2011 SOUTH EAST ASIAN REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

INNOVATION INDICATORSHanoi, Vietnam

[5th to 8th December 2011]

Anita BahariMalaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC)

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)MALAYSIA

Apr 10, 2023

Outline of presentation

Introduction

Usage of S&T Indicators

Malaysia’s Performance in S&T Indicators Development

Collecting R&D Statistics Malaysia’s Experience

MASTIC’s main activities

Conduct surveys, produces reports, develops S&T and R&D databases and provides essential facts and figures on Malaysian S&T and R&D.

S&T Indicators reports– trends in selected indicators reflecting Malaysia’s achievement in S&T (1994 – 2010)Survey of Research and Development – comprehensive information on status of R&D activities and the R&D growth in Malaysia;Survey of Innovation – reports on status of technological innovation in manufacturing and services sectorBibliometrics study – national citation report Public Awareness of S&T Malaysia – Malaysian public awareness, attitude, interest and understanding towards S&T – once in every 5 years

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S&T Indicators

Time seriesTrendsBenchmarking

Describes the input and output S&T activity.The purpose is to contribute to an overview of country knowledge infrastructure, its national and international status, its products, impact and productivity, cooperation and use of knowledge. Provides an overall picture of performance of country and focus on long term trends

S&T Indicators

It cannot be denied that statistical STI indicators have been of increasing interest to the government, industry and public as a whole. They serve as one of the important inputs in assessing STI system of a country so that national competitive advantages could be maintained and promoted.

Human capitalR&D&CEnhance collaboration and networking, etc

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R&D SurveyInnovation SurveyPublic Awareness in S&T SurveyBibliometrics studyMalaysian Research and Development Classification System – 6th editionS&T Indicators Report

S&T Indicators Measurement

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How we gather the data?

Type of dataPrimary

MASTIC conducted own surveyNational R&D SurveyInnovation SurveyPublic Awareness on S&TBibliometrics study

SecondaryData obtained from various related agency

MOEIntellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO)Bank Negara MalaysiaOther government agencies

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What are the Main S&T Indicators?

InputEducation in S&TResearch and DevelopmentHuman Resource in S&T

• Output– Patents– Bibliometrics

• Impact– Public Awareness on S&T– Balance of Payment and Trade in Technology– Innovation in Industry and Technological Innovation

1992 to 2008 and way forward

MALAYSIA PERFORMANCE IN R&D

Apr 10, 2023

provide official statistics on Malaysian R&D.Input to the National S&T PolicyBenchmarking

Importance of R&D

Collecting R&D Statistics

Series of biennial surveys - since 1992 until 2008.Starting from 2009, data collection is done every year

.

Indicators of R&D

EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD/GDP), 1992-2008

EXPENDITURE

(RM million)1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GERD 550.7 611.3 549.3 1,127.0 1,671.5 2,500.6 2,843.8 3,646.7 1,739.7

Private Sector 246.3 292.5 400.1 746.1 967.9 1,633.1 2,033.6 3,096.4 535.5

Government Research Institute

253.7 164.9 108.7 247.3 417.5 507.1 296.9 189.5 431.3

Institute of Higher Learning

50.7 150.9 40.4 133.6 286.1 360.4 513.3 360.8 772.9

Ratio GERD/GDP (%)

0.37 0.34 0.22 0.39 0.5 0.69 0.63 0.64 0.24

Note :GERD - Gross Expenditure on R&DGDP (Gross Domestic Product) 2008 : RM 738,667 millionSource: MASTIC, R&D Survey report

2008*

3,139.3

1,935.1

431.3

772.9

0.44

Trend Total R&D Expenditure, series data 1992 - 2008

10th Malaysia Plan

Objective

GERD /GDP 1.0% by the year 2010

Trend GERD/GDP, Series Data 1992 – 2008

2004 2006 2008

Researchers (FTE) 12,669.5 9,694.23 12,541.6

Researchers (Headcount) 23,092 19,021 24,991

FTE per researcher 0.55 0.51 0.50

Human Resource in R&D

Note;FTE : Full Time Equivalence

1998 2000 2002

Researchers (FTE) 3,415.8 6,422.7 7,157.5

Researchers (Headcount) 6,249 15,022 17,790

FTE per researcher 0.55 0.43 0.40

Number of Researchers per 10,000 Labour Force

Malaysia :Number of Researchers per 10,000 Population

Trend Gross Expenditure in R&D (RM million) by Type Of Activity

Trend Gross Expenditure on R&D (RM million) by Sector

HOW WE ORGANISE THE SURVEY

R&D PERSONNEL

All persons involved directly on R&D include administrators and clerical staff3 ways measuring of R&D personnel

HeadcountFTEQualification

Measurement of FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE)

Best estimate – total amount of R&D work done by one person in one year (for a given period)FTE = 1 (maximum)Measurement in person-years :a) A person who spends 75% of their time on R&D

would be considered as having an FTE of 0.75b) A full time R&D workers is employed at R&D unit for

6 month, the FTE = 0.5

SURVEY RESPONDENT

Public sectorHead of projectResearcher

Private sectorR&D manager AccountingPersonnel unit

PROJECT ORGANISATIONDevelopment of questionnaire & endorsement by Steering and Technical CommitteeCarry out preliminary survey – public sector Database development – mailing list & data entryLaunch R&D Survey send out survey kit Carry out briefing/ road show to

coordinatorsproject leadersresearcher

Data collection/ QAAnalysis and report writing

Preliminary surveyFor IHL and GRI onlyTo get basic data regarding R&D activities in organisation - this will be used to measure response rates in the actual survey Information requested :

Name of Coordinator of institutionProject titleHead of projectProject statusYear expenditure

SURVEY KIT

QuestionnaireGuideline to Questionnaire - A simplified set of instructions to be read by the researcher in order to guide them to fill up the survey form.MRDCS – Malaysian Research and Development Classification SystemMSIC – classify the type of industry for the

private sector

Type of questionnaireGeneral

Person respondingProject titleFOR & SEOR&D personnel Expenditure Factors hampering

Private sector• Main industry activity –

MSIC• Present status of the

company • Full time employee• Capital & sales• Type of R&D unit• Incentives

DIVISION 1 : NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING

F1010000 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

F1010100 Mathematics

F1010101 Approximation theory

F1010102 Calculus of variation

F1010103 Category theory, K-theory and homological algebra

F1010104 Combinatorics

F1010105 Control theory

F1010106 Difference, differential, integral, integro-differential and functional equations

F1010107 Dynamical systems

F1010199 Other mathematics

DIVISIONCATEGORY

GROUP

AREA

MRDCS

Malaysian Research and Development Classification System (MRDCS) – 6th edition

MSIC – Malaysian Standard Industrial ClassificationTABULATION CATEGORIES, DIVISIONS AND DESCRIPTION

CATEGORY DIVISI0N DESCRIPTION

A AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY 01 Agriculture, Hunting and Related Service Activities 02 Forestry, Logging and Related Service Activities

D MANUFACTURING 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 16 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 17 Manufacture of Textiles 18 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur 19 Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags,

Saddlery, Harness and Footwear 20 Manufacture of Wood and Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture;

Manufacture of Articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials 21 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products

STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY- private sector-

Information provided by your organisation is strictest confidence. MASTIC does not disclose, release or publish any identificiable information on individuals, individuals companies, business unit or R&D units from the survey.

Why the drop in GERD and GERD/GDP ratio?

1992 to 2008 and way forward

Response Rates for the Public Sector from 2002 to 2008

Response rates for the private sector from 2002 to 2008

Some Research Issues

Definitions• Standard definition in methodology used• Best estimate in measuring R&D expenditure• Duration of research project carried out• Financial year reporting

Data collection• Data held confidential• Reported as per project or per institution • R&D survey on line: Collecting data per project• Manual : Collecting data per institution

National R&D Survey, 2009-2011

Sept 2010 Kick - off29 Nov 2011

29 Nov 2011 - Feb 2012

R&D survey on line

http://indicators.mastic.gov.my/

TERIMA KASIH

THANK YOU