2015 Deepwater Production Riser Systems & Components

BuoyancyAir Tank

Tensioner

Hydro-PneumaticTensioner,Ram-Style

Hydro-PneumaticTensioner,Pull-Style

Top Tension Riser

Chart 2 – RISER SYSTEMS

Dry Tree Riser SystemsWet Tree Riser Systems

SteelLazyWaveRiser

SimpleSteel

CatenaryRiser

SingleLeg

HybridRiser

BundledHybridRiser

BondedFlexible

Riser

UnbondedFlexible

Riser

Non-MetallicUnbonded

Risers

MetallicUnbonded

Risers

HybridUnbonded

Risers

Hybrid RiserSteel Catenary Riser Flexible RiserIntegrated

Production Riser

Figure 2 - Flexible Riser Configurations

A&R Abandonment & RecoveryAL Artificial LiftAPI American Petroleum InstituteAWS American Welding SocietyBCF Billion Cubic FeetBOP Blow-Out PreventerBOPD Barrels of Oil per Day BPD Barrels Per Day BTU British Thermal UnitC/WO Completion/WorkoverCAPEX Capital Expenditures CFR Code of Federal RegulationsDBD Design Basis DocumentDP Dynamic PositioningEDP Emergency Disconnect PackageEOL End of LifeEPIC Engineering, Procurement, Installation, and ConstructionESDV Emergency Shutdown ValveETLP Extended Tension Leg PlatformFAT Factory Acceptance TestFBE Fusion Bonded EpoxyFLNG Floating Liquefied Natural GasFOI Floating Offshore InstallationFPS Floating Production System FPSO Floating Production Storage

& Offloading Vessel FPU Floating Production UnitFSHR Free Standing Hybrid RiserFTP Flowing Tubing PressureGLR Gas Liquid RatioGOM Gulf of Mexico

GOR Gas Oil RatioGVF Gas Volume Fraction HAZID Hazard IdentificationHAZOP Hazard and OperabilityHmax Maximum Wave HeightHs Significant Wave HeightHIPPS High Integrity Pressure Protection

SystemHO Hang OffHPHT High Pressure High TemperatureHSE Health, Safety and EnvironmentID Inside DiameterISO International Organization for

StandardizationLAST Lowest Anticipated Service

TemperatureLMRP Lower Marine Riser PackageLSD Limit State DesignLWRP Lower Workover Riser PackageMAP Maximum Allowable PressureMBCPD Thousand Barrels Condensate Per DayMBIWPD Thousand Barrels Injected Water

Per DayMBOPD Thousand Barrels Oil Per DayMBR Minimum Bend RadiusMBWPD Thousand Barrels Water Per DayMG Marine GrowthMMBOE Million Barrels Oil EquivalentMMSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet Per DayMODU Mobile Offshore Drilling UnitMSL Mean Sea LevelMWA Mid-Water Arch

NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers

OD Outside DiameterOOR Out-Of-RoundnessOPEX Operational ExpendituresPARLOC Pipeline And Riser Loss of ContainmentPIP Pipe-In-PipePLEM Pipeline End ManifoldPLET Pipeline End Termination PLIM Pipeline Inline Manifold PMV Production Master ValvePPMV Parts Per Million by Unit VolumePWHT Post Weld Heat TreatmentPWV Production Wing ValveRAO Response Amplitude OperatorROV Remotely Operated Vehicle RP Return PeriodRWI Raw Water InjectionSCF Stress Concentration FactorSCR Steel Catenary RiserSCSSV Surface Controlled Subsurface

Safety ValveSEMI Semi-Submersible Drilling /

Production VesselSITP Shut-In Tubing PressureSLOR Single Line Offset RiserSLWR Steel Lazy Wave RiserSOL Start of LifeSPAR Deep-Draft Floating Caisson Type

VesselSS Subsea SSIV Subsea Isolation ValveSSV Surface Safety Valve

Tp Peak Wave PeriodTDP Touchdown PointTLP Tension Leg Platform TSA Thermal Sprayed Aluminum TTR Top-Tension Riser TVD True Vertical Depth VIM Vortex Induced Motion VIV Vortex Induced Vibration WCT Wireline or Coiled Tubing WD Water Depth WH Wellhead WI Water Injection WT Wall Thickness WSD Working Stress Design

TABLE 2 – INDUSTRY ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

INDUSTRY RECOMMENDED PRACTICES & STANDARDS:

1. API Standard 2RD (for steel riser design) 2. API RP 1111 - LSD (mainly for SCR design) 3. API Spec 5L (specification for line pipe) 4. DNV-OS-F201 (for steel riser design) 5. DNV-OS-F101 (materials and fabrication) 6. DNV-RP-F203 (riser interference) 7. API Spec 17J (for unbonded flexible pipe) 8. API RP 17B (for flexible pipe) 9. API Spec 17L1 (for flexible pipe ancillary

equipment)10. API RP 17L2 (for flexible pipe ancillary

equipment)

Table 3 – Riser System Options

Riser TypesProduction Platform Types

Compliant Tower TLP SPAR SEMI FPSO - Non Cyclonic Env.

FPSO - Cyclonic Env.

1.0 Wet Tree Riser Systems

1.1

Steel Catenary Riser

1.1.1 Simple Steel Catenary Riser H H H H H NA

1.1.2 Steel Lazy Wave Riser H H H H H H

1.2

Hybrid Riser

1.2.1 Single Leg Hybrid Riser H H H H H H1.2.2 Bundled Hybrid Riser H H H H H H

1.3

Flexible Riser

1.3.1 Bonded Flexible Pipe H H H H H H

1.3.2

Unbonded Flexible Riser

1.3.2.1 Metallic Unbonded Risers H H H H H H1.3.2.2 Non-Metallic Unbonded Risers H H H H H H1.3.2.3 Hybrid Unbonded Risers H H H H H H

1.3.3 Integrated Production Riser H H H H H H2.0 Dry Tree Riser Systems

2.1

Top Tension Riser

2.1.1 Buoyancy Air Tank Tensioner H H H NA NA NA

2.1.2 Hydro-Pneumatic Tensioner Ram Style H H H NA NA NA

2.1.3 Hydro-Pneumatic Tensioner Pull Style H H H NA NA NA

H Installed H In Development H Conceptual / Potentially Feasible

Table 5 – Representative Examples of Hybrid Risers

Name Region Type Water Depth (m)

Year Installed Status Operators Floating Platform

Type

# of Towers or

Risers

Installation Method

West Africa

Girassol Angola Bundle 1,350 2001 Operating Total Elf Spread Moored FPSO 3 Surface Tow

Kizomba A Angola Single Line1,006-1,280

2004 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO 3 J-Lay

Kizomba B Angola Single Line 2004 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO –– J-Lay

BP Greater Plutonio Angola Bundle 1,311 2007 Operating BP Spread Moored FPSO 1 Surface Tow

Rosa Angola Bundle 1,350 2007 Operating Total Elf Spread Moored FPSO 1 Surface Tow

CLOV Angola Bundle / Single Line 1,050-1,410 2011 Operating Total Spread Moored FPSO 3 Surface Tow

Kizomba Satellites Angola Single Line 1,100 2011 Operating Total E&P Spread Moored FPSO 4 J-Lay

PVSM Angola Single Line 2,100 2012 Operating BP Turret Moored FPSO 9 J-Lay

USAN Nigeria Single Line 750 2013 Operating Exxon Spread Moored FPSO 7 J-Lay

Name Region Type Water Depth (m)

Year Installed Status Operators Floating

Platform Type

# of Towers or

Risers

Installation Method

West Africa

EGINA Nigeria Single Line 1,440 –– Detailed Design/Execute Total E&P Spread Moored FPSO 8 J-Lay

Kaombo Angola Single Line 1,600 –– Detailed Design/Execute –– FPSO 18 ––

Brazil

Roncador P-52 Campos Basin Single Line 1,800 2007 Operating Petrobras Semi-Sub FPU 1 J-Lay

Sapinoa Norte & Cernambi Sul Brazil Single Line 2,130 2015 Installing Petrobras Turret Moored FPSO 2 J-Lay

Lula Norte Estremo Sul Brazil Single Line 2,170 –– Detailed Design/Execute Petrobras FPSO 2 J-Lay

Gulf of Mexico

Cascade/Chinook GoM Single Line 2,600 2010 Operating Petrobras Turret Moored FPSO 1 J-Lay

Figure 9 – Top-Tension Riser Components Courtesy of Technip

Courtesy of DeepFlex, NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

Table 4 – Technology Status of Unbonded Flexible Risers

Name Status Specification

Max Allowable Water Depth (WD) Max Inside Diameter (ID) Max Allowable Pressure (Mpa)

WD (m) Associated ID (in)Max

Temperature (°C)

ID (in) Associated WD (m)

Max Temperature (°C) Pressure (Mpa) Associated ID (in) Max

Temperature (°C)

Deepflex Installed 1,500 3.5 60 9 200 70 27 3.5 60

Qualified 3,000 7 120 12 500 90 69 7 120

Enabling 3,500 10 130 16 1,000 120 104 8 130

NOV Installed 1,730 6 130 16.6 300 130 43 12 130

Qualified 2,000 8 130 16 500 130 55 12 130

Enabling 3,500 10 150 16 1,500 150 138 6 150

Technip Installed 2,250 8 130 19 300 130 138 4 130

Qualified 3,000 9 150 20 500 150 138 6 150

Enabling 3,000 12 170 22 500 170 128 9 170

STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FROM SEABED TO SURFACE

2015 DEEPWATER PRODUCTION RISER SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS

Prepared By: Makintha Brany, Venkat Chakkarapani, Joshua Coombes, Gavin Harte, JC Lega, Johann Melillo, Oluwakayode Oke, Alan Whooley of WoodGroupKenny

Downloads available at www.offshore-mag.com.

SOFTWAREMONITORING &INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING FIRMS

UNBONDEDFLEXIBLE RISERS

BONDED FLEXIBLE RISERS FLEXIBLE JOINT CENTRALIZERBUOYANCY

MODULE

DIVERLESS BEND STIFFENER CONNECTOR

BEND STIFFENER & BEND

RESTRICTORS

RISER PIPE,CONNECTOR

& STRESS JOINT

PRODUCTION RISER SYSTEM /COMPONENTS

INSTALLATION EQUIPMENT /

INSPECTION TOOLMID WATER ARCH

& RISER CLAMPTHERMAL

INSULATIONTELESCOPIC JOINT & TERMINATION JOINT

TENSIONING SYSTEM CONTRACTORSVIV SUPRESSION

DEVICEENGINEERINGCONSULTANCY

2H Offshore

AMOG

Aquaterra Energy

Atkins

BPP Tech

Aker Solutions

Saipem

Technip

Ceona

Doris

Flextech

FloaTEC

Gate, Inc.

Genesis

IntecSea

JD Marine

KBR / Granherne

London Marine Consultants

MMI Engineering

RiserTec

Stress Engineering

Technip

Unique Maritime Group

Wood Group Kenny

Xodus Subsea

Fluor

AFGlobal

Aker Solutions

Dril-Quip

GE Oil & Gas

OilPatch Technologies

Oil States

OneSubsea

Precision Castparts

Scana Steel

Tenaris

Wyman-Gordon

RTI International

2H Offshore

4Subsea

Astro Technology

BMT

BPP Tech

Fugro

National Oilwell Varco (NOV)

National Oilwell Varco (NOV)Oil States

Pulse

Schlumberger

Wood Group Kenny

Technip

A & P Group

Aker Solutions

Allpoints (AFGlobal)

Balmoral Offshore

Icon Engineering

London Marine Consultants

Matrix Composites

RiserTec

AFGlobal AIMS International

Allbrown Universal

Balmoral Offshore

Shell Global Solutions

Trelleborg Offshore

VIV Solutions

Aspen Aerogels

Balmoral Offshore

Bredero Shaw

Cabot

ITP Interpipe

ShawCor

Technip

Trelleborg Offshore

AFGlobal

Dril-Quip

GE Oil & Gas

MHWirth

Oil States

OneSubsea

Wyman-Gordon

Saipem

Trelleborg Offshore

Shenzhen Chiwan Sembawang Eng. Co.

ANSYS

Bentley

Dassault Systemes

JD Marine

Marintek

MIT

Orcina

Wood Group Kenny

Zentech

ENGINEERING WITHASSET SUPPORT

McDermott International

Subsea7 DNV GL

AFGlobal

WireCo World Group / Lankhorst Mouldings


DTI

GE Oil & Gas

MHD Offshore

MHWirth



Aquatic

CAN Group

Global Marine Systems

Innospection


Oceaneering

Vallourec &Mannesmann

Balmoral Offshore

Deep Down

Matrix Composites

Trelleborg Offshore


James Fisher and Sons / Fendercare Marine

DeepFlex Magma Global

GE Oil and Gas


Technip

Aker Solutions

Balmoral Offshore

Forum Energy Technologies

Trelleborg Offshore

FES

First Subsea

Oil States

Hutchinson

Trelleborg Offshore

ABCO Subsea

Balmoral Offshore

BRI Offshore

CIRCOR Energy

Deep Down

GE Oil and Gas

Matrix Composites

Oil States

Trelleborg Offshore

Whitefield Plastics

Subsea Energy Solutions


Aker Solutions

Dril-Quip

GE Oil & Gas

GMC


Oil States

OneSubsea

Precision Castparts

SBM Offshore

Technip

Wyman-Gordon

Scana Steel

Vallourec &Mannesmann


Aker Solutions

EMAS

Fugro

Helix Energy Solutions

McDermott International

SapuraKencana

Saipem

Subsea7

Technip

SBM Offshore

Heerema


Chart 1 – COMPANIES WITH SUBSEA RISER SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION

COMPONENTS OF FREE-HANGING RISERS

MANUFACTURERS

COMPONENTS OF TOP-TENSION PRODUCTION RISERS

M A G A Z I N E1455 West Loop South, Suite 400; Houston, TX 77027

Tel: 713-621-9720; Fax: 713-963-6296 www.offshore-mag.com

WoodGroupKenny432 Murray Street

Perth WA6000, AustraliaPhone: +61 8 6314 2555

www.woodgroupkenny.com

A P R I L 2 0 1 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTORS:WoodGroupKenny and Offshore Magazine wish to acknowledge the following individuals and companies who continue to support

our efforts to educate and inform the oil & gas industry on the status of deepwater production riser technology.

2H Offshore: Mike Campbell, Tim Eyles; AF Global Corporation: Christine Mathers; Aker Solutions: Roger Lu, John Nustad, Kate Winterton; Balmoral: Stephen Gibb; DeepFlex: Jessica Knee; INTECSEA: Diane Bailey; NOV: Joachim Christensen, Rusty De La Fuente, Svein Fidje, Allison

Hablinski, Lene Lykke Meisner; Oil States: Brian Mizell, Darlene Morris; Saipem: Fabia Perrone; SBM Offshore: Nicole Fallon-Olivieri; Technip: Aline Elhage, Steven Jin, Sarah Prendergast, Alan Yu; Trelleborg Offshore: Ruth Clay; Xodus Subsea: Fiona Cowie.

POSTER

118 ©20

15 O

ffsh

ore

Information Accuracy: We have attempted to use correct and current, as of press time, information for the riser systems and components described herein. No installed, sanctioned, nor pending application was intentionally excluded. We have summarized the capability and operating experience by acting as a neutral party and integrator of information. Information has been collected from public sources, company brochures, personal interviews, phone interviews, press releases, industry magazines, vendor-supplied information, and web sites. No guarantee is made that information is accurate or all-inclusive. Neither WoodGroupKenny nor Offshore Magazine guarantees or assumes any responsibility or liability for any party’s use of the information presented.

Graph 5 – Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Design Pressure Capability

Graph 4 – Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Water Depth Capability Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

Courtesy of NOV, Technip and WoodGroupKenny

Courtesy of

Courtesy of

Courtesy of

Courtesy of Graph 5 – Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Design Pressure Capability

Graph 4 – Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Water Depth Capability



Industry Qualif ed with API-17J

Graph 1 – Representative Examples of Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) Courtesy of

Table 1 - Alternatives / New Concepts of Riser Systems & Components

# COMPANY CONCEPT NAME/TYPE STAGE OF DEV. (1)

PLATFORM TYPE (2)

DIAMETER (Inches)

WATER DEPTH (Meters)

INSTALLATION METHOD (3)

Rise

r Sys

tem

s

1.1 2H Offshore/Subsea 7 Grouped Single Line Offset Riser F Freestanding 2–20" 1,000 - 3,000 DR1.2 Aker Solutions Dry Tree and TTR System Semi-Submersible M Se 2–20" 500 - 3,000 DR1.3 Aker Solutions Hybrid Riser Tower M Se, Sh 2–20" 1,000 - 3,000 T1.4 INTECSEA Worley Parsons Group TTR with Semi, Tension Leg Semi (TLS) C Se TTR up to 14" 500 - 3,000 DR1.5 Saipem Bundle Hybrid Offset Riser (BHOR) F Freestanding 2–20" 1,000 - 3,000 T1.6 Saipem Single Integrated Riser (SIR) with FPSO C Sh 2–20" 300 - 3,000 J1.7 SBM Offshore MoorSpar M Sh TTR & SCR 1,000 - 3,000 DR1.8 Shell Global Solutions Steel Lazy Wave Riser concept for FPSO F FPSO 6–12" 1,500 - 2,000 R1.9 Technip Dry Tree & TTR, internal, with BMFPSO (Buoy Moored FPSO) C Sh 2–20" 300 - 3,000 DR

1.10 Technip MWCC Free Standing Hybrid Riser M Sh –– 500 - 3,000 DR1.11 Technip Steel Lazy Wave Riser with I-tube on spar F Sp 6" 1,000 - 1,500 R

Rise

r Com

pone

nts

1.12 AFGlobal Corporation Diverless (Pull-in) Riser Connection System F Any 2–20" 75 - 3,000 Attached to riser1.13 Aker Solutions IPUTM (Integrated Production Umbilical) F All 4–12" 3,000 R1.14 Aker Solutions RiserLOCK™ Workover and Early Production Riser System M Se, Sh 5-3/8"–7-3/8" 80 - 3,000 DR

1.15 Balmoral Balmoral Durafloat HT (hybrid insulation / buoyancy modules for high temperature operation) F Any Any 1,000 - 3,000 Attached to riser

1.16 Balmoral Balmoral Riserguard (riser protection / stacking PE modules) F Any Any N/A Attached to riser

1.17 BalmoralBalmoral Superlite-X (lightweight deepwater riser buoyancy modules)

F Any Any 1,000 - 4,500 Attached to riser

1.18 DeepFlex Inc. All Composite Unbonded Flexible Fiber Reinforced Pipe (FFRP®) F Se, Sh, T, Sp 2–20" 300 - 3,000 R1.19 DeepFlex Inc. Hybrid Unbonded Flexible Pipe M Se, Sh, T, Sp 2–20" 300 - 3,000 R1.20 Magma Global m-SLOR free standing composite riser M Freestanding 2–12" 1,000 - 3,000 R, T1.21 MHWirth Clip riser joints F Se, Sh 16–21" 3,600 DR1.22 MHWirth Direct acting riser tensioners / RAM tensioners F T, Se, Sh 16–21" 3,600 DR1.23 MHWirth Telescopic joint F Se, Sh 16–21" 3,600 DR1.24 MHWirth Wireline tensioners F Se, Sh 16–21" 3,600 DR1.25 National Oilwell Varco (NOV) FLEXTREME™ Composite Pipe C Se, Sh 2–16" 300 - 4,000 R1.26 Oil States Gen II FlexJoint™ Technology F Any 4.5– 24" 500 - 3,000 Stab on1.27 Oil States RotoLatch™, stab & lock for riser & tendon F Any various 500 - 3,000 Stab on1.28 RTI Energy / Oil States SCR Hang-off Assemblies F Any 2–24" 500 - 3,000 Attached to riser1.29 SBM Offshore BTM (disconnectable internal turret FPSO) w/ SLWR M Sh 6–12" 1,000 - 3,000 R, J1.30 SBM Offshore GAP System F All 2–20" Unlimited T1.31 GMC Riser Connector M All 6–20” 300 - 3,000 R, J, S1.32 Technip Carbon fiber armor tension layer and steel unbonded flexible riser C Se, Sh, T, Sp 4–16" 1,000 - 3,000 R1.33 Technip Integrated Production Bundle F All 6–10.75" 300 - 1,500 R

1) Field Proven (F), Model Tested/Material Tested (M), Conceptual (C) 2) TLP (T), Semi (Se), Spar (Sp), Ship (Sh) 3) Reeling (R), J-Lay (J), Drill Rig (DR), Towing (T), S-Lay (S)

Courtesy of

1.1

1.12

1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32

1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.21

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10

1.33

1.22

1.11

Figure 1 - Alternatives / New Concepts of Riser Systems & Components Courtesy of

Free Hanging CatenaryAdvantages • Simplest configuration• Minimal subsea infrastructure• Easiest installationDisadvantages• Feasibility challenge for high motion floaters• Potential snatch loading at TDP• Potential compression buckling at TDP• Potential armor wire ‘birdcaging’

Lazy-Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages • Buoyant section de-couples FPU motions from

fixed subsea end• Can accommodate large vessel offsets• Minimal subsea infrastructureDisadvantages• Internal fluid density changes could signifi-

cantly affect configuration• Large excursions under cross current (clashing

with adjacent lines)

Steep-Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages • Buoyant section de-couples FPU motions from

fixed subsea end• Can accommodate large vessel offsets• Accommodates internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages• Requires subsea base and bend stiffener

Fixed-SAdvantages • Subsea structure de-couples FPU motions from

fixed subsea end• Accommodates large vessel offsets• Accommodates internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages• Complex installation• Infrastructure requirements

Tethered Wave (discrete buoyancy modules)Advantages • Configuration not significantly affected by

change in internal fluid density• No subsea bend stiffener requiredDisadvantages• Hold down tether arrangement and clamp

required• More complex make-up and installation

Lazy-S (mid-water arch)Advantages • Decoupled FPU motions• Accommodates large FPU offsets• Large internal fluid density range• Control clashing by clamps on MWADisadvantages• Complex installation• Infrastructure requirements• Response driven by buoy hydrodynamics• Large inertial effects• Potential compression at touchdown point

Steep-S (mid-water arch)Advantages • Decoupled FPU motions• Accommodates large FPU offsets• Large internal fluid density rangeDisadvantages• Complex installation• Infrastructure requirements• Response driven by buoy hydrodynamics

Other less common or conceptual flexible riser configuration concepts:

• Chinese Lantern• Double Wave• Camel-S

Courtesy of

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Water Dep

th (m

) Maxim

um In

stalled dia

meter

Project: Holstein

Graph 1 ‐ Representative Examples of Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs)

Project: Thunder Horse

Project: Atlantis

Project: Mad Dog

2500

30000 5 10 15 20 25 30

Oil\Gas Export SCRs on Spar Production SCRs on Spar Oil\Gas Export SCRs on TLPProduction SCRs on TLP Oil\Gas Export SCRs on Semi‐Sub Production SCRs on Semi‐SubOil\Gas\Flowline SCRs on compliant Tower Oil\Production SCRs on Jacket Gas Export SCRs on FPSOProduction SCRs on FPSO Gas\Water Injection SCRs on FPSO

W

Outer Diameter (in)

Maximum Installed Water Depth Project: Independence Hub

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Water De

pth (

m)

Inside Diameter (in.)

Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Water Depth Capability

NOV

Technip

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20


0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Desig

n Pressu

re (p

si)


Representative Examples of Unbonded Flexible Risers, showing Design Pressure Capability

PxID=70000

PxID=80000

NOV

Technip

1.20

Drill riserbuoyancy

Hybrid risertower buoyancy

Pin/box endprotection

Riser impactprotectionwww.balmoralofshore.com

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2015 Deepwater Production Riser Systems & Components