Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Summer Internship Project: Rockperm
David Wagenmaker
Note: Surfactant names have been edited out; proprietary information
2FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Safety Moment
▌ The Importance of hearing protection
Damage is done without noticing
▌ Example from the lab
3FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
About Me
▌ Missouri University of Science and Technology
▌ Petroleum Engineer
▌ Graduate this December
▌ Why I am here- the Shale Boom
“The biggest innovation in energy so far this century has been the development of shale gas and the associated resource known as ‘tight oil.’ Shale energy ranks at the top not only because of its abundance in the United States, but also because of its profound global impact – as events in 2014 will continue to demonstrate.” -Daniel Yergin
4FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Rockperm Service
▌ Column Flow Test (CFT)
Measures Surfactant effectiveness when exposed to the fracture environment
− Produced Water
− Produced Oil
− Formation Cuttings
− Fracturing Fluid
Process Description
Metrics
5FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Problems
▌ Test Inconsistency
▌ Orders have slowed down
6FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Problem Identification
▌ Voids
Large example at right
Could they form within the sediment column, out of view?
▌ Decided to test if modified use of the massager prevented formation
7FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Diagnosis
▌ Voids caused by massager
Clearly seen when used without sediment (see picture-->)
▌ Voids appear to form within sediment column
Example: column with calculated pore volume of 2.4 mL absorbed 6.5 mL of oil before breakthrough
▌ Solution: see if consistency improves without the massager
8FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Measuring Consistency
▌ Single Variable Analysis
Use same surfactant, cuttings, fluid, etc.
With massager and without
See if variability improves
▌ AAAAAAAAAA Surfactant used
9FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Single Variable Analysis Results
▌ With Cuttings
Massager dramatically affected Breakthrough Times
BTT is more consistent without the massager
10FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Single Variable Analysis Results: 100% Sand
▌ Massager made very little difference
Variation is much larger than the standard “victory” distance
▌ CFT is less reliable with 100% sand
11FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Single Variable Analysis Results
▌ Displaced Fluid unaffected by massager or sediment composition
▌ Massager affects time, not volume
12FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Measuring Consistency
▌ Primary analysis method: conduct CFT three times with massager and three times without
10 surfactants
See if ranking changes
▌ Different measurement metrics given, least important first
13FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
First Metric: Breakthrough Time
Unmassaged
Massaged
14FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Second Metric: Displaced Fluid
Unmassaged
Massaged
15FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Displaced Fluid: The Numbers
▌ Massager makes little difference
▌ The most consistent Metric
16FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Third Metric: Displacement Rate
▌ The most important
▌ More consistent than Breakthrough Time, less than Displaced Fluid
▌ Again, better unmassaged
17FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Displacement Rate: the numbers
▌ No Massager gets the best results
LOSURF 300D won every time without the massager
The “winner” changed with the massager
18FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Conclusions
▌ Test Consistency, not Accuracy, improved
▌ Rival Surfactant Selection Method: Performance History
Presents long-term challenge to the CFT’s utility
▌ Future: Integration with the Laser-strat test
Take geologic composition, surfactant type (anionic, cationic, nonionic) into account
Travis Honeycutt’s breakout project may enhance the long-term usefulness of this service
19FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Number One reason to get rid of the massager-
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Questions?
