non-phenylamide fungicide and continue spraying at intervals of 7−21 days depending on disease pressure and rate of grapevine growth, typically when the shoots are 10cm (E-L 12 stage) or longer.
2. When conditions favour disease development, apply two consecutive sprays of a Group 4 product. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 4 product. Do not apply more than four sprays of a Group 4 product per season.
3. Do not apply more than three consecutive sprays of a Group 40 fungicide, and no more than a total of six sprays per season.
4. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 fungicides. If two consecutive applications of Group 11 fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s), before a Group 11 fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season.
5. Apply Group 11 fungicides preventatively.
6. Apply a maximum of two consecutive applications in alternation with fungicides from a different Mode Of Action group with satisfactory efficacy against the target pathogen/s.
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Powdery mildew
Fungicide activity group(s)
Group 3
(DMI)
Group 5
(amine)
Group 7
(succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitors)
Group 11
(quinone outside inhibitor)
Group 13
(aza-napthalenenes)
Group U6
(phenyl-acetamide)
Group U8
(actin inhibitor)
Resistance management strategy
1. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 3 or Group U6 fungicide.
Do not apply more than three Group 3 sprays per season.
Do not use Group 3 fungicides curatively.
2. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 5 fungicide.
Do not apply more than three Group 5 sprays per season.
3. Do not apply consecutive sprays of Group 7 fungicides, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.
Do not apply more than three Group 7 sprays per season.
4. Apply Group 11 and other systemic fungicides preventatively.
5. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 or Group U6 fungicides.
6. Where Group 11 products have been routinely used for many seasons, field research indicates there is an increased risk of powdery mildew resistance to Group 11 fungicides occurring. To ensure continued protection against powdery mildew in these circumstances, either abstain from using Group 11s or mix Group 11 fungicides with a registered rate of a compound from an alternative chemical group for the control of powdery mildew in grapes.
7. Alternatively, if applied alone, Group 11 fungicides should be used in strict alternation with fungicides from an alternative chemical group for the control of powdery mildew in grapes.
8. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays of a Group 13 fungicide.
Do not apply more than three Group 13 sprays per season.
17
Grey mould (bunch rot)
Fungicide activity group(s)
Group 2
(dicarboximide)
Group 7
(succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitors)
Group 9 (anilinopyrimidine)
and combinations of Group 9
and Group 12 (phenylpyrroles)
Group 11 (quinone outside
inhibitor) and combinations of
Group 11 and Group 3 (DMI)
Group 17 (hydroxyanilide)
Resistance management strategy
1. If three or fewer bunch rot sprays are applied in a season, use no more than one spray from the same fungicide group during the season, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12), 11 (including combinations with Group 3), 17 or 7 fungicides.
2. If four or more bunch rot sprays are applied in a season, use no more than two sprays from the same fungicide group during the season, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12), 11 (including combinations with Group 3), 17 or 7 fungicides.
3. Do not apply more than two consecutive sprays from the same fungicide group, for any Group 2, 9 (including combinations with Group 12) or Group 17 fungicide, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.
4. Do not apply consecutive sprays of Group 7 fungicides, including from the end of one season to the start of the following season.
5. Do not apply more than two sprays per season of Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicides. If two consecutive applications of Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicides are used, then they must be followed by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s) before a Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicide is used again, either in the current or following season.
6. If a Group 11 fungicide is used solo, it should only be used in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross-resistance group.
7. If resistance to a fungicide group has been detected, only use that fungicide group in mixtures or in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross resistance group. A fungicide group that has been applied as the final application of the season should not be the first fungicide in the following season.
8. Do not apply fungicides curatively.
9. Late season fungicide treatments should be applied before Botrytis infection reaches unacceptably high levels in the vineyard.
18
Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture
The AWRI produces an annual publication titled Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’. This provides information on agrochemicals for use in the production of grapes for export wine, and any restriction on their use.
The booklet is distributed free to all wineries that pay the wine research levy but can also be freely accessed from the AWRI agrochemicals webpage. Growers are recommended to utilise this publication through the app or online search function so to ensure information is up-to-date.
19
HortGuardTM
HortGuardTM is an initiative of the Western Australian Government to protect the $719 million horticultural industry from major pests and diseases.
It is a coordinated, cooperative and strategic approach between industry and government to protect WA's horticulture and viticulture industries by minimising threats to production and markets from regional quarantine pests or diseases to the State. Regional threats are pests or diseases of potential economic importance to WA that are present in other Australian states but absent in WA. Exotic pests or diseases to Australia that are threats to viticulture are managed under the National Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Plan and the Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed, which are administered by Plant Health Australia.
HortGuardTM focuses on the key areas of surveillance, early reporting and preparedness. Effective control of any pest or disease requires early detection, correct identification and decisive management planning. Training staff to report unusual pests and diseases, and seek professional advice on control techniques are the first steps in pest and disease management.
HortGuardTM focuses on seven key strategies:
threat identification and risk assessment
barrier quarantine
surveillance
incident response
containment, eradication and management
research and development
communications and training.
The Horticulture Industry Biosecurity Committee operating under HortGuardTM provides a forum for WA horticulture industries and DAFWA to consult on matters that relate to biosecurity, chemical residues and market access issues.
AGWEST Plant Laboratories provide commercial agricultural testing services to assist in the identification of pests, diseases and weeds.
The MyPestGuide - grapes ‘app’ is an e-surveillance tool being developed for pest and disease identification and reporting. It will be available for both AppleTM and GoogleTM based mobile phones and tablets from January 2016. Images of the pest or disease can be submitted electronically for identification by experts through DAFWA.
Industry is encouraged to report any suspect issues via the MyPestGuide – grapes app (when available) or to the points of contact below:
Industry Wines of Western Australia
Larry Jorgensen, CEO
PO Box 2091, Claremont North WA 6010
Tel: +61 (0)8 9284 3355 Fax: +61 (0)8 9284 4211 Email: [email protected] Website: winewa.asn.au
20
Government Department of Agriculture and Food,
John van Schagen, Chief Plant Quarantine Officer
Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983
Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3765
Mob: +61 (0)404 819 515
Fax: +61 (0)8 9474 2405
Email: [email protected]
For enquiries about HortGuardTM contact:
Bill Trend, Policy Officer
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
Locked Bag 4
Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983
Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3535
Mob: +61 (0)437 995 808
Fax: +61 (0)8 9367 6248
Email: [email protected]
21
Spray options
Diseases
* Restriction on use for wine grapes. This information is based on the 2015 ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 15/16, by M
Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, May 2015.
** Rate - Please refer to product labels as many products have concentrate spraying details on the Mixing/Application section of the label.
*** Organic production under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. However, some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the
inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.
N/R – not required when used as directed.
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola)
Group 29 fungicides unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)
fluazinam Shirlan Gem Emblem
100mL/100L N/R Dormant spray only.
If symptoms of Phomopsis are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory to identify if it is Phomopsis or Diaporthe or from another cause before any chemical treatments are applied. Dormant spray only Gem and Shirlan have a 32 day re-entry period.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.
150-200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb Penncozeb 420 SC Mancoflo 420 SC
250–350ml/100L 30 (table grapes)
14 (wine grapes)
Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur. Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.
22
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
metiram Polyram DF 150–200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10 mm in diameter.
Group M1 + M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic
Novofix Disperss 300–350g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper sulphate tribasic after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)
captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG
125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines. Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG
110g/100L
Refer to label for compatibility options with other chemicals. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group 4 and M4
fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)
metalaxyl and captan
Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)
dithianon Delan 700 WG Dragon 700 WG
50–75g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Table grapes (Red Globe): dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.
23
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina)
Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)
copper oxychloride
Copper oxychloride WP Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP
500g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper oxychloride after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M1 + M3
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)
copper hydroxide and mancozeb
Mankocide DF 200-400g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.
200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Kendon Mancozeb 750 DF Kendon Mancozeb 800 KDpc Mancozeb 800 WP
200g/100L or 2–3kg/ha
14
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
24
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
thiram Thiragranz Thiram DG Thiram 800 WG Thiram WP
150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain thiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
ziram Ziragranz Ziram DG Ziram WG Ziram Granuflo
150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain ziram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group 4 + M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
benalaxyl and mancozeb
Galben M 280g/100L or
before flowering 1.9–2.8kg/ha
after flowering 2.8kg/ha
14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)
captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG
125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines.
Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)
Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG
110g/100L
Group 4 and M4
fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)
metalaxyl and captan
Duplex WG 300g/100L
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
25
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)
chlorothalonil
Fung-o-nil 500 Elect 500 Whack 500
300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)
14 (wine grapes)
Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn
size (4 mm diameter).
Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.
210mL/100L
Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.
175g/100L
Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.
Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity Quinone (anthraquinone)
dithianon Delan 700 WG Dragon 700 WG
50g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
Group 4 + M1
fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (inorganic)
metalaxyl-M and copper hydroxide
Ridomil Gold Plus Before flowering 150–225g/100L
After flowering 225g/100L
7 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Axiom Plus Copper Plus Medley Plus Zeemil Plus Metalaxyl and copper oxychloride WP
150g/100L or
before flowering 1-1.5kg/ha
after flowering 1.5kg/ha
Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
26
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor
DMI (triazole) and
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)
tebuconazole and azoxystrobin
Custodia Dilute spraying:
100mL/100L
Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha
28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy acrylate)
azoxystrobin
Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient
75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG
23.5–31.5g/100L
Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG
37.5–50g/100L
Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L
Pre-infection only
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)
trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG (suppression only)
15g/100L 35 Use no later than E-L stage 31, berries pea-size (7mm
diameter).
Pre-infection and Suppression only
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)
pyraclostrobin
Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic
surfactant)
21 Use no later than E-L 31 berries pea-size (7mm
diameter). Do not use within 63 days of harvest.
Cabrio 40mL/100L
Pre-infection only.
27
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 33 fungicides phosphonates
phosphorous acid
Fungi-Fos 400 pH 7.2
300mL/100L N/R
Not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.
Phospot 400 pH 7.2
Phospot 400 Aus-Phoz pH 7.2
Phos Phyt 400
Phozguard 400
300mL/100L
3L/ha early season/small
canopies
Rutec Fungi-Fos 400 3L/ha early season/small
canopies
Various registered products containing: 600g/L phosphorous acid present as the mono and di potassium phosponate.
2L/ha early season/small
canopies
2.7–4L/ha mid–late season/large
canopies
Sprayphos 620 1.9L/ha early season/small
canopies.
2.6–3.9L/ha mid–late
season/large canopies
Fosphite 2.6L/ha early season/small
canopies
3.5-5.2L/ha mid–late season/large
canopies
28
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Phostrol 500 2.4L/ha early season/small
canopies
3.25-4.8L/ha mid–late season/large
canopies
Post-infection only
Apply as soon as possible after the infection event and before oil spots appear. Wine grapes: It is advised to contact your winery or grape purchaser prior to the application of any phosphorous acid spray. Table grapes: Phosphorus acid products are recommended for control of downy mildew where sprays need to be applied after berries reach 10mm diameter. Other products may leave unsightly residues on the berries through to harvest.
Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (cinnamic acid amides)
dimethomorph Acrobat SC
Dilute spraying 36mL/100L +
mancozeb (150g/100L of
mancozeb 800 or 160g/100L
mancozeb 750) or + Polyram at 150–
200g/ 100L
28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Sphinx Downright
Dilute spraying 36mL/100L +
mancozeb (120g/100L of
mancozeb 800 or 160g/100L
mancozeb 750) or + Polyram at 150–
200g/ 100L
Pre-infection only
Dilute spraying apply with mancozeb.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain dimethomorph or mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
29
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (mandelic acid amides)
mandiprop-amid
Revus Refer to label N/R Use no later than E-L 26, capfall complete.
Group 45 and 40
fungicides QoSI (triazolo-pyrimidylamine) and carboxylic acid amides
ametoctradin and dimethomorph
Zampro 80mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre-infection only
Group M and M
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)
hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***
Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.
Suppression only. Do not mix with any other pesticides. Peratec Plus fungicide is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.
30
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)
copper oxychloride
Various registered products containing: 500g/kg copper oxychloride as the only active ingredient
250g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Barmac Copper Oxychloride
250g/100L or 2.5kg/ha
Copper Oxychloride 500 WP Oxydul DF Cobox 500 WP Curenox 500 WP
250–400g/100L
Isacop 375 WG Neoram 375 WG
270g/100L
Coppox WG 200g/100L
copper ammonium acetate complex
Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)
28 (wine grapes)
copper ammonium complex
Copperguard Liquicop
500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)
28 (wine grapes)
copper octanoate
Tricop 1L/100L 1
31
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
cuprous oxide***
Red copper WG 150–195g/100L
Nordox 750 WG 100–130g/100L
copper sulphate tribasic***
Tri-Base Blue Tribasic liquid
250–350mL/100L
Bordeaux WG 250-350g/100L
Cuprofix Disperss 250–400g/100L
copper hydroxide***
Kocide Opti 80–115g/100L
Hydrocop 95–135g/100L
Champ 500WG 95–131g/100L
Vitra 400 WG 115–165g/100L
Kocide Blue Xtra 135–190g/100L
Champ flowable 350 135–190mL/100L
Cung Fu 350 SC 140–200mL/100L
Blue Shield DF 180–250g/100L
Champ Dry Prill 125–175g/100L
copper oxychloride and sulphur
Mildex WG 300−400g/100L
or
3-4kgs/ha
30
mancozeb and copper hydroxide
Mankocide DF 200–400g/100L 14
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
32
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M1 and M3
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic
Novofix Disperss Copman DF
300–350g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
metalaxy-M and mancozeb
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre- and post-infection
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm diameter. Minor phytotoxic reactions on some varieties may occur under certain conditions.
Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
metalaxyl and mancozeb
Axiom MZ 720 Maxyl Zee-mil 720 Metal-Man MZ 720 Milor 720 WP
250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
metalaxyl and mancozeb
Max MZ 500mL/100L Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
benalaxyl and mancozeb
Galben M 280g/100L or before flowering
1.9–2.8kg/ha, after flowering
2.8kg/ha
Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
33
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
propineb and oxadixyl
Rebound WP 250g/100L 3 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain oxadixyl after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb Penncozeb 420 SC Mancoflo 420 SC
250–350mL/100L 30 (table grapes)
14 (wine grapes)
Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.
Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.
200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)
zineb Zineb 150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain zineb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
34
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 4 and M4
fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)
metalaxyl and captan
Duplex WG 200-300g/L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines.
Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)
captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG
125g/100L
Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG
110g/100L
Pre- and post-infection Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter. Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.
Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)
chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Whack 500 230-300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)
14 (wine grapes)
Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn
size (4 mm diameter). Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720
210mL/100L
Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient
160–210mL/100L
Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient
1.8–2.3L/ha
Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient
1.5–1.9kg/ha
Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.
35
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)
dithianon Delan 700 WG
50g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha
at shoots 10–15cm long and a
minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)
21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Dragon 700 WG 25g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha
at shoots 10–15cm long and a
minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)
Pre-infection only
Table grapes (Red Globe): dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.
Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)
Group 2 fungicides dicarboximide (dicarboximide)
iprodione Various registered products containing: 500g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.
100mL/100L 7 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.
Consult your winery or grape purchaser before spraying within 30 days of harvest.
Corvette Liquid Chief 250 Iprodione Liquid 250 Rovral Liquid Ipral 250 Iprin 250 Iprodione 250
200mL/100L
Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor
DMI (triazole) and
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)
tebuconazole and azoxystrobin
Custodia Dilute spraying
100mL/100L
Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha
28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
36
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)
boscalid Filan 100–120g/ 100L 28
Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by
livestock.
Not recommended for use on grapes destined for
export wines.
Patron 120g/100L
Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to applying any boscalid spray.
Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamides)
fluopyram Luna Privilege 40mL/100L 7 Not registered for wine grapes.
This product is currently only registered for table grapes. Wine grape registration pending.
Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine
pyrimethanil Pyrus 400 SC Scala Protector 400 SC
Dilute spraying 200mL/100L
water (max 2L/ha)
Concentrate spraying Flowering:
1.5–2.0L/ha Post-flowering:
2.0L/ha
7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
pyrimethanil Predict 600 SC Dilute spraying 133mL/100L
water (max 1.33L/ha)
Concentrate spraying Flowering:
1–1.33L/ha Post-flowering:
1.33L/ha
Table grapes only: use Scala between colour change and harvest, should rain occur during this period. Best results apply before rain. Scala applied after rain will be less effective. Thorough coverage of bunches is critical. White residue may be visible on the berries after spraying, but disappears with time.
37
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine
cyprodinil Solaris 300 EC 100mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use
within 60 days of harvest.
Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L29.
Group 9 and 12
fungicides anilinopyrimidine and phenylpyrrole
cyprodinil/ fludioxonil
Switch Dilute spraying: 80g/100L
Concentrate spraying: 800g/ha
28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use
within 60 days of harvest.
See label for further comments to use.
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)
azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient
75–100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG
23.5–31.5g/100L
Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG
37.5–50g/100L
Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L
Do not use azoxystrobin alone for Botrytis control at critical times.
38
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 17 fungicides SBI:Class III (hydroxyanilide)
fenhexamid Teldor 500 SC 100mL/100L 21 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Table grapes: If Teldor 500 SC is used between colour change and harvest, white residue may be visible on the berries. If the fruit is cool-stored this residue may disappear.
Group M and M
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)
hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***
Peracetic acid
Peroxy treat 1-2L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days
before harvest.
Peratec Plus 1L/100L
Suppression only
Do not mix with any other pesticides.
Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.
Group 4 and M4
fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)
metalaxyl and captan
Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines.
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.
Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)
captan
Captan Captan 800 WG
125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined
for export wines. Captan 900 WG Capitaine 900 WG
110g/100L
Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
39
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)
chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Whack 500 230–300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)
14 (wine grapes)
Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn
size (4 mm diameter). Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720
210mL/100L
Various products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.
160–210mL/100L
Echo 720 Aprisco Chemtura chlorothalonil
1.8–2.3L/ha
Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient
1.5–1.9kg/ha
Pre-infection only
Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil.
Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.
Not classified potassium salts of fatty acids***
ecoprotector 20L/ha in 500–1000L
14 Use no later than 14 days before harvest.
Compatible with copper hydroxide and sulphur fungicides. Do not add other pesticides.
40
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)
Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor
DMI (pyrimidine)
fenarimol Rubigan SC 10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than 35 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
Some DMIs are not compatible with copper-based products; refer to label.
Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor
DMI (triazole)
hexaconazole Viva 300mL/ha (low-med volume)
30mL/100L (high volume)
21 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
hexaconazole Hex 50SC 30mL/100L
21
myclobutanil Mycloss Xtra 16mL/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
penconazole Topas 100 EC 12.5mL/100L Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size. Do not use
within 60 days of harvest.
tebuconazole Laguna Xtreme 800 WG 11.5g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Tebuconazole 800 WG 16g/100L
Tebuconazole 750 WDG 17.2g/100L
Folicur 430 SC Orius 430 SC Tebuconazole 430 SC Zolo 430 SC Launch Tebucon 430 SC Toledo 430 SC
30mL/100L
tetraconazole Domark 40 ME 30mL/100L 14 Use no later than E−L 31,
41
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Mettle 40 ME berries pea-size (7mm diameter). Do not use within
60 days of harvest.
triadimenol Triadimenol 250 EC Tridim 250 EC Axidime 250 EC Triad
10mL/100L or 10mL/ha
7 Use no later than 35 days before harvest.
Bayfidan 250 EC 10mL/100L
Allitron 7mL/100L
triadimefon Slingshot fungicide Triad 125 Triadimefon 125
20mL/100L 14
Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor
DMI (triazole) and
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)
tebuconazole and azoxystrobin
Custodia Dilute spraying:
65 or 100mL/100L
Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha
28 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Pre-infection only
Group 5 fungicides amines morpholines (spiroketalamine)
spiroxamine Prosper 500 EC 60mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall
Pre-infection only. Do not apply more than one late season Prosper spray.
42
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)
boscalid Filan 100-120g/100L Harvest: 28
Grazing: Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by
livestock.
Not recommended for use on grapes destined for
export wines.
Pre-infection only
Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any boscalid spray.
Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamides)
fluopyram Luna Privilege 15mL/100L 7 Not registered for wine grapes.
Pre-infection only
This product is currently only registered for table grapes. Wine grape registration pending.
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)
pyraclostrobin Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic
surfactant)
21 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size, (7mm
diameter). Do not use within 63 days of harvest.
Cabrio 40mL/100L 21
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)
trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG 15g/100L 35 Use no later than E−L 31, berries pea-size (7mm
diameter).
Pre-infection only.
43
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)
azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient
75−100mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.
Azoxystrobin 800 WG Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG
23.5–31.5g/100L
Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG
37.5–50g/100L
Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L
Pre-infection only.
The higher rate refers specifically to powdery mildew management (refer to product label).
Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (aryloxyquinoline)
quinoxyfen Legend 10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 34, (before start of veraison). Do
not use within 42 days of harvest.
Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (quinazolinone)
proquinazid Talendo 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
44
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M and M
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)
hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***
Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest
Suppression only
Do not mix with any other pesticides.
Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore thorough coverage is required.
Group M1 and M2
fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)
copper oxychloride and sulphur
Mildex WG 300−400g/ 100L
OR
3-4kgs/ha
30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Pre-infection only
Refer to product label for information on use of sulphur with oil products.
There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot and humid days, or if crop is suffering moisture stress.
Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)
copper ammonium acetate complex
Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)
28 (wine grapes)
Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
copper ammonium complex
Copperguard Liquicop
Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper ammonium acetate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.
45
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Group M2 fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)
sulphur*** Barmac Wettable Sulphur
200−300g/ 100L N/R Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Liquisulf 700 SC 230−400mL/ 100L
Various registered products containing: 800g/L sulphur as the only active ingredient
200−350mL/ 100L
Various registered products containing: 800g/kg sulphur as the only active ingredient
Table grapes: 100−200g/ 100L
Wine grapes only: 200−600g/ 100L
Dusting Sulphur Refer to label Use no later than 12 weeks before harvest.
Pre-infection only
There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot and humid days.
Do not mix sulphur with oils.
Refer to product label regarding further restrictions on use of sulphur with oil products.
Not classified potassium bicarbonate***
Ecocarb 400g/100L + 200mL Synertrol
Horti-Oil
N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.
Post-infection only
Ecocarb is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control.
Ecocarb is highly alkaline. Do not mix with acidifying material.
Not classified potassium bicarbonate***
Ecofungicide
40g/10L+ 20mL emulsified vegetable
oil
N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.
Post-infection only
Ecofungicide is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control.
46
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Not classified paraffinic oil BioPest 1L/100L 1 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm
diameter).
Pre-infection only
Do not spray when temperatures exceed 32°C or vines are suffering moisture stress.
Group U6 fungicides – unknown (phenyl-acetamide)
cyflufenamid Flute 50 EW 35mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm
diameter).
Pre-infection only
Do not apply more than two Flute 50 EW fungicide sprays per season and follow the Croplife Australia resistance management guidelines.
Group U8 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzophenone)
metrafenone Vivando 20mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.
Pre-infection only
47
Activity and chemical group
Active ingredient
Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for
wine grapes*
Eutypa (Eutypa lata)
Not classified Trichoderma harzianum***
Vinevax Bioimplants 1 implant/vine N/R Dormancy treatment
Vinevax Wound Dressing 10g/L spray or 100g/L paste
If symptoms of Eutypa are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory for correct identification.
Biological control for Eutypa lata
Do not use with other pesticides, fertilisers or other material that may harm the fungus.
Avoid treatment during sap flow in late winter and early spring.
Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)
tebuconazole Greenseal Apply as paste on wounds
N/R Dormancy treatment
Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing.
Group 29 fungicides unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)
fluazinam Emblem 100mL/100L N/R Dormancy treatment
Apply within 24 hrs of pruning
48
Insects, mites and molluscs
* Restriction on use for wine grapes This information is based on the ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 15/16 by M Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, 31 May 2015.
‘NM’ Not mentioned in the Recommendations section of the ‘Dog book.
*** Organic production under “Active ingredient” heading – active ingredient permitted. However some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.
# Use no later than 80% capfall it is essential to contact winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any 1A, 1B, 2B and 3A insecticide.
N/R – not required when used as directed.
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
African black beetle (Heteronychus arator)
1B insecticide chlorpyrifos suSCon Green 20g/vine N/R NM
Incorporate into 2−4cm of soil surrounding rootlings, during or immediately after transplanting. See label for notes on efficacy and caution regarding vine vigour.
Common garden snail (Helix aspersa), slugs and White Italian snail (Theba pisana)
1A insecticide methiocarb Mesurol Snail and Slug Bait 5.5kg/ha or 1−22kg/ha
7 NM
For most infestations apply low rate. For heavy infestations or where plant growth is tall or dense apply higher rate. Apply April to May for best results. Repeat August to September. See label for other details on application.
Insecticide (molluscicide)
iron EDTA complex*** Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer
15kg/ha 150g/100sq m
7 -
Eradicate Snail and Slug Killer
NM
Apply at 15kg/ha over entire field. If pest is localised, apply only where it occurs.
49
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Snails and slugs
Insecticide (molluscicide)
metaldehyde Various registered products containing 15−50g/kg metaldehyde as the only active constituent.
Consult label for rates
7 -
Spread pellets evenly. Do not place in heaps. Domestic pets and livestock find the bait attractive and it may kill them.
Snails
Insecticide (molluscicide)
copper*** & silicate salts Socusil Snail Repellent
Consult label for rates
N/R NM
Consists of two components − see label for mixing instructions. Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of first new leaves. Do not spray foliage.
Insecticide (molluscicide)
copper as buffered copper complex***
ESCAR-GO
1L/10sq m 1 -
Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of the first new leaves. Do not spray on foliage.
Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae)
1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.
100mL alone or 50mL + 1L winter
oil/100L
Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.
Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Do not use oil additive after bud swell.
1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal Insecticide 90mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L
water
3 Dormant spray only.
Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L
water
For winegrapes, dormant spray only. Apply during summer−autumn if scale population increases to point where biological control is no longer effective.
50
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
1B insecticide maldison Apparent Maldison 500EC
Nufarm Maldison 500
125mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L
water
3 Dormant spray only.
For application during summer months if scale population increases.
1B insecticide methidathion (dormant treatment)
Suprathion 400 EC
Ridacide 400 EC
125mL/100L Dormant spray only. Dormant spray only.
Apply during winter months prior to bud movement.
1B insecticide
methidathion (spring and summer treatment)
Suprathion 400 EC
Ridacide 400 EC
75mL/100L 14 NM
Spring−summer treatment: Spray during late November−December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.
1B insecticide azinphos-methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC
245mL + dormant oil
1L/100L
14 Dormant spray only.
Spot spraying of infested vines is usually enough. See label.
Unspecified class petroleum oil*** Various registered products containing approx. 850g/L petroleum oil as active ingredient
3L/100L Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.
paraffinic petroleum oil***
Bioclear
Biopest
Trump Spray Oil
Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Preferable to apply after pruning when 90% crawlers have emerged.
51
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Bud mite (Colomerus vitis)
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***
Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient
10L/100L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.
Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***
Various registered products Rates vary depending upon percent active.
Check label carefully.
Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
These are registered for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary dependent on product check label carefully.
Grapeleaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis)
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***
Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing approx. 200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient
10L/10L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.
Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***
Various registered products containing sulphur.
Rates vary depending upon
percentage active ingredient. Check
label carefully.
Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Some products are registered for grapeleaf blister mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control in vineyards where mites are a severe problem.
52
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) and bunch mite (Brevipalpus sp.)
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***
Various registered products containing sulphur.
Rates vary depending upon percent active
ingredient. Check label carefully.
Consult label. Use no later than 30 days before harvest.
Some products are registered for grapeleaf rust mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control where mites are severe.
Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis)
M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***
Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient
10L/100L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.
Do not apply if freezing weather is predicted or air temperature greater than 32C. Do not apply within 2 weeks of an oil spray.
12A insecticide fenbutatin oxide Torque Miticide 20−40mL/100L 14 (table grapes) NM
Table grapes only. APVMA permit PER13378 expires 30 September 2017. Maximum of one application per season.
European earwig (Forficula auricularia)
1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.
5-10kg bait/ha N/R NM
APVMA PER14868 applies to 30 Sept 2019 – a South Australian permit which can be referred to for the same use in WA. Apply bait once in late winter/spring using a fertiliser spreader. Use higher rate for heavy infestations. Where birds are used for pest management DO NOT apply.
3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide
Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM
Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.
53
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 NM
Suppression only. Only apply treatments if damage is likely to occur. Do not apply after pre-bunch closure (growth stage) E-L 31.
Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae)
1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon 30mL/100L 14 NM
Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.
1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal 90mL/100L 3 NM
Apparent Maldison 500EC Nufarm Maldison 500
200mL/100L
Apply when the pest first appears.
1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL/100L 3 NM
Apply when the pest first appears and repeat if pest population increases.
Insecticide, spray adjuvant
paraffinic oil*** Bioclear Biopest Trump Spray Oil
4-6L with 306-460L/ha
of water
N/R Dormant spray only.
A tank mix using insecticide improves control.
Insecticide, spreader petroleum oil*** Biocover 4-6L with 306-460L/ha
of water
N/R NM
Dormant spray only. A tank mix using insecticides improves control.
23 insecticide spirotetramat Movento 240 SC 40ml/100L with adjuvant
See label for concentrate rates
28 Use no later than EL 18 (14 leaves separated, flower caps still in place but cap colour fading from green)
Apply no earlier than EL 13. Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21 to 28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: do not harvest until 4 weeks after application. Also registered for suppression of grapevine scale, plague thrips and northern plague thrips.
54
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)
1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC
Ridacide 400EC
125mL/100L 14 NM
Spray during late November- December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.
1B insecticide prothiofos Tokuthion 100mL/100L 56 table grapes only
-
This product is not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply by dilute spraying equipment in early to mid-December after bunch and berry thinning is completed. Spray both sides of vines thoroughly to run-off, using at least 2000L/ha of water. Concentrate spraying is not appropriate for this use.
16 insecticide
buprofezin Applaud Strident Scale and bug
30-60mL/100L 56 table grapes
Use no later than 80% capfall.
Apply twice, 14-21 days apart, starting when the first emergence of crawlers is observed. Use the high rate when heavy infestations occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively managed pest populations. Note caution on label if releasing predators.
4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 42 table grapes only
-
This product is not registered for use on wine grapes as a foliar spray. Table grapes only. Dilute foliar spray.
4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 600g/ha N/R NM
Soil application for wine and table grapes. Apply between budburst and 80% capfall. See label for more information.
4C Insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 30 – 40mL/100L table grapes
7 -
Use the 40 mL/100 L rate in up to 1,000 litres per ha. If using higher application volumes, dilute accordingly. Do not exceed a total use of 400 mL of product per /ha in a single application. Use the higher rate for mid-late season application to ensure adequate coverage. If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.
55
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
4C Insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 30 mL/100 L wine grapes
Do not apply later than 80% capfall
NM
Use the 30 mL/100 L rate in up to 1,000 litres per ha. If using higher application volumes, dilute accordingly. Do not exceed a total use of 300 mL of product per /ha in a single application. If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.
Cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)
With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control cluster caterpillar.
Grasshoppers
1A Insecticide carbaryl Cricket and Grasshopper Killer Bait
60kg/ha 100 pellets/ sq m
N/R NM
Broadcast pellets over area to be treated. Do not heap pellets or apply near water bodies.
Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)
1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.
300mL/ha 14 NM
Usually invades vineyards from surrounding pasture. Monitor for source and treat with sprays or baits in pasture against nymphs. Birds are effective predators.
22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 but do not use within 56
days of harvest.
Spray when local thresholds have been reached and damage is being observed. Thorough coverage is essential. Do not repeat within 10 days.
56
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Nymphs of some grasshoppers and locusts including Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum) and Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)
Biological insecticide Metarhiziun anisopliae var. acridium spores***
Green Guard SC Premium
500mL in 75-225L/ha
See label for
instructions on rate.
N/R 24 hour
re-entry period.
Use no later than 7 days before harvest.
Refer to label for details on this biological control agent and preparing the products for application.
Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)
1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon
65mL/100L 14 NM
Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.
1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.
270-400mL/ha 14 NM
Refer to label for instructions on spray procedures and buffer zones.
Apple weevil (Otiorhynchus cribricollis): primarily overwintering adults, insecticides for garden weevil can be used to control apple weevil also.
3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)
Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)
100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.
NM
Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray the leaves, canes and the soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks. Apply the same total amount to the target crop whether applying this product by dilute or concentrate spraying methods. Consult label.
57
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Garden weevil (Phlyctinus callosus)
3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)
100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.
NM
Monitor young vines during spring and early summer. Apply at first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, shoots and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.
3A insecticide esfenvalerate Sumi-Alpha Flex 30mL/100L N/R NM
Do not apply last application later than growth stage E-L 31 (berries peasize). Apply after peak weevil emergence in late spring but before damage. Apply at least 500L of solution per hectare at night. Second application 2-4 weeks later may be required. This product may cause outbreak of secondary pests. Do not apply more than twice per season.
22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)
but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.
Apply when damage to canopy observed. Thorough coverage essential. Monitor after spraying. Maximum of two applications per season. Do not use more than two consecutive seasons.
Common auger beetle (Xylopsocus gibbicollis)
1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC
125mL/100L 14 NM
Spray during spring and preferably at monthly intervals or at first signs of adult feeding or egg laying activity.
58
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)
1B insecticide azinphos methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC
245mL/100L 14 NM
Apply 3-4 weeks after flowering and later as required.
1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various products containing: chlorpyrifos (500g/L).
50mL/100L 14 NM
Cyren 500 WP 50g/100L or 500g/ha
Lorsban 750 WG 33g/100L or 333g/ha
Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.
1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC
125mL/100L 14 NM
Spray when caterpillars are first noticed and repeat applications if necessary at 14−21 day intervals.
28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor 9g + non-ionic surfactant at 5mL/100L
56 Use no later than 80% capfall.
Do not apply after bunch closure. Max of two applications. See label for details. See instructions regarding drift to non-target crops.
11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***
Dipel DF Delfin WG
25−1000g/100L Check label
N/R May be used until harvest.
Biocrystal 25mL-1L/100L
Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L
Check label
When caterpillars or their damage first appear spray both sides of all foliage. Respray at 7−14 day intervals or as required.
59
Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
1A insecticide methomyl Various products containing methomyl (225g/L).
150mL/100L 7 NM
Apply during early shoot growth/ flowering and then just prior to bunch closure if lightbrown apple moth is noted. Control at later stages of bunch development is difficult.
18 insecticide methoxy-fenozide Prodigy 25mL/100L 21 Use no later than 80% capfall.
Read label for more information.
22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)
but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.
Applications to be timed for each egg hatch. Thorough fruit coverage is essential. Maximum of three applications to each crop. Wine grapes Do not apply after bunch closure. Read label carefully for comments on spraying methods.
3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide
Beat-a-bug Concentrate
2.5L/100L 1 NM
Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.
6A insecticide Emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)
but do not use later than 56 days before harvest
Warlock 40mL/100L
Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Check label carefully. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.
5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 10g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).
Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae. Do not apply more than four times to any fruit crop in any one season.
Biological control agent
Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp
Refer to supplier recom-mendations
N/R May be used until harvest.
Refer to label.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae)
1B insecticide
chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: chlorpyrifos (500g/L)
50mL/100L 14 NM
Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.
1B insecticide
maldison Hy-Mal 55mL/100L 3 NM
Maldison 500 125mL/100L
Apply when pest first appears.
1B insecticide
maldison Fyfanon 440EW 140mL/100L 3 NM
Apply when pest first appears. Repeat if pest population increases.
1B insecticide
trichlorfon Dipterex 500 SL Lepidex 500
250mL/100L 2 NM
Spray when pests are first seen and repeat if necessary.
1B insecticide
azinphos methyl Benthion 200 Gusathion 200 SC
245mL/100L 14 NM
Apply as required. Read label for application guidelines.
1B insecticide
methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC
65mL/100L 14 NM
Spray when caterpillars are noticed during spring and early summer. Repeat if necessary.
11 insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai***
Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L
Check label
N/R May be used until harvest.
Apply at first sign of infestation as high volume spray, and repeat as required to maintain control of pests.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
11 insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***
Dipel DF Delfin WG
25−1000g/ 100L Check label
N/R May be used until harvest.
Biocrystal 25mL−1L/100L NM
See label for application methods.
1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing methomyl (225g/L)
150mL/100L
7 NM
Apply during early shoot growth/flowering if pests are a problem and again just before bunches close, if required. Control of later grub stages is difficult.
6A insecticide emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)
but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.
Warlock 40mL/100L
Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.
5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 3g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).
Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae when numbers exceed threshold. Apply at 7–14 day intervals as new infestations occur. Do not apply more than four Group 5 insecticides in any season.
22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar 8g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)
but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.
Apply when local thresholds reached. Thorough coverage essential. Do not re-treat within 10 days. Post-harvest infestations can be treated.
Biological control agent
Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp
Refer to suppliers recommendations
N/R May be used until harvest.
Refer to label.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor 9g + non-ionic surfactant @
15g/100L
56 Use no later than 80% capfall.
Do not apply more than two applications per season. Do not apply after bunch closure.
Plague thrips (Thrips imaginis)
3A insecticide tau-fluvalinate Klartan Mavrik Aquaflow
20mL/100L N/R
table grapes only Do not use on wine
grapes.
These products are not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply just prior to the start of flowering when a significant population of thrips can be found. A second application may be required depending on pest pressure 10−14 days later. This second application must not be applied outside the flowering period.
3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide
Beat-a-bug Concentrate
2.5L/100L 1 NM
Read label for more information.
Thrips (general)
3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide
Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM
Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.
Cutworm (Agrotis spp.) Trunk treatment
1A insecticide carbaryl Bugmaster
Carbaryl 500
160−200mL/100L N/R NM
Apply at first sign of pest activity around the base of vines and every 2 weeks as necessary. Use higher rate where high insect pressure occurs.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Pink cutworm (Agrotis munda)
3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)
Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L).
100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.
NM
Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, canes and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after 3 weeks.
Caterpillars (general)
3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide
Beat-a-bug Concentrate
2.5L/100L 1 NM
Read label for more information.
Apple looper (Phrissogonus laticostata)
With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control apple looper.
Vine moth (Theretra oldenlandiae)
1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing 225g/L methomyl
150mL/100L 7 NM
Apply when population indicates need.
Grapevine hawk moth (Hippotion celerio)
1B insecticide azinphos methyl Benthion 200
Gusathion 200 SC
245mL/100L 14 NM
Apply as required. Read label for application guidelines.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Two-spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae)
12A insecticide fenbutatin oxide Torque Miticide 20−40mL/100L 14 -
Table grapes only. APVMA permit PER13378 expires 30 September 2017. Maximum of one application per season.
10B insecticide etoxazole ParaMite 35mL/100L 21 Use no later than 21 days before harvest.
See label for application details.
Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor)
3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide
Beat-a-bug Concentrate
1.25L/100L 1 NM
Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – foliar baiting
1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500SL Lepidex 500
125mL/16L + 320mL protein
2 NM
Apply as coarse spray to lower foliage at about weekly intervals. Commence application 2 weeks before crop is susceptible or as required by pest monitoring and the program of cover sprays. Heavy rain may necessitate reapplication.
5 insecticide spinosad*** Naturalure fruit fly bait concentrate
1L/ha N/R NM
Refer to label for more information.
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Chemical group Active ingredient Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)
Restriction on use for wine grapes*
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – protein baits
Yeast autolysate Bugs for Bugs Fruit Fly lure NATFLAV 500 Fruit Fly lure
2L protein/ 100L water and
insecticide. Add protein first
N/A NM
Yeast hydrolysate Flavex Cera Bait
2L protein/ 100L water and
insecticide. Add protein first
Refer to insecticide labels for details and restrictions on mixing and applying protein baits and insecticides.
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – cover spray
1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 400 EW
Fyfanon 1000 EC
Hy-Mal
140mL/100L
60mL/100L
55mL/100L
3 Table grapes only.
APVMA permit PER13253 expires 31 May 2016. Do not exceed three applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 to 10 days.
1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500 Lepidex 500
250mL/100L 2 Table grapes only.
Table grapes only. PER12439 expires 31 May 2016. Do not exceed six applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of 7 days.
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – post harvest
1B insecticide dimethoate Various registered products containing dimethoate (400g/L)
75mL/100L N/R NM
Post-harvest foliar and/or ground cover spray. APVMA permit PER13859 expires 31 July 2024. Do not treat any host plants until after final harvest. Do not apply more than 2 applications per host crop following harvest. Produce treated under this permit must not be harvested, collected or supplied for human or animal consumption.
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Herbicides
Knockdown herbicides
Knockdown herbicides control established weeds only. They may have contact, trans laminar, partially systemic or systemic activity. Ensure
product is registered for application to targeted weed species in Western Australia prior to use.
*** Organic production under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. Some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to
the inclusion of certain inerts / inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Certain grass weeds
A fluazifop-p as butyl ester Flare 212
Flazz 212 EC
Fluazifop
Fluazifop 212
Fluazifop 212 Post Emergance
Fluazifop-P 212
Fusilade Forte 128 EC
Fusilade Post-Emergence
Fusilade WG
Fuzilier
Resilience
Rootout 212
Salvo 212
Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.
Apply at not less than 200L/ha. Direct spray to base of vine. Withholding period of 4 weeks applies.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
A quizalofop-P-ethyl Agvantage QPE 100 EC
Elantra Xtreme
QPE 200
Quinella Upgrade
Quiza PE 200
65−125mL/100L
quizalofop-P-ethyl Leopard 200 EC
Quatron 200 EC
Quiz 200 EC
Quizalofop 200 EC
Quizalofop-P-Ethyl 200 EC
Targabolt 200
Target 200
65−125mL/ha
quizalofop-P-ethyl Atomic Elantra Leopard Leopard 100 EC QPE 100 Quinella 100 EC Quiz Quiza 99.5 EC
Quizalofop Quizalofop-P-ethyl Quizalofop 99.5 EC Sanction 99.5 EC Sextant Targa Tiger
125−250mL/ha
quizalofop-P-ethyl Tiger Gold 250 50−100mL/ha
quizalofop-P-tefuryl Buzzard
Pantera
125−250mL/100L
Check labels for correct rate. Apply when weeds are growing actively. Thoroughly wet target weeds (especially well established clumps) without causing run-off. Repeated sprays may be necessary for perennial grasses.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Annual and perennial grass weeds
A haloxyfop-methyl ester Convict
Decree 520 EC
Exert 520
Firepower
Halfback 520
Halofop 520
Halomac 520
Halox 520
Haloxyfop
Haloxyfop 520
Haloxyfop 520 EC
Haloxyken 520
Hermes
Inquest
Jasper 520
Jasper 520 EC
Judgement 130
Recon 520
Trekker 520 EC
Verdict 520
Weloxy 520 EC
0.2−0.8L/ha
haloxyfop-methyl ester Haloxyfop 900 EC 0.115L/ha
haloxyfop-methyl ester Asset 0.8−3.2L/ha
Knockdown herbicide. Check label for optimal rates of application for target grass species. Spray should be directed to base of vine avoiding contact with fruit and foliage.
69
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Broadleaf weeds
C+F bromoxynil + diflufenican Bentley
Brom + Diflu
Bromoxynil 250 EC
Bromoxynil diflufenican
Bromoxynil diflufenican 250/25
Cougar
Colt
Derail 275 EC
Difnil 275 EC
Diflu-Brom
Difluken B
Diflufenican + Bromoxynil
Diflufenican 25 + Bromoxynil 250
Difnil 275 EC
Drakar 275 EC
Jaguar
Meerkat
Minder
Nimble
Reckon-B 275EC
Ruger
Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.
Registered for use in cover crops in vineyards. Apply during vine dormancy only. Contact with vines must be avoided. Particular care must be taken if applied in late autumn or early spring when vines may not be fully dormant. Withholding periods apply for livestock grazing.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Broadleaf weeds and control of unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk
G carfentrazone-ethyl Carfentrazone 240 EC
Carfentrazone-ethyl
Carfentrazone-ethyl 240 EC
Elevate
Hammer
Hammer 400 EC
Nail 600 EC
Pound 240
Spike
Spotlight
Spotlight Plus
Rates vary with situation and application method.
Broadleaf weeds Post-emergent herbicide to be added to knockdown herbicides to improve control of certain broadleaf weeds. Apply only as a tank mix with recommended rates and brands of knockdown herbicides.
Unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk. Apply to suckers less than 300mm long, before any lignification is present. Read label carefully for further details and restrictions on use due to vine age.
G carfentrazone-ethyl Nail 240 EC Rates vary with situation and application method.
Refer to label for details.
Kikuyu and couch grass
J 2,2-DPA as sodium salt Atlapon
Dalapon 740 SP
10 kg/ha
Vines must be at least 4 years old. Apply direct spray into vine row. Do not exceed 10kg/ha per year. Half rate at 10 to 14 day intervals will improve weed control and minimise risk to vines. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Wide range of grasses and some broadleaf weeds
L paraquat Agroquat 250
Cruze 300
Explode 250
Gramoxone 250
Inferno
Nuquat 250
Para-Ken 250
Para-Ken 334Paradox 250
Paraquat 250
Paraquat 250 SL
Paraquat 350 SL
Parquat 250
Piston 250
Putout 250
Quash 250
Shirquat 250
Sinmosa 250
Sprayquat 250
Spraytop
Spraytop 250 SL
Uniquat 250
1.6−3.2L/ha
paraquat Para-Ken 334 1.2−2.4L/ sprayed ha
Spray as necessary for control of annual weeds. Avoid contacting crop foliage.
L and Q paraquat + amitrole Alliance
Paraglide
Para-Trooper
1.6-3.2L/ha
Refer to label for details.
72
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds
L paraquat + diquat Alarm Blowout Brown Out 250 Burner 250 Combik 250 Combination 250 Di-Par 250 Dibromquat 250 Di-Parr 250 Diquat Paraquat 250 Diquat/Paraquat Diqu-Para 250 Dismantle Eos Exocet 250 Kwiknock 250 Paradat Para-Diquat 250 SC Paradym 250 Paraquat/Diquat Paraquat/Diquat 250
Paraquat + Diquat Paraquat + Diquat 250 Paraquat - Diquat Paraquat Diquat Paraquat Diquat 250 Paraquat Diquat 250 SL Paraquat 135 + Diquat 115 Premier 250 Pre-Seed 250 Putout 250 Revolver Scorcher 250 Speedy 250 Spray & Sow Spray.Seed 250 Spraykill 250 Spray-Out 250 Spray-Plant 250 Titan EOS Uni-Spray 250 Weedy Seedy 250 Wildfire 250
2.4−3.2L/ha
Thoroughly wet plant foliage. Use higher rate for dense more established weed growth.
73
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Capeweed
L diquat dibromide Desiquat
Desi-Tex 200
Dia-kill 200
Diquat 200
Diquat Dibromide
Hydrogel D
Reglone
Sanction 200
Check label rates.
Check label for direction on additives for effective treatment.
Broad range of annual and perennial weeds
M glyphosate as ammonium salt Bazooka 800 SG
Bazooka Dry 800
Glyphosate 800
Refer to label rates.
Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit.
M glyphosate-ipa Various products registered containing 360−700g/L glyphosate-ipa.
Refer to label rates.
Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit.
It is recommended that some products not be used on vines younger than 3 years, check label.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
M glyphosate-mas AC Gropwler M
Agrisate 700 SG
Chisel Dry 700 SG
Clearup 700 Bio-Dri
Clearup 700 Dri
Clearup 840 Dri-Flo
Dry 680
Dry-Gly 700
Gladiator Dry 680
Glister 680 SG
Glyder Dry 700
Glydry 700
Glyfos 700 SG
Glymac Dri 700
Glymax 700
Glypho 680 Dry
Glyphogran 680
Glyphosate 680
Glyphosate 700
Glyphosate 700 SG
Glyphosate 840 Dri-Flo
Glyphosate 875
Glyphosate 900
Ken-up Dry 680 WG
Klin-up Dry 680
Knockout Dry 700 SG
Mut 700
Nugget Dry 680 WG
Panzer 680
Rek Herbicide
Roundup Dry
Roundup Ready
Set-Up Dry 680
Smart Dry 680
Sunphosate 680 WG
Supremo 680
Suria 700 SG
Triple Seven
Weedbeest 700
Weedfree Glyphosate Granular
Weedmaster Dry
Wipe-Out Dry 700 SG
Refer to label rates.
glyphosate-ipa + mas Banish 360 Sync
Credit Broadhectare
Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed species. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product.
Some products may be used prior to establishment. Application restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing of application. Note: product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
M glyphosate-ipa + potassium salt Weedmaster Duo Refer to label rates.
glyphosate – potassium salt Blue Chip 540 Bonzer Clearup 517 K Clearup Impress 540 Eradicator Max 600 Eradicator Ultimate 625 Eradicator X 450 Firebolt Gladiator Optimax Glyder Offense 540 Glyphosate 450 K Salt Glyfos K-Power Glyphosate 495 K Glyphosate 510 K Glyphosate 517 Potassium Glyphosate 540 K Glyphosate 600 Glyphosate K-Tech 500SL
Hi-Load Knockout Pro Loaded 517 Max Out 540 Panzer 540 K Pintobi Attack Potassium Express Potassium Glyphosate Potassium Glyphosate 500 Power Max Roundup Attack Roundup Power MAX Roundup Ultra MAX Touchdown Hitech Warlord 540 Hi-Load Weedmaster Argo Wipe-Out Accelerate
glyphosate – potassium salt + mas Pintobi Roundup Dual Salt Technology Roundup DST Weedmaster
glyphosate mas/acid Bazooka Dry 800 SG Glyphosate 700 SG Glyphosate 900
glyphosate – mea Clearup 450 SL Clearup Bio 360 SL Gone 450 Growler M Smart Gone 450 Sweep 450 Wipe-Out Plus
M+G glyphosate – ipa + carfentrazone Broadway
76
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product. Some products may be used prior to establishment. Restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing.
Product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.
N glufosinate-ammonium Basta
Biffo
Brazen Non-Selective
Capo 200
Cease
Commando 200
Coltura 200
Exile
Exonerate
Exonerate 200 SL
Fascinate 200 SL
Faster TG 200
Fiestar
Gamma
Glufos
Glufosinate
Glufosinate-Ammonium
Glufosinate-Ammonium 200
Glufosinate-Ammonium 200 SL
Glusta 200
Guillotine
Hallmark 200
Ignite
Kelpie G-Fos 200
Muster
Notch 200SL
Sky-7th 200
Weedshot 200
1−5L/ha
Apply as a directed or shielded spray. Avoid contact with green or un-calloused bark. The recommended rate is determined by weed species, stage of growth, density and climatic conditions.
77
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Broadleaf weeds and grasses
Q amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate AGGRAV8
Amitat
Amitrole 250
Amitrole 47T
Amitrole T
Amon
Illico Non-Selective
Rates vary with brand and target weed species.
Apply when weeds are small and actively growing. Repeat application in 6−8 weeks. Apply as directed spray to weeds only.
Q+L amitrole + paraquat dichloride Alliance
Paratrooper
Rates vary with spray application method.
Registered for use with established grapevines (minimum 3 years-old). Spray young weeds during late winter to spring–summer as required.
Unspecified pine oil*** BioWeed Rates vary with target weed species.
Do not allow spray to contact crop plants.
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Residual herbicides
Residual or pre-emergence herbicides control germinating weed seeds before they emerge, some can be effective up to the two-leaf stage.
Control relies on a chemical barrier in the surface of the soil. Note: ensure product is registered for application to targeted weed species in
Western Australia prior to use.
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses
C simazine Simazine 500
Simazine 500 Flowable
Simazine 500 SC
Simplex 500 SC
2.3−4.5L/ha
Simagranz 1.9−4kg/ha
Gesatop 600 SC
Simanex 600 SC
Simazine 600
Simazine Hi-Load 600
1.9−3.8L/ha
Simaquest 900 WG
Snapper 900 WG
Weed Force Longreach Herbicide
1.3−2.5kg/ha
For use on vines that have been established for a minimum period (check label for details).
In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils.
The same product name may differ in chemical application rate.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
C simazine Gesatop Granules
Simagen 900 WG
Simanex 900 WG
Simaphos 900 WG
Simazine 900 DF
Simazine 900 WDG
Simazine 900 WG
Stoush 900 WG
Various rates for same product name.
In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils.
D pendimethalin Cronos 440EC
Panda 435
Panida Grandé
Pendimethalin 435
Rifle 440
Romper 440EC
Stomp 440
6.7−9L/ha
Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. For best results, apply to soil free of weeds, surface litter and clods. Requires a minimum amount of rain/irrigation soon after application or weed control may be reduced.
D pendimethalin Charger 330 EC
Cyclone 330 EC
Fist 330
Ipimethalin 330
Pendant
Pendimethalin 330
Pendimethalin 330 EC
Pendi 330
Rifle 330
9−12L/ha
Panida Max 6.23−8.33L/ha
Products can affect emergence and growth of certain cover crops if sown into treatment band within 12 months of application (check label for recommendations). Use the higher rate on medium to heavy textured soils and lower rate on light textured soils. Use a directed spray avoiding spray contact with green bark, fruit and foliage.
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
D pendimethalin Pendimethex 5-6L/ha
Apply as a bare ground treatment. On established plantings, where simazine safety has been proven, simazine may be added as a tank mix at recommended rates. May be used around one year old vines. Avoid spray contact with green bark or drift on to green buds or foliage. May be mixed with knockdown herbicides if small weeds are present but should otherwise be applied to bare earth. Irrigation or rain should follow within10 days of application or weed control may be reduced.
Grasses and broadleaf weeds
D oryzalin Cameo 500
Oryzalin 500
Sharp Shooter 500 SC
Surflan 500
4.5−9.5L/ha
oryzalin Prolan 500 Stonewall
4.5−9.9L/ha
Vineyards on medium loam or heavier soil types, heavily infested with crab grass may be sprayed with the higher chemical rate.
D trifluralin Agriralin 480
Buster
Clearoff
Contender 480
MR T 480
Snare
Tango 480
Treflan
Treflan 480
Tricon Flexi 480
Triflur 480
Trifluralin 480
Trifluralin 480 EC
Trifluralinx 480
Triflurasip 480 Triflurx
Trilogy Xtra
Trigen 480
Trilogy
Unitry 480
Wadlan 480
1.2−2.3L/ha
Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.
81
Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
D trifluralin Triflur Xcel
1.1−2.25L/ha
Trampoline 480
Treflan 600
Tricon Maxi 600
Triflur 600
Trifluralin 530
Trifluralin 600
Trifluralinx 580
Trilogy 600
Various rates.
Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.
F norflurazon Zoliar DF
Zoliar 800 DF
1.25−5kg/ha
Not recommended for grapes grown in sand or loamy sand soils with less than 1% organic matter and pH greater than 7.5 as veinal chlorosis may occur.
Certain grasses and broadleaf weeds
G oxyfluorfen Cavalier Conversion 240 Convert 240 EC Crossbar 240 Encore 240 Govern Gowel 240 EC Offend 240 Olright 240 EC
Ox 240 Oxen 240 Oxxel 240 EC Oxydox 240 EC Oxyfan 240 EC Oxyfluorfen Oxyflurofen 240 Oxyfluorfen 240 EC Striker
3 or 4L/ha
oxyfluorfen Goal
Goal Tender
1.5 or 2L/ha
Do not apply once budswell has occurred. Apply during dormancy on vineyards where vines are older than 3 years. Use the higher rate when longer residual control is required (up to 4 months).
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Resistant group
Active ingredient Trade names Rate
Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds
O dichlobenil Casoron G
Sierraron G
60−90kg/ha treated
Spread the granules evenly over the soil of the area to be treated. Remove existing weeds by hand, desiccation or cultivation. Use higher rate on heavier soils.
Certain broadleaf weeds
O isoxaben Gallery 750 375−750g/ha treated
Use higher rate where weed pressure is high or where longer residual activity is required. Must be activated by at least 12.5mm rainfall or sprinkler irrigation within 21 days of application.
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Plant growth regulators (PGR’s)
** Rate Please refer to product labels as rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety.
N/R – not required when used as directed.
Active ingredient
Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)
Comments
To promote uniform colouring of certain varieties of table grapes
ethephon Ethephon 480
Promote® 720
Ethrel®
Rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety.
Check product label carefully.
14 Apply when 5−30% of berries are coloured. Use higher rates to maximise colouring effects required. Ensure thorough coverage of bunches, although the foliage need not be completely covered.
Best results are achieved with a uniform application of fine droplets under calm conditions.
Ethephon:
− may reduce firmness of grapes. Do not use on grapes intended for long-term cool storage.
− may be less effective on some varieties in seasons where extreme heat waves occur.
S-Abscisic Acid
ProTone® SG N/R Use only as directed. Read the label thoroughly and make sure it is understood before making applications of ProTone® SG.
To promote increased berry size in certain varieties of table grapes
forchlorfenuron
Sitofex® 10EC
Ambitious
Ronic CPPU 10
Prestige® 10EC
50–100mL/100L water
N/R It is sufficient to spray the fruit only as forchlorfenuron is not translocated from leaves to fruit.
Good berry thinning is essential when using Sitofex®. Gibberellic acid (GA3) thinning sprays should be applied as recommended for each variety. Maximum berry size is obtained when forchlorfenuron is mixed with a GA3 sizing spray.
Forchlorfenuron can produce poor colour development and off flavours with some varieties in some seasons.
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Active ingredient
Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)
Comments
To promote desirable harvest effects to certain varieties of table grapes
gibberellic acid
Bloomfresh GA
Farmoz Gibberellic Acid
Gala™ Growth Regulator
Gibber Growth Regulator
ProGibb® GA
ProGibb® SG
Stretch SP200™
Rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety. Check product label carefully.
Use with a non-ionic wetting agent at the recommended label rate.
N/R Times of application vary, depending on variety. Check product label carefully.
Do not apply to vines under pest, nutritional or water stress.
Do not apply when there is insufficient soil moisture to support rapid plant growth.
Do not exceed recommended rates of wetting agent as russeting (berry scarring) may occur.
Thorough coverage of bunches is essential.
Contact your local agronomist or the Department of Agriculture and Food for further information.
To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes
cyanamide Dormex® Table grapes
3-5L/100L water
Wine grapes
2-3L/100L water plus non-ionic wetting agent at the recommended label rate
N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Dormex®.
Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst will usually occur 30-35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application, it could occur 14-21 days later.
Note: New shoots may be damaged by frost if Dormex® is applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst.
Applying Dormex close to budburst may have phytotoxic effects and delay budburst.
Cyan™ 3-5L/100L water N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application.
Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later.
Note: New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop.
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Active ingredient
Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)
Comments
For initiation of dormancy break in wine grapes (Pinot Noir only)
methyl esters of
fatty acids
Waiken™ 4L/100L water N/R To advance budburst Apply 35-50 days before natural bud burst.
To delay budburst
Apply from 20 days before natural budburst, up to the time of green tip.
To assist with promotion of colour, bunch uniformity, rachis stretch, and stimulate root branching
cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, naturally chelated trace minerals, and proteins in organic form
Acadian® SSE Stimplex®
750g/ha 2.5L/ha
N/R For root growth: Apply at E-L 9.
For rachis stretch: Apply at E-L 12 & 10-14 days later.
For size uniformity and colour: Apply at E-L 27 & 35.
For carbohydrate accumulation: Apply at E-L 41.
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Example of a spray diary
Date Block Variety Growth stage
Target pest Registered
product
Product rate Water rate
/ha
Comments (e.g. temperature, rainfall, wind direction and speed, tractor
speed, operator …) /ha /100L
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Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar
Not all these pests will occur in your vineyard
This is a guide only. The status of each pest varies across grape growing regions; monitor to avoid unnecessary or poorly timed sprays. Check specific recommendations under the Vineyard spray option tables (Section 11), particularly for chemicals used in disease control on wine grapes to avoid unwanted residues.
Diseases
Disease Growth stage Dormancy Budburst Shoots
10 cm Start of
flowering 80%
capfall Fruit set
Bunch closure
Veraison Veraison to harvest
Harvest Post-harvest
Dormancy
Phomopsis • • • • • • • • • •
Black spot • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •
Downy mildew • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • •
Botrytis • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •
Powdery mildew • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •
Best time for spraying and baiting • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or damage period
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Pests
Insects, snails and mites Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb Mar. Apr. May June July
African black beetle - adults • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •
Snails Cordon/Foliar spray Bait now Bait now Trunk sprays
Grapevine scale • • • Crawlers • • •
Mites – blister and bunch rust • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •
European earwig • Apply bait ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •
Katydid (green cricket) • • • • • • •
Mealybug • ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •
Cluster caterpillar • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • •
Wingless grasshopper • • Spray and bait now ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • •
Apple weevil • ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Garden weevil • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • •
Spring beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • •
Common auger beetle • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ •
Lightbrown apple moth • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •
Grapevine moth • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • •
Plague and onion thrips Flowering to fruit set
Apple looper • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Heliothis caterpillar • • • ■ ■ ■ • • • •
Two-spotted and six-spotted mite • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • •
Rutherglen bug • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • •
Mediterranean fruit fly • • ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •
Best time for spraying and baiting • Monitoring period ■ Major activity or damage period