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2014 AP Biology Exam, question 1 Read each question carefully and completely. Write your response in the space provided for each question. Only material written in the space provided will be scored. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable. 1. Catechol, a natural substance found in plants, reacts with oxygen to produce benzoquinone and water, as represented by the chemical equation above. The reaction is catalyzed in plants by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Accumulation of benzoquinone in plant tissue results in the gradual appearance of a brown color. A student observes that lemon juice slows the browning of apple slices. The student claims that lemon juice slows the browning process by altering the activity of polyphenol oxidase. To test the claim, the student distributes equal amounts of a dilute catechol solution to 6 identical test tubes. The pH of each solution was adjusted as shown in the table, and the initial absorbance was recorded. Equal amounts of polyphenol oxidase were added to each reaction tube. After 10 minutes at room temperature the absorbance of 389 nm light (A 389 ) was measured for each sample. Solutions containing greater concentrations of benzoquinone absorb more light. The changes in A 389 are shown in the table below. POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY Test Tube pH Change in A 389 After Incubation with Enzyme A 1.0 0.06 B 3.0 0.09 C 5.0 0.23 D 7.0 0.83 E 9.0 0.32 F 11.0 0.10 (a) On the axes provided, construct an appropriately labeled bar graph to analyze the effect of pH on polyphenol oxidase activity. (b) Based on the experimental results, estimate the optimal pH of the enzyme. Explain your estimate by connecting the experimental results to the structure and function of proteins. (c) Propose an appropriate control treatment for the experiment, and describe how the control treatment would increase the validity of the results.

2014 AP Biology Exam, question 1 · 2014 AP Biology Exam, question 1 Read each question carefully and completely. Write your response in the space provided for each

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2014 AP Biology Exam, question 1 

Read each question carefully and completely. Write your response in the space provided for each 

question. Only material written in the space provided will be scored. Answers must be written out in 

paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable.  

 

1. Catechol, a natural substance found in plants, reacts with oxygen to produce benzoquinone and water, as represented by the chemical equation above. The reaction is catalyzed in plants by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Accumulation of benzoquinone in plant tissue results in the gradual appearance of a brown color.   

    A student observes that lemon juice slows the browning of apple slices. The student claims that 

lemon juice slows the browning process by altering the activity of polyphenol oxidase. To test the 

claim, the student distributes equal amounts of a dilute catechol solution to 6 identical test tubes. 

The pH of each solution was adjusted as shown in the table, and the initial absorbance was 

recorded. Equal amounts of polyphenol oxidase were added to each reaction tube. After 10 minutes 

at room temperature the absorbance of 389 nm light (A389) was measured for each sample. 

Solutions containing greater concentrations of benzoquinone absorb more light. The changes in A389 

are shown in the table below.  

POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY  

Test Tube  pH  Change in A389 After 

Incubation with Enzyme 

A  1.0  0.06 

B  3.0  0.09 

C  5.0  0.23 

D  7.0  0.83 

E  9.0  0.32 

F  11.0  0.10 

(a) On the axes provided, construct an appropriately labeled bar graph to analyze the effect of pH on polyphenol oxidase activity.  

(b) Based on the experimental results, estimate the optimal pH of the enzyme. Explain your estimate by connecting the experimental results to the structure and function of proteins.  

(c) Propose an appropriate control treatment for the experiment, and describe how the control treatment would increase the validity of the results.  

    

  

Genetic engineering can be used to disrupt specific genes in the genome of an organism. Predict how 

the browning of apple slices would be affected in a strain of apples that was genetically engineered to 

lack functional copies of the gene encoding polyphenol oxidase. Justify your response. 

PAGE FOR ANSWERING QUESTION 1  

  

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Cells transport substances across their membranes. Choose THREE of the following four types of cellular transport.

Osmosis Active Transport Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis/exocytosis

For each of the three transport types you choose

a. describe the transport process and explain how the organization of cell membranes functions in the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

 

2. Membranes are important structural features of cells. Describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP in either cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2014 AP Exam, Question 7 

According to the chemiosmotic model proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961, an electrochemical gradient is linked to the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria. Construct an explanation of the chemiosmotic model by doing each of the following.  

(d) Make a claim about the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in ATP synthesis.  

(e) Present ONE piece of evidence that supports the role you proposed in part (a).  

(f) Provide reasoning to explain how the evidence you presented in part (b) supports the claim you made in part (a).  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Describe the story of a protein secreted from a eukaryotic cell ‐ from its humble beginnings as a DNA 

molecule to a fully‐formed protein outside of the cell. Be sure to include all of the organelles involved 

along the way.