20110929PNMLEDLighting

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September 29, 2011

Introduction to

LED Lighting


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Angela Plusquellic Mark Farrell Mike Carter

Meet Your Panelists

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Lighting Fundamentals How It Works

Lighting Comparison

Specific Applications Best Applications

LED Checklist

Questions and Wrap Up

Agenda for Todays Webinar

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Helps you understand the bottom-line cost savings before you embarkon a new project.

Gives you knowledge of terms andpros/cons before starting a project.

Provides awareness of energyefficiency opportunities.

Lighting Webinar Benefits

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Average Electric UsageLarge Office Buildings

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Average Electric UsageSmall Office Buildings

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Average Electric UsageLodging

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Average Electric UsageGrocery/C-Stores

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Incentives for energy-saving lighting is partof the following PNM commercial programs:

Retrofit Rebates

New Construction Rebates

QuickSaver

PNM Business Energy EfficiencyProgram

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Option #1: Pre-set menu with rebateson per unit installed basis Lighting

Grocery Refrigeration

HVAC

VSDs and motors

Option #2: Custom option - rebates onequipment not included on the pre-setmenu. Rebates calculated using $0.06per estimated first-year kWh saved.

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Retrofit Rebates


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Option #1 Pre set menu Lighting Lighting Power Density above code

usage HVAC

VSDs and motors

Option #2 Custom Option Rebates for projects more energy efficient than current

building code (ASHRAE 90.1-07).

Facilities that are 10% more efficient than code receive$0.08 per estimated first-year kilowatt hours saved.

Facilities that are 20% more efficient than code receive

$0.10 per estimated first-year kilowatt hours saved. Enhanced commissioning incentives are also available at

$0.03/ft2.

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New Construction Rebates


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Small Business Rebates

Small Power customers eligible

General Power customers whose demand is less than 100 kWare eligible

Lighting

Grocery Refrigeration

Turn-key program: Contractors

Conduct energy assessment Produce detailed proposal with all financials Install products and handle all paperwork

Provides labor and equipment warranties

PNM

Conducts pre- and post- inspections Pays rebates directly to contractor

Typical Payback is 1 year or less Average lighting project 65% paid for by rebate

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PNM QuickSaver


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Interior LED lamp (screw-in or bi-pin) replacing an

incandescent, halogen or HID up to 100 watts$8/lamp

LED recessed fixture - $10/fixture

Exterior or Garage LED replacing HID - $40-$60/fixture Bi-level parking lot or wallpack fixture -

$60/fixture

All other $0.06/kWh Must pass Total Resource Cost Test and Meet LED Lighting Specifications

LED Lighting Rebates

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Option A: Must appear on one of the followingqualified product lists

Design Lights Consortium (DLC)

Energy Star

Option B: Provide documentation that showsproduct meets DLC minimum criteria Manufacturers product information sheet

LED fixture specification sheet

Justification for product lifetime estimates

Complete IESNA LM79-08 test reports Lumen maintenance report

LED Lighting Specifications

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Things you may see on your bill: Kilowatt (kW) is a measure ofpower (demand). Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a measure ofenergy

consumption.

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Energy Efficiency Basics


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Lumensa measure of theperceived power of light. Constant output regardless of distance from source

Foot-candleone lumen of light distributedover a square foot area. Depends on the distance from the light source

Does not hold for focused fixtures like flood lamps Can be measured using a light meter

Lighting Fundamentals

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The higher the number, the more likely the lightsource will render object colors well.20 40 60 70 80 90 100

Poor Fair Good Excellent

LED 70-90

Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a Measure of thelight quality of a light source as compared withsunlight. The closer a light-source's CRI is to100, the better its ability to show true colors.

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

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Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)is a measure of warmth or coolnessof the color of an artificial lightsource. It is expressed in Kelvin.

Low CCTOrange/Yellowish

Warm

High CCTBluishCool

WHITE LED

3000-6500K

Fundamentals of Light

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White light is a mix of many differentcolors across the visible lighting spectrum.

Source: EERE

Lighting Fundamentals

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Two types of LEDs Low power

About 0.1 watt

High power

Around 1 watt

Source: Philips LumiLEDsTM

How It Works

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90% heat; 10%light

20% heat; 80%

light

20% heat; 80%

light

Source: ENERGY STAR

Heat loss in LEDs is

through conduction, notradiation

Heat is the enemy ofperformance for LEDs

Tested at 25C (77F) ambientbut operated at 60C (140F)

junction temperature

Typically 110F maximumambient temperature

Enhanced by coldtemperatures

Excessive heat and colddiminish fluorescentperformance

Lighting Comparison

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Electrical current driver circuit instead of ballast

LED efficacy (lpw) decreases with higher CRI orlower CCT (warm shift)

Frequent switching does not affect rated life forLEDs as it does for fluorescents

Directional nature of LED results in very highluminaire efficacy

2,700 K 3,500 K 4,000 K 5,000 K70+ CRI 0.93 Baseline 1.06 1.25

90+ CRI 0.68 0.75 0.81 0.87

Source: Prescolite D6LED Specifications

Lighting Comparison

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Very compact and low-profile Nothing to break

No abrupt failure mode

Instant on (no warm-up time required)

Does generate harmonics, but no reportedproblems

Some built-in surge and noise protection

ENERGY STAR qualified LED lights consume75% less energy than conventionalincandescent lights

Source: EERE

Lighting Comparison

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Dimming Bulbs and Lamps

Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR)

Solid State LEDs Pulse Width Modulated (PWM)

Constant Current Reduction (CCR)

Time

Current

Time

Current

Rated Current Rated Current

PWM @25% CCR @25%

Lighting Comparison

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Dimming Problems Pop-on

Drop-out

Dead-travel

Audible noise

Shimmer

Lighting Comparison

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Comparison with traditional lighting

DOE Commercially Available LED Product

Evaluation and Reporting (CALiPER) programbenchmarks LED products

Type Rated Life,hours Lumens perWatt CRI LumenMaintenanceLED 50,000 35-100 70-90 95-98%*

Fluorescent 10,000-20,000 60-100 80-86 90-95%

Incandescent 750-1,500 10-17 100 95%

*At 40% fluorescent rated life; 70% to 90% at 50,000 hours

Lighting Comparison

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CALiPER tested a 60 watt incandescent A-lamp

against two LED A-lamps

LEDs efficacy competitive with higher wattage CFLs LEDs $25 to $50 each

Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT(K) CRIA-lamp 61 823 14 2771 100

CFL 13 825 63 2700 85LED 8 557 72 3951 84

A-lamp 40 387 9.9 2700 100

Source: Round 11, CALiPER

Incandescent A-Lamp Replacement

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Source: LEDzworldSource: GE Lighting

Brand Name Wattage Lumens CCT Life (Hrs)LEDzworld ProfessionalLED Bulb CTA

6.5W 250 2500K 35,000

GE Energy Smart LED 9W 450 3700K 25,000

Philips AmbientLED 12.5W 800 2700K 25,000

Sylvania LED A-Line 12W 810 2700K 25,000

Switch 100 16W 1,700 4,200K 20,000

Source: Switch Bulb Co.

Incandescent A-Lamp Replacement

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CALiPER tested two different MR16

LED products Best now matches lumen output of halogen lighting

Compatibility with low-voltage transformerscan be an issue

LED cost is $15 to $20 compared tohalogen cost of $4 to $6Source: NIST

Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRI PFLED (Old) 4 90 25 3961 78 0.63

LED (New) 7 267 42 3067 84 >0.70

Halogen (16) 29 263 13 2862 99 1.0

Halogen (2) 35 550 16 3000 99 1.0


MR16 Reflector Lamp Replacement

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Competition from reflector-rated CFLs from 15to 26 watts that deliver 720 to 1,300 lumens

Directional nature of LEDs is an advantage

Removing heat from the can

is a real challenge for R-CFLsand LEDs

Cree LED Lighting LR6 6" LEDRecessed Downlight at 12 watts

and 650 lumens costs around $100Source: EERE

Recessed Downlights

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LED performance generally matches R-CFLs

65W BR-30Flood* 15W R-30CFL LED*Luminaire light output, initial (lumens) 570 675 730

Luminaire wattage (W) 65 15 12

Luminaire efficacy (lm/W) 9 45 60

CCT (Kelvin) 2,700 K 2,700 K 2,700 K

CRI 100 82 95

Center beam candlepower (candela) 510 cd 200 cd 280 cd

Beam angle (degrees) 55 120 105

Average luminance at 45 (cd/sqmeter)

27,267 17,500 16,439

Dimmable Y N Y

*Data Source: EERE

Recessed Downlights

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CALiPER tested seven differentdirectional LED PAR and AR products

Much better than halogen bulbs

Not quite competitive with CMH

Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRILED PAR30 12 594 49 2,642 64

LED PAR38 18 959 52 4,056 87

CMH PAR38 25 1,504 60 3,012 86

HIR PAR38 75 1,060 14 3,500 100


Directional PAR Lamps

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CALiPER tested two different High-BayLED products

Efficacy still lags fluorescent

Narrow light beam pattern

Life claims are suspect

Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRIF32T8(4) 114 10,800 95 5,000 86

Pulse CMH 150 9,750 65 4,200 93

LED 111 7,822 71 5,593 71


High-Bay Lighting

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Annual cost of ownership for LED exit signs ismuch less than for fluorescent exit signs

WattageRatedLife,yrs InitialCost

AnnualEnergyCostAnnualMaintenanceCost

TotalAnnualOwnershipCostsIncandescent 40 0.5 $6 $25 $10 $47

Fluorescent 11 1-1.5 $22 $7 $5 $30

LED 5 6-10 $22 $3 0 $6

Sources: Stock Exchange and DOE

Incandescent Fluorescent LED

Exit Signs

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Lumen maintenance higher for LEDs versus HID lighting

Color rendering/uniformity for LEDs are better than HPS Minimum illuminance levels equal to HPS (perceived as better)

LEDs are Dark Skiescompliant

Simple payback of 6 to 10 years minimum

Capital cost of $850 for LED versus $250 for HPS orCMH cobra head

Energy savings of 30% to 50%

Data Source: EERE

LED (left) vs HPS (right)

Source: Beta Lighting & EERE

Street Lighting

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LED performance matches HPS and CMH150WHPS 150WCMH LEDLuminaire (system) watts 183W 167W 153W

CCT 2,000 K 3,000 K 6,000 K

CRI 22 80 75

Rated lamps lumens, initial 16,000 11,900 10,200

Downward luminaire efficiency 70% 81% 100%

Downward luminaire lumens,

initial

11,200 9,639 10,200

Luminaire efficacy (lumensper watt)

61 lpw 58 lpw 67 lpw

Data Source: EERE

Street Lighting

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Source: Progress EnergyBefore (HPS) After (LED)

Type(tested) Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRILED 44 3,994 90 4,947 66

HPS 117 6,540 56 2,042 21

Induction 67 3,960 59 3,906 75


Street Lighting

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Before (HPS) After (LED)Source: Progress Energy

Type Watts Lumens LPW CCT (K) CRILED 86 6,765 79 6,000 75

HPS 120 11,400 95 2,042 21

Parking Garage Lighting

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Omnidirectional Decorative DirectionalCRI 80 80 80

Power Factor (>5W) 0.7 0.7 0.7

Efficacy (lpw)


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LED Payback Period by End-Market, Application (Years)Application Incandescent Halogen CFL LF MH

Office Low Intensity Directional Lighting (500 Lumens)

3.3 3.4 12.5 8.1 7.8

Office Omnidirectional Lighting

1.8 -- 5.9 21.5 --

Retail Low Intensity Directional Lighting (500 Lumens)

3.4 3.5 6.9 -- 7.8

Source: Cleantech Approach, Solid State Lighting: Benchmark Report

Best LED Applications

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Exit signs

Undercabinet lighting

In-cabinet accentlighting

Adjustable tasklighting

Refrigerated caselighting

Outdoor area lighting

Elevator lighting

Recessed downlights Art display lighting

Source: EERE

Best LED Applications

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Accent lights

Step and path lighting

Cove lighting

Spaces withoccupancy sensors

Food and preparationareas

Retail display cases


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To what quality standards has the product

been tested? UL 8750 Safety Standard for LED Equipment for Use

in Lighting Products

IESNA LM-79-08 Electrical and Photometric Measurementsof SSL Products

IESNA LM-80-08: Testing Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

What quality accreditations apply? ENERGY STAR

Lighting Facts Label

Next Generation Luminaires

Whose LED chips are used in the luminaire? Nichia, Samsung, OSRAM Opto, Philips Lumileds,

Seol, Cree, LG Inotek, and Sharp

LED Checklist

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What color characteristics are specified? Color Rendering Index (CRI)

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

What efficacy is specified?

What is included in the product warranty? Maximum number of diode failures

Acceptable color change

Power supply requirements

Dimmer use/type Maximum LEDs per circuit

LED Checklist

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What is the acceptable lumen output and depreciation? Consider the directional nature of LED luminaires IESNA LM-80-08: Testing Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

What Light Loss Factor (LLF) should be applied? Optical losses

Ambient temperature

Diode failures

Lumen depreciation

Dirt depreciation

What dimming characteristics are required?

What impact will LED in-rush have on yourlighting system?

Source: Ledzworld

LED Checklist

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DOE Building Technologies Program Solid State Lighting

CALiPER Program

Outdoor Lighting Resources

Lighting Facts Program

EPA ENERGY STAR Commercial LED Lighting

Illuminating Engineering Society

IESNA LM-79-08
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/caliper.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/resources.htmlhttp://www.lightingfacts.com/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=ssl.pr_commercialhttp://www.ies.org/http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=IESNA+LM-79-08http://www.ies.org/http://www.ies.org/http://www.ies.org/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=ssl.pr_commercialhttp://www.lightingfacts.com/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/resources.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/resources.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/caliper.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/caliper.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/caliper.html


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20110929PNMLEDLighting