2011 PY_Scientific and Industrial Research

8 Scientific and Industrial Research

Introduction

he forefront of science and technology goes well with critical knowledge and intensive interventions like technology transfer/training, product package/label concept and design which contributed significantly in raising the quality and competitiveness of local products.

The DOST as the prime advocate of an innovation-based S and T has taken the lead in coordination of scientific and technological efforts to achieve rapid and sustained economic growth through strengthened small and medium enterprise support programs, locally-developed technology for countryside development, and information technology for higher quality education.

For year 2010, in line with the objective of promoting public-private partnerships under Aquino administration, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) has been busy in building and strengthening its linkages with its stakeholders both at the local and international levels.

8.1 The Department of Science and Technology

The DOST keeps its mandate of providing central direction, leadership, and

coordination of scientific and technological efforts, and of securing for the public the maximum social and economic benefits Science and Technology (S and T) can offer. It formulates and implements policies, plans, programs, and projects that answer the country’s S and T needs in meeting development goals to support national development. As much as possible, the Department enjoins the assistance of the private sector and concerned government agencies.

It was in 1958 that congress passed a law establishing the National Science Development Board (NSDB), to survey the state of Philippine Science and Technology (S and T) activities. Later in 1982, the NSDB was constructed as the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA). With the Executive Order (EO) 128 dated January 30, 1987, the NSTA was subsequently advanced into a cabinet department identified as the DOST.

This reorganization order stretched out the responsibilities and functions of the DOST to effectively pursue state policy in developing S and T self-reliance. With its primed status, the DOST obtained a large scope in promoting public and private sector partnership in S and T activities, and in supporting local scientific and technological efforts.

Sectoral Planning Councils

There are three sectoral planning councils of the DOST, namely, the

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and

T

Scientific and Industrial Research

Development (PCAARRD); the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD); and, the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD).

The sectoral planning councils take charge in formulating strategies, policies, plans, programs and projects for S and T development, programming and allocation of government and external funds for Research and Development (R and D); monitoring of R and D projects; and generating external funds for industry, energy, utilities, and infrastructure sectors.

Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD). PCIEERD is the consolidation of the Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD) and the Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development (PCASTRD) following Department of Budget and Management’s (DBM) approval of its Rationalization Plan in June 29, 2010.

PCIEERD is tasked to formulate national policies, plans, programs and strategies; program and allocate government and other external funds for R and D in industry, energy and emerging technologies; provides mechanism of assessment, evaluation and monitoring of programs and updating of national R & D plans; develop and implement resource generating strategies to support programs for the sectors support the development of institutions and R & D human resource pool; establish, develop and maintain local and international technical corporation linkages; develop and implement programs for the optimal utilization of technologies and other research outputs; and, establish, develop and maintain an effective system for the acquisition and dissemination of research information.

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD). PCAARRD is one of the sectoral planning council under the DOST. Established in June 22, 2011 through the consolidation of the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) and the Philippine Council for Aquatic Research, Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD), the council formulates policies, plans, and programs for science and technology-based R and D in the different sectors under its concern. It coordinates, evaluates and monitors the national R and D efforts in the agriculture, aquatic, and natural resources sectors. It also allocates government and external fund for R and D and generates resources to support its programs.

PCAARRD engages in active partnership with international, regional and national organizations for joint R and D, human resource development and training, technical assistance and exchange of scientists, information, and technologies.

Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD). It is a forward-looking partnership national body responsible for coordinating and monitoring health research activities in the country.

Since its founding on March 17, 1982 through Executive Order No. 784, PCHRD resolves to foster healthier and more productive lives through health R and D.

.

NSO 2010 Philippine Yearbook

Research and Development Groups The seven R and D institutes of the DOST are the Industrial Technology

Development Institute (ITDI), Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI), Metal Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC), and Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI).

Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI). In charge of propelling development as the provider of technologies and services for the industry sector, the ITDI continued in operating on established systems and mechanisms that have been proven effective and efficient through time. in 2010, the institute has completed the development and wide scale field testing of the OL Trap for dengue control; a water purification system using ceramic pot type filter that makes access to potable water safe and affordable; design of coach for the Automated Guideway Transport System for Mass Transport; design of carrying case for i-pod for school use; and design of processing equipment for the food sector among others. Other contributions are in the form of technology transfer and training, technical services like upgrading of production facilities and systems, energy efficiency/audit, cleaner production technologies among others. This agency expanded their networking activities and linkages with international agencies leading to more collaborative R & D projects and maintaining stature of being the prime R and D agency of the Department by embarking on new emerging R and D thrusts.

Metal Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC). Is an internationally recognized institution providing research and development, technology transfer, and scientific and technological services supporting the growth and global competitiveness of the metals, engineering, and allied industries. In 2010, the MIRDC expanded their position in the metalworking arena as they dedicate their efforts to the dynamics and advancement of the country’s M&E industries to level off with emerging changes in technology and to pursue global competitiveness. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). Under Executive Order No. 128 signed January 30, 1987, the FNRI is mandated to: undertake researches that define the citizenry’s nutritional status with reference to the malnutrition problems, its causes and effects; develop and recommend policy options, strategies, programs, and projects for implementation by appropriate agencies; diffuse knowledge and technologies in food and nutrition and provide S and T services to relevant stakeholders as per EO 366 November 13, 2009.

In 2010 FNRI launched the Sulong Pinoy Project which promotes easy-to-prepare nutritious complementary foods from local ingredients for priority provinces; and SuperRice, in response to the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the country.

Service Institutes

The eight scientific and technological institutes under the DOST are the Science Education Institute (SEI); Science and Technology Information Institute


(STII), Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI), Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Philippine Science High School (PSHS), Information and Communications Technology Office (ICTO), and Technology Resource Center (TRC).

Collegial and Scientific Bodies

The two collegial and scientific bodies are the National Research Council of

the Philippines (NRCP) and the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). The former is a collegial body of highly trained scientist and researchers cohesively addressing the growing demand for knowledge, skills and innovations. Its commitment is to promote and submit basic research for continuing improvement and to foster linkages with local and international scientific organizations. The latter, on the other hand, provides incentives and recognition to those engaged in S and T research and serves as an advisory body to the government.

Philippine Science Communities

Science communities are groups of scientific and academic institutions

situated near each other and are bound by common missions and goals. These institutions are engaged in R and D, instruction, services, and extension work in health and its allied sciences, as provided by EO 784. There are four geographic communities established by the DOST, as follows:

Bicutan Science Community. This community encircles the DOST proper in Bicutan, Taguig and consists of S and T institutions within the vicinity and neighboring areas. It is involved primarily in R and D administration and coordination, provision of technical and consultancy services, and in the conduct of industry and energy R and D. The community also includes agencies engaged in science promotion and education, inventions development, food processing and marketing, technical training, and extension activities. The PCIEERD is the sectoral council responsible for coordinating the community’s programs and activities.

Diliman Science Community. This is a complex of S and T institutions found within the Diliman campus of the University of the Philippines (UP). It is intended for education and training, R and D, and various technical and consultancy services. The principal focus of this community is the natural and social sciences housed in the College of Arts and Sciences and College of Social Sciences in UP Diliman.

The community also includes various applied science institutions that conduct training and research in atmospheric and geophysical sciences, nuclear sciences and technology, volcanology, nonconventional energy, minerals and other natural resources, environmental science, engineering, and others. The PCASTRD is the sectoral council in charge of this community.

Ermita Health Science Community. This community is envisioned to promote and encourage the sharing of libraries, equipment, and other facilities as a measure to


actualize a fully efficient community of scientific institutions, researchers, and scholars.

The community fosters an effective and harmonious working relationship among member-institutions in the conduct of researches in health, nutrition, and allied sciences. The PCHRD is the S and T council of the DOST that oversees this community.

Los Baños Science Community. This is a group of academic and research institutions that has UP-Los Baños as nucleus. Its members are the PCAARRD, FPRDI, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), International Rice Research Institute, and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. Its membership is characterized by organizations into human resources development, extension activities, and R and D in agricultural and natural resources.

The main thrust of the community is to accelerate rural development, which will involve generation, verification, packaging, and dissemination of technology and information necessary for agricultural and natural resources development. This community has the PCAARRD as its coordinating council.

Scientific Career System

The S and T machinery had adopted the Scientific Career System (SCS), an

innovative approach in scientific human resources development within the civil service. The SCS is a system involving recruitment, career progression, recognition, and rewarding schemes for scientists in public service. The system serves as a means to develop highly effective and productive scientific workforce, enticing them with attractive awards, incentives, and bankable career paths. Local scientists are encouraged to train within their areas of expertise without having to change status or leave the country.

8.2 Science and Technology Programs With foresight of forming S and T, the framework for future economic growth

and to help lessen poverty in the country, the DOST maintains S and T programs related to the national development priorities of the President. Improving productivity and competitiveness. In response to the need in accelerating the development and ultimate linking to the global economy, the Department provided high technological innovation services to small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). The upgrading of these technologies will enhance operational efficiency, productivity and competitiveness.

The Department also contributed to agriculture and fisheries modernization through continued support for the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA). DOST focused on the conduct of relevant research and development initiatives to develop competitive technologies needed by the industry particularly agriculture and fisheries sectors. Support was also given in enhancing human resource development through training programs and modernization of facilities and infrastructures.


Moreover, web-based networks were established and maintained for the speedy dissemination of S and T based information in addressing the needs of clienteles. These include the development of a website template and content management system for the government in response to the call that all national line agencies should have been internet-connected.

In addition, DOST embarked in the implementation of the research and development projects to develop state-of-the-art technologies. The Department also strengthened the delivery of a range of innovation services.

Promoting science and technology development. In promoting S and T human resources development, DOST provided scholarship grants in the secondary, undergraduate and graduate levels. Manpower capability was strengthened through thesis/dissertation grants, research fellowship, staff development and reentry program. Short-term training programs were conducted on instrumentation and control, metalworking, furniture industry, technology-based entrepreneurship, handloom weaving, food processing and packaging among others.

The Department also accorded due recognition to individuals and scientist with outstanding contributions in S and T through awards, citations and incentives. In providing an overall framework for the conduct of S and T activities, DOST launched the National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) 2002-2020 that the Science and Technology Coordinating Council (STC) approved on June 28, 2002.

In addition, institutional mechanisms were established. This is essential in activities such as consultations, collaborations in technical and scientific undertakings, information exchange and advocacy for S and T.

Monitoring and forecasting weather, earthquake and volcano. Through PAGASA, the Department continued to provide typhoon, flood warnings, weather and climate forecasts and advisories and other information services.

PHIVOLCS is principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis and other related geotectonic phenomena. It provides timely and quality information and services for warning and disaster preparedness. It conducts researches, adapts and develops technologies for volcanic eruption and earthquake prediction, volcano and seismic monitoring and disaster mitigation.

Other Science and Technology Activities

These are the highlights of S and T programs accomplished.

Strengthened small and medium scale enterprises support programs. The innovations that enhanced operational efficiency and boost productivity and competitiveness had been adopted. As such, the Small Enterprises Technology Upgrading Program (SET-UP) was launched to assist micro, small and medium enterprises in adopting these innovations. DOST has been steadfast in providing continued support to this program, locally fabricating technology that will benefit the agricultural sector and the food processing industry, expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, developing technology for low-cost-transportation and


production of value added iron and nickel minerals utilizing information technology for higher quality education.

Agriculture and fisheries modernization. All agencies under DOST continued their full support for the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA). A major portion of the financial support went to R and D that includes development of modern technologies and application to the improvement of productivity. Likewise, development of post harvest technologies was initiated to minimize post harvest losses. Aside from the enhancements in information and communication technology, there were also improvements of research laboratories and facilities in the agricultural sector.

Research and development program enhancements. As the key function of DOST is to implement projects in developing technologies, the agency had embarked programs focusing on areas such as energy, water, environment, health and nutrition.

Technology Transfers

In focusing on technology transfer efforts, the DOST strengthened the

delivery of a range of technology innovation services particularly for small and medium scale enterprises. Contract projects enveloped the areas of food, nutrition, agriculture, medical, environment, health, material science and solid waste management. The DOST also rendered over technical services to clients from the private sector, other government agencies and from various schools.

The Intellectual Property Rights Assistance program was implemented pursuant to Executive Order (EO) 128. This encouraged more creative and inventive activities, investments and solutions in R and D.

Meanwhile, the Comprehensive Technology Delivery Program (CTDP) is the linking pin between technology generators and technology adopters. The program’s continuing aim is to help generate employment and increase income through new technology transfers.

8.3 The National Academy of Science and Technology The country’s premiere acknowledgement body in S and T is the National

Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). It was created by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1003-A. With its focus at accelerating the state of Philippine S and T, the NAST pursues its primary mandate that is to give recognition to Filipino scientists and academicians for their profound contributions to science. Besides giving awards, the government through NAST, offers all out assistance by providing them with meaningful incentives to help further their work. In the same manner, to encourage the younger generation to pursue careers in advanced scientific studies and researches, the NAST grants the Outstanding Young Scientist Awards.

In addition to this, the NAST approved other outstanding scientific and technological undertaking. To bring S and T closer to the lives of the Filipinos, the NAST through its advisory activities conducted information fora and round-table deliberation to boost public interest in taking part in discussions of important and


urgent issues on various topics in S and T. The outcome of this is the formulation of specific policy interventions that will be profitable to the people. NAST visions “A Progressive Philippines Anchored on Science.”

The NAST was formally organized in 1978. Its members belong to the upper crust in their respective fields of S and T. Most of them are outstanding Filipino scientists with doctoral degrees in recognized sciences from accredited universities. In highly meritorious and extremely exceptional cases, the requirement of a doctoral degree may be waived.

At least three members of the Academy should nominate and screen any prospective members on the basis of the nominee’s researches and published work in recognized scientific and technical journals. Membership is for life, unless terminated for a cause or by voluntary resignation.

Members of the Academy carry the title Academician. From among them, the national scientists are chosen. To be a National Scientist is to gain the highest national honor conferred to men and women of science.

The Academy began in 1978 with only 10 Academicians. Its number has grown to 107 in 2009. Thirty-three of these academicians were proclaimed national scientists. Table 8.1 shows the complete list of National Scientists and Academicians and their respective fields of specialization from 1978 to 2009.

8.4 Human Resource Development and Institution Building Endeavors in S and T human resources development were focused on the

grant of scholarships in the secondary, undergraduate and graduate levels. Short-term training programs were offered to upgrade the capability of Science and Mathematics teachers. Technology training programs were conducted to enhance skills and income generating opportunities. Recognitions were given to outstanding contributions in research to attract and retain exemplary qualified manpower in the S and T sector.

The Balik-Scientists program. The program tapped the expertise and experience of Filipino expatriates and promotes information exchange; thereby accelerate the flow of new technologies in the country. DOST in 2010 had 23 Balik Scientist Awardees. The scientific career system. The system continued to provide services to scientists in public service by developing a pool of highly qualified and productive scientific personnel in the government service.

Upgrading the educational system. Beyond all the measures of preserving quality S and T practitioners is the bottom line of constant improvement of the country’s educational system. This long-term solution entails the constant upgrading of faculty capabilities, provision for ample modern equipment and facilities, strengthening of primary and secondary education (or the foundation schools), and reinforcing links with R and D institutions here and abroad.

The DOST doubled its efforts in enhancing capabilities and expanding manpower. For many years now, the Department has been rolling out S and T scholarships for tertiary and graduate education, including diploma courses for science teachers in the provinces.


Locally, there are numerous sources giving away S and T scholarships. The DOST subsidizes the most number of grants in the country. Each council maintains its own scholarship programs apart from the Department-wide effort.

International Linkages

DOST collaborated with institutions and countries like Singapore, India,

Taipei, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, European Union, Switzerland, France, United States and Austria to reach bilateral scientific and technological agreements. It continued its multilateral relations with ASEAN-Committee on Science and Technology, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Industrial Science and Technology Working Group, South East Asia-European Union Network, UNIDO International Conference on Green Industry in Asia and Forum on Nuclear Cooperation in Asia.

8.5 Private Sector Participation Government agencies are not the only participating bodies in the

development of research and development. The private sector also has been actively involved in various S and T activities of the DOST and its agencies and attached bureaus. Its participation is not only restricted to financing, but more so in planning of R and D projects to ensure better utilization of results.

Sources: 8.1-8.5 Department of Science and Technology.


Year Year Proclaimed of Entry National Scientist

1978 Alfredo C. Santos, Ph.D. (†) Physical Chemistry 1978Alfredo V. Lagmay, Ph.D. (†) Experimental Psychology 1988Carmen C. Velasquez, Ph.D. (†) Parasitology 1983Cecilo F. Lopez, Ph.D. Philippine Linguistics and Oriental StudiesDioscoro L. Umali, Ph.D. (†) Genetics and Plant Breeding 1986Gregorio T. Velasquez, Ph.D. (†) Phycology 1982Gregorio Y. Zara, D.Sc. (†) Engineering and Inventions 1978Juan S. Salcedo Jr., M.D. (†) Nutrition and Public Health 1978Paulo C. Campos, M.D. (†) Nuclear Medicine 1989Tito A. Mijares, Ph.D. Statistics

1979 Bienvenido O. Juliano, Ph.D. Organic Chemistry 2000Casimiro del Rosario, Ph.D. (†) Physics, Astronomy, and Metrology 1982Eduardo A. Quisumbing, Ph.D. (†) Plant Taxonomy, Systematics, and Morphology 1980Encarnacion A. Alzona, Ph.D. (†) Philippine History 1985Fe V. del Mundo, M.D., M.A. Pediatrics 1980Francisco M. Fronda, Ph.D. (†) Animal Husbandry 1983Geminiano T. de Ocampo, M.D. (†) Opthalmology 1982Jose Encarnacion Jr., Ph.D. (†) Economics 1987Jose N. Rodriguez, M.D. LeprologyMelecio S. Magno, Ph.D. PhysicsPedro B. Escuro, Ph.D. Genetics and Plant Breeding 1994Raymundo A. Favila, Ph.D, MathematicsTeodoro A. Agoncillo, Ph.D. (h.c.) († Philippine History 1985

1980 Clara Y. Lim-Sylianco, Ph.D. Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry 1994Conrado S. Dayrit, M.D. Pharmacology and CardiologyEmerita V. de Guzman, Ph.D. Plant PhysiologyFrancisco O. Santos, Ph.D. (†) Human Nutrition and Agricultural Chemistry 1983Joventino D. Soriano, Ph.D. Cytogenetics and Mutation ResearchLuz Oliveros-Belardo, Ph.D. (†) Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1987Magdalena C. Cantoria, Ph.D. Botany

1981 Amando Dalisay, Ph.D EconomicsBenjamin D. Cabrera, M.D., M.P.H. Medical Parasitology and Public HealthClare R. Baltazar, Ph.D. Systematic Entomology 2001Julian A. Banzon, Ph.D. (†) Biophysical Chemistry 1986

1982 Emil Q. Javier, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and Genetics1983 Bienvenido F. Nebres, S.J., Ph.D. Mathematics

Faustino T. Orillo, Ph.D. MycologyGelia T. Castillo, Ph.D. Rural Sociology 1999Hilario D.G. Lara, M.D., D.P.H. (†) Public Health 1985Jose O. Juliano, Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry and PhysicsJose R. Velasco, Ph.D. (†) Plant Physiology 1998

1985 Gregorio F. Zaide, Ph.D. HistoryQuintin L. Kintanar, M.D., Ph.D. Environmental MedicineQuirino O. Navarro, Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry

1987 Benito S. Vergara, Ph.D. Plant Physiology 2001Carmen LI. Intengan, Ph.D. NutritionDolores A. Ramirez, Ph.D. Biochemical Genetics and Cytogenetics 1998

Continued

TABLE 8.1 Members of the National Academy of Science and Technologyand Their Field of Specialization: 1978-2009

Name of Academician Field of Specialization


Table 8.1--Continued


Edito G. Garcia, M.D. Medical ParasitologyFilomena F. Campos, Ph.D. Plant Breeding CytogeneticsLourdes J. Cruz, Ph.D. Biochemistry 2006Prescillano M. Zamora, Ph.D. Plant Anatomy and MorphologySolita F. Camara-Besa, M.D., M.S. Biochemistry

1988 Ricardo M. Lantican, Ph.D. Plant Breeding 20051990 Apolinario D. Nazarea, Ph.D. Biophysics

Leopoldo S. Castillo, Ph.D. Animal ScienceRuben L. Villareal, Ph.D. Horticulture

1992 Ernesto O. Domingo, M.D. Internal Medicine GastroenterologyEvelyn Mae T. Mendoza, Ph.D. BiochemistryMercedes B. Concepcion, Ph.D. Demography 2010Rafael D. Guerrero III, Ph.D. Fisheries Management

1993 Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph.D. Marine BiologyRamon F. Abarquez Jr., M.D. CardiologySalcedo L. Eduardo, Ph.D. Veterinary and Medical ParasitologyTeodulo M. Topacio Jr., Ph.D. Veterinary Medicine June 17, 2009

1994 Perla D. Santos-Ocampo, M.D, Pediatrics1995 Ledevina V. Cariño, Ph.D. Sociology

Raul V. Fabella, Ph.D. EconomicsWilliam G. Padolina, Ph.D. Phytochemistry

1996 Andrew Gonzalez, F.S.C., Ph.D. LinguisticsVeronica F. Chan, Ph.D. Microbiology

1999 Onofre D. Corpuz, Ph.D. Political Economics and Government 20042000 Filemon A. Uriarte Jr., Ph.D. Chemical Engineering

Norman E. Borlaug, Ph.D. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Honorary Member1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate

2001 Angel L. Lazaro III, Ph.D. Civil EngineeringCeferino L. Follosco, Ph.D. Mechanical, Electrical, and Agricultural EngineeringReynaldo B. Vea, Ph.D. Marine Transportation System, and Naval ArchitectureWilliam T. Torres, Ph.D. Computer Science

2002 Romulo G. Davide, Ph.D. Plant PathologyAsuncion K. Raymundo, Ph.D. Microbial Genetics and Plant Pathology

2003 Jose B. Cruz, Ph.D. Electrical Engineering Corresponding MemberAmador C. Muriel, Ph.D. Physics Corresponding MemberEduardo A. Padlan, Ph.D. Biophysics Corresponding Member

2004 Ramon C. Barba, Ph.D. HorticultureAngel C. Alcala, Ph.D. Biological SciencesBaldomero M. Olivera Jr., Ph.D. Biochemistry Corresponding Member

2005 Cesar A. Saloma, Ph.D. Physics2006 Eliezer A. Albacea, Ph.D. Computer Science

Thelma E. Tupasi-Ramos, M.D. Infectious DiseasesReynaldo L. Villareal, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and Plant Pathology Corresponding MemberArsenio M. Balisacan, Ph.D. EconomicsLibertado C. Cruz, Ph.D. Animal Science and Reproductive BiotechnologyGisela P. Concepcion, Ph.D. Marine Natural Products, Biochemistry, and Biomedical SciencesCarmencita D. Padilla, M.D., MHPS GeneticsGavino C. Trono, Ph.D. PsychologyJose Maria P. Balmaceda, Ph.D. MathematicsAlvin B. Culaba, Ph.D. Mechanical EngineeringJaime C. Montoya, M.D. M.Sc. Infectious Diseases

Continued



Table 8.1--Concluded


2007 Christopher C. Bernido, Ph.D. PhysicsLeonardo Q. Liongson, Ph.D. Water Resources Administration/HydrologyAllan Benedict I. Bernardo, Ph.D. Cognitive PsychologyLiwayway M. Engle Genetics Corresponding Member

2008 Libertado C. Cruz, Ph.D. Animal Science-Reproductive BiotechnologyGavino C. Trono, Ph.D. Marine ScienceGisela P. Concepcion, Ph.D. Marine ScienceJose Maria P. Balmaceda, Ph.D. MathematicsAlvin B. Culaba, Ph.D. Mechanical EngineeringJaime C. Montoya, Ph.D. Infectious DiseasesCarmencita D. Padilla, M.D., MHPS GeneticsArsenio M. Balisacan, Ph.D. Economics

2009 Rodel D. Lasco, Ph.D. ForestryEufemio T. Rasco Jr, Ph.D. Plant BreedingRhodora V. Azanza, Ph.D. BotanyFabian M. Dayrit, Ph.D. ChemistryManuel M. Garcia, Ph.D. Microbiology

* Posthumous.

Source: National Academy of Science and Technology. Department of Science and Technology



YearAwarded

1980 Alberto G. Romualdez Jr., M.D. MedicineEly Anthony R. Ouano, Ph.D. Environmental EngineeringErnesto J. del Rosario, Ph.D. ChemistryErnesto M. Pernia, Ph.D. Economic DemographyFlorian M. Orejana-Ward, Ph.D. Fish Processing and Quality ControlRafael D. Guerrero III, Ph.D. Fisheries ManagementRufino H. Ibarra, Ph.D. PhysicsSalcedo L. Eduardo, Ph.D. ParasitologyThelma E. Tupasi-Ramos, M.D. Infectious DiseasesVictoria A. Vicente-Beckett, Ph.D. Chemistry

1981 Ernesto P. Lozada, Ph.D. Agricultural EngineeringEsperanza A. Icasas-Cabral, M.D. CardiologyLourdes J. Cruz, Ph.D. BiochemistryManolito G. Natera, Ph.D. PhysicsPaciente A. Cordero Jr., Ph.D. Marine BiologyRomeo M. Bautista, Ph.D. EconomicsSeverino V. Gervacio, Ph.D. Mathematics

1982 Alejandro N. Herrin, Ph.D. Demographic EconomicsBenito L. Tanhehco, Ph.D. Biomedical EngineeringCarmelo A. Alfiler, M.D. Pediatric MedicineJose A. Marasigan, Ph.D. MathematicsPercy E. Sajise, Ph.D. EcologyRodolfo P. Cabangbang, Ph.D. AgronomyVirgilio G. Enriquez, Ph.D. PsychologyWilliam G. Padolina, Ph.D. Phytochemistry

1983 Luzvisminda U. Rivero, Ph.D. ChemistryPonciano S.M. Halos, Ph.D. Plant PathologyRemegio M. Olveda, M.D. Parasitic DiseasesVicente B. Paqueo, Ph.D. Human Resource Economics

1984 Eufemio T. Rasco Jr., Ph.D. Plant BreedingEvelyn Mae T. Mendoza, Ph.D. BiochemistryFilemon A. Uriarte Jr., Ph.D. Chemical EngineeringReynaldo E. dela Cruz, Ph.D. ForestryRoger R. Posadas, Ph.D. PhysicsWilliam T. Chua, M.D. Cardiovascular Medicine

1985 Alumanda M. dela Rosa, Ph.D. Radiation ChemistryAmaryllis T. Torres, Ph.D. PsychologyAnn Inez N. Gironella, Ph.D. StatisticsCorazon M. Raymundo, Ph.D. Population ScienceJose A. Magpantay, Ph.D. PhysicsMediadora C. Saniel, M.D. EpidemiologyRegalado G. Zamora, Ph.D. Animal ScienceWilliam D. Dar, Ph.D. Agriculture

Continued

TABLE 8.2 Outstanding Young Scientists and Their Field of Specialization: 1980-2008

Name Field of Specialization



Yearof Entry

1986 Danilo M. Yanga, Ph.D. PhysicsEdwin A. Benigno, Ph.D. EntomologyErnesto S. Luis, Ph.D. Food ChemistryGlorina N. Pocsidio, Ph.D. ZoologyIda F. Dalmacio, Ph.D. Food MicrobiologyMa. Concepcion C. Lizada, Ph.D. BiochemistryManolo G. Mena, Ph.D. Metallurgy

1987 Dante B. Canlas, Ph.D. EconomicsFelino P. Lansigan, Ph.D. StatisticsLinda S. Posadas, Ph.D. PhysicsManuel F. Montes, Ph.D. EconomicsMiguel D. Fortes, Ph.D. Marine Plant EcologyRene P. Felix, Ph.D. MathematicsReynaldo C. Mabesa, Ph.D. Food ScienceRuben M. Gapasin, Ph.D. Plant PathologyRuperto P. Alonzo, M.A. EconomicsWilfredo I. Jose, Ph.D. Chemical Engineering

1988 Benito C. Tan, Ph.D. BotanyFrancisco M. Basuel, Ph.D. Animal ScienceManuel M. Lantin, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and GeneticsMaria Cynthia Rose B. Bautista, Ph.D. SociologyPolly W. Sy, Ph.D. MathematicsRolando E. Ramos, Ph.D. Mathematics

1989 Alfinetta Fermina B. Zamora, Ph.D. AgronomyCandida B. Adalla, Ph.D. EntomologyChristopher C. Bernido, Ph.D. PhysicsEfren F. Abaya, Ph.D. Electrical EngineeringMary Ann D. Lansang, Ph.D. Clinical EpidemiologyVirginia C. Cuevas, Ph.D. Botany

1990 Adelina A. Barrion, Ph.D. Insect GeneticsAmbrosio Raul R. Alfiler, M.S. EntomologyEmmanuel M. Lagare, Ph.D. MathematicsLilian F. Pateña, M.S. Plant Tissue CultureManuel M. Dayrit, M.D., M.P.H. EpidemiologyManuela Fe H. Tarroja, Ph.D. PhysicsRobert N. Padua, Ph.D. Theoretical StatisticsRodel G. Maghirang, M.S. Vegetable BreedingWilfred U. Tiu, Ph.D. Parasitology and Immunology

1991 Alberto T. Barrion, M.S. EntomologyEdwino S. Fernando, M.S. Plant TaxonomyEmerenciana E. Ballelos-Duran, Ph.D. BiophysicsFlorentino C. Sumera, Ph.D. ChemistryJoseph Anthony Y. Lim, Ph.D. EconomicsMa. Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Ph.D. PsychologyMa. Socorro H. Gochoco-Bautista, Ph.D. EconomicsVictor B. Amoroso, Ph.D. BotanyVioleta N. Villegas, Ph.D. Fruit Breeding and Genetics

Continued




Yearof Entry

1992 Arsenio M. Balisacan, Ph.D. EconomicsCaesar A. Saloma, Ph.D. Applied PhysicsIrene M. Villaseñor, Ph.D. ChemistryLuz R. Nochefranca, Ph.D. MathematicsMa. Helen T. Yap, Ph.D. Marine BiologyPortia G. Lapitan, M.S. Forest BiologyRhodora A. del Rosario, M.D. Health ScienceValentino C. Perdido, Ph.D. Crop Science

1993 Angelina M. Bacala, Ph.D. PhysicsEmmanuel S. de Dios, Ph.D. EconomicsGerardo C. Janairo, D. Natural Science ChemistryGraciano P. Yumul Jr., D.Sc. GeologyJosephine U. Agravante, Ph.D. Postharvest HorticultureMa. Alicia M. Aguinaldo, Ph.D. ChemistryPorfirio Alexander M. Aliño, Ph.D. Marine BiologySeverino S. Capitan, Ph.D. Animal Physiology and NutritionShirley R. Tiong-Palisoc, Ph.D. Physics

1994 Cecilia P. Reyes, Ph.D. EntomologyCherrie L. Bunag-Pascual, Ph.D. ChemistryDesiree I. Menancio-Hautea, Ph.D. Plant Genetics and Molecular BiologyElda B. Esguerra, Ph.D. Postharvest HorticultureGil S. Jacinto, Ph.D. Marine ChemistryManuel L. Logroño, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and GeneticsMarie Antonette R. Juinio-Meñez, Ph.D. Marine BiologySergio S. Cao, Ph.D. MathematicsTerencio D. Lacuesta, Ph.D. PhysicsTeresita H. Borromeo, M.S. Plant Breeding

1995 Abundio A. Balgos, M.D. Pulmonary and Internal MedicineAllan Benedict I. Bernardo, Ph.D. Cognitive PsychologyAntonio C. Laurena, Ph.D. Agricultural ChemistryArmando C. Crisostomo, M.D. Colon and Rectal SurgeryFidelina B. Natividad-Carlos, Ph.D. EconomicsJose Maria P. Balmaceda, Ph.D. MathematicsMaribel L. Dionisio-Sese, D.Sc. Biophysics and Plant PhysiologyMerlyn S. Mendioro, Ph.D. GeneticsRandy A. Hautea, Ph.D. Plant BreedingZenaida N. Ganga, Ph.D. Plant Breeding

1996 Antonio L. Acedo Jr., Ph.D. HorticultureCarmelita A. Belda-Baillie, Ph.D. ZoologyEduardo C. Lim, M.D. ImmunologyEliezer A. Albacea, Ph.D. Computer ScienceJezie A. Acorda, Ph.D. Veterinary MedicineJose E. Hernandez, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and GeneticsJose M. Oclarit, Ph.D. Applied BiochemistryJossie M. Rogacion, M.D. Pediatric Nutrition and GastroenterologyRoland V. Sarmago, Ph.D. PhysicsTessa T. Torres-Edejer, M.D. Clinical Economics

Continued




Yearof Entry

1997 Antonio Miguel L. Dans, M.D., M.S. Clinical EpidemiologyBlessilda P. Raposa, Ph.D. MathematicsCesar L. Villanoy, Ph.D. Physical OceanographyDamasa B. Magcale-Macandog, Ph.D. BotanyEdward H.M. Wang, M.D. OrthopedicsLeonorina G. Cada, Ph.D. ChemistryOrville L. Bondoc, Ph.D. Animal Breeding and GeneticsRhodora R. Aldemita, Ph.D. BotanyRicardo T. Jose, Ph.D. History and Area StudiesRodel D. Lasco, Ph.D. Forestry

1998 Edilberto D. Redoña, Ph.D. GeneticsFelix P. Muga II, Ph.D. MathematicsJaime C. Montoya, M.D. MicrobiologyMa. Emma Concepcion D. Liwag PsychologyMa. Jamela R. Revilleza, Ph.D. BiochemistryMario R. Festin, M.D. Obstetrics and GynecologyMark J. Encarnacion, Ph.D. Technical MathematicsPhilbert S. Bonilla, Ph.D. Plant PhysiologyRonald R. Matias, Ph.D. ZoologyVermando M. Aquino, Ph.D. Plant Pathology

1999 Bernadette D.L. Libranda-Ramirez, Ph.D. ImmunologyCesar G. Demayo, Ph.D. Entomology and GeneticsDanilo B. Largo, Ph.D. Aquatic Environmental ScienceEric R. Punzalan, Ph.D. ChemistryLeocadio S. Sebastian, Ph.D. Plant BreedingMerdelyn T. Caasa, Lit, Ph.D. Plant Science and EntomologySergio R. Canoy Jr., Ph.D. MathematicsVicente Y. Belizario Jr., Ph.D. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

2000 Arnel N. del Barrio, Ph.D. Ruminant NutritionFrancisco A. Magno, Ph.D. Political ScienceIrineo L. Lit Jr., Ph.D. EntomologyIshmael D. Ordoñez, Ph.D. ChemistryJose Ramon T. Villarin, Ph.D. Atmospheric PhysicsPablito M. Magdalita, Ph.D. Plant Breeding, Tissue Culture and Molecular BiologyPerry S. Ong, Ph.D. Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyRafael C. Bundoc, M.D. OrthopedicsRicardo Jose D. Quinto II, M.D. Vascular SurgeryRoberto M. Malaluan, Ph.D. Chemical Engineering

2001 Albert A. Gapud, Ph.D. PhysicsConrado H. Balatero, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and GeneticsChristina A. Binag, Ph.D. ChemistryDindo M. Campilan, Ph.D. Communication and Innovation StudiesEdward F. Barroga, Ph. D. Veterinary OncologyJohn Paul C. Vergara, Ph.D. Computer Science and ApplicationsLemnuel V. Aragones, Ph.D. Marine Biology and EcologyMa. Antonia Esteban-Habana, M.D., M.S. EpidemiologyPatricio P. Palmes, M.D. Internal MedicineSimeona V. Siar, Ph.D. Plant Breeding

Continued




Yearof Entry

2002 Renato A. Avenido, Ph.D. Agricultural SciencesPeter S. Guzman, Ph.D. Plant Breeding and GeneticsGabriel O. Romero, Ph.D. GeneticsRea Victoria P. Anunciado, Ph.D. Animal Genetics and PhysiologyNoli N. Reyes, Ph.D. MathematicsRaymundo C. Sison, Ph.D. Computer ScienceArnel A. Salvador, Ph.D. PhysicsEva Maria C. Cutiongco, M.D. GeneticsMa. Lourdes de Leon-Matsuda, M.D. SurgeryQueena N. Lee-Chua, Ph.D. Clinical Psychology

2003 Nathaniel C. Bantayan, Ph.D. Forestry EngineeringWilliam L. delos Santos, Ph.D. Agronomy and SoilsMa. Corazon A. de Ungria, Ph.D. Molecular BiologyEvelyn Grace T. de Jesus-Ayson, Ph.D. ZoologyAgnes T. Paras, Ph.D. MathematicsCarla B. Dimalanta, Ph.D. GeologyMary Ann A. Endoma, Ph.D. ChemistryJesus N. Sarol Jr., Ph. D. EpidemiologyJose Alberto S. Reyes, Ph.D. Psychology

2004 Glenn B. Gregorio, Ph.D. GeneticsRio John T. Ducusin, Ph.D. Veterinary ScienceCynthia P. Saloma, DrSci. PhysiologyWenresti G. Gallardo, Ph.D. Marine ScienceJean O. Loyola, Ph.D. MathematicsErwin P. Enriquez, Ph.D. Physical ChemistryRaymund R. Tan, Ph.D. Mechanical EngineeringMarie Carmela M. Lapitan, M.D. UrologyJonna DLP. Estudillo, Ph.D. EconomicsMa. Joy V. Abrenica, Ph.D. Economics

2005 Mario Juan A. Aurelio, Ph.D. Structural Geology and TectonicsJulie F. Barcelona, Ph.D. BotanyRicardo C.H. del Rosario, Ph.D. MathematicsMa. Regina M. Hechanova, Ph.D. Industrial/Organizational PsychologyRonaldo B. Mactal, Ph.D. HistoryFelix Eduardo R. Punzalan, M.D. CardiologyJohn Donnie A. Ramos, Ph.D. Molecular Biology/ImmunologyLuis Francisco Q. Sarmenta, Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

2006 Ma. Genaleen Q. Diaz, Ph.D. GeneticsGrecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro, Ph.D. BotanyArturo O. Lluisma, Ph.D. BiologyJose Ernie C. Lope, Ph.D. MathematicsVincent Ricardo M. Daria Dr. of Engineering Applied PhysicsMaricor N. Soriano, Ph.D. Applied PhysicsLenora C. Fernandez, M.D. Respiratory Health and Emergency CareJericho Thaddeus P. Luna, M.D. Obstetrics and GynecologyWindell L. Rivera, Ph.D. Medical ScienceRollin P. Tabuena, M.D. Pulmonary Medicine

Continued



Table 8.2--Concluded

Yearof Entry

2007 Willie P. Abasolo, Ph.D. AgricultureChristian Joseph R. Cumagun, Dr.Sc. AgricultureArnold V. Hallare, Dr. rer nat EcotoxicologyEphrime B. Metillo, Ph.D. ZoologyDrexel H. Camacho, Ph.D. ChemistryLaura T. David, Ph.D. Physical OceanographyJoseph Auresenia, Ph.D. Chemical EngineeringPaulito P. Palmes, D. Engineering Information and Computer SciencesEduardo C. Ayuste, Jr., M.D. Clinical SurgeryCzarina A. Saloma-Akpendonu, Ph.D. Sociology

2008 Haydee F. Galvez, Ph.D. Genetics and Plant BreedingAntonio A. Alfonso, Ph.D. Plant BiologyConstancio A. Asis Jr., Ph.D. AgricultureArvin C. Diesmos, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology and Environmental ScienceCarlo Mar Y. Blanca, Ph.D. PhysicsRoberto B. Corcino, Ph.D. MathematicsJaderick P. Pabico, M.S. Computer ScienceRaul V. Destura, M.D. Internal MedicineClaire Dennis S. Mapa, Ph.D. EconomicsEdsel L. Beja Jr., Ph.D. Economics

Source: National Academy of Science and Technology. Department of Science and Technology.



Agency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Department of Science and Technology (DOST) * * * *Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic Natural Resources, Research and Development (PCAARRD) * * * *Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) *Philippine Council for Industry and Energy and Emergency Technology and Research and Development (PCIEERD) * *Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) * * * *Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI) * * *Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) * * * * * *Metal Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) * * *Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) * * * * * *Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) * *Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI)Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) * * *Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) * *Science Education Institute (SEI) *Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) * *Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI) * * * *Philippine Science High School (PSHS) *National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) *National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) * * *

Source: Department of Science and Technology.

1 - Testing, standardization, metrology, and quality control.2 - Regular routine work on the counseling of clients designed to help them use scientific, technological, and management information, such as technical assistance and training.3 - Activities relating to patents and licenses.4 - Prospecting and related activities designed to locate and identify oil and mineral resources.5 - Topographical, geological, and hydrological surveying; meteorological and seismological observation; surveying of soils and plants, fish, and wildlife resources; routine soil, atmosphere, and water testing; and routine checking and monitoring of radioactivity levels.6 - S&T services provided by museums of S&T, botanical and zoological gardens, and other S&T collections (anthropological, archaeological, geological, and others).7 - S&T services provided by libraries, archives, information and documentation centers, reference departments, scientific congress centers, data banks, and information processing departments.8 - Systematic work on the translation and editing of S&T books and periodicals.9 - Gathering information on human, social, economic, and cultural phenomena usually for the purpose of compiling routine statistics such as population censuses, market studies, and social and cultural statistics.

TABLE 8.3 Types of Scientific and Technological Services Renderedby the DOST System, by Agency


2002 2003 2005 2007 2009

Total 5,770 5,910 6,327 7,556 8,779

Government 976 1,130 1,175 1,334 1,893Government agencies 336 675 82 8 148State colleges and universities 640 455 1,093 1,326 1,745

Private 4,794 4,780 5,152 6,222 6,886Private industries 3,910 4,018 3,905 4,308 5,045Non-government organizations 452 460 969 1,462 1,228Private colleges and universities 432 302 278 452 613

Source: Department of Science and Technology

2003 2005 2006 2008 2009

Total 4,018,085 3,705,095 3,993,083 7,376,075 5,045,369

Agriculture, Hunting, and Forestry 34,382 58,849 18,519 44,689 38,865Fishing 43 2,841 1,034 1,272 276Mining ang Quarrying 8,274 4,959 212,979 8,941 69,503Manufacturing 3,279,598 2,314,377 2,756,726 5,766,530 3,482,472Electricity, Gas, and Water Supply 174,373 33,545 102,467 98,500 126,566Construction 10,220 - 61,446 61,355 17,754Wholesale and Retail Trade 159,075 - 91,126 109,360 187,938Hotels and Restaurants 26,795 29,589 38,907 34,902 30,674Transport Storage and Communications 6,131 704,062 46,093 36,287 -Financial Intermediation 28,284 89,425 82,159 408,196 217,515Real Estate 178,540 359,295 433,443 482,995 699,197Health and Social Work 37,996 52,977 84,113 33,063 61,417Other Community, Social, and Personal Services 74,374 55,176 64,071 289,985 113,192


(In Thousand Pesos)

Agency

Major Industry

TABLE 8.4 National Research and Development Expenditures, by Sector:

(At Current Prices, In Million Pesos)

TABLE 8.5 National Research and Development Expenditures, by Major Industry:2003-2009

2002-2009


Sector / Field of Activity 2007 2009 2007 2009 2007 2009 2007 2009

Total 1,333,941 1,392,691 1,326,449 430,458 1,745,324 367,334 162,167 228,448

Exploration and exploitation of the earth 14,636 137,243 7,636 32,097 23,327 25,562 1,225 1,334

149,911 148,925 10,248 31,060 3,641 23,135 - 557Control and save of the environment 101,074 111,191 234,793 39,126 245,073 48,784 6,810 14,689

118,849 58,577 127,530 45,064 223,803 55,738 7,119 20,910

33,417 152,864 140,633 28,008 68,196 26,590 - 482Agriculture, production and technology 319,955 458,903 578,693 6,808 983,377 41,052 42,649 150,865Industrial production and technology 91,973 134,585 61,902 30,809 32,562 47,814 2,153 1,946Social structures and relationships 5,646 28,698 55,220 41,853 129,609 60,796 50,434 29,353Exploration and exploitation of space 632 - - 27,365 5,327 23,294 - -Defense 134,359 36,287 1,407 307 584 46 53 -Access to information and knowledge 177,632 110,942 18,334 32,893 24,129 14,523 4,110 8,312Others not elsewhere classified 58,252 14,476 39,448 113,112 5,696 - 5,776 -Not classified 127,605 - 50,605 1,956 - - 41,838 -


Infrastructure and general planning of land use

Protection and improvement of human healthProduction, distribution and national utilization of energy

Institutions Institutions

TABLE 8.6 National Research and Development Expenditures, by Socio-EconomicActivity and by Sector of Performance: 2007-2009

(At Current Prices, In Thousand Pesos)

Government Higher Education Higher Education Private and Nonprofit


Number of AffectedIncidence Dead Injured Missing Families Persons

2011 374 1,783 6,799 309 2,666,347 13,268,437

Earthquakes 78 - 38 - 1,602 8,014Sea mishaps 44 - 5 7 - 46Landslides 66 35 35 12 6 2Flashfloods/flooding 121 41 17 20 41,928 209,238TECF 1 75 13 22 411,126 2,076,351Continuous rain 5 25 176 1 145,792 694,781Destructive typhoon 12 1,544 6,312 247 2,065,368 10,270,617Nondestructive typhoon 7 - - - - -Storm surge 4 - - - - -Pest infestations 1 - - - - -Lightning strikes 5 - - - - -Whirlwind/ tornadoes 23 3 20 - 525 2,031Disease outbreak 7 60 183 - - 7,357

2010 245 195 190 90 1,280,149 6,197,386

Earthquakes 127 - - - - -Volcanic activity 9 1 - - 2,834 14,161Landslides 28 18 19 - 756 3,998Flashfloods/flooding 47 17 10 3 117,972 593,796El Niňo 1 - - - 477,868 2,389,340Soil erosion 1 1 3 - - -Tornadoes 8 - 1 - 217 1,109Strong winds 3 - 2 - 110 433Whirlwind 1 - 3 - 125 625Pest infestation 1 - - - - -Thunderstorm 1 - - - 225 997Continuous rain 2 16 2 2 136,731 596,340Lightning/thunderstorm 5 6 17 - - -Typhoons 11 136 133 85 543,311 2,596,587

Source: Department of Science and Technology.

TABLE 8.7 Number of Incidence, Casualties, and Affected Families/Persons by Type of Disaster: 2010 and 2011

CasualtiesType of Disaster

Documents

2011 PY_Scientific and Industrial Research