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2011 Maple Tubing and Taphole Sanitation Research
Stephen ChildsNew York State Maple Specialist
Cornell UniversityResearch funded by the New York
State Farm Viability Institute
Vacuum: New Spout and drop vs. old spout and drop
0
5
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New spout +drop
Old spout +drop
120% or2.2 times,14.1 more gallons of sap per tap
Vacuum: Check valve + old drop vs. old spout and drop
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5
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25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new check valve +old drop
old spout and drop
101% or2 times
increase10.2 moregallons of
sap per tap
Vacuum: Check valve vs. old vs. new
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5
10
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30
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap new check valve +old drop
old spout and drop
New spout + drop
Vacuum: 2nd year silver (brushed) vs. old spout + drop
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5
10
15
20
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd yearsilver(brushed) +old dropold spout + drop
72% or 1.7 times or increase of8.8 more gallons of sap per tap
Vacuum: new vs. 2nd year silver(brushed) vs old
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sap
per
tap 2nd year
silver(brushed) +old dropold spout + drop
New spout +drop
Vacuum: 2nd year spout + drop vs. old spout and drop
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6
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10
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14
16
18
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2nd year spout + drop
old spout and drop
31% or 1.3 times more
sap flowImprovement
3.9 more gallons of sap
per tap
Vacuum: 2nd year vs. old vs. new
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25
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02/16/11 02/26/11 03/08/11 03/18/11 03/28/11 04/07/11 04/17/11
Date
Gallo
ns of
sap p
er tap
2nd year spout + drop
old spout and drop
New spout + drop
Vacuum: Cooperator site (Roy and Ed) new vs. 2nd year
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2nd year spout +drop
New spout anddrop
6% differenceOlder tubing produced .8 more gallons per tap (22” vacuum)
Vacuum: Silver extender + old drop vs new spout + drop
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10
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext onold drop
New spout +drop
28% or 1.3 times more sap, 4.7 gallons more sap per tap
Vacuum: Silver extender + old drop vs. new vs old
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5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext on old drop
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
Vacuum: Tap sanitation comparison
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Silver ext on old drop
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
new check valve +old drop
Vacuum: Evaluation of a 5/16 dryline to each tap
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
new spout + drop
new spout + drop + dry line
18% increaseNot
scientificallysignificant
Vacuum: 7/16 spout vs. 5/16 spout
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new 7/16
new 5/16
Gravity: New spout + drop vs. old spout + drop
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New spout + drop
Old spout + drop
133%, 2.4 times or 6.5 more gallons per tap
Gravity: Check valve spout + old drop vs. new spout and drop
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
check valve spout +old drop
New spout and drop produced 21% or 1.8 more gallons of sap per tap than a check valve and old drop
Gravity: New vs. check valve vs. old
0
2
4
6
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
check valve spout +old drop
Old spout + drop
Gravity: Old drop washed in alcohol vs. unwashed
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
Gravity: Comparison of alcohol wash vs. new and old drops
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
Old spout + drop
Gravity: 2nd year spout + drop vs. old spout + drop
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1
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8
9
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd year spout anddrop
Old spout and drop
100% or 4 gallons per tap increase in sap yield
Gravity: 2nd year vs. old vs. new
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
2nd year spout and drop
Old spout and drop
New spout + drop
2 year old spout and tap vs. old tap and drop - gravity
0
0.5
1
1.5
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2.5
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3.5
4
3/3/2010 3/8/2010 3/13/2010 3/18/2010 3/23/2010 3/28/2010 4/2/2010 4/7/2010
Date
Gal
lons
of s
ap p
er ta
p
2 year old spout and drop
Old spout and old drop
17% increase
2010
Silver spouts new and second year
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03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New silver spout + olddrop
2nd year silver spoutand drop
26% differenceNot scientifically
significant
Gravity: Siver spout comparison
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6
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10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New silver spout + old drop
2nd year silver spout and drop
New spout + drop
Old spout and drop
Gravity: Tap sanitation comparisons
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2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
new spout old drop
Old spout + drop
check valve spout + old drop
Gravity: tap sanitation comparison
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
new spout + drop
Alcohol wash
Old spout + drop
check valve spout + old drop
New silver spout + old drop
Vacuum vs. Gravity
• Vacuum levels usually 16” – 17”
Vacuum vs. gravity - new spout and drop
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
New vacuum
New gravity
151% increase, 2.5 times more
Sap or15.6 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
Vacuum vs. Gravity - old spout and drops
0
2
4
6
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10
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02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Gravity - old
Vacuum - old
110% increase, 2.1 times more
Sap or5.3 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
Vacuum vs. Gravity - Check valve spout + old drop
0
5
10
15
20
25
02/21/11 02/26/11 03/03/11 03/08/11 03/13/11 03/18/11 03/23/11 03/28/11 04/02/11 04/07/11 04/12/11
Date
Gal
lon
s o
f sa
p p
er t
ap
Vacuum - CVS
Gravity - CVS
140% increase, 2.4 times more
Sap or11.9 more
Gallons of sap Per tap 16” vac
2010
Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
Vacuum pump rated at 60 CFM at 15" vacuum CFM capacity at different vacuum levels
18
20
22
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Inches of Vacuum
CFM
Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5%
Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Basic rules of thumb
• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%
• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased by 5%
• 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the desired vacuum
Economic Value of Vacuum
• Excel Spreadsheet• Basic rules of thumb• for each 1" increase in vacuum the cfm is reduced by 8%• for each 1" increase in vacuum sap volume is increased
by 5%• 1 cfm of pump capacity required for each 100 taps at the
desired vacuum• vacuum cost estimated at $200 per cfm depreciated
100% over 5 years with 20% added for electric• cfm capacity of pump as rated at 15" of vacuum• sap converted to syrup at 43 gallons of sap per gallon of
syrup• priced at wholesale value of $3.00 per pound
