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©2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 3Encumbrances, Liens, and
Homesteads
California Real Estate Principles
©2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 3
1. Define encumbrance, lien, easement, and encroachment
2. Explain the difference between private deed restrictions and public restrictions
3. Describe the key characteristics of mechanic’s liens, tax liens, and judgment liens
4. Discuss the details of the California homestead law
©2011 Cengage Learning
Encumbrance = BURDEN ON TITLEPHYSICAL = Non-money encumbrances LIENS = Money encumbrancesMonetary and various liens
VoluntaryInvoluntarySpecific General
©2011 Cengage Learning
EASEMENT The limited right to enter and use all or a
portion of the land of another- not a trespasser- no rent paid for the use
Two classes of easements:1. Easement APPURTENANT
Dominant tenement Servient tenement
2. Easement IN GROSS Utility company
©2011 Cengage Learning
EASEMENT
©2011 Cengage Learning
Creating an Easement
1. Deed : May Grant or Reserve
2. Necessity / Implication
3. Dedication - Recorded Plat Map
4. Condemnation
5. Prescription- Estoppel- Encroachment
©2011 Cengage Learning
Terminating an Easement
a. Express release by deed
b. Abandonment
c. Destruction of servient tenement
d. Expiration
e. Merger
f. Lack of use for 5 years (Prescriptive easement only)
©2011 Cengage Learning
Easement by Prescription1. Actual, open and notorious
use
2. Continuous use (5 years, uninterrupted)
3. Hostile (without permission of owner)
4. Claim of right or
color of title
5. No need to pay property taxes
©2011 Cengage Learning
EncroachmentThe wrongful extension (trespass) of a
structure or any improvement (partially or wholly) onto the property of another.
A B
Encroachment B’s garage or shed
*Not covered by standard CLTA title insurance policy.
**May become prescriptive easement or adverse possession
Statute of Limitations is three years ©2011 Cengage Learning
Encroachment
Non Money Encumbrances
Pool Property line
Encroachment
No statute of limitation©2011 Cengage Learning
RESTRICTIONS
1. Private Covenants: (C C & R’s)
Condition: A limitation on ownership
Restriction: Discrimination is unenforceable
2. Public RestrictionsZoning OrdinancesBuilding codesSafety codesHealth codes
Covenant = A PROMISE
©2011 Cengage Learning
$ LIEN $1. Deed of Trust - Trust Deed
2. Mechanic’s Lien
3. Tax Lien
4. Assessment Water District Bond Sidewalks Street Lights Curbs & Gutters
5. Judgment Lien©2011 Cengage Learning
Filing a Mechanic’s LienPriority determined by date of work
commencementPreliminary Notice:
States workers right to file a lien20 Days after work starts
Work considered complete:
1. Owner occupies the property
2. Owner accepts the work as completed Work stops
3. Work stops for continuous 60 days
©2011 Cengage Learning
Statutory Time Periods:
a)a) Notice ofNotice of CompletionCompletion filedOriginal Contractor: 60 Days after filing
All Others: 30 Days after filing
b)NO Notice of Completion filed:Notice of Completion filed:Everyone: 90 Days after Completion
c) Once Mechanic’s Lien is filedMust execute in 90 Days after filing
©2011 Cengage Learning
MECHANIC’S LIENDays (in number order)
DAYS
10 Notice of Non Responsibility (Tenant orders work)
20 Preliminary notice
30 Subcontractors and others
60 General contractor
90 All
90 Statute of Limitations
©2011 Cengage Learning
JUDGMENT LIENCreated by a Court of Law
The judgment process:Writ of Attachment
o Court ordered to seize the propertyJudgment
o Court’s decisionFile an Abstract of Judgment
o Lien created for 10 yearso Recording establishes a General Lien
Writ of Executiono Sale of the property ordered
©2011 Cengage Learning
Major Types of Tax Liens
Unpaid Real Property Taxes
Unpaid Federal Income Taxes
Unpaid State Inheritance Taxes
Unpaid Gift Taxes
©2011 Cengage Learning
Declaration of Homestead
Recorded Document Designed to protect homeowner’s equity Filed showing “Head of Household” Declare claimant is residing on property
(Home, boat, motor home, mobile home on a lot)
Description of property Owner-Occupied residence Only ONE homestead at a time
©2011 Cengage Learning
HOMESTEAD PROTECTIONSingle person $75,000
Head of Household $100,000
Senior (age 65 + ) $175,000
Elder (age 55) with low income $175,000
As of January 2010
©2011 Cengage Learning
Proceeds from forced sale go to:
1. Discharge prior liens
2. Exemption to homestead claimant
3. Satisfaction of the judgment
4. Balance to claimant
©2011 Cengage Learning
Termination of a homestead
Sell the home
File a Notice of Abandonment
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 3
1. A property tax bill is an example of:a. A voluntary lienb. A general lienc. An involuntary liend. Two of the above are correct
2. An easement with only a servient tenement:
a. Easement in gross
b. Easement appurtenant
c. Easement egress
d. Easement for encumbrances©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 3
3. If an owner files a proper Notice of Completion in the County Recorder’s office, unpaid subcontractors have how many days to file a lien?
a. 30 daysb. 60 daysc. 90 daysd. 180 days
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 34. All of the following are true, except:
a. A violation of a condition in a deed may cause loss of title
b. A suit for removal of an encroaching fence must be brought within 10 years from the date of the encroachment
c. Easements can be eliminated when the dominant tenement deeds to the servient tenement
d. To be valid, a Notice of Completion must be recorded within 10 days after the completion of construction
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 3
5. For a single person, under 65 years and not of low income, the homestead exemption is:
a. $25,000b. $75,000c. $100,000d. $175,000
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 36. Once a valid homestead is recorded, which of the
following terminates the homestead?a. Renting the propertyb. Death of one spousec. Selling the homed. Two of the above will terminate the homestead
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 3
7. An easement 15 feet wide and 160 feet long is approximately what percent of an acre?
a. 20%b. 15%c. 10%d. 5%
8. Which of the following two terms do not go together?a. Covenant – conditionb. Encroachment – lienc. Grantor – granteed. Abstract of judgment – writ of execution
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 3
9. Which of the following best describes the requirement to acquire title by adverse possession?
a. Hostile, continuous use, pay mortgage, open and notorious
b. Color of title, continuous use, pay property taxes, hostile
c. Permission, color of title, pay property taxes, open and notorious
d. Claim of right, hostile, secret use, pay mortgage and property tax
©2011 Cengage Learning
Review Quiz Chapter 310. A judgment is considered to be what type of lien?
a. Constructiveb. Voluntaryc. Generald. specific
©2011 Cengage Learning
Answers to Chapter 3 Review Quiz
1. C 6. C
2. A 7. D
3. A 8. B
4. B 9. B
5. B 10. C
©2011 Cengage Learning