1

DeweyBurdPubEm Resource

From: Burrows, RonaldSent: Tuesday, August 24, 2010 5:13 PMTo: Burrows, RonaldSubject: Emailing: REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.pptAttachments: REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt

The message is ready to be sent with the following file or link attachments: REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt Note: To protect against computer viruses, e-mail programs may prevent sending or receiving certain types of file attachments. Check your e-mail security settings to determine how attachments are handled.

Hearing Identifier: Powertech_Uranium_Dewey_Burdock_LA_Public Email Number: 62 Mail Envelope Properties (44CD2E65B0FF0E499CB32BC30CF781F0108E913BF6) Subject: Emailing: REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt Sent Date: 8/24/2010 5:13:24 PM Received Date: 8/24/2010 5:14:24 PM From: Burrows, Ronald Created By: Ronald.Burrows@nrc.gov Recipients: "Burrows, Ronald" <Ronald.Burrows@nrc.gov> Tracking Status: None Post Office: HQCLSTR01.nrc.gov Files Size Date & Time MESSAGE 346 8/24/2010 5:14:24 PM REACT.TS Internal Contam presentation see UO4.ppt 683630 Options Priority: Standard Return Notification: No Reply Requested: No Sensitivity: Normal Expiration Date: Recipients Received:

atment for Interatment for Interwithwith RadRadwith with RadRad

Doran ChrisDoran ChrisDoran ChrisDoran ChrisAssociate DireAssociate Dire

rnal Contaminarnal Contaminadionuclidesdionuclidesdionuclidesdionuclides

stensen DOstensen DOstensen, DOstensen, DOector, REAC/TSector, REAC/TS

ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

Understand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleKnow Action Levels fKnow Action Levels fK Fi M t CK Fi M t C

Understand PrincipleUnderstand PrincipleKnow Action Levels fKnow Action Levels fK Fi M t CK Fi M t CKnow Five Most ComKnow Five Most ComInternal ContaminatioInternal ContaminatioKnow Five Most ComKnow Five Most ComInternal ContaminatioInternal Contaminatio

es of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationes of Incorporationfor Treatmentfor Treatment

T fT f

es of Incorporationes of Incorporationfor Treatmentfor Treatment

T fT fmmon Types of mmon Types of onon

mmon Types of mmon Types of onon

4 Golden Rules4 Golden Rules(Adapted from Kent Ols

4 Golden Rules4 Golden Rules

Treat the Patient befTreat the Patient befTreat the Patient befTreat the Patient befPrevent or Reduce EPrevent or Reduce EEnhance the EliminaEnhance the EliminaPrevent or Reduce EPrevent or Reduce EEnhance the EliminaEnhance the EliminaConsider Specific AConsider Specific AConsider Specific AConsider Specific A

s of Toxicologys of Toxicologyson, MD FACEP)

s of Toxicologys of Toxicology

fore the Poisonfore the Poisonfore the Poisonfore the PoisonExposureExposureation of the Agentation of the AgentExposureExposureation of the Agentation of the Agentgg

AdjunctsAdjunctsgg

AdjunctsAdjuncts

Annual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual LimitAnnual Limit Annual Limit Annual Limit Annual Limit

The derived limit for thThe derived limit for thThe derived limit for thThe derived limit for thmaterial taken into thmaterial taken into thworker by inhalation worker by inhalation ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller val

material taken into thmaterial taken into thworker by inhalation worker by inhalation ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valradionuclide in a yearadionuclide in a yeathat would result in athat would result in a

ALI is the smaller valALI is the smaller valradionuclide in a yearadionuclide in a yeathat would result in athat would result in adose equivalent of 5 dose equivalent of 5 committed dose equicommitted dose equisievert) to any individsievert) to any individ

dose equivalent of 5 dose equivalent of 5 committed dose equicommitted dose equisievert) to any individsievert) to any individsievert) to any individsievert) to any individ(see (see 10 CFR 20.100310 CFR 20.1003.).)sievert) to any individsievert) to any individ(see (see 10 CFR 20.100310 CFR 20.1003.).)

of Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intakeof Intake

he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he amount of radioactive he body of an adult he body of an adult or ingestion in a year. or ingestion in a year. ue of intake of a givenue of intake of a given

he body of an adult he body of an adult or ingestion in a year. or ingestion in a year. ue of intake of a givenue of intake of a givenue of intake of a given ue of intake of a given r by the reference man r by the reference man

a committed effective a committed effective

ue of intake of a given ue of intake of a given r by the reference man r by the reference man

a committed effective a committed effective rems(0.05 sievert) or a rems(0.05 sievert) or a valent of 50 rems (0.5 valent of 50 rems (0.5

dual organ or tissuedual organ or tissue

rems(0.05 sievert) or a rems(0.05 sievert) or a valent of 50 rems (0.5 valent of 50 rems (0.5

dual organ or tissuedual organ or tissuedual organ or tissue. dual organ or tissue. ) ) dual organ or tissue. dual organ or tissue. ) )

Radiation AccRadiation AccPose ToxicoloPose ToxicoloProblemsProblems

Radiation AccRadiation AccPose ToxicoloPose ToxicoloProblemsProblemsProblemsProblemsProblemsProblems

The Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesThe Dose makesAcute (ThresholAcute (ThresholThe Dose makesThe Dose makesAcute (ThresholAcute (ThresholLongLong--Term ToxiTerm ToxiALI / MPBBALI / MPBBLongLong--Term ToxiTerm ToxiALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBBALI / MPBB

< 1 ALI < 1 ALI -- No TreNo Tre1 1 -- 10 ALI 10 ALI -- ConsiConsi

> 10 ALI> 10 ALI TreatmTreatm

< 1 ALI < 1 ALI -- No TreNo Tre1 1 -- 10 ALI 10 ALI -- ConsiConsi

> 10 ALI> 10 ALI TreatmTreatm> 10 ALI > 10 ALI -- TreatmTreatm> 10 ALI > 10 ALI -- TreatmTreatm11Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, NoRadiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No

cidents can cidents can ogy ogy cidents can cidents can

ogy ogy

s the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisons the Poisond Effects)d Effects)

s the Poisons the Poisond Effects)d Effects)citycitycitycity

1

eatment Necessaryeatment Necessaryider Shortider Short--Term TxTerm Txmentment

eatment Necessaryeatment Necessaryider Shortider Short--Term TxTerm Txmentmentmentmentmentment

o 1, 1992, p. 25o 1, 1992, p. 25

Sample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIsSample ALIs

RadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI--IIRadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI--IIRadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI II

33HH

RadioisotopeRadioisotope ALIALI II

33HH1414CC3232PP3333PP

1414CC3232PP3333PP3333PP3535SS125125II

3333PP3535SS125125II125125II125125II

Source – Princeton University, Source – Princeton University,

IngestionIngestion ALIALI--InhalationInhalationIngestionIngestion ALIALI--InhalationInhalationIngestionIngestion ALIALI InhalationInhalation(mCi)(mCi) (mCi)(mCi)8080 8080

IngestionIngestion ALIALI InhalationInhalation(mCi)(mCi) (mCi)(mCi)8080 808022 220.60.6 0.60.666 88

22 220.60.6 0.60.666 8866 881010 20200 040 04 0 060 06

66 881010 20200 040 04 0 060 060.040.04 0.060.060.040.04 0.060.06

Environmental Health & SafetyEnvironmental Health & Safety

PsychologicaPsychologicaInternal ContInternal ContPsychologicaPsychologicaInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal ContInternal Cont

Radiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation ExposureRadiation Exposure Radiation Exposure Long after AccidentLong after AccidentEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose a

Radiation Exposure Radiation Exposure Long after AccidentLong after AccidentEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose adistressingly Variabdistressingly VariabEstimates of Dose aEstimates of Dose adistressingly Variabdistressingly Variab

al Aspects of al Aspects of taminationtamination

al Aspects of al Aspects of taminationtaminationtaminationtaminationtaminationtamination

Sometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes ContinuesSometimes Continues Sometimes Continues

nd Effects arend Effects are

Sometimes Continues Sometimes Continues

nd Effects arend Effects arend Effects are nd Effects are le even among Expertsle even among Expertsnd Effects are nd Effects are le even among Expertsle even among Experts

RadionuclideRadionuclideHazardous MaHazardous MaRadionuclideRadionuclideHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous MaHazardous Ma

E il D t t blE il D t t blE il D t t blE il D t t blEasily DetectableEasily DetectableUse Health Physicist Use Health Physicist H i i tH i i t

Easily DetectableEasily DetectableUse Health Physicist Use Health Physicist H i i tH i i tHygienistHygienistDoes not Require SpeDoes not Require SpeHygienistHygienistDoes not Require SpeDoes not Require SpeCare ProvidersCare ProvidersNot an Immediate LifeNot an Immediate LifeCare ProvidersCare ProvidersNot an Immediate LifeNot an Immediate LifeCan Wait until PatienCan Wait until PatienDecontaminationDecontaminationCan Wait until PatienCan Wait until PatienDecontaminationDecontamination

s vs. Other s vs. Other aterialsaterialss vs. Other s vs. Other aterialsaterialsaterialsaterialsaterialsaterials

Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial Instead of Industrial

ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health ecial Clothing for Health

ee--Threatening HazardThreatening Hazardee--Threatening HazardThreatening Hazardggt is Stable before t is Stable before

ggt is Stable before t is Stable before

Use Your MediUse Your MediUse Your MediUse Your MediPhysicistPhysicist

Document Presence oDocument Presence oActivity, Accident DeActivity, Accident DeDocument Presence oDocument Presence oActivity, Accident DeActivity, Accident DeCollect Samples DocCollect Samples DocAssist in DecontaminAssist in DecontaminCollect Samples DocCollect Samples DocAssist in DecontaminAssist in DecontaminCalculate/Document Calculate/Document Dispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivCalculate/Document Calculate/Document Dispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of RadioactivDispose of Radioactiv

ical or Healthical or Healthical or Health ical or Health

of Radionuclides, of Radionuclides, tailstailsof Radionuclides, of Radionuclides, tailstailsumenting Contaminationumenting Contamination

nation Proceduresnation Proceduresumenting Contaminationumenting Contamination

nation Proceduresnation ProceduresDose CalculationsDose Calculationsve Wasteve WasteDose CalculationsDose Calculationsve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Wasteve Waste

Bioassay is of Bioassay is of ValueValueBioassay is of Bioassay is of ValueValueValueValueValueValue

Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Must Have Total CollMust Have Total Coll

d Fd F

Slow (Days)Slow (Days)Must Have Total CollMust Have Total Coll

d Fd Fand Fecesand FecesCan Overestimate UpCan Overestimate Upand Fecesand FecesCan Overestimate UpCan Overestimate UpSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get CSpecimen May Get C

Limited Limited Limited Limited

lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine lection of Both Urine

ptake by Factor of 3 ptake by Factor of 3 --55ptake by Factor of 3 ptake by Factor of 3 --55ContaminatedContaminatedContaminatedContaminated

Whole Body CoWhole Body CoDifficult withDifficult withWhole Body CoWhole Body CoDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult withDifficult with

Residual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin ContamResidual Skin Contam

Calibration of PhantoCalibration of Phanto

Residual Skin ContamResidual Skin Contam

Calibration of PhantoCalibration of Phanto

Lung Distribution VaLung Distribution VaLung Distribution VaLung Distribution Va

Variable Thickness oVariable Thickness oVariable Thickness oVariable Thickness o

ounting ounting h Actinidesh Actinidesounting ounting

h Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinidesh Actinides

minationminationminationminationminationmination

oms Deficientoms Deficient

minationmination

oms Deficientoms Deficient

ries with Timeries with Timeries with Timeries with Time

of Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wallof Sternum / Chest Wall

Toxicologic PrToxicologic PrData)Data)Toxicologic PrToxicologic PrData)Data)Data)Data)Data)Data)

DetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsDetails Details Radionuclides InvRadionuclides InvL b t LiL b t Li

Details Details Radionuclides InvRadionuclides InvL b t LiL b t LiLaboratory LicensLaboratory LicensMaximum CredibleMaximum CredibleLaboratory LicensLaboratory LicensMaximum CredibleMaximum CredibleGeometry, DistancGeometry, Distanc

Potential for ExpoPotential for ExpoGeometry, DistancGeometry, Distanc

Potential for ExpoPotential for ExpoppPoison Control AnPoison Control An

ppPoison Control AnPoison Control An

roblem:roblem: (Gather (Gather roblem:roblem: (Gather (Gather

volvedvolvedvolvedvolvedeee Exposuree Exposureeee Exposuree Exposureces, Timesces, Timessuresureces, Timesces, Timessuresurenalogynalogynalogynalogy

Hospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital ResoHospital Reso

Radiologist or NucleRadiologist or Nucle

Medical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph

Radiologist or NucleRadiologist or Nucle

Medical or Health PhMedical or Health PhMedical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph

Radiation Safety OffRadiation Safety Off

Medical or Health PhMedical or Health Ph

Radiation Safety OffRadiation Safety Offyy

Nuclear Medicine DeNuclear Medicine De

yy

Nuclear Medicine DeNuclear Medicine De

Nuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine GaNuclear Medicine Ga

ourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesources

ear Medicine Physicianear Medicine Physician

hysicisthysicist

ear Medicine Physicianear Medicine Physician

hysicisthysicisthysicisthysicist

ficer ( RSO )ficer ( RSO )

hysicisthysicist

ficer ( RSO )ficer ( RSO )( )( )

econtamination Areaecontamination Area

( )( )

econtamination Areaecontamination Area

amma Cameraamma Cameraamma Cameraamma Camera

Hospital NM GaHospital NM GaFor Selected IntFor Selected IntContaminationContamination

Hospital NM GaHospital NM GaFor Selected IntFor Selected IntContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContamination

Radionuclide WBC (MDA in air) GammaRadionuclide WBC (MDA in air) Gamma

125I 030-2.6201Tl 0.20 0.51-0.699mTc 0.09 0.37-0.3111In 0.12 0.40-0.5133Ba 0 11 0 71 0 8

125I 030-2.6201Tl 0.20 0.51-0.699mTc 0.09 0.37-0.3111In 0.12 0.40-0.5133Ba 0 11 0 71 0 8133Ba 0.11 0.71-0.8131I 0.12 0.56-1.085Sr 0.11 0.68-0.9137Cs 0.13 1.04-2.254Mn 0.10 1.06-1.8

133Ba 0.11 0.71-0.8131I 0.12 0.56-1.085Sr 0.11 0.68-0.9137Cs 0.13 1.04-2.254Mn 0.10 1.06-1.860Co 0.10 1.27i-1.60Co 0.10 1.27i-1.

amma Cameraamma Cameraternal ternal nn

amma Cameraamma Cameraternal ternal nnnnnn

a Camera (MDA in air) G-M Survey CounterScatter Media (MDA in air)

a Camera (MDA in air) G-M Survey CounterScatter Media (MDA in air)( )

62 3.68-29.90 9069 2.40-3.48 18839 1.15-1.53 14456 1.36-1.64 16589 1 88 2 50 20

( )62 3.68-29.90 9069 2.40-3.48 18839 1.15-1.53 14456 1.36-1.64 16589 1 88 2 50 2089 1.88-2.50 2009 1.51-2.71 5999 1.85-3.22 9026 2.47-4.03 5984 2.70-4.24 38

89 1.88-2.50 2009 1.51-2.71 5999 1.85-3.22 9026 2.47-4.03 5984 2.70-4.24 3848 2.11-3.15 1448 2.11-3.15 14

External ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal ResoExternal Reso

State Radiological HeState Radiological He

Radiation EmergencyRadiation Emergency

State Radiological HeState Radiological He

Radiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyTraining Site (REAC /Training Site (REAC /Radiation EmergencyRadiation EmergencyTraining Site (REAC /Training Site (REAC /

CHEMTREC (for HazMCHEMTREC (for HazM800 / 424800 / 424--93009300CHEMTREC (for HazMCHEMTREC (for HazM800 / 424800 / 424--93009300

ourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesourcesources

ealth Departmentealth Department

y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center /

ealth Departmentealth Department

y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center /y Assistance Center / y Assistance Center / / TS) / TS) -- 865 / 576865 / 576--10051005y Assistance Center / y Assistance Center / / TS) / TS) -- 865 / 576865 / 576--10051005

Mat components only) Mat components only) Mat components only) Mat components only)

Other ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaOther ExternaAgency for Toxic SubAgency for Toxic SubR i t (ATSDR) 24R i t (ATSDR) 24Agency for Toxic SubAgency for Toxic SubR i t (ATSDR) 24R i t (ATSDR) 24Registry (ATSDR) 24 Registry (ATSDR) 24 404 / 639404 / 639--0615 (No An0615 (No AnRegistry (ATSDR) 24 Registry (ATSDR) 24 404 / 639404 / 639--0615 (No An0615 (No An

Dept Of Energy (DOEDept Of Energy (DOEOperations Center Operations Center Dept Of Energy (DOEDept Of Energy (DOEOperations Center Operations Center 24 Hour Line 202 / 5824 Hour Line 202 / 58

Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C

24 Hour Line 202 / 5824 Hour Line 202 / 58

Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C24 Hour Line 301 / 8124 Hour Line 301 / 81

301 / 95301 / 95

Nuclear Regulatory CNuclear Regulatory C24 Hour Line 301 / 8124 Hour Line 301 / 81

301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95301 / 95

al Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesal Resourcesbstances Disease bstances Disease H LiH Li

bstances Disease bstances Disease H LiH LiHour Line Hour Line

nswer)nswer)Hour Line Hour Line

nswer)nswer)

E) Emergency E) Emergency

E) Emergency E) Emergency 66--81008100

Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC)

66--81008100

Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC)Commission (NRC) Commission (NRC) 66--5100 5100 11--05500550

Commission (NRC) Commission (NRC) 66--5100 5100 11--0550055011 0550055011 05500550

Internal ContInternal ContRamificationsRamificationsInternal ContInternal ContRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamificationsRamifications

Isolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During TherapyIsolation During Therapy

FollowFollow--up for Possibly Lup for Possibly L

Isolation During TherapyIsolation During Therapy

FollowFollow--up for Possibly Lup for Possibly L

Counseling for CarcinogCounseling for CarcinogExposureExposureCounseling for CarcinogCounseling for CarcinogExposureExposure

tamination tamination sstamination tamination ssssss

y?y?y?y?y?y?

Long Periods Long Periods

y?y?

Long Periods Long Periods

genic Implications of genic Implications of genic Implications of genic Implications of

Internal ContInternal ContInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInternal ContInternal ContInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 StaInvolves 4 Sta

DepositionDeposition Along RoAlong RoTranslocationTranslocationDepositionDeposition Along RoAlong RoTranslocationTranslocationa s ocat oa s ocat oIncorporation Incorporation (Depos(Depos

a s ocat oa s ocat oIncorporation Incorporation (Depos(DeposClearanceClearanceClearanceClearance

tamination tamination --agesagestamination tamination --

agesagesagesagesagesages

oute of Entryoute of Entryoute of Entryoute of Entry

sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ) sition in the Target Organ)

Preventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing InPreventing In

I t ti B fI t ti B fI t ti B fI t ti B fInterception BeforeInterception BeforeReaches Target OrgReaches Target OrgInterception BeforeInterception BeforeReaches Target OrgReaches Target OrgDecrease Body UptDecrease Body Upt

Vomit / LavageVomit / LavageDecrease Body UptDecrease Body Upt

Vomit / LavageVomit / LavageCharcoal / CatharsisCharcoal / CatharsisOther MethodsOther MethodsCharcoal / CatharsisCharcoal / CatharsisOther MethodsOther Methods

ncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporationncorporation

R di lidR di lidR di lidR di lide Radionuclide e Radionuclide gansgans

e Radionuclide e Radionuclide gansganstaketaketaketake

ssss

ConsiderationConsiderationfor Internal Cfor Internal CConsiderationConsiderationfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal Cfor Internal C

Chemical Toxicity Chemical Toxicity Solubility (D,W,Y)Solubility (D,W,Y)Chemical Toxicity Chemical Toxicity Solubility (D,W,Y)Solubility (D,W,Y)y ( , , )y ( , , )Particle SizeParticle SizeQuantityQuantity

y ( , , )y ( , , )Particle SizeParticle SizeQuantityQuantityQuantityQuantityHalfHalf--life of Radionlife of RadionQuantityQuantityHalfHalf--life of Radionlife of Radion

PhysicalPhysical BB

EffectiveEffective

PhysicalPhysical BB

EffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffective

ns in Treatment ns in Treatment ContaminationContaminationns in Treatment ns in Treatment ContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContaminationContamination

of Substanceof Substanceof Substanceof Substance

uclide:uclide:uclide:uclide:BiologicalBiologicalBiologicalBiological

Respiratory TRespiratory TClearance TimClearance TimRespiratory TRespiratory TClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance TimClearance Tim

SegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentSegmentAnterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynx

SegmentSegmentAnterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynxNasopharynxNasopharynxTracheaTracheaB hiB hi

NasopharynxNasopharynxTracheaTracheaB hiB hiBronchiBronchiBronchiolesBronchiolesT i l B hi lT i l B hi l

BronchiBronchiBronchiolesBronchiolesT i l B hi lT i l B hi lTerminal BronchioleTerminal BronchioleAlveoliAlveoliTerminal BronchioleTerminal BronchioleAlveoliAlveoli

11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)

ract ract meme

ract ract memememememe

Time (hours)Time (hours)Time (hours)Time (hours)1

Time (hours)Time (hours)1.01.00 1 (10 mm/min)0 1 (10 mm/min)

Time (hours)Time (hours)1.01.00 1 (10 mm/min)0 1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.10.11 01 0

0.1 (10 mm/min)0.1 (10 mm/min)0.10.11 01 01.01.04.04.010 010 0

1.01.04.04.010 010 0eses 10.010.0100+ days100+ days

eses 10.010.0100+ days100+ days

Particle Size aParticle Size aFractionFractionParticle Size aParticle Size aFractionFractionFractionFractionFractionFraction

and Deposition and Deposition and Deposition and Deposition

NasopharynxNasopharynxTimeTimeNasopharynxNasopharynxTimeTimeTimeTimeTimeTime

AnatomyAnatomy CleaClea

Anterior nareAnterior nareNasopharynxNasopharynx

11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)

x Clearance x Clearance x Clearance x Clearance

1

arance Time (min) arance Time (min)

606010 (10 mm/min) 10 (10 mm/min)

GastrointestiGastrointestiResidence TimeResidence TimeGastrointestiGastrointestiResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence TimeResidence Time

PortionPortion ResideReside

StomachStomachSmall IntestineSmall IntestineUpper ColonUpper ColonppppLower Colon Lower Colon

11ICRP #30 Model (1979)ICRP #30 Model (1979)(Assumes Stable Substances)(Assumes Stable Substances)

nal Tract nal Tract esesnal Tract nal Tract

eseseseseses1

ence Time (hours)ence Time (hours)

6 / 246 / 2414 / 2414 / 2418 / 2418 / 2424 / 2424 / 24

SchematiSchematiRadionucRadionuc

(After(After

SchematiSchematiRadionucRadionuc

(After(After(After(After(After(AfterIngestionIngestionIngestionIngestionIntake:Intake:Intake:Intake:

GIGIGIGI

Lung ClearanceLung Clearance

LymphLymphN dN dLymphLymphN dN d

GIGITractTract

GIGITractTract

NodesNodesNodesNodesUptake:Uptake:Uptake:Uptake:

FecesFecesFecesFecesExcretion:Excretion:Excretion:Excretion:

c Model of c Model of lide Uptakelide Uptake

r Voelz)r Voelz)

c Model of c Model of lide Uptakelide Uptake

r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)r Voelz)InhalationInhalationInhalationInhalation SurfaceSurfaceSurfaceSurface

LungLungLungLung SkinSkin1. Intact1. IntactSkinSkin1. Intact1. Intact1. Intact1. Intact2. Wounds2. Wounds1. Intact1. Intact2. Wounds2. Wounds

BloodBloodBloodBlood (Recycle)(Recycle)(Recycle)(Recycle)

KidneyKidneyKidneyKidney Deposition SitesDeposition SitesDeposition SitesDeposition Sites1 Whole Body1 Whole Body1 Whole Body1 Whole Body

UrineUrineUrineUrine1. Whole Body1. Whole Body

2. Bone2. Bone3. Liver3. Liver

4. Thyroid4. Thyroid

1. Whole Body1. Whole Body2. Bone2. Bone3. Liver3. Liver

4. Thyroid4. Thyroid

Treatment ofTreatment of

TIMETIME Withi 3 hWithi 3 hTIMETIME Withi 3 hWithi 3 h

Treatment of Treatment of

TIME:TIME: Within 3 hWithin 3 h

BENEFIT:BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 Re

TIME:TIME: Within 3 hWithin 3 h

BENEFIT:BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReBENEFIT: BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReRISKS: RISKS: Minimal, Minimal,

Some DruSome Dru

BENEFIT: BENEFIT: 2 to 10 Re2 to 10 ReRISKS: RISKS: Minimal, Minimal,

Some DruSome DruSome DruSome DruDECISION:DECISION: Go to PotGo to Pot

Not DoseNot Dose

Some DruSome DruDECISION:DECISION: Go to PotGo to Pot

Not DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot DoseNot Dose

Internal EmitteInternal Emitte

h if P iblh if P iblh if P iblh if P ibl

Internal EmitteInternal Emitte

hrs, if Possiblehrs, if Possible

eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Dose

hrs, if Possiblehrs, if Possible

eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseexcept for Lung Lavage /except for Lung Lavage /ugsugs

eduction of Organ Doseeduction of Organ Doseexcept for Lung Lavage /except for Lung Lavage /ugsugsugsugstential Exposure History, tential Exposure History,

ee

ugsugstential Exposure History, tential Exposure History,

eeeeee

Physiologic PPhysiologic Pin Radionucliin Radionucli

GI T t R l / EGI T t R l / EGI T t R l / EGI T t R l / E

in Radionucliin RadionucliDecorporatioDecorporatio

GI Tract Removal / EnGI Tract Removal / EnDilution of IsotopeDilution of IsotopeGI Tract Removal / EnGI Tract Removal / EnDilution of IsotopeDilution of IsotopeDisplacementDisplacementBlockingBlockingDisplacementDisplacementBlockingBlockingBlockingBlockingAlkalinizationAlkalinizationChelationChelation

BlockingBlockingAlkalinizationAlkalinizationChelationChelationChelationChelationChelationChelation

rinciples Used rinciples Used ideide

h d Eli i tih d Eli i tih d Eli i tih d Eli i ti

ide ide ononnhanced Eliminationnhanced Eliminationnhanced Eliminationnhanced Elimination

Reduction of AReduction of Afrom Gastroinfrom GastroinTractTract

Reduction of AReduction of Afrom Gastroinfrom GastroinTractTractTractTractTractTract

A t idA t idA t idA t idAntacidAntacid

Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into So

AntacidAntacid

Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into SoPrecipitation into SoPrecipitation into So

CatharsisCatharsis

Precipitation into SoPrecipitation into So

CatharsisCatharsis

Absorption Absorption ntestinal ntestinal Absorption Absorption ntestinal ntestinal

luble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Saltluble Salt

Iodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / TechnIodine / Techn131131II -- Eff Half Life = 7.6Eff Half Life = 7.6131131II -- Eff Half Life = 7.6Eff Half Life = 7.699m99mTcTc -- Eff Half Life = Eff Half Life = Treat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 Hours

99m99mTcTc -- Eff Half Life = Eff Half Life = Treat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 HoursTreat within 4 Hours Treat within 4 Hours ( Best 1 Hour Before E( Best 1 Hour Before EKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg table

Treat within 4 Hours Treat within 4 Hours ( Best 1 Hour Before E( Best 1 Hour Before EKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableSSKI (1 g / ml) SSKI (1 g / ml) -- 5 5 -- 6 d6 dKI or NaI 300 mg tableKI or NaI 300 mg tableSSKI (1 g / ml) SSKI (1 g / ml) -- 5 5 -- 6 d6 dPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine TheoPovidone Iodine Theo

NCRP Report No 65, p 83-86, 104NCRP Report No 65, p 83-86, 104

netiumnetium -- BlockBlocknetiumnetium -- BlockBlocknetium netium BlockBlocknetium netium BlockBlock

6 days 6 days 6 days 6 days yy1 day*1 day*

yy1 day*1 day* Exposure! )Exposure! )etet

Exposure! )Exposure! )etetetetdrops in waterdrops in wateretetdrops in waterdrops in wateroretically Usefuloretically Usefuloretically Usefuloretically Useful

TritiumTritium -- DilutDilutTritiumTritium -- DilutDilutTritium Tritium DilutDilutTritium Tritium DilutDilut

Beta Emitter Beta Emitter 2% Binds to Cellular C2% Binds to Cellular CBeta Emitter Beta Emitter 2% Binds to Cellular C2% Binds to Cellular CEssentially Occupies Essentially Occupies Force Fluids 3Force Fluids 3 4 L / d4 L / dEssentially Occupies Essentially Occupies Force Fluids 3Force Fluids 3 4 L / d4 L / dForce Fluids 3 Force Fluids 3 -- 4 L / d4 L / d

Reduces HalfReduces Half--Time by Time by Force Fluids 3 Force Fluids 3 -- 4 L / d4 L / d

Reduces HalfReduces Half--Time by Time by

NCRP Report No 65, p 105NCRP Report No 65, p 105--106106NCRP Report No 65, p 105NCRP Report No 65, p 105--106106

tetetetetetetete

ComponentsComponentsComponentsComponentsppTBW SpaceTBW Space

dayday

ppTBW SpaceTBW Space

daydaydayday1/3 1/3 -- 1/2 1/2

dayday1/3 1/3 -- 1/2 1/2

Beer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer TherapyBeer Therapy Beer Therapy Beer Therapy Beer Therapy for Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritiumfor Tritium

Chelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation AgeChelation Age

DTPADTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (noDTPADTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (noDTPA DTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (no

EDTA EDTA -- Lead (and othersLead (and others

DTPA DTPA -- Transuranics (noTransuranics (no

EDTA EDTA -- Lead (and othersLead (and others

BAL BAL -- Lead, Polonium, GLead, Polonium, G

DFOADFOA -- Iron ManganeseIron Manganese

BAL BAL -- Lead, Polonium, GLead, Polonium, G

DFOADFOA -- Iron ManganeseIron ManganeseDFOA DFOA Iron, ManganeseIron, Manganese

PCA PCA -- Copper, Lead, MeCopper, Lead, Me

DFOA DFOA Iron, ManganeseIron, Manganese

PCA PCA -- Copper, Lead, MeCopper, Lead, Me

DMPS DMPS -- Mercury (not in Mercury (not in

DMSADMSA -- Lead (and OtherLead (and Other

DMPS DMPS -- Mercury (not in Mercury (not in

DMSADMSA -- Lead (and OtherLead (and OtherDMSA DMSA Lead (and OtherLead (and OtherDMSA DMSA Lead (and OtherLead (and Other

entsentsentsentsentsentsentsents

ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)ot Uranium)

s)s)

ot Uranium)ot Uranium)

s)s)

Gold, IndiumGold, Indium

ee

Gold, IndiumGold, Indium

eeee

rcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Goldrcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Gold

ee

rcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Goldrcury , Zinc, Cobalt, Gold

US)US)

rs)rs)

US)US)

rs)rs)rs)rs)rs)rs)

Comparison oComparison oDTPADTPAComparison oComparison oDTPADTPADTPADTPADTPADTPA

HOOCHOOC HH CCNN--CHCH22--

HOOCHOOC--HH22CC

HOOCHOOC HH CCEDTA EDTA -- EthylenediamEthylenediam

HOOCHOOC--HH22CC

HOOCHOOC--HH22CCNN--CHCH22--CHCH22--NN

HOOCHOOC--HH22CCCCCC

DTPA DTPA -- DiethylenetriamDiethylenetriamCC

of EDTA and of EDTA and of EDTA and of EDTA and

CHCH COOHCOOH--CHCH22--NN

CHCH COOHCOOH

CHCH22--COOHCOOH

minetetraacetic Acidminetetraacetic Acid

CHCH22--COOHCOOH

CHCH22--COOHCOOHNN--CHCH22--CHCH22--NN

CHCH22--COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCHCH22

minepentaacetic Acidminepentaacetic AcidCOOHCOOH

DTPA Administered DTPA Administered Within One HourWithin One HourDTPA Administered DTPA Administered Within One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One HourWithin One Hour

OrganOrgan CCOrganOrgan CC

LiverLiverSk l tSk l tLiverLiverSk l tSk l tSkeletonSkeletonSkeletonSkeleton

for for SolubleSoluble 239239Pu Pu for for SolubleSoluble 239239Pu Pu

Retention Retention Retention Retention ControlControl DTPA TreatedDTPA TreatedControlControl DTPA TreatedDTPA Treated

14%14% 0.47%0.47%57 0%57 0% 5 9%5 9%14%14% 0.47%0.47%57 0%57 0% 5 9%5 9%57.0%57.0% 5.9%5.9%57.0%57.0% 5.9%5.9%

Insoluble PrussianInsoluble PrussianEffective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Insoluble PrussianInsoluble PrussianEffective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Effective for CsEffective for Cs--1313Effective for CsEffective for Cs--1313

Binds Ions in the GutBinds Ions in the Gut

Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re

Binds Ions in the GutBinds Ions in the Gut

Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife ReBiological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re

Not Systemically AbsNot Systemically Abs

Biological HalfBiological Half--Life ReLife Re

Not Systemically AbsNot Systemically Abs

Side Effects Side Effects -- ConstipConstipGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoSide Effects Side Effects -- ConstipConstipGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher DoGI Upset at Higher Do

n Blue n Blue 3737n Blue n Blue 373737373737

educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3educed to 1/3

orbedorbed

educed to 1/3educed to 1/3

orbedorbed

pation, pation, oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day)pation, pation, oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day)oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day) oses (20 g / day)

Lung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung LavageLung Lavage

Does Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be Don( 3( 3--5 days after Exposure5 days after ExposureLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for Pu

Does Not Need to be DonDoes Not Need to be Don( 3( 3--5 days after Exposure5 days after ExposureLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuProteinosisProteinosis

F l d itiF l d iti

Lavage Technique for PuLavage Technique for PuProteinosisProteinosis

F l d itiF l d itiFor larger depositionsFor larger depositionsCommon BronchoscopicCommon Bronchoscopic(h t b l t d f(h t b l t d f

For larger depositionsFor larger depositionsCommon BronchoscopicCommon Bronchoscopic(h t b l t d f(h t b l t d f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f(has not been evaluated f

11Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No 1, 1992, pp. 32Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol 41, No 1, 1992, pp. 3222Safety Series No. 47,Safety Series No. 47, Vienna: IAEA, 1978, p 23.Vienna: IAEA, 1978, p 23.

ne Emergentlyne Emergently11ne Emergentlyne Emergently11ne Emergentlyne Emergently11

e )e )ulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolar

ne Emergentlyne Emergently11

e )e )ulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolarulmonary Alveolar ulmonary Alveolar

505022 10010011 ALIALI

ulmonary Alveolar ulmonary Alveolar

505022 10010011 ALIALIs 50s 5022 --10010011 ALIsALIsc Lavage c Lavage f ff ti )f ff ti )

s 50s 5022 --10010011 ALIsALIsc Lavage c Lavage f ff ti )f ff ti )for effectiveness)for effectiveness)for effectiveness)for effectiveness)

22--33.33.

Uranium CompounUranium CompounClassesClassesUranium CompounUranium CompounClassesClassesClassesClassesClassesClasses

CompoundCompoundUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoCompoundCompoundUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUOUO22(NO(NO33))22 (Uranyl Nitra(Uranyl NitraUOUO33 (Uranium Trioxide)(Uranium Trioxide)

UFUF66 (Uranium Hexafluo(Uranium HexafluoUOUO22(NO(NO33))22 (Uranyl Nitra(Uranyl NitraUOUO33 (Uranium Trioxide)(Uranium Trioxide)33

UOUO22ClCl22 (Uranyl Chlorid(Uranyl ChloridUOUO44 (Uranium Peroxide(Uranium Peroxide

33

UOUO22ClCl22 (Uranyl Chlorid(Uranyl ChloridUOUO44 (Uranium Peroxide(Uranium PeroxideUOUO22 (Uranium Dioxide)(Uranium Dioxide)UCUC22 (Uranium Dicarbid(Uranium DicarbidUOUO (Hi h(Hi h Fi d U iFi d U i

UOUO22 (Uranium Dioxide)(Uranium Dioxide)UCUC22 (Uranium Dicarbid(Uranium DicarbidUOUO (Hi h(Hi h Fi d U iFi d U iUOUO22 (High(High--Fired UraniuFired UraniuUOUO22 (High(High--Fired UraniuFired Uraniu

11Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of UraBiokinetics and Analysis of Urafor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984

nds and Solubility nds and Solubility nds and Solubility nds and Solubility

SolubilitySolubilitySolubilitySolubility1

SolubilitySolubilityClassClass

oride)oride) DD

SolubilitySolubilityClassClass

oride)oride) DDoride)oride) DDate)ate) DD)) DD

oride)oride) DDate)ate) DD)) DDe)e) DDe)e) WWe)e) DDe)e) WW

W,YW,Ye)e) YY

Di id )Di id ) YY

W,YW,Ye)e) YY

Di id )Di id ) YYum Dioxide)um Dioxide) YYum Dioxide)um Dioxide) YYanium in Mananium in Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation

Uranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in BiologiUranium in Biologi

pH 6 5pH 6 5 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MpH 6 5pH 6 5 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MpH 6.5 pH 6.5 -- 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MForm of Serum U is BForm of Serum U is BUOUO22(CO(CO33))2+2+

pH 6.5 pH 6.5 -- 8 Principal / M8 Principal / MForm of Serum U is BForm of Serum U is BUOUO22(CO(CO33))2+2+UOUO22(CO(CO33))

Uranyl Citrate CompleUranyl Citrate Comple

UOUO22(CO(CO33))Uranyl Citrate CompleUranyl Citrate CompleWeak Complex of UOWeak Complex of UO22Protein, Transferrin alProtein, Transferrin alWeak Complex of UOWeak Complex of UO22Protein, Transferrin alProtein, Transferrin al

Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium inBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium infor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium inBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium infor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984

cal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluidscal Fluids

Most Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily TransportedMost Easily Transported Most Easily Transported Biscarbonato Complex, Biscarbonato Complex, Most Easily Transported Most Easily Transported Biscarbonato Complex, Biscarbonato Complex,

ex also formedex also formedex also formedex also formed22

2+2+ and Ironand Iron--Transport Transport lso Forms in Plasmalso Forms in Plasma22

2+2+ and Ironand Iron--Transport Transport lso Forms in Plasmalso Forms in Plasma

n Mann Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundationn Mann Man, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation

Uranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium DepositioUranium Depositio

Some of Bound UOSome of Bound UO222+ 2+ is Ris R

Renal Retention EnhanceRenal Retention EnhanceSome of Bound UOSome of Bound UO22

2+ 2+ is Ris RRenal Retention EnhanceRenal Retention Enhance

Large Amounts of U Large Amounts of U Acidic UrineAcidic UrineLarge Amounts of U Large Amounts of U Acidic UrineAcidic Urinec d c U ec d c U e

U Kidney Release HalfU Kidney Release Half--timtimEnhanced by Alkaline UriEnhanced by Alkaline Uri

c d c U ec d c U eU Kidney Release HalfU Kidney Release Half--timtimEnhanced by Alkaline UriEnhanced by Alkaline Uriyyyy

Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in MBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in Mfor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984Adapted From Adapted From Biokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in MBiokinetics and Analysis of Uranium in Mfor the US Dept of Energy, 1984for the US Dept of Energy, 1984

on in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidneyon in Kidney

Retained in Kidney Retained in Kidney ed by:ed by:Retained in Kidney Retained in Kidney ed by:ed by:

me is 15 d me is 15 d nene

me is 15 d me is 15 d nene

ManMan, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health FoundationManMan, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation

UraniumUranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUraniumUranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUranium Uranium -- AlkalinizAlkalinizUranium Uranium -- AlkalinizAlkaliniz235235UU -- GammaGamma235235UU -- GammaGammaUU GammaGammaEff Half Time DependsEff Half Time DependsAt N l E i hAt N l E i h

UU GammaGammaEff Half Time DependsEff Half Time DependsAt N l E i hAt N l E i hAt Normal EnrichmenAt Normal EnrichmenRenal ToxicityRenal ToxicityM i t i U i H 7 5M i t i U i H 7 5

At Normal EnrichmenAt Normal EnrichmenRenal ToxicityRenal ToxicityM i t i U i H 7 5M i t i U i H 7 5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Use Bicarbonate tableUse Bicarbonate tableMaintain Urine pH 7.5Maintain Urine pH 7.5Use Bicarbonate tableUse Bicarbonate table(Do not use Alka Seltz(Do not use Alka SeltzUse Supplemental KCUse Supplemental KC(Do not use Alka Seltz(Do not use Alka SeltzUse Supplemental KCUse Supplemental KCppppalkaline diuresisalkaline diuresis

ppppalkaline diuresisalkaline diuresis

ze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urineze Urine

s on Solubilitys on Solubilityt L l P it L l P is on Solubilitys on Solubilityt L l P it L l P int Levels, Primary nt Levels, Primary

t 8t 8

nt Levels, Primary nt Levels, Primary

t 8t 8 to 8 to 8ets ets to 8 to 8ets ets zer from old texts!)zer from old texts!)

Cl tablets to maintain Cl tablets to maintain zer from old texts!)zer from old texts!)

Cl tablets to maintain Cl tablets to maintain

Uranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium SolubilityUranium Solubilityy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHy and Urine pHAlkalinzation recently Alkalinzation recently called Questionablecalled QuestionableAlkalinzation recently Alkalinzation recently called Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionablecalled Questionable

ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesNCRP 65 –Safety Series #47NCRP 65 –Safety Series #47Safety Series #47 –Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1992Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2000

Safety Series #47 –Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1992Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2000

2020

“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doin“I'm so happy doinppyppydance”dance”

ppyppydance”dance”

Pointer SisPointer SisPointer SisPointer Sis

n' the neutron n' the neutron n' the neutron n' the neutron

sters, 1990sters, 1990sters, 1990sters, 1990

Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!