2014 Weed Control Tactics Alabama Vegetable Conference Stanley
Culpepper UGA Tifton Campus Slide 2 Weed Control Responsibilities
Slide 3 Weed Management At Its Best Mechanical Cultural Herbicide/
Fumigant Slide 4 Agronomic Weed Control Mechanical Cultural
Herbicide Slide 5 Resistance Impacts Agronomic Crops Slide 6
Changes in Herbicide Management 2002: $24/A2010: $63/A Roundup
Burndown Roundup POST 1 Roundup POST 2 Roundup + diuron PD Roundup
+ Valor Burndown1 Gramoxone + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup + Staple
POST 1 Roundup + Dual POST 2 Direx + MSMA PD Slide 7 Photo by A.C.
York 2010 2004: 17% of growers hand-weeded 5% cotton acres at
$2.40/A 2010: 92% of growers hand-weeded 52% cotton acres at
$23.70/A Slide 8 Tillage is now a common scene 2004: 13.1% of
cotton acres cultivated 2010: 32.1% of cotton acres cultivated
Herbicide incorporation: 264,266 A (26.7%)Deep turn: 256,075 A last
3 yr Slide 9 Weed Management At Its Best Mechanical Cultural
Herbicide/ Fumigant DIVERSIFICATION Slide 10 Replacing Methyl
Bromide Great Progress Breakout session-this afternoon Slide 11
Herbicides for Specialty Crops Many believe few options currently
available with few products on the horizon! Slide 12 New GA Veggie
Labels Last 7 Yr 1. Chateau tomato RM 2. Chateau pepper RM 3.
Chateau eggplant RM 4. Chateau watermelon RM 5. Chateau cantaloupe
RM 6. Chateau cucumber RM 7. Chateau squash RM 8. Dual Magnum
pepper topical 9. Dual Magnum broccoli topical 10. Dual Magnum
cabbage topical 11. Dual Magnum collards topical 12. Dual Magnum
cauliflower topical 13. Reflex tomato preplant 14. Reflex pepper
preplant 15. Caparol in Okra 16. Sandea in Okra 17. Dual Mag.
Carrot 18. Dual Mag. Watermelon 19. Dual Mag Cantaloupe 20. Dual
Mag. Sweet Potato 21. Dual Mag. POST in Tomato 22. Dual Mag. POST
in Beans 23. Dual Mag. POST in Kale 24. Dual Mag. POST in Collard
25. Reflex in Watermelon 26. Reflex in Squash 27. Reflex in Pumpkin
28. Treflan - Intercropping Slide 13 Grower Standard + Future
Product? Grower Standard (not a check!!) Notice pigweed Slide 14
Herbicides More Available for GA Vegetable Growers 4 NEW HERBICIDE
USES PER YEAR ON AVERAGE OVER LAST 7 YEARS Slide 15 Why So
Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of Ag Slide
16 Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of
Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3 rd party registration Slide
17 Why So Successful? University/Commodity Commission/Department of
Ag Syngenta Indemnified Labels Valent 3 rd party registration IR-4
Slide 18 Limitations and Concerns 1.Limited number of scientists
working in specialty crops. 2.Most growers scared to death of
herbicides Slide 19 Limitations and Concerns 1. Limited number of
scientists working in specialty crops. - most of our labels 10-12
studies - new corn label 550 studies Slide 20 Dual PRE Dual POST
Slide 21 Herbicide Injury Greatly influenced by excess moisture,
cold, and incorrect spray calibration. Slide 22 Herbicides Can Only
Be As Good As the Person Applying Them 1. Droplet Size nozzle,
pressure, speed Slide 23 GreenLeaf TwinJetAir Induction There is a
fine line between drift management and weed control! Slide 24 Table
1. ASAE S-572.1 Spray Tip Classification by Droplet Size 1.
CategorySymbolColor Code Approximate VMD 2 (Microns) Extremely
FineXFPURPLE~50 Very FineVFRED622 1 Source: TeeJet Technologies
Catalog 51, page 136. 2 VMD = Volume median diameter. Slide 25
Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them
1.Droplet Size nozzle, pressure, speed 2.Adjuvants some products
need Slide 26 Photo credit: Webster Slide 27 Herbicides Can Only Be
As Good As the Person Applying Them 1.Droplet Size nozzle,
pressure, speed 2.Adjuvants some products need 3.Persistence Slide
28 No ReflexReflex 1 pt/A applied 205 days before transplanting
Slide 29 Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them
1.Droplet Size nozzle, pressure, speed 2.Adjuvants some products
need 3.Persistence 4.Relationship with mulch Slide 30 Roundup
PreplantNo Roundup Slide 31 Sandea Dissipation on Mulch 65% 6%
Slide 32 Herbicides Can Only Be As Good As the Person Applying Them
1.Droplet Size nozzle, pressure, speed 2.Adjuvants some products
need 3.Persistence 4.Relationship with mulch 5.Labels www.cdms.net
6.Extension/Manufacture/Dealer Slide 33 Weed Management At Its Best
Mechanical Cultural Herbicide/ Fumigant DIVERSIFICATION Mechanical
Tillage Pre-plant cultivation after harvest Slide 34 Slide 35 No
Deep TillageDeep Turn No Herbicide Treatment Number of Palmer
Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
Slide 36 Slide 37 Influence of burial depth on Palmer amaranth
emergence Keeley et al. (1987) reported 36-44% emergence at 0-1, 7%
at 2, and 2% at 3. Slide 38 Deep TurnDrilled Slide 39 Nutsedge
Number 1 Problem in Plastic Slide 40 Dont plow unless you have
to!!!!!!!!!! Slide 41 Slide 42 Weed Management At Its Best
Mechanical Cultural Herbicide/ Fumigant DIVERSIFICATION Cultural
Crop rotation Plant population Row spacing Planting date Cover
crops Slide 43 Rolling Creates a Mulch that is Critical in Reducing
Palmer amaranth Emergence Slide 44 After Cover is Terminated and it
Rains; Planting will be Ideal for a Significant Amount of Time
Slide 45 70 to 95% control in middle Rye Mulch Reduces Palmer
Emergence Slide 46 Rye/Mulch System Slide 47 7830 b 88,015 d 30,350
c no herbicide no rye 2465 a Palmer amaranth plants per acre as
influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide
rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye Slide 48 1740 b 62350 c 2030 b
no herbicide no rye 435 a Annual grass plants per acre as
influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide
rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye Slide 49 8845 c 44,805 d 5945
b no herbicide no rye 2900 a Yellow nutsedge plants per acre as
influenced by herbicide, rye cover crop, and fumigant. no herbicide
rye herbicides no rye herbicides rye Slide 50 Rye/Mulch System
Fumigant under mulch if wanted Slide 51 Rye/Mulch System Two
Biggest Challenges: 1.Time required to get rye established 2.Delay
in maturity Slide 52 BIOLOGY Integrated to remain sustainable
Management programs Diversity and Integration = Survival Slide 53
Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large Slide 54 230 K 250 28 K 309 K
Giant ragweed 450 K Number of Seed Produced per Plant Ragweed =
Harrison et al. 2001; johnsongrass = Warwick and Black (1983);
horseweed = Regehr and Bazzaz (1979); waterhemp = Nordby and
Hartzler (2004); Palmer amaranth = Macrae et al (2009). Johnson
-grass HorseweedWaterhempPalmer amaranth Slide 55 Palmer amaranth
seed production allows for rapid field domination Year 1Year 3 to 4
Slide 56 Weakness of Pigweeds 1. Emergence depth! 2. Seed life
longevity? 3. Light requirement for emergence. Slide 57 Nutsedge
Tuber Production: The Key YEAR 1: 10 plants (tuber) survive
fumigation 35,000 plants ready for year 2 YEAR 2: control = 95%
control (1750 plants survive) 6,125,000 plants ready for year 3
YEAR 3: control = 95% control (306,250 plants survive)
1,071,875,000 plants ready for year 4 Slide 58 About 3 wk after
emergence = tubers Slide 59 ROTATE DISKING WITH ROUNDUP EVERY 3
WKS. ADD SANDEA IN WITH ROUNDUP ONCE IF NOT CARRYOVER PROBLEMS
Slide 60 Non-treated control Hoelon 2X rate Slide 61 Non-treated
control PowerFlex 3X rate or Osprey at 3X rate Slide 62 Non-treated
control Axial XL 2X rate Slide 63 Non-treated control Was A Future
Product Slide 64 EPA will have great influence 1.Regulatory 2.More
difficult to get new tools 3.Loss of old tools 4.Media sensitivity
5.More paperwork 6.Required training Slide 65 INDUSTRY Georgia
Department of Agriculture Commissioner Gary Black Slide 66
Questions/Comments Culpepper, University of Georgia, Tifton Campus
Slide 67 Cotton/Melon Intercropping Melons planted as normal Cotton
generally planted about 3 week later. GA acreage exceed 3000 during
2013 Slide 68 Cotton/Cucurbit Intercropping Cantaloupe
SquashWatermelon 30 days after transplant Slide 69
Cantaloupe-Cotton Intercropping CantaloupeCotton YieldNo
reduction0-12% reduction Crop value17% increase>1,000 increase
Slide 70 Watermelon-Cotton Intercropping WatermelonCotton YieldNo
reduction12-18% reduction Crop Value14% increase>1,000 increase
Slide 71 Cucurbit crop WatermelonCantaloupeSquash Row crop Soybean
Peanut Cotton Slide 72 Comments?
