©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter12 Nutritional Guidelines

©2012 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.

Chapter12

Nutritional Guidelines


Nutrition

• Nutrition– Is the study of food and how it is used by the

body

– It includes the start-to-finish processes of• Eating• Digestion of food• Transportation of nutrients• Absorption of nutrients into cells• Excretion of unused matter


Nutrients

• Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water are the basic nutrients in food.

• Nutrients serve three main functions:– Providing energy– Supplying materials for building and

maintaining healthy cells– Regulating body processes


Nutrients (continued)

• All persons throughout their life span require the same nutrients—only the amounts that are needed change.


Nutrition Guidelines

• Each of these tools emphasizes the importance of being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight.

• Helping children develop healthy eating and activity habits can have lifetime benefits.



• Are designed to serve one of two purposes:– To ensure adequate nutrient intake – To encourage healthy lifestyle practices



• Nutrient guidelines that are designed to ensure adequate nutrient intake include:

– Daily Reference Intakes (DRIs)

– Food Guide Pyramid


Daily Reference Intakes (RDIs)

• Provide information about:– Recommended nutrient intake by age– Goals for nutrients for which a limit has been

determined– The highest level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause

a health risk

• This information is used to set national nutrition program policy and for labeling purposes.


Food Guide Pyramid

• This is an interactive tool that allows consumers to learn: – About healthy eating patterns– Nutrient-dense sources of essential vitamins

and minerals– Portion size, moderation, and caloric intake– Physical activity to balance food intake– Recipes for healthy food preparation


Food Guide Pyramid (continued)

MyPyramid Plan


Food Guide Pyramid (continued)

• To view this document, go to:http://www.mypyramid.gov. This link will take you directly to the Food Guide Pyramid website.

– Explore the many interactive features and learn how to personalize the recommendations.

– Also, be sure to tour MyPyramid for Kids.


Nutrition Guidelines (continued)

• Other nutrient guidelines designed to encourage healthy lifestyle practices include:– Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans

– Health People 2020

– Canada’s Food Guide


Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans

• Key recommendations include:

– Consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods within caloric needs

– Maintaining a healthy weight– Engaging in physical activity on a regular basis– Including a variety of fruits and vegetables each day– Reducing saturated fat and cholesterol intake– Keeping fat intake to 20 to 30 percent of total calories


Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans (continued)

– Choosing fiber-rich and whole grain carbohydrates– Decreasing sugar intake– Consuming less than 2000 mg of sodium daily– Drinking alcoholic beverages in moderation– Practicing food safety

• This document can be viewed at:

http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm


Healthy People 2020

• Areas of health that are addressed:– Physical activity, nutrition and weight

management, mental health, injury and violence prevention, oral health, food safety, environmental health, immunization and infectious diseases, and improved access to health care.

– This document can be viewed at: http://www.healthypeople.gov


Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating

• Canada’s Food Guide provides similar recommendations.

• This document can be viewed at:

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/

Case Study

1. Betsy, age 3½ , drinks milk to the exclusion of adequate amounts of foods from other food groups. What nutrient is Betsy receiving in excess? What two nutrients are most likely to be deficient?

2. Jason, age 4, refuses to eat fruit. He will occasionally accept a small serving of applesauce and a few bites of banana but little else. What two nutrients are probably deficient in Jason’s diet?

3. Jeremy, age 3, is allergic to milk and dairy products. What nutrient is deficient in Jeremy’s diet?


Case Study

4. Tommy, age 2, by choice will eat only high carbohydrate foods, preferably those that are sweet. He rejects high-protein, high-fat foods such as meats and cheese. How would you change his diet to provide adequate protein and fat for normal growth and nerve development without increasing his carbohydrate intake with high-fat pastries, cakes, and so on?

5. Mary, age 4, refuses milk and all milk products; she likes to drink a variety of juices. How would you adjust her diet to ensure that she meets her calcium requirement?


Documents

©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter12 Nutritional Guidelines