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 " CIMR Research Working Paper Series Working Paper No 11 !"# " %&"'()#* +#),&-.)%/ 0& "# &#%-&1-&#&+-)"2 +#),&-.)%/3 Civic Entrepreneurship and the Formation of A Cultural Cluster in Ashland, Oregon 1   by Henry Etzkowitz Human Sciences and Technologies Advanced Research Institute (H-STAR), Stanford University Cordura Hall, 210 Panama Street, Stanford, CA94305-4115, the USA +1-6505614569 [email protected] May 1, 2013 ISSN 2052-062X 1  !"#$ &'&() *)'+$ ,&-. /''. '.* 0123-+#12 45-+() -6 7,81,)'8 0.1)(&)(.(,)$"#&9 7'$( :1,*; 6-) 5)-<(=1 -. >.#?()$#1;@A,$#.($$ 7--&()'1#-. #. 1"( >.#1(* :1'1($ '.* 7'.'*' 6-) 1"( B#)(=1-)'1( C(.()'8 6-) 0*,='1#-. '.* 7,81,)( -6 1"( 0,)-&('. 7-DD#$$#-. 0E7 FG@GFHFI J)'D(+-)3 :()?#=( 7-.1)'=1 1- &)-?#*( (K&()1#$( '.* $,&&-)1 6-) 0,)-&('. 7--&()'1#-. #. 0*,='1#-. '.* !)'#.#.LI M-1 NO

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  " 

CIMR Research Working Paper Series

Working Paper No 11

!"# " %&"'()#* +#),&-.)%/ 0& "# &#%-&1-&#&+-)"2 +#),&-.)%/3

Civic Entrepreneurship and the Formation of A Cultural Cluster in Ashland, Oregon1 

 by

Henry Etzkowitz

Human Sciences and Technologies Advanced Research Institute (H-STAR), Stanford University

Cordura Hall, 210 Panama Street, Stanford, CA94305-4115, the USA

+1-6505614569

[email protected] 

May 1, 2013

ISSN 2052-062X 

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M-1 NO

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 Entrepreneurship classification 

•   by target/mission (why) 

commercial entrepreneurship 

social entrepreneurship humanistic entrepreneurship 

•   by actors (who)

Collective entrepreneurship 

(such as institutional, community, civic entrepreneurship)

Individual entrepreneurship 

•   by content fields (what) ---- political entrepreneurship , cultural, scientific,

technology, educational, academic, arts entrepreneurship.

Table 1 Classification of entrepreneurship3

 

Performance Purposes  Missions Who serving for  

HE Better life of an

individual

To help an

individual have a

 better life 

Human

improvement in

 physical and

mental 

An individual 

SE  Social impact  To create socialvalue 

Chasing social

impact andcreating social

value 

Specific social

groups such as the

disabled, the poor,women or children

in poverty 

CE 

Economic profitor commercial

income 

To chasecommercial profit

maximization 

The best business 

The best profit

The staff welfare 

Users of products

or service 

% '()*+,-./0.1.*2 2+ 345 678*9:* ;7+8

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 Mapping civic entrepreneurship

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