HAITI EARTHQUAKE Jan. 12, 2010 Damage Assessment Results and Damaged Houses Repair StrategiesMichael King, S.E.Miyamoto + Cardno, Ltd NZ Miyamoto International Earthquake + Structural Engineers Michael.King@miyamotocardno.co.nz +64.(021) 35 6751

300,000 deaths. 3 million people in affected area. 200,000 buildings damaged (red or yellow). 1.2 million people homeless, Jan 2010. 810,000 homeless, March 2011.

Since 1900, there have been approximately 600,000 deaths recorded by direct structural collapse worldwide. On January 12, 2010, this number suddenly jumped to 900,000. To provide a perspective, the nuclear blast in Hiroshima killed 200,000.

Non-Ductile Concrete

Unreinforced Masonry

Main Causes of Disaster Lack of preparedness since no major earthquake since 1770s. Design and construction practices without earthquake effect consideration. Rapid growth of informal buildings with substandard construction.

810,000 People Homeless

MTPTC Damage Assessment Program Executed by UNOPS and PADF, funded by World Bank and USAID. 3 Major strategic goals: 1. Rapid safety identification 2. Reconstruction strategy database 3. Capacity building ATC20 modified for Haiti construction. Satellite geo-coordinated based computer data collection and organization system.

Damage Assessment Organization 600 Haitian engineers trained 17 divisions, total of 250 engineers Each division has 15 engineers ( 1 division leader, 2 assist. division leaders, 12 engineers). One international expert engineer assigned to 2 to 5 divisions. Zone coverage by divisions.

Damage Assessment Results This assessment program yielded many life saving and useful results. People reoccupied the majority of the green houses, 1.2 million to 800k homeless. More accurate debris volume was calculated.

100% 90%Damage index (o=none, 100=collapse)

80% 70% 60%

50%40% 30%

Cumulative damage-index fragilityResidential Schools Commercial Median

20%10% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Number of buildings (normalized by total surveyed)

100%Damage index (o=none, 100=collapse)

90%

80%70% 60% 50% 40%

Cumulative damage-index fragilityOne or Two stories Three stories Four and more stories Median

30%20% 10%

0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Number of buildings (normalized by total surveyed)

Debris Estimation Pool of 255,000 assessed buildings to determine the total area of 410,000 buildings. Sample population of 177 buildings in Delmas 32 with high degree of accuracy for volumetric data. Use inferential statistics to estimate total debris volume.

Statistically Organized Data Base

Population Properties Population mean:0.634 m3 per m2 per floor.

Standard deviation:0.0857 m3 per m2 per floor.

98 % confidence level: 2 sigma. Unit volume is 0.805 m3 per m2 per floor with 98% confidence.

Total Floor Area Mean is 60 m2. Total floor area is 90 m2 with 90% confidence.

Total Debris Volume 98% probability debris unit volume is 0.805 m3 per m2 per floor. 90% probability total debris volume is 8.8 million m3. UNOPS study indicates 10.7 million m3. MTPTC recommendation: 10 million m3 or 0.92 m3 per m2 per floor.

Yellow House Reconstruction Goals 80,000 red, 110,000 yellow, 210,000 green. Average 7 people live in a house. 700,000 people will be affected. 350,000 people will leave camps.

Repair Strategies Repair engineering guideline. Engineering assessment. Training of masons and local contractors. Community-based construction management. Quality control under MTPTC authority.

MTPTC Repair Guideline Repair back to better than pre-earthquake condition. ASTM STP 1180 Report. 300% Capacity Increase. Readily available materials in Haiti. Local engineers, masons and contractors. PADF, UNOPS and many other NGOs.

MTPTC Repair Guideline

Repair Engineering Assessment On site engineering review of structures. Haitian engineers are being trained to conduct repair assessment. Identification of repair methods (11 patterns). Measurement of repair quantities. Post-processing data to quantify material and repair costs.

Training of Engineering Trainers

Construction Management Implement the repairs through small Haitian contractors. Massive logistic operation. Quality Control program: Data base monitoring tool implemented. National engineers for quality control. MTPTC quality control.

Masons and Contractors Training 1000 masons trained per international standard. 12 local contractors. Trained masons and engineers trained over 500 masons in the field.

Delmas 32 Community Repair Plan

Repairs of Yellow Tagged Buildings

Current State of Construction Over 2000 houses repaired. 200 houses per week by 11 contractors (500 masons). USAID, Red Cross funding.

Port-au-Prince: 3 Zones

Simmond Pelle

Carrefour Feuille

Delmas 32

Conclusions 43% of IDP camp population can be reduced by yellow house repair program. $200 million, 18 to 24 months duration. Next step: Red house strategy, $700 million. Create a long term economical growth and capacity building: Opportunity for Haiti.

Jacmel School Public School Largest in HaitiNew Campus of 9 BuildingsReinforced Concrete Masonry

Training Haitian Masons New TechniquesBill Schraner from San Diego came to Haiti to assist Spent a month in Jacmel and Port-au-Prince, Haiti teaching reinforced concrete masonry. 2-cell blocks made in Port-au-Prince for project 4500 per week 3 shipments a week. Work from 7am to 11pm 2 shifts Different crews in each building. Haitian crews competition for continued work cultural issues.

Training Haitian Masons New Techniques Used Dominican Masons for interpreter for Spanish to French or Haitian Creole. Installation of reinforced concrete foundations with dowels to masonry. Installation of Mortar at Head and Bed Joints Installation of reinforcement Joint ladder type OR horizontal reinforcement Vertical Reinforcement Grouting masonry cells Pre-moisten masonry and other porous surfaces

Final ConstructionLargest school in Haiti for 900 students

Incredible Experience. More coming

Worked in Haiti on disaster relief teaching structural engineering for earthquake design and also masonry construction Haitians are resilient people.

Make the world a better place.