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New low-cost, transparent electrodes 27 June 2013 Indium tin oxide (ITO) has become a standard material in light-emitting diodes, flat panel plasma displays, electronic ink and other applications because of its high performance, moisture resistance, and capacity for being finely etched. But indium is also rare and expensive, and it requires a costly deposition process to make opto- electronic devices and makes for a brittle electrode. Replacing indium as the default material in transparent electrodes is a high priority for the electronics industry. Now, in a paper appearing in APL Materials, a new open-access journal produced by AIP Publishing, researchers report creating a sturdy, transparent, and indium-free electrode from silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) that could replace indium- based electrodes in some applications. "Silver and titanium are much more abundant than indium in the earth's crust, and so we anticipate that electronic devices based on silver and titanium dioxide would be a more sustainable materials system and be manufactured at a low cost," said T.L. Alford, a professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Arizona State University who led the research. The TiO2/Ag/TiO2 composite electrode multilayer film the researchers studied has been well characterized in the literature, but the team optimized both the thickness of the silver layer and the manufacturing process so that the multilayer film has a low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance, both properties necessary for high- performance. The researchers created films with a sheet resistance as low as one sixth of that achieved by previous studies, while maintaining approximately 90 percent optical transmittance. With the choice of an underlying substrate made of polyethylene napthalate (PEN)—a sturdy polymer used in a variety of applications from bottling carbonated beverages to manufacturing flexible electronics—the researchers added additional durability. Because of a less expensive manufacturing process and the wide availability of titanium dioxide, silver and PEN, the new TiO2/Ag/TiO2 thin film could one day help make devices such as electronic displays and solar cells more affordable by replacing more expensive indium-based electrodes. More information: dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4808438 Provided by American Institute of Physics 1 / 2

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  • New low-cost, transparent electrodes27 June 2013

    Indium tin oxide (ITO) has become a standardmaterial in light-emitting diodes, flat panel plasmadisplays, electronic ink and other applicationsbecause of its high performance, moistureresistance, and capacity for being finely etched.But indium is also rare and expensive, and itrequires a costly deposition process to make opto-electronic devices and makes for a brittleelectrode. Replacing indium as the default materialin transparent electrodes is a high priority for theelectronics industry.

    Now, in a paper appearing in APL Materials, a newopen-access journal produced by AIP Publishing,researchers report creating a sturdy, transparent,and indium-free electrode from silver (Ag) andtitanium dioxide (TiO2) that could replace indium-based electrodes in some applications.

    "Silver and titanium are much more abundant thanindium in the earth's crust, and so we anticipatethat electronic devices based on silver and titaniumdioxide would be a more sustainable materialssystem and be manufactured at a low cost," saidT.L. Alford, a professor of Materials Science andEngineering at Arizona State University who ledthe research.

    The TiO2/Ag/TiO2 composite electrode multilayerfilm the researchers studied has been wellcharacterized in the literature, but the teamoptimized both the thickness of the silver layer andthe manufacturing process so that the multilayerfilm has a low sheet resistance and high opticaltransmittance, both properties necessary for high-performance.

    The researchers created films with a sheetresistance as low as one sixth of that achieved byprevious studies, while maintaining approximately90 percent optical transmittance. With the choice ofan underlying substrate made of polyethylenenapthalate (PEN)a sturdy polymer used in avariety of applications from bottling carbonated

    beverages to manufacturing flexible electronicstheresearchers added additional durability.

    Because of a less expensive manufacturingprocess and the wide availability of titaniumdioxide, silver and PEN, the new TiO2/Ag/TiO2 thinfilm could one day help make devices such aselectronic displays and solar cells more affordableby replacing more expensive indium-basedelectrodes.

    More information: dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4808438

    Provided by American Institute of Physics

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