2013 BAA - Anatomy of the Respiratory System

7/27/2019 2013 BAA - Anatomy of the Respiratory System

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Anlu`c < Ycspdrktnry Uystca

; . ;3

; Dmtrnluetdnm tn Ycspdrktnry Uystca

;-; Lchdmdtdnms Akdm humetdnm nh rcspdrktnry systca cxejkmgc gkscs ictwccm inly kml ktanspjcrc Gcmcrk``y spckbdmg? rcspdrktnry rchcrs tn 9 prnecsscs?

n Cxtcrmk rcspdrktdnm? Kisnrptdnm nh Nxygcm ( rcanvk` nh ekrinm ldnxdlc hrna inly ks k wjn`c

n Dmtcrmk` rcspdrktdnm? Ssc nh Nxygcm kml prnluetdnm nh ekrinm ldnxdlc iy ec``s dm inly

\ntk` ùmg ekpkedty n 8666a`? Hnrecl lccp ircktjc Xnùac nh kdr dm ùmg khtcr k hnrechu` dmspdrktdnm

\dlk` vnùac n 366a`? Mnrak` ircktjdmg vnùac nh kdr dmspdrc . cxpdrc lurdmg ckej rcspdrktnry eye`c n Mnrak` ircktjdmg ;9 96 ircktjcs pcr admutc$

Lckl kdr spkec n ;36a`? Kdr rcakdmdmg dm pksskgcs

Admutc vnùac n Kanumt nh kdr tjkt anvcs dm kml nut nh tjc ùmgs pcr admutc n \dlk` Xnùac x rcspdrktnry rktc *;9 96 ipa$ 1 admutc vnùac

n X\ nr tdlk` vnùac ds tjc kanumt nh kdr tjc ùmgs ircktjc dm nmc ircktj,n XC nr admutc vnùac ds tjc muaicr nh ircktjsn YY *rcspdrktnry rktc nr h1hrcqucmey$ ircktjcl dm nmc admutc tdacs tjc tdlk` vnùac-n \jus X\ x YY 1 XC-

536a` x ;9 ircktjs pcr admutc 1


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9 . ;3

9-; Mnsc

Humetdnms nh tjc mnsc? Vrnvdlc km kdrwky hnr ircktjdmg Wkras kml andstcms dmspdrcl *ircktjcl dm$ kdr

Hd`tcrs kml e`ckmscs dmspdrcl kdr Jc`ps dm rcsnmkmec hnr spccej *lccp, enmtdmunus e`ckrmcss$ Jnuscs tjc n`hketnry *sac``$ rcecptnrs

9-;-; 9 mnscs hrna km Kmktnadek` Xdcw Vndmt? Cxtcrmk kml Dmtcrmk` Mnsc Cxtcrmk Mnsc

n Cxtcrmk Mnsc hnracl hrna mksk inmc kml k ekrtd`kgc prntrusdnm n \jds k` ds envcrcl iy sbdm n npcmdmg nh cxtcrmk` mnsc ek``cl mnstrd`s nr mkrcs n `cht kml rdgjt mnstrd`s scpkrktcl iy ekrtd`kgc pkrtdtdnms ek``cl mksk scptua

Dmtcrmk` Mnsc n

Mksk` Ekvdty

`dcs

pnstcrdnr

tn

Cxtcrmk`

Mnsc

n Inmcs nh Ubu` hnra rnnh nm Mksk n H`nnr nh Mksk Ekvdty hnras hrna Vk`ktc *Ucpkrktcs Mksk Ekvdty hrna Nrk` Ekvdty$


3/15


5 . ;3

9-9 Mksk Ekvdty

Mksk Ekvdty oust supcrdnr tn mkrcs *mnstrd`s$ `dmcl wdtj tdmy jkdrs hd`tcr dmspdrc kdr- Mksk Ekvdty Ydej`y supp`dcl wdtj i`nnl vcssc`s

n *Wkras Dmspdrcl kdr ichnrc pksscl tjrnugj rcst nh Ycspdrktnry Uys-$ Ycst nh Mksk Ekvdty `dmcs wdtj auenus acairkmcs

n Auenus? \rkp Smwkmtcl Hnrcdgm Vkrtde`cs ircktjcl dm n Auenus? K`sn enmtkdms kmtdiketcrdk` cmzyac *jc`ps bd``s nh dmvkldmg iketcrdk$

Mksk Ekvdty jks 5 prnocetdnms hrna sdlcwk``s nh ckej mksk Ekvdty *bmnwm ks Mksk \uridmktcs$ n *\jds ds tn cmsurc dmspdrcl kdr enacs dmtn enmtket wdtj jkdrs, auenus, kml tjc i`nnl vcssc`s$

9-5 Vjkrymx

Ujkrc iy rcspdrktnry KML ldgcstdvc systca

@dcs ictwccm mnsc kml ncsnpjkgus.`krymx Ncsnpjkgus gncs tn tjc stnakej

9-5-; Mksnpjkrymx

Enmldtdnm dm wjdej k lrug ekm kml sjnu`l ic gdvcm

9-5-9 Nrnpjkrymx

Vdpc tjkt `ckl tn stnakej

9-< @krymx @krymx *vndec inx$ `dcs wdtj dm tjyrndl ekrtd`kgc *Klkas Kpp`c$ dm mceb- \jyrndl ekrtd`kgc cksd`y `nektcl

dm adl`dmc nh mceb, ic`nw okw icekusc nh dts sdzc \uiu`kr strueturc `dcs kmtcrdnr tn ncsnpjkgus Kets ks kdr pksskgc wky KML spcedk``y strueturcl tn ercktc snuml Krrkmgcacmt nh tdmy inmc, ekrtd`kgcs, ause`cs kml twn vnek` enrls

n Kdr cmtcrs vdk mnsc wjcrc ds wkracl . juadldhdcl kml hd`tcrcl- n Vksscs tjrnugj pjkrymx kml `krymx kml lnwm tjc trkejck dmtn `umgs

CVDG@N\\DU Utrueturc wjdej prntcets kdrwky lurdmg swk``nwdmg @ckh `dbc strueturc h`nps nvcr tn prcvcmt hnnl hrna cmtcrdmg kdrwky

9-3 \rkejck

Ic`nw tjc `krymx ds trkejck wjdej ds scad rdgdl tuic " ;9-3 ea dm `cmgtj Uuppnrt iy E sjkpcl rdmg nh ekrtd`kgc prcvcmt dt hrna en``kpsdmg wjcm kdr anvcs dm . nut nh `umgs


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< . ;3

\rkejck cmls kt ekrdmk wjcrc dt ldvdlcs dmtn twn irnmejd wjdej cmtcr dmtn ùmgs kml ldvdlcs hurtjcr dmtn irnmejdn`cs

\rkejck *wdmlpdpc$ icgdms ic`nw tjyrndl ekrtd`kgc ekm ic hc`t dm adl`dmc nh mceb umtd dt ldskppckrs dmtn ejcst *tjnrkede ekgc$ kt `cvc` nh Utcrmk Mntej

Utcrmk Mntej ds tjc jn``nw ictwccm twn acldk` cmls nh e`kvde`cs

\rkejck k`sn `dmcl iy auenus acairkmc enmtkdmdmg ec``s wjdej scerctc auenus ec``s wdtj ed`dk *jkdr`dbc strueturcs$ tn anvc scerctdnms upwkrls tn pjkrymx

9-8 \jnrkede Ekgc

Enmsdsts nh Inmcs kml snht tdssuc Inmcs krc? Ydis? ;9 nm ckej sdlc *;9 pkdrs$ Utcrmua *Irckstinmc$? kmtcrdnr tn wjdej tjc rdis ondm Updmc? pnstcrdnr tn wjdej nppnsdtc cml nh ckej rdi ondms Unht tdssuc? enmsdsts nh dmtcr enstk` ause`cs

9-7 @umgs Kpprnxdaktc`y skac sjkpc ks tjnrkede ekvdty MN\ kttkejcl tn tjnrkede ekvdty jkmg hrcc`y wdtjdm dt

n Uuspcmlcl iy trkejck . krtcrdcs kml vcdms wjdej rum tn kml hrna ùmgs kml iy `dgkacmts wdtj tjcdr ikscs `ydmg nm tjc ldkpjrkga

Ydgjt ùmg ldvdlcl dmtn tjrcc `nics *Irnmejd ds sjnrtcr tjkm `cht$ @cht ùmg ldvdlcl dmtn twn `nics *`cht ùmg gdvcs wky hnr jckrt$ Ckej ùmg enmsdsts nh irnmejd, irnmejdn`cs kml k`vcn`d @umgs jkvc MN ause`c tdssuc

9-: Irnmejd Ckej akdm irnmejus *`cht kml rdgjt$ pksscs dmtn enrrcspnmldmg ùmg Ydgjt irnmejus? sjnrtcr kml strkdgjtcr Hrna ckej irnmejus muacrnus sak``cr irnmejd krc gdvcm nhh Utrueturc nh irnmejd ds sdad`kr tn trkejck dmenap`ctc `nnps nh ekrtd`kgc akdmtkdm sjkpcs nh tuics K`sn `dmcl wdtj auenus acairkmcs enmtkdmdmg ed`dk kml auenus ec``s


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3 . ;3

9-:-; Irnmejdn`cs

Uak``cst irnmejdk` tuics rchcrrcl tn ks irnmejdn`cs

9-:-9 K`vcn`d *\cradmk` Kdr Ukes$ Irnmejdn`cs cmtcr k`vcn`d *kdr skes$

\jds ds

wjcrc

gkscnus

cxejkmgc

tkbcs

p`kec

ictwccm

nxygcm

kml

ekrinm

ldnxdlc

K`vcn`d *Udmgu`kr k`vcnùs$ krc kdr skes NMC ec`` tjdeb Uurrnumlcl iy ekpd``krdcs tn k``nw nxygcm kml ekrinm ldnxdlc tn pkss tjrnugj cksd`y

9-4 V`curk Lnui`c `kycr nh sanntj kml s`dppcry tdssuc envcrdmg ckej ùmg V`curk jc`ps us ircktj

9-4-; Xdsecrk V`curk

Dmmcr `kycr nh p`curk Envcrs nutsdlc *kmtcrdnr$ nh ùmgs

9-4-9 Vkrdctk V`curk

Nutcr `kycr nh p`curk Envcrs dmsdlc nh tjnrkede ekvdty

9-4-5 Vkrdctk Hùdl

Hùdl dm spkec ictwccm vdsecrk kml pkrdctk` p`curk` Vrcvcmts hrdetdnm hrna neeurrdmg

9-;6 Ldkpjrkga Lnac sjkpcl ause`c scpkrktcs tjnrkede kml kilnadmk` strueturcs Akdm ause`cs enmecrmcl wdtj ircktjdmg


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8 . ;3

5 Ircktjdmg

5-; Dmtrnluetdnm tn ircktjdmg Ircktjdmg dm ds enmtrketdmg nh ldkpjrkga Ircktjdmg nut ds rc`kxcl stktc nh ldkpjrkga *enmvcrsc`y$

Ycspdrktdnm enmtrn``cl iy irkdmstca n Dmhnraktdnm trkmsadttcl vdk spdmk enrl tn ause`cs nh rcspdrktdnm? ldkpjrkga, dmtcrenstk` ause`cs

Enmtrketdnm nh ldkpjrkga kml dmtcrenstk` ause`cs `ckl tn dmjk`ktdnm enmvcrsc`y rc`kxktdnm nh tjnsc ause`cs `ckls tn cxjk`ktdnm

Enmtrketdnm nh ldkpjrkga enmtrn``cl iy pjrcmde mcrvc wjdej nrdgdmktcs kt ecrvdek 5,


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7 . ;3

< Gkscnus Cxejkmgc


8/15


: . ;3

3-;-; E`dmdek` pdeturc nh Kstjak Ldhhdeu`ty dm cxpdrktdnm *ircktjdmg NS\ ds tjc prni`ca$

n Vurscl `dps n Udgms nh eykmnsds n Ldhhdeu`t dm spccej

n Enugj Ikrrc` Ejcst n Jypcr rcsnmkmt *jdgj pdtejcl snuml$ n Wjcczdmg tjcm sd`cmt ejcst n \kejypmck *hkst ircktjdmg$

Keecssnry ause`c usc n Vt- wd` ic sdttdmg dm tjc trdpnl pnsdtdnm n Ssdmg stnakej ause`cs tn ircktj n Ssdmg mceb ause`cs tn ircktj

Lcerckscl @NE *`keb nh enmsednusmcss$ n Kgdtktdnm n Ycst`cssmcss \kejyekrldk *jckrt ickts nvcr ;96 ipa$

3-;-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt Kda ds tn?

n Nxygcmktc n Irnmejnld`ktc n Utnp rcketdnm

Jdstnry? n Jnw `nmg jks tjc kttkeb `kstcl n Wjkt acldektdnm wks tkbcm

Kdrwky? Anst dapnrtkmt n AKDM\KDM KDYWKT

Ircktjdmg? n Mciu`dscl nxygcm n Ikeb up ckr`y *dh mcclcl$

Vkrtdk rc ircktjcr aksb Mciu`dzcr *"


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4 . ;3

Jypntcmsdnm *`nw i`nnl prcssurc$ Wdlcsprckl dtejdmg

3-9-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt Ukac ks Kstjak

3-5 Vuànmkry Nclcak Neeurs wjcm @CH\ sdlc nh JCKY\ ekmmnt rcanvc i`nnl ks hkst ks YDGJ\ sdlc lc`dvcrs i`nnl Hùdl iud`ls up dm k`vcn`d kml ùmg tdssuc ictwccm k`vcn`d kml puànmkry ekpd``krdcs Nclcak icgdms tn dmtcrhcrc wdtj gkscnus cxejkmgc

3-5-; Udgms kml syaptnas Lyspmck *ldhhdeu`ty ircktjdmg$ wdtj sjk``nw kml rkpdl rcspdrktdnms Hrntjy pdmb sputua Jdstnry nh Enmgcstdvc Jckrt Hkdùrc

3-5-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt

KIE Nxygcm Xdtk Udgms \rkmspnrt dm enahnrtki`c pnsdtdnm hnr pt- Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

3-< Ejrnmde Nistruetdvc Vuànmkry Ldscksc Aky rcsu`t hrna ldrcet ùmg kml kdrwky lkakgc hrna dmhcetdnm NY dmjk`ktdnm nh tnxde suistkmec K@UN

ek``cl EN@L EN@L? Ejrnmde Nistruetdvc @umg Ldscksc

n Capjyscak n Ejrnmde irnmejdtds n Kstjak

3-


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;6 . ;3

Jypnxdk *pt- mnt mnrak``y eykmntde pdmb puhhcr$ Ycspdrktnry hkdùrc

3-3-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt KIE

Nxygcm Xdtk Udgms \rkmspnrt dm enahnrtki`c pnsdtdnm hnr pt- Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$ Yckssurc pktdcmt CAN\DNMK@ suppnrt

3-8 Upnmtkmcnus Vmcuantjnrkx Uurhkec nh ùmg ds ldsruptcl kdr csekpcs dmtn p`curk` spkec chhcets c`kstdedty nh ùmg tdssuc Vmcuantjnrkx anst enaanm`y ekusc iy trkuak ekm k`sn ic ekusc iy acldek` enmldtdnm Aky neeur dm pt- wdtj ejrnmde ùmg dmhcetdnm ( pt- inrm wdtj wckb krcks dm ùmgs Kstjak kml capjyscak pt- jdgj rdsb nh spnmtkmcnus pmcuantjnrkx

n Neeurrdmg wjcm wckbcmcl pntdnm nh ùmg rupturcs wjd`st enugjdmg Ekuscs lcercksc dm surhkec krck kvkd`ki`c hnr gkscnus cxejkmgc Ycsu`ts dm `nwcr nxygcm dmtkbc kml ekrinm ldnxdlc rc`cksc hrna i`nnl MNYAK@ pcrsnm stdauùs tn ircktjc enmtrn``cl iy dmercksc dm ekrinm ldnxdlc `cvc`s dm i`nnl Capjyscak pktdcmts rc`y nm lcerckscl `cvc`s nm nxygcm ks stdauùs tn ircktjc

n Hnr tjds rcksnm capjyscak pt- mccl tn ic e`nsc`y anmdtnrcl wjcm kpp`ydmg jdgj enmecmtrktdnms nh nxygcm pt- aky `nsc stdauùs tn ircktjc kml icenac cpmcde-

n MCXCY wdtjjn`l nxygcm hrna tjcsc pt-

3-8-; Udgms kml syaptnas Lyspmck *ldhhdeu`ty ircktjdmg$

Ejcst pkdm Lcerckscl kdr cmtry dmtn dmourcl sdlc

3-8-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt KIE Nxygcm Xdtk Udgms \rkmspnrt dm enahnrtki`c pnsdtdnm hnr pt- Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

3-7 Jypcrvcmtd`ktdnm

Mnrak``y hnuml

dm

pt-

wjn

krc

kmxdnus

. jystcrdek`

dmerckscl

rcspdrktnry

rktc

Aky enap`kdm nh hktdguc . mcrvnusmcss . ldzzdmcss . tdmg`dmg . muaimcss krnuml anutj, jkmls, hcct,

ejcst kml lyspmck- Ycspdrktdnm lccp kml rkpdl Aky akmdhcst wdtj enmtnrtdnms nh tjc jkml *ekrpk` spksas h`cxcl pnsdtdnm wdtj tjuai lrkwm dmtn

tjc pkà$ Jypcrvcmtd`ktdnm rcsu`ts hrna cxecss ekrinm ldnxdlc icdmg i`nwm nhh

n Cxecss `nss nh ekrinm ldnxdlc ejkmgcs inly ejcadstry Udmec lcercksc dm ekrinm ldnxdlc prdakry stdauùs tn ircktjc ds `nst pt- aky icenac kpmcde

3-7-; \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt

KIE

Nxygcm


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;; . ;3

Xdtk Udgms \rkmspnrt dm enahnrtki`c pnsdtdnm hnr pt- Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$ Yckssurc pktdcmt CAN\DNMK@ suppnrt

8 Ejcst Dmourdcs \ypcs nh ejcst dmourdcs dmeùlc? Npcm Ejcst dmourdcs E`nsc ejcst dmourdcs Ydi hrketurcs H`kd` ejcst Enmtusdnm nh tjc ùmg Vcmctrktdmg dmourdcs Udap`c Vmcuantjnrkx \cmsdnm Vmcuantjnrkx

8-; Npcm Ejcst dmoury Dh ejcst wk` jks iccm pcmctrktcl iy iu``ct, bmdhc cte- *npcm ejcst dmoury$ \rkuak pt- Dh pt- jks suhhcrcl scvcrc i`nw tn tjnrkx kml rdis jks hrketurcl ikl`y inmcs aky `kecrktc ejcst wk`

kml sbdm hrna dmsdlc Jckrt, ùmgs kml ntjcr vdtk strueturcs . nrgkms aky ic lkakgcl

8-9 Vcmctrktdmg dmourdcs Nhtcm rcsu`t dm suebdmg ejcst wnumls

n Ekusc kdr tn cmtrc p`curk` spkec *pmcuantjnrkx$ . i`ccldmg dmtn p`curk` spkec *jkcantjnrkx$ n Unactdacs kssnedktcl wdtj hrketurcs

n Vmcuantjnrkx Kdr dm p`curk` spkec n Jkcantjnrkx i`ccldmg dm p`curk` spkec

\rkuak tn ejcst anrc hrcqucmt`y ekuscs enaidmktdnm nh intj kdr kml i`nnl dm p`curk` spkec n \jds ds ek``cl? VMCSANJKCAN\JNYKZ

8-9-; \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt KIE Nxygcm Uck npcm wnumls usc scad neeùsdvc lrcssdmg

n Udlc hkedmg tjc h`nnr sjnu`l ic npcm tn k``nw lrkdmkgc *grkvdtktdnm pu``$ MCXCY rcanvc pcmctrktdmg niocet *dh tjc niocet ds std` dapk`cl$ Xdtk Udgms Ucenmlkry Uurvcy \rkmspnrt Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

8-5 E`nscl Ejcst dmoury Mn kssnedktc npcm wnuml Ejcst enaprcsscl kml scvcrc`y irudscl Smlcr`ydmg strueturcs aky ic dmourcl


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;9 . ;3

8-5-; Udgms kml Uyaptnas Nmc nr anrc aky neeur Vkdm kt sdtc nh dmoury Lyspmck Jkcanptysds *enugjdmg up i`nnl$

Eykmnsds Ykpdl, wckb pu`sc kml jypntcmsdnm *sjneb$ Kimnrak` cxpkmsdnm nh nmc nr intj sdlc nh ejcst nm kspdrktdnm c-g- tcmsdnm pmcuantjnrkx Vkrklnxdek` ejcst anvcacmt *h`kd` ejcst$

8-5-9 \rcktacmt kml Akmkgcacmt KIE Nxygcm Uck npcm wnumls prnapt`y mn akttcr jnw sak``

n Ssc scad nee`usdvc lrcssdmg Udlc hkedmg tjc h`nnr sjnu`l ic npcm tn k``nw lrkdmkgc *grkvdtktdnm pu``$

Xdtk Udgms Enmtrn` cxtcrmk` i`ccldmg \rkmspnrt dm enahnrtki`c pnsdtdnm hnr pt- Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

8-< Ydi hrketurcs Udap`c rdi hrketurc Anst enaanm dmourdcs hnuml dm trkuak sdtuktdnm

8-


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;5 . ;3

n Nm dmjk`ktdnm h`kd scetdnm anvcs dmwkrls n Nm cxjk`ktdnm h`kd scetdnm anvcs nutwkrls


Nxygcm

Kssdst wdtj vcmtd`ktdnm wdtj IXA dh mcclcl *i.p.a ic`nw 8$ Ic kwkrc nh pnssdi`c lkakgc tn umlcr`ydmg strueturcs . nrgkms Xdtk Udgms Ucenmlkry Uurvcy Cmenurkgc pt- tn ircktjc mnrak``y Up`dmt dmourcl sdlc usdmg pt- kra nr jkml hnr suppnrt \rkmspnrt Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

8-8 Enmtusdnm nh tjc @umg

Dh ùmg rcecdvcs scvcrc i`ng c-g- AXK stccrdmg wjcc` I`ccldmg dmtn tjc ùmg suistkmec kml k`vcn`d neeurs kml ekm dmtcrhcrc wdtj gkscnus cxejkmgc Ucvcrc ekscs aky prcscmt rcspdrktnry ldstrcss

8-7 Udap`c Vmcuantjnrkx Vntcmtdk Upkec ictwccm twn p`curk` `kycrs icenacs ketuk` spkec *hd``s wdtj kdr$

n Wjcm kdr csekpcs hrna ùmg nr hrna suebdmg wnuml Ekm Ycsu`t hrna npcm nr e`nsc dmoury Kdr dm p`curk` spkec ekuscs ùmg tn en``kpsc ekuscs lcercksc dm gkscnus cxejkmgc kml lyspmck E`nsc pmcuantjnrkx enaanm`y ekusc iy hrketurcl rdi.s pusjdmg dmwkrl khtcr iùmt ejcst trkuak Npcm pmcuantjnrkx usuk``y rcsu`t nh pcmctrktdmg ejcst dmoury

n Ekusc p`curk` spkec tn ic cxpnscl dmourcl ùmg kml ktanspjcrc n Kdr wd` ic lrkwm dmtn p`curk` spkec hrna ùmg kml ktanspjcrc

8-7-; Udgms kml Uyaptnas Lcerckscl kdr cmtry nm dmourcl sdlc Lcerckscl cxpkmsdnm nh ejcst wk` Ldstcmlcl mceb vcdms Jypcr rcsnmkmt *jdgj pdtejcl mndsc wjcczdmg snuml$


Nxygcm

Uck kmy suebdmg wnumls wdtj scad neeùsdvc lrcssdmg Kssdst wdtj vcmtd`ktdnm wdtj IXA dh mcclcl *i.p.a ic`nw 8$ Ic kwkrc nh pnssdi`c lkakgc tn umlcr`ydmg strueturcs . nrgkms Xdtk Udgms Ucenmlkry Uurvcy \rkmspnrt Ek` hnr ikeb up *dh mcclcl$

8-: \cmsdnm Vmcuantjnrkx Smtrcktcl pmcuantjnrkx aky lcvc`np dmtn tcmsdnm pmcuantjnrkx

Kdr dm

p`curk`

ekvdty

ekmmnt

csekpc

kml

ks

anrc

kdr

cmtcrs

tjds

spkec

ùmg

icenacs

anrc

enaprcsscl


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15/15


;3 ;3

7 Kdrwky Akmkgcacmt Enaprdscs nh? Uuetdnmdmg Nxygcm aksbs kml nxygcm kttkejcl IXA wdtj rcscrvndr kml nxygcm kttkejcl

7-; Uuetdnmdmg

Uuetdnmdmg \cejmdquc \urm pt- dmtn `ktcrk` pnsdtdnm Ejceb suetdnm umdt turm dt nm Uc`cet kml acksurc prnpcr ektjctcr *Tkmbcur Uuetdnm Ektjctcr$ tn ic uscl Npcm pt- anutj kml dmscrt tdp Uuetdnm NM@T ks ynu wdtjlrkw tjc ektjctcr MCXCY suetdnm `nmgcr tjkm 96 scenmls

7-9 Krtdhdedk` Xcmtd`ktdnm

Nmc nr twn pcrsnm IXA Xcmtd`ktdnm MN ENAVYCUUDNM Klvkmecl kdrwky ; Xcmtd`ktdnm 8 : Ucenmls Klu`t ; Ircktj 3 8 Ucenmls Ejd`l ; Ircktj 5 3 Ucenmls Dmhkmt ; Ircktj 5 3 Ucenmls

Ejd`l? 5 scenmls kgcs 3, 8, 7 3 Ucenmls kgcs ;9, ;5, ;<

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2013 BAA - Anatomy of the Respiratory System