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Spanish-Speakers and You:

What everyone needs to know

Medical Edition

Who Are the Hispanics / Latinos?

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Components of Hispanic Culture

• Language

• Communication Styles

• Etiquette

• Traditions and Customs

• Food, Dress, and Music

• Religion

• Belief Systems and

World Views

• Values

Where Do Hispanics Come From?

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Spanish-Speaking Countries

1. Argentina

2. Bolivia

3. Chile

4. Colombia

5. Costa Rica

6. Cuba

7. Dominican Republic

8. Ecuador

9. El Salvador

10. Guatemala

11. Honduras

12. Mexico

13. Nicaragua

14. Panama

15. Paraguay

16. Peru

17. Spain

18. Uruguay

19. Venezuela

** Puerto Rico

Source: U.S. Census (2010)

U.S. Hispanic Population by Origen

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THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONSIDERS

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN TO BE TWO SEPARATE AND DISTINCT CONCEPTS.

Source: U.S. Census (2010)

• In 2000, the Hispanic population was 35.3 million.

• In 2010, the Hispanic population was 50.5 million

In the last decade, the Hispanic population has grown 43%…

Source: U.S. Census (2010)

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What do Hispanics look like?

• White European• Indian• Mestizo

• Black• Mulatto• Asian

Racial Types in the Hispanic Community

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Stereotypes

List common stereotypes that Americans have about Hispanics:

List common stereotypes that Hispanics have about Americans:

• Positive • Negative

• Positive • Negative

How Do Spanish-Speakers See Themselves?

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Hispanics are persons whose speech, customs or cultural

heritage pertain to, or derive from, any of the nineteen Spanish-

speaking countries in the world, and Puerto Rico. Hispanics may

speak Spanish, be bilingual, speak only minimal Spanish, or speak

no Spanish at all. Hispanics may be of any single or mixed racial

origin. The primary Spanish groups in the United States are:

Mexican, Mexican-American, Cuban, Cuban-American, Puerto

Rican, Dominican, and Central American. The civil status of

Hispanics may be: U.S. born citizens, legal residents, legal workers,

students, visitors/tourists, or illegal aliens (undocumented workers).

Who are Hispanics?A working definition…

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Levels of Language Ability of Hispanics

• Spanish-Only, Literate (university graduate, professional, secondary education, or technical specialist)

• Spanish-Only, Illiterate, or Primary School Education (0-6 years of primary education only)

• Spanish Speaker with 100-300 Word English Vocabulary

• LEP (Limited English Proficient)• Bilingual• Bilingual & biliterate• English Speaker with 100-300 Word Spanish

Vocabulary• English-Only

Machismo

Marianismo

Gender Issues

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Proxemics and Haptics

• Personal Space• Touching

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Chronemics

• Time concepts• Appointments• General day divisions• “on time”

• Workday• Leisure• Overtime, Vacation, and

Time Off

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The Hispanic Surname System

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• María Elena Guzmán González marries

• Pablo Felipe Durán Rodríguez

Their daughter • FIRST NAMES: María Teresa• LAST NAMES: .

Their son • FIRST NAMES: José Felipe• LAST NAMES: .

What is her married name?

What do I call her?

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María Elena Guzmán Gonzálezmarries

Pablo Felipe Durán Rodríguez

The Hispanic Surname System

• Religious Names• Nicknames

Hispanic Names and Nicknames

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• Survival English• Workplace English• Social English

LEPs, or How Much English?

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• Understanding

• Using native language

• Uneducated

• Bilingual = biliterate

• False affirmation

• Spiraling

Misconceptions Based on Language Issues

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Medical Considerations

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Respeto / Respect

• Innate right as ser humano• Non-condescending• Eye contact• Use of interpreter• Permission to touch• Indirect vs. direct questioning

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Contemporary Belief Systems

• Hispanic– Home remedy / folk

cure– Prayer– Neighbors– Family– Parish Priest– Curandero– Pharmacy– Doctor– Hospital

• “Gringo”– OTC / self-medicate– Doctor or ER– Prescription drugs– Specialist– Hospital– Prayer– Alternative treatments

and medicines

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Health Issues—Symptoms

• Pain as reality• Pain assessment and management• Somatization

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La Farmacia / The Pharmacy

Pharmacy sign,

Morelia, Mexico

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Folk Healers

• Curandero / curandera/ chamán• Santero / santera• Espiritista• Sobador / sobadora• Albolario• Herbolario or Yerbero

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La salud en la naturaleza /Health through nature

Sign in market,

Morelia, Mexico

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Common “Folk” Illnesses•Caída de mollera•Empacho•Susto•Mal de ojo

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For the completecross-cultural program entitled

Meeting the Needsof Your Hispanic Patients

please contact Command Spanish®, Inc. at

601-582-8378, or your local Command Spanish® provider.

You can visit our website at:www.commandspanish.com