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©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
Chapter 15
Unusual or Extreme Habitats
Dodds & Whiles
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.1
Lake Frxyell (the lake is under the flat ice in the center of the valley and is about 5 km long), a permanently ice-covered lake in Antarctica (top, courtesy of Dale Anderson), and tufa pillars, which are several meters high, at hypersaline Mono Lake, California. (Bottom, courtesy of Mark Chappell).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.2
Number of species of aquatic beetles and cyanobacteria found in springs of different temperatures. (Data from Brock, 1978).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.3
Growth curves of eight strains of Senecococcus isolated from different temperatures in one hot spring. (Reprinted with permission from Nature. J. A. Peary and R. W. Castenholz. Temperature strains of a thermophilic blue-green alga. Nature 5(64), 720–721. 1964. Macmillan Magazines Limited).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.4
Distribution of cyanobacterial genera and strains and the grazing ostracod Potamocypris in Hunter’s Hot Spring, Oregon. Dominant species on top with distribution limits. Bars give temperature ranges of each organism, with gray portion of each bar representing the temperature range for optimum growth. (Adapted from Wickstrom and Castenholz, 1985).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.5
Vertical profiles of temperature and conductivity (A) and phytoplankton (B) (chlorophyll fluorescence) from Lake Vanda, Antarctica. (Reproduced with permission from (A) Spigel and Priscu, 1998; and (B) Howard-Williams et al., 1998).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.6
(Left) A temporary pool formed in granite by freezing and thawing of water and (right) a temporary pool in a tallgrass prairie formed by bison activity. (Bison pool image courtesy of D. Rintoul).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.7
Tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus covessi; A) and a fairy shrimp (Eubranchipus hundyi, length 7 mm; B), invertebrates that are typical of temporary pools. (Reproduced with permission from Dodson and Frey, 1991).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.8
Darlingtonia, a pitcher plant that contains small pools within its specialized, hollow leaves. The pools are inhabited by some insects, and the plant preys upon others.
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.9
Distribution of bacteria (A), protozoa (B), and fungi (C) in deep subsurface sediments from near the Savannah River. (From Geomicrobiol. J. Fig. 2, p. 22, and Fig. 3, p. 23, by J. L. Sinclair and W. C. Ghiorse. 1989. Reproduced by permission of Taylor and Francis Inc.).
©2010 Elsevier, Inc.
FIGURE 15.10
Some organisms adapted to use the water surface as a habitat. (A) A mosquito pupa, Anopheles claviger; (B) a snail, Lymnaea; (C) the cladoceran Scapholeberis mucronata; (D) Notonecta, a water boatman; (E) the water strider, Gerris; (F) the bacterium, Lampropedia hyalina; (G) the chrysophyte Ochromonas vischerii; (H) the diatom Navicula; (I) the flagellate Codonosiga botrytis; (J) the alga Botrydiopsis; (K) the testate amoeba Arcella; (L) the alga Nautococcus. (Reproduced with permission from (A–E) Guthrie, 1989; and (F–L) Ruttner, 1963).
