Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012

Chandrakant D. Shendkar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),102-103

102-103

Research ArticleISSN: 0974-6943

Available online throughwww.jpronline.info

*Corresponding author.Chandrakant D. ShendkarDepartment of Chemistry,Yashwantrao Mohite College,Erandwane,Khothrud,Pune 411038, India.

INTRODUCTION:Plants are the richest resource of drugs of traditional systems of medicine,modern medicines, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemicalentities for synthetic drugs [1]

A wide range of medicinal plant parts extract are used as raw drugs and theypossess varied medicinal properties. Microorganisms have developed resis-tance to many antibiotics and this has created vast clinical inconvenience inthe treatment of infectious diseases[2].The increase in microorganisms resis-tance to antibiotics, the use of antimicrobial drugs forced scientists to searchfor new antimicrobial substances from various sources including medicinalplants [3]. The trend of using natural products has increased and the activeplant extracts are frequently used for new drug discoveries and for the pres-ence of antimicrobial substances[4].

Achyranthes aspera Linn. belongs to the family amaranthaceae is one of theimportant medicinal plant. It is used as traditional healers in the treatmentof fever, especially malaria fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and dia-betes[5,6] . The chloroform and ethanol root extracts of the A. aspera arereported to have anti-implantation and abortifacient activity [7,8] .The ethanolextract of the root posses spermicidal activity[9]. The literature survey indi-cate that aqueous and methanolic extracts of the whole plant havehypoglycaemic effect[10]. Roots are used as astringents to wounds, in ab-dominal tumor and stomach pain [11] . The stem bark shows abortifacientactivity in the rat [12] . Leaf extracts were reported to posses thyroidstimulatingand antiperoxidative properties [13].The present work is carried out to evalu-ate the efficacy of leaves, stem and roots extracts of this plant .

MATERIALS AND METHODS:The plant material was collected from the Purander district of Pune,

Comparative Evaluation of Achyranthes Aspera Linn. Parts by Antibacterial ActivityChandrakant D. Shendkar 1*, Pranav S. Chandrachood 2, Sangita M. Lavate1, Bipinraj N. Kunchiraman3, Nirmala R. Deshpande 1.

1Department of Chemistry, Yashwantrao Mohite College, Erandwane, Khothrud, Pune 411038, India.2Department of Chemistry, Dr. T. R. Ingle Research Laboratory, S. P. College, Tilak Road, Pune- 411030, India.

3Department of Cell Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411046, India.Received on:20-09-2011; Revised on: 15-10-2011; Accepted on:10-12-2011

ABSTRACTAchyranthes Aspera Linn.belongs to the family amaranthaceae. In Ayurvedic system of medicine various parts of this plant are employed to treat varioustype of infectious diseases. In this study, acetone extracts of leaves, stem and roots, prepared at room temp, were employed. The extracts were studiedagainst Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains such as bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella abony. Among these extracts, leaves extract exhibit significant antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strainswhile stem demonstrated feeble activity. All extracts displayed activity against almost all tested bacterial strains. Thus, as reported in Ayurveda, suchextracts can be an alternative potent therapy for infectious diseases caused by these tested pathogenic bacterial strains.

KEYWORDS: Antibacterial activity, Achyranthes Aspera Linn., Acetone Extracts, Disc diffusion method.

Maharashtra, India. It was authenticated from Botanical survey of India,Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Air shade dried and powdered material of leaves, stem and roots ( 10gm ) ofeach was extracted by using acetone (70 ml) separately by soaking it for 24 hours at room temperature. The solvent was collected under re-duced pressure to obtain crude extracts of leaves, stem androots. Antibacterial studies were carried out against six bacterial strains (sal-monella typhimurium, escherichia coli, psedomonas aeruginosa, salmonellaabony, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus arueus).

The paper disc diffusion method was employed. Samples of each extracts(40 mg) were dissolved in respective solvent ( 1 ml ). Sterile Whatman filterpaper discs (5 mm diameter) were impregnated with 10 L of these solventextracts (400g /disc). The nutrient agar medium was prepared and trans-ferred to the sterile petridishes in such a way to keep a uniform depth ofapproximately 4mm in sterile area. The 100l of test organism cultured innutrient broth media was spread with a sterile spreader on the surface of solidnutrient agar media. The sterile discs impregnated with different extractswere placed on agar plates. The bacterial plates were incubated at 37 0.1 Cfor 24 hours.

After incubation, all the plates were observed for zones of inhibition and thediameters of these zones were measured in millimeters. All tests were per-formed under sterile conditions. Ampicillin ( 1mg/disc ) was employed aspositive control.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:The acetone extracts of leaves, stem and roots of this plant showed varyingdegree of antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial strains . Amongthese, acetone leaves extract is found to be the most effective against salmo-nella typhimurium, escherichia coli, staphylococcus arueus, bacillus subtilis,psedomonas aeruginosa, salmonella abony. Root extracts showed activityagainst salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylo-coccus arueus, psedomonas aeruginosa. Stem extracts showed activityagainst salmonella typhimurium , escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylo-coccus arueus, psedomonas aeruginosa.

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012

Chandrakant D. Shendkar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),102-103

102-103

The results of the antibacterial assay of acetone extracts of leaves, stem androots of the Achyranthes aspera Linn. are presented in (Table 1).

Table 1: Zone of inhibition of Acetone extracts of leaves, stem and roots

a. Zone of inhibition including the diameter of Whatman filter paper disc ( 5 mm)

Table 2: Zones of inhibition of leaves extract against salmonellatyphimurium at different concentrations :

a. Zone of inhibition including the diameter of Whatman filter paper disc ( 5 mm)

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

Test bacteria Zone of inhibition(mm)a Ampicillin Acetone leaves extract300 200 100 50 25 20 1mg/discg/disc g/disc g/disc g/disc g/disc g/disc

Salmonellatyphimurium 12 10 9 9 7 - 16

The antibacterial assay of the leaves extract of A.aspera against salmonellatyphimurium at different concentrations (300 g, 200 g, 100 g, 50 g, 25g, 20 g/disc) are tested by disc diffusion method and are presented (Table2). All zones of inhibition are represented including the diameter of disc.

It must be noted that the largest zone of inhibition (13mm) is obtained withleaves extract against salmonella typhimurium. Therefore the MIC of thisextract is determined by testing different concentrations of acetone leavesextract against salmonella typhimurium by disc diffusion method.

The antibacterial activity of leaves extract against salmonella typhimuriumshowed significant reduction in bacterial growth in terms of zone of inhibition.The zone of inhibition decreases on decreasing the concentration of extract.This shows the concentration dependent activity. The MIC (MinimumInhibitory concentration) is the lowest concentration of the compound atwhich the tested bacteria does not demonstrate visible growth at 20 g/disc.The result reveals that the MIC of leaves extract of A.aspera againstsalmonella typhimurium is 25 g/disc.

CONCLUSION:The results obtained in the present study suggest that the acetone extracts ofleaves, stem and roots of A. aspera reveals a significant scope to developa novel broad spectrum of antibacterial drug formulation. This plant extractswould help for development of a new alternative medicine system.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:The authors are thankful to the Principal, Yashwantrao Mohite College andRajiv Gandhi Institute of Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University,Pune, Maharashtra, India for providing laboratory facilities and space forwork.

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Acetone Acetone Acetoneleaves roots stemextract extract extract Ampicillin400g /disc 1mg/disc

Salmonella typhimurium 13 11 10 16Bacillus subtilis 10 8 7 12Escherichia coli 9 7 8 11Staphylococcus arueus 9 8 6 14Psedomonas aeruginosa 7 8 7 10Salmonella abony 6 - - 8

Test bacteria Zone of inhibition(mm)a