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8/10/2019 2013-VII. Flow Sheeting
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Chemical Engineering Drawing
Menggambar Teknik Proses(ENCH600014)
Topic VII
Process Flowsheeting
Departement of Chemical Engineering
Universitas Indonesia
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Types of diagrams
Block Diagram
Material Flow Sheet
Energy Flow Sheet
Process Flow Diagram
Information Flow Diagram
Piping & Instrumentation
Diagram
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Block Diagram
Simplest form of presentation
Each Block can be represent
a single piece of equipment or
a complete stage in the process
For complex processes,
1. usage of block diagram is limited to showing the overall
process
2. represent only the principle stages
Useful for representing a process in a simplified form in reports and
text books, but have only a limited use as engineering document
Stream flow rates and compositions can be shown
oadjacent to stream lines when only a small amount of information
is shown
o in a separate table
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Liquid
storage
LS- 01
Liquid
storage
LS- 02
Mixing
M-03
Reactor
R-04
For recycling
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Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Is the pictorial representation of the process layout with standard
symbols
Equipment should be drawn approximately to the scale (mainlyprincipal equipment)
All equipment should be labeled
Is shown the sequence of unit operations and stream connections
Slide 7
Usually include auxiliary services to the process
circulating oil
air
water
Steam
flue gas
refrigeration, etc. Slide 8
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Slide 6
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Fragment of PFD
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Reactor
Heat exchange
Tray columnFluid
contacting
column
Sealed tank
Standard symbols
BS 8888 ; BS 1553
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Material Flow Sheet
Is drawn with standard symbols and labeled and include all data
obtained
If no space available to label equipment, a equipment key can be
drawn at the bottom of the flow sheet
Following data should be shown on the flow sheet in deferent ways
flow rate of each component
total stream flow rate
percentage composition
Simplest method suitable for simple processes with few
equipments, tabulate the data in blocks alongside the process
stream Slide 14
Better method applicable for all complex processes, stream line is
numbered and the data tabulated at the top or bottom of the sheet
(above and below the equipment layout) Slide 15
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Energy Flow Sheet
Energy balance is to determine the energy requirement of the
process:
the heating, cooling and power required.
In energy flow sheet
Inlet and outlet energy flow rates should be shown separately for
each piece of equipment
Include
energy (calculated by total enthalpy form or using specific
capacity data) of each component in all (inlet and outlet)streams
- process conditions of all (inlet and outlet) streams
- process conditions of the specific equipment
S
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Energy Balance Sheet
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Information Flow Diagram (IFD)
Is used in simulation programmes
Is presented by blocks
Each block represents a calculation module in the
simulation programme, usually a process unit or
part of a unit
units in which no change of composition ortemperature or pressure occurs are omitted from
IFD
But other operations not shown on the process
flow diagram as actual pieces of equipment, butwhich can cause changes in the stream
composition must be shown.
Flow of information should be shown with lines and
arrow
Pi i & I t t ti Di (P & I)
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Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P & I)
Shows the engineering details of equipment, instrument, piping,
valves and fittings and their arrangement
Sometimes called as Engineering Flow Sheet or Engineering Line
Diagram
P & I should be included with
All process equipment identified by equipment number
All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and material of
construction should be shown (material may include as a part of the
identification number)
All valves with an identification no. along with their type & size
should be shown
Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such as inline sight
glasses, strainers and stream traps with an identification no.
Pumps identified by a suitable code no.
All control loops and instruments with identification
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MeasuredVariable TypeofConditioner TypeofComponent
F=Flow R=Recorder T=Transmitter
L=Level I=Indicator M=Modifier
P=Pressure C=Controller E=Element
Q=Quantity A=Alarm
T=Temperature
nstrument dentification
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Pure oxygen is manufactured by liquefying air and distilling it to
recover pure oxygen and nitrogen. The entering air is contactedwith potassium hydroxide solution in a CO2 absorption tower to
remove carbon dioxide. The air (free of carbon dioxide) is then
sent through a compressor to increase its pressure to 200 atm. In
this process the temperature of arises to 50 0C and this is cooled
to 30 0C in a water-cooled heat exchanger. The resultant air at200 atm and 30 0C is cooled to -30 0C in a first stage cooler and it
is further cooled to -180 0C in a second stage cooler. The liquefied
air mixture (N2 and O2) is distilled in a distillation column to
produce a distillate product of 98% N2 and 2% O2 and a bottom
product of 99% O2 and 1% N2.
Draw a block diagram for the above process and indicate all
process streams by arrows and label all streams and process
units with pressure, temperature and compositions as per the
above process description
Example :
KOH
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Absorption
CoolerCooler
Heat
Exchanger
Compressor
Distillation
Unit
Air
KOH
CO2
CO2 Free
Air
Compressed air
500
C, 200 Atm
Water
WaterCooled air
300C, 200 Atm
Cooled air
-300C, 200 Atm
Liquified Air Mixture
-1800CDistilled Product
N2 98%
O2 2%
Bottom Product
N2 1%
O2 99%
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Approach for Conceptual Design
T i l W kfl I F d D i
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Typical Workflow In Front-end Design
Projects
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Work Flow For Developing P&ID and PFD
EquipmentData Sheet
Plot Plan
Process Flow Diagram(PFD)
Piping & Instrument Diagram(P&ID)
Material Selection Diagram(MSD)
Piping ServiceClass
PerhitunganHidrodinamika
ClientSpecification
PipingDesign
InstrumentDesign
MainFlow
&
ControlSystem
Equipment Sizing
EquipmentLocation
Material Piping sizel
Client requirementMaintenance Philosophy
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Introduction to notation for various important
equipments in P&ID
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Numbering of equipments and instruments
Agitators, Mixers
Equipment/Item Number
Title/Service
Power Requirements
Materials of Construction
Vessels/Tanks
Equipment/Item Number
Title/Service
Size, Capacity
Design Pressure @ Temperature Materials of Construction
Trim
Insulation
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5. Penomoran Pipa (Line Numbering)
Jika kita akan memulai penomoran line (pipa) dari angka 100 untuk membedakandan memudahkan pencarian. Dan pipa untuk service fluida HC terdiri dari 5 kelasuntuk berbagai rating dan maximum working pressure yang dapat dicapai, makapenotasian dapat berupa kelas A s/d E untuk service fluida HC ini, yang dibedakandengan ratingnya, misalnya kelas C s/d E untuk rating pipa yang lebih tinggi karenaadanya kontaminan CO2 dalam fluida HC tersebut.
Selanjutnya berapa ukuran pipa yang dimaksud (setelah dipastikan denganperhitungan proses tentunya) adalah penotasian berikutnya, sehingga penotasianlengkap dapat berupa :
100 - A - 2" atau 100 - HC - A - 2"
Berarti : angka 100 adalah line number, huruf HC merupakan jenis fluida,
huruf A adalah kelas yang dimaksud misal kelas 150#,
2" adalah ukuran pipanya.
Semua hal ini harus cocok dengan notasi pada gambar isometrik perpipaan yangada serta segala macam gambar yang diproduksi oleh departemen piping.
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6. Pengenalan berbagai simbol dalam P&ID
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Simbol Valve
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Simbol Garis
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Simbol Pipa
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Simbol Instrumentasi
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7. Pengenalan komponen penting lainnya dalam P&ID
Drawing index : berisi daftar nomor P&ID dan judul-judul dari P&ID alurprocess/utilities yang dibuat, revisi yang pernah dibuat serta status P&IDtersebut apakah gambar dibuat untuk keperluan konstruksi atau untukkeperluan demolish/removal. Judul yang dapat dibuat untuk sebuah P&IDbisa berupa penggambaran satu buah equipment dalam alur prosesutamanya, misal High Pressure Separator (V-2001 A). Drawing index ini
penomorannya dapat dimulai dari 00, melanjutkan contoh diatas makanomor drawing index adalah DM-PP-2000 sheet 1 of 3, dengan judul :Drawing Index.
Simbol-simbol baik simbol statik/rotating equipment, instrumentasi,piping, elektrikal yang diperlukan dalam proyek tersebut yang dipecah jadibeberapa sheet bila diperlukan maka penomorannya bisa dicontohkanDM-PP-2000 sheet 2 and 3 of 3, melanjutkan notasi penomoran daridrawing index, dengan berjudul standard symbol and legend.
Sambungan (link) antara berbagai P&ID harus match baik itu pipingnya :ukuran, spek, line numbernya maupun posisinya. Kemudian juga sinyalinstrumentasi yang ada, baik itu signal elektrikal ataupun pneumatic.Tentunya bagan to and from dari dan ke berbagai P&ID untukpenotasian piping atau sinyal itu harus dicantumkan lengkap disitu
sehingga memudahkan pencarian dan pengertiannya aliran atau dari dankemana sin al itu ber alan.
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Penulisan simbol
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Contoh P&ID
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Control valve loop
FC
4300#
PC
005
PY
005
PV
005
I/P
H
L
PT
005
4
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LT/FT Cascade Control
FC
4300#
FV102
4
6-PL-10042-AA11-N
FT102
FE102
300#
LT
105DISP
SP
LI105
H
L
FC102
6-PL-10042-AA11-N
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Split range control(1)
H
L
PT001
I/P
8-PG-10043-AA11-N
FC/TSO4300#
PY001D
PV001B
I/P
6-PG-10042-BA21-N
FC
4300#
PY001C
PV001A
a
2xa
2x(a-50)
0 100PIC OUTPUT
100
0
A
CVOPENING
6
6-PG-10043-BA21-N
6
4
PY001A
PY001B
P
PC001
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Split range control(2)
2-PG-10102-AA11-N
I/P
3-PG-10101-AA11-N
1-1/2
PY001D
PY001A
a
2x(50-a) 2x(a-50)
0 100PIC OUTPUT
100
0
A
CVOPE
NING
I/P
FC1
PY001C
PV001A
PC001
AH
AL
PT001
FC
PV001B
2
3
1-1/2
2
PY001B
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Typical centrifugal compressor
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