2014

Biodiversity of the mangrove and restinga

endophytic fungi: molecular analysis and

insecticidal activity of metabolites

Apresentação do LAQUIBIO na Universidade de Bath – Inglaterra

Dra. Maria das Graças Machado Freire – ISECENSA – Brazil

June 2014

Brazilian coast

Brazil

Restinga

Mangrove

RESTINGA

restinga

E

F

G

H

Sandbanks

In the north of Rio de

Janeiro state there are

expressive restingas

areas

Plant species can be divided into three basic types of training: region of grass near the sea; beach region with clamps and region of restinga forest

The restingas are characterized by a low plain with mild ondulations

The restingas are highlighted by the large areas they occupy and the formation of

an ecosystem that has a close relationship with the sea

The topography is an important factor of this ecosystem influencing on the

distribution of the vegetation along the coast

The sandy plains are the substrate for various plant communities and are adapted

to physical and environmental conditions

The vegetation becomes dense by the remoteness of the sea to get a higher

scale in the Restinga Forest

The threat posed by real estate

speculation and illegal extraction

of sand: factors that can lead to

the loss of diversity and changes

in the dynamics of environmental

processes that involve the

maintenance of the local

vegetation

MANGROVE

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems, found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Mangroves

Unlike other tropical forests,

mangroves forests are

composed of a relatively

small number of tree and

shrub plant species.

Mangroves are pointed as one

of the most productive

ecosystems in the world.

Mangroves represent a

refuge for many birds

species in a dynamic state

due to intense biological

activity and the reserve of

nutrients and energy in the

long term.

Impacts related to

eutrophication, unplanned

coastal development,

unsustainable exploitation

of resources and

aquaculture are frequent

along the tropical and

subtropical coastlines

MANGROVE - SOURCE OF LIFE AND FOOD:

RESPECT IT!

THESE ARE EMPTY WORDS

Buildings within the Atafona

mangrove

There is little information about the biodiversity of fungi

in mangrove vegetation and restinga and mainly, about

endophytic fungi

Angiosperms Fungi

Mangrove Restinga Total Mangrove Restinga Total

Family/Order 16 90 194 9 9 35

Genus 26 267 1461 9 10 160

Species 29 549 7162 5 7 546

Subspecies - 22 152 - - -

Variety - 34 388 - - 18

Total in Brazil - - 32162 - - 4674

List of Brazil Flora Species . Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro. Available at: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/>. Access

on: 29 Apr. 2014

Mangroves and sandbanks species of flora in the State of Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil - 2014

The highest diversity occurs between the vegetable.

There are many species in restinga and few in mengrove.

Little is known about the lichenized fungi and pathogenic fungi

Leaf spot Late blight Dry rot

Lichenized fungi

Isolation of endophytic fungi

Fungal

Diversity

Production of fungal metabolites

The described populations of

endophytic strains are few, which

means the opportunity to find new

strains and targeting natural products

from endophytic microorganisms that

colonize plants in different niches and

ecosystems is great.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI EXTRACTS

The mechanism or process underlying the production of the plant secondary metabolites by

the endophytic fungi remains enigmatic. Even today it is believed and not proven that the

reason why some endophytes produce certain phytochemicals, originally characteristic of the

host, might be due to a genetic recombination of the endophyte with the host in evolutionary time.

In agriculture, the fungal substances may

represent a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides, whose use has been rejected by society and heavily

controlled by government authorities due to their deleterious effects on human health and the

environment.

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL METABOLITES

LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF FUNGAL METABOLITES

● Isolated endophytes of Picea rubens: effect on Choristoneura fumiferana larvae, acting as appetite inhibitor

● Aspergillus fumigatus isolated of the Melia azedarach: inhibitory action of appetite on Mythimna separata larvae

● Penicillium sp, isolated from roots of Derris elliptica: strong inhibitory activity of the appetite on Plutella xylostella larvae and toxicity to aphids Lipaphis erysimi

CONTROL

Effect of the

Alternaria sp.

metabolites (AltE7) on

the development of

S. frugiperda larvae

LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF FUNGAL METABOLITES: MECHANISMS OF ACTION

• Trypsin and chymotrypsin are the bestknown serine proteases and are exclusively expressed in the digestive tract and responsible for hydrolyzing proteins, which ultimately provide nutrients to the body.

Dosage of trypsin and chymotrypsin in S.

frugiperda larvae fed with fungal

metabolites

Thus, our research was aimed at

identifying the metabolites of endophytic

fungi, and evaluating the larvicide activity

of the different growth stages, by means of

mortality assays, trypsin, chymotrypsin

and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition.

LAQUIBIO

OUR RESEARCH GROUP