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2011 Mumbai bombings

The 2011 Mumbai bombings (often referred to as 13 July or 13/7 ) were a series of three coordinatedbomb explosions at different locations in Mumbai, India, on 13 July 2011 between 18:54 and 19:06 IST.

The blasts occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar West localities.

Timeline and damage

The first device was planted on a motorcycle at Khau Gali in south Mumbai's Zaveri Bazaar andexploded at 18:54 local time. The second device, planted in a tiffin box at the Opera House near Charni Road, exploded at 18:55. The third device was placed on an electric pole at a Kabutar Khana bus stand in Dadar area and exploded at 19:06. Following the blasts, phone lines were

jammed and communications ceased or were available intermittently for at least a few hours.Other metropolitan cities like Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore were also put on highalert. Immediately after the blasts, the Mumbai Police sent an SMS to a few mobile phone usersin Mumbai reading "Bomb blasts reported at Zaveri Bazaar, Dadar. Please be careful. Stay

indoors. Watch news channels".Most of the injured were rushed to various hospitals in Mumbai,such as J.J. Hospital, St. George's Hospital, Harikishandas Hospital and G.T. Hospital. Mumbaihas been hit by terrorist incidents at least half a dozen times since the early 1990s, with over 600

people dying in these attacks. In an editorial, the Times of India described the city as having become a "hot hunting ground for terror."

Casualties and compensation

The blasts claimed 26 lives and injured an additional 130 others.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Indian National Congress leader Sonia Gandhi visitedMumbai the next day and met with those injured in blasts at Saifee Hospital. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced a compensation of 2,00,000 to the kin of each of those killed and

1,00,000 to the seriously injured. Meanwhile, the Maharashta Government also announced5,00,000 in compensation to the families of each of those killed and about 50,000 to the injured.

Investigations

Speculations

There was speculation that the pattern of the blasts suggested involvement of Indian Mujahideen.

According to the Special cell of the Delhi Police, Indian Mujahideen has been conducting blastson the 13 or 26 of the month. Speculation was also rife that the Mumbai underworld could be behind these blasts, in the light of the killing of journalist Jyotirmoy Dey, as well as theattempted assassination of Dawood Ibrahim' s brother, Iqbal Kaskar on 3 May. 13 July is alsoobserved as Kashmir Martyr's day, and there could be a possibility that the attacks were carriedout by Kashmiri groups. There is also a view that the attacks could have been plotted by thosetrying to derail the Indo-Pakistani peace process.

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The slain MiD DAY crime journalist Jyotirmoy Dey had previously reported that a huge cache of 35 detonators, gelatin sticks and large quantity of ammonium nitrate explosives had been seizedon 20 May 2011 from Umarkui and Sayli village in Silvassa. Ammonium nitrate, gelatin anddetonators have been used in several bomb blasts in Mumbai previously. The report alsomentioned that this cache had gone missing soon after local police took custody. The journalist

had also speculated that the cache might be used to trigger terror attacks in the city. There werecalls for further investigations into this link to the Mumbai blasts by his employer MiD DAY .

Investigations

The Home Ministry classified the bomb blasts as a terrorist act and dispatched a NationalInvestigation Agency (NIA) team to the bomb site. The Chief Minister of Maharashtra PrithvirajChavan said that the bombs used could have been fuel filled, much like molotov cocktails. Preliminary investigations suggested the use of multiple IED explosives in the blasts withammonium nitrate- based explosives mixed with fuel oil. The explosives indicate some level of sophistication. It is also believed that remote detonators may have been used, with two of the

three blasts being high-intensity. The Home Minister also announced that his office would beupdating the people through the media every two hours.

The Maharashtra ATS was reported to have sought a list of passengers travelling from Kolkatato Mumbai and Kolkata to Kanpur from the Kolkata police. The suspicions were a result of aKolkata man with Indian Mujahideen link having gone missing in the previous few days. A NIAteam visited Ahmedabad on 15 July to meet an Indian Mujahideen suspect who was arrested bythe Crime Branch in connection with the Ahemdabad blast in 2008. On 16 July, MaharashtraATS Chief Rakesh Maria said that, based on forensic opinion and visit to the various sites, the

possibility of a suicide bomber was being ruled out. However, a sketch of a possible suspect based on CCTV footage from one of the blast sites was being prepared. He added that in light of

the sensitive nature of the investigation, the entire detail of the probe could not be revealed atthat particular stage.

On 4 August, Home Minister PC Chidambaram suggested indications of involvement of a home-grown terror module in the blasts.

On 9 August, the Maharashtra ATS arrested one person it claimed had stolen a bike used in theZaveri Bazaar explosion. The bike had been stolen from one Amit Singh a few hours before the

blasts. CCTV footage showed one person with long hair riding a stolen red colour Honda Activa,entering the crowded lane, taking two left turns, placing the scooter at the spot of the explosionand walking off.

Allegations of police brutality

The Mumbai Police detained several men for questioning. One of those detained FaizUsmani died while in police custody on 17 July, sparking allegations of police brutality.Usmani was the brother of one of the accused in the 2008 Ahmedabad bombings case. It wasalleged by his family members that Faiz Usmani was healthy when the police picked him up andthat he was subjected to torture in police custody. The police dismissed these charges and

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countered that Usmani was suffering from hypertension and complained of giddiness after walking himself into a police station. He was admitted to the Lokmanya Tilak hospital, Sion,Mumbai, following which he died quickly due to blood clots in brain and a heart attack. A CID

probe has been ordered into Usmani's death.

AftermathIn the wake of the blasts, Boeing announced that the Boeing-787 Dreamliner, which was on itsmaiden visit to India, would skip the Mumbai leg of the trip. An official said that it would have

been insensitive to take the plane to Mumbai at this time when such a tragedy had occurred andthat the decision had also been taken in view of security concerns and so as not to put added

pressure to provide extra cover for the aircraft.

Chief Minister of Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan revealed a plan by the Maharashtra governmentfor a future use of satellite phones and the development of a secure communication network sothat the administrative functioning is not affected during such crises as a result of network

problems. He also reiterated the need to expedite the procurement of police modernisationequipment and the installation of CCTV cameras at prominent places in the city.

Reactions

Domestic

President Pratibha Patil and Vice President Hamid Ansari expressed their shock and condemnedthe attacks in Mumbai. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh also condemned the bombing,and called on Mumbai citizens to remain calm and show unity .[44] Other politicians, such as

Sonia Gandhi, chairperson of the Indian National Congress and Nitin Gadkari of the BJPexpressed their anger and offered condolences to the families of the bombing victims. Senior BJP leader L K Advani visited Mumbai on 14 July and stated that the repeated attacks inMumbai prove policy failure on part of the government. The Left parties strongly condemned theMumbai serial blasts and rued the governments inability to track down the perpetrators of recentterror strikes. Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan said that this was an attack on theheart of India. Home Minister P. Chidambaram left Delhi for Mumbai on the same night andvisited the three blast sites, met the injured in the hospitals, and interacted with the familymembers of the dead.

Local politician, Manohar Joshi of the Shiv Sena, urged the government to "take immediate

steps and find out who are people behind the blasts."

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