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Chapter 5 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Use Parallelism balancing By balancing the items in a sentence, you will make the sentence clearer and easier to read. Ex.: My job includes checking inventory, initialing orders, and to call the suppliers. Calling
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© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Chapter FiveChapter FiveThe Fourth Step in Writing
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Step 4Step 4Write Clear, Error-Free SentencesWrite Clear, Error-Free Sentences
• Use parallelism.parallelism.• Use a consistent point of view.consistent point of view. • Use specific words.specific words.• Use concise wordsconcise words..• VaryVary your sentences.
Strategies for revising revising sentences:sentences:
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Use ParallelismUse ParallelismBy balancingbalancing the items in a sentence,
you will make the sentence clearer and easier to read.
Ex.: Ex.: My job includes My job includes checking inventory, checking inventory, initialing orders, and to initialing orders, and to call the suppliers. call the suppliers.
CallingCalling
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Use a Consistent Point of View:Use a Consistent Point of View: VerbsVerbs
Do not shift verb tensesverb tenses unnecessarily.
dumpedumpedd
Ex.:Ex.: Jean Jean punchedpunched down the risen down the risen dough.dough.Then she Then she dumpsdumps it onto the it onto the worktable.worktable.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Use a Consistent Point of View:Use a Consistent Point of View: PronounsPronouns
Do not shift point of viewpoint of view unnecessarily.
Ex.:Ex.: One of the fringe benefits One of the fringe benefits of of mymy job is that job is that youyou can use a can use a company credit card for company credit card for gasoline.gasoline.
II
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Use Specific WordsUse Specific Words
To be an effective writer, you must use specificspecific words rather than generalgeneral words. General: The dog ran down the The dog ran down the street.street.Specific: The mangy stray loped down The mangy stray loped down Broadway, dodging cars and Broadway, dodging cars and startling pedestrians.startling pedestrians.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Specific SentencesSpecific Sentences1: Use exact namesexact names.. (Not “the boy,” but “Vince.”)2: Use lively verbslively verbs.. (Not “ate,” but “slurped.”)3: Use descriptive wordsdescriptive words.. (Not “the car,” but “the rickety old Buick.”)4: Use sense descriptionssense descriptions.. (“Vince slurped his ice-cold chocolate milkshake while sitting on the squeaking front seat of his rickety old Buick.”)
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Use Concise WordingUse Concise WordingPrefer concisionconcision..
WordinessWordiness -- using more words than necessary -- is often a sign of lazy or careless writing.
In this paper,In this paper, I am planning to describe am planning to describe the hobby that Ithe hobby that I enjoy ofof collecting old
comic books.Revision:Revision: I enjoy collecting old comic books.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Vary Your SentencesVary Your Sentences
Effective writingEffective writing is writing that is varied varied and interesting.interesting.
Vary your sentences by:• Adding a second complete thoughtsecond complete thought..• Adding a dependent thoughtdependent thought..• Beginning with an opening wordopening word or phrasephrase..• Placing adjectives or verbs in a seriesadjectives or verbs in a series..
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Adding a Second Complete ThoughtAdding a Second Complete Thought
Transform simple sentencessimple sentences (which can be monotonous) --Greg worked on the engine. The Greg worked on the engine. The
car still wouldn’t start.car still wouldn’t start.into compound sentencescompound sentences:Greg worked on the engineGreg worked on the engine, but, but
the car still wouldn’t start.the car still wouldn’t start.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Adding a Dependent ThoughtAdding a Dependent ThoughtTransform simple sentencessimple sentences (which can be monotonous) --
The library was very quiet. I The library was very quiet. I couldn’t concentrate.couldn’t concentrate.
into complex sentencescomplex sentences: Although Although the library was the library was
very very quietquiet,, I couldn’t I couldn’t
concentrate.concentrate.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Beginning with a Special Opening Word Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phraseor Phrase
...transforms simple sentencessimple sentences (which can be monotonous) --
Paul was concerned about his Paul was concerned about his daughter’s fever. Paul called a daughter’s fever. Paul called a
doctor.doctor.into varied sentencesvaried sentences:ConcernedConcerned about his daughter’s about his daughter’s feverfever,, Paul called a doctor.Paul called a doctor.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a SeriesPlacing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series
...transforms simple sentencessimple sentences (which can be monotonous) --
The truck bounced off a guardrail. It sideswiped a tree. It plunged into the
ditch.into varied sentencesvaried sentences: The truck bounced off a guardrail, sideswiped a tree, and plunged into the ditch.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Editing SentencesEditing Sentences
After revising, check for mistakes in grammar, grammar, punctuation, punctuation, mechanics, mechanics, usageusage, and spellingspelling..
Edit according to the conventions of conventions of written Englishwritten English, aka sentence sentence skills.skills.
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
ProofreadingProofreading
Check the edited draft of your paper for typostypos and other other careless careless errorserrors. .
Chapter 5
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.English Skills, 10eEnglish Skills with Readings, 8e
Activities – Work in Pairs• Activity 1, page 110 (parallelism)• Activity 2, page 111 (verb tense)• Activity 3, page 113 (pronouns)• Activity 6, page 118 (concise word choice)
• Switch paragraphs from your activity on page 108 & check your peer’s essay for errors in parallelism, verb tense, pronoun usage, and word choice.
