2010 0104 Sabar 2 RoutineScalPetroBiost

8/11/2019 2010 0104 Sabar 2 RoutineScalPetroBiost

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PETROCHINA INTERNATIONAL JABUNG LTD.

ROUTINE & SPECIAL CORE ANALYSIS,

ROCK DESCRIPTION & BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

for

CONVENTIONAL CORES

from

WELL SABAR - 2[Core 1: 4562.00 - 4609.60][Core 2: 5192.00 - 5241.80]

PSC Jabung Block,Jambi Province,

onshore Sumatra,Indonesia.

PT. GEOSERVICES [LTD]Geological & Laboratory Services Division

Report No.: 2010/0104/LAB


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PT. GEOSERVICES [LTD]

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

a.

Objectivesb. Services & Analysesc. Core Conditions & Proceduresd. Lithostratigraphye. Analysts

II. ROUTINE CORE ANALYSIS

a. Introductionb. Resultsc. Core Correlation & Hydraulic Unitization

d. Laboratory Procedures

III. SPECIAL CORE ANALYSIS

a. Introductionb. Resultsc. Laboratory Procedures

IV. ROCK DESCRIPTION[CORE DESCRIPTION, PETROGRAPHY, SEM & XRD]

a. Introductionb. Proceduresc. Lithological Description of Coresd. Petrographic Descriptionse. Laboratory Measured Gammaf. XRD Analysesg. SEM Analysesh. Diagenesisi. Depositional Environment & Lithofacies

j. Reservoir Properties

V. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY[FORAMINIFERA, CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS & PALYNOLOGY]

a. Introductionb. Conventional Micropaleontologyc. Calcareous Nannofossilsd. Palynologye. Depositional Environments


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Figures:

1. Services & Analyses2. Location Map3. Core 1 Statistical Summary of Routine Core Analysis

Measurements for Horizontal Plugs at Ambient Conditions4. Core 1 Statistical Summary of Porosity & Horizontal Permeability

Measurements at Ambient & NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs5. Core 2 Statistical Summary of Routine Core Analysis

Measurements for Horizontal Plugs at Ambient Conditions6. Core 2 Statistical Summary of Porosity & Horizontal Permeability

Measurements at Ambient & NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs7. Core 2 Statistical Summary of Porosity & Horizontal Permeability

Measurements at Ambient & NOB Conditions for Full DiameterSamples

8.

Summary of Relative Permeability [Kg/Ko] Results9. Summary of Relative Permeability [Kw/Ko] Results10. Rock Description Analyses & Lithologies11. Summary of Petrography with Modal Analysis12. Results of X-Ray Diffraction Analyses13. Biostratigraphic Summary14. Classification of Depositional Environments: Neogene Clastic

Sequences of Southeast Asia15. Classification of Benthic Environments16. Cenozoic Stratigraphy

Tables: Routine Core Analysis

1. Porosity & Horizontal Permeability at Ambient & Net OverburdenConditions, Saturation & Grain Density for Plug Samples

2. Horizontal & Vertical Permeability, Porosity & Grain Density atAmbient & NOB Conditions for Plug Samples

3. Horizontal & Vertical Permeability, Porosity & Grain Density atAmbient & NOB Conditions for Full Diameter Samples

4. Hydraulic Unitization Data

Special Core Analysis 5. Formation Resistivity Factor at Ambient Conditions6. Formation Resistivity Factor & Index at Ambient Conditions7. Formation Resistivity Factor at NOB Conditions8. Formation Resistivity Factor & Index at NOB Conditions9. Air-Brine Capillary Pressure by Porous Plate Method10. Cation Exchange Capacity11a-d. Unsteady State Gas-Oil Relative Permeability12. Summary of Unsteady State Gas-Oil Relative Permeability Data13a-d. Unsteady State Water-Oil Relative Permeability14. Summary of Unsteady State Water-Oil Relative Permeability Data


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Graphs:

Routine Core Analysis

Core 1 [4562.00-4609.60]

1. Porosity vs. Permeability at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs2. Porosity vs. Permeability at NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs3. Permeabilities to Air at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal & Vertical

Plugs4. Permeabilities to Air at NOB Conditions for Horizontal & Vertical

Plugs5. Permeability to Air Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal

Plugs6. Porosity Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs7. Grain Density Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs8. Permeability to Air Histogram at NOB Conditions for Horizontal

Plugs9. Porosity Histogram at NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs

Core 2 [5192.00-5241.80]

10. Porosity vs. Permeability at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs11. Porosity vs. Permeability at NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs12. Permeabilities to Air at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal & Vertical

Plugs13. Permeabilities to Air at NOB Conditions for Horizontal & Vertical

Plugs14. Permeability to Air Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal

Plugs15. Porosity Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs16. Grain Density Histogram at Ambient Conditions for Horizontal Plugs17. Permeability to Air Histogram at NOB Conditions for Horizontal

Plugs18. Porosity Histogram at NOB Conditions for Horizontal Plugs19. Porosity vs. RQI20. Hydraulic Unitization

21.

Cluster Mapping of Hydraulic PropertiesSpecial Core Analysis

22. Formation Resistivity Factor at Ambient Conditions23. Formation Resistivity Index at Ambient Conditions24. Formation Resistivity Factor at NOB Conditions25. Formation Resistivity Index at NOB Conditions26a-d. Air-Brine Capillary Pressure by Porous Plate27 Composite Air-Brine Capillary Pressure by Porous Plate28a-d. Unsteady State Gas-Oil Relative Permeability

29a-d. Unsteady State Gas-Oil Relative Permeability Ratio


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30a-d. Unsteady State Water-Oil Relative Permeability31a-d. Unsteady State Water-Oil Relative Permeability Ratio

NOB = Net Overburden

Enclosures:

1a, b. Lithological & Sedimentological Description2a, b. Total & Spectral Core Gamma Log3a, b. Core Correlation & Hydraulic Unitization Chart4. Micropalaeontological [including foraminifera] & Calcareous

Nannofossils Distribution Chart [STRATABUGS Version]5. Palynological Distribution Chart

Appendices:

1. Core Inventory2. Core Description Log Legend3. Laboratory Measured Total Gamma Log Shifts to Downhole

Measured Gamma

Plates:

1-3. Close-Up Core Photographs4-13. Petrographic & SEM Photomicrographs with Descriptions

14-30. Whole Core Photographs [White & UV Light]


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I. INTRODUCTION

This report presents routine and special core analysis measurements, together with theresults of rock description and biostratigraphic analyses for the two [2] conventional cores

from Well Sabar-2 .

The well was drilled by PetroChina International Jabung Ltd , in PSC Jabung Block,Jambi Province, onshore Sumatra, Indonesia, during 2008.

The analyses and interpretations were carried out by PT. GEOSERVICES [LTD] , Geological & Laboratory Services Division , in Jakarta, during 2009.

a. Objectives

The objectives of the study were to:

Measure total and spectral gamma in the laboratory, while the cores were still in thealluminum barrels, as received from wellsite, and to match and display the logs againstthe downhole gamma.

Refit and reorientate the cores, before slabbing, polishing and preserving a one thirdslice in epoxy resin, as the Display Section .

Photograph the whole core under white and UV light and take close up photographs atdepths where samples were removed for petrographic analyses.

Carry out routine core analysis measurements on plug samples at standard intervals,including horizontal and vertical permeability helium porosity at ambient and net

overburden pressures, residual fluid content by retort and grain density. Carry out routine core analyses measurements on selected full diameter whole core

samples. Carry out special core analysis measurements on selected plugs, formation factor and

resistivity index at ambient and net overburden conditions, cation exchange capacity[CEC], unsteady state relative permeability [Kg/Ko] & [Kw/Ko], and air-brinecapillary pressure by porous plate.

Prepare a Core Correlation & Hydraulic Unitisation Chart to show the relationship between routine core analysis results, laboratory measured gamma and downhole logs,as an indication of the best and worst reservoir units.

Make detailed lithological and sedimentological descriptions of the cores. Carry out petrographic, SEM and XRD analyses on selected samples. Undertake selected biostratigraphic analyses.

b. Services & Analyses

The specific services and analyses carried out are listed, Figure 1 .


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Services & Analyses Top feet Bottom

feet No.

Cleaning, refitting &orientation

Total & spectral core gamma

Slabbing

Resination & reboxing

97.40

Core plugging[horizontal & vertical]

99

CORE HANDLING& IMAGING

Whole core photography[white & UV light]

97.40

Summation of fluids 50Lithological descriptions 55Horizontal permeabilityto air at ambient & NOB 55

Helium porosityat ambient & NOB

55

Vertical permeability to airat ambient & NOB

49

Grain density 55

P l u g s

S a m p l e s

Hydraulic unitization

Core 14565.00 - 4609.60

Core 25192.00 - 5241.80

1 dayLithological descriptions

Horizontal permeability to air[two directions] at ambient

& NOBVertical permeability to air

at ambient & NOBPorosity at ambient & NOB

R O U T I N E

C O R E A N A L Y S I S

F u l

l D i a m e t e r

S a m p l e s

Grain density

4665.505192.505203.505230.005235.005237.80

4566.005193.005204.005230.505235.505238.30

6

Formation factor & resistivity

index at NOB conditionsCation exchange capacity

Air-brine capillary pressureby plate method

Unsteady state relativepermeability [Kg/Ko]

SPECIAL COREANALYSIS

Unsteady state relativepermeability [Kw/Ko]

4572.104581.105196.305229.10

4


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Detailed lithological &sedimentological descriptions

of whole core4562.00 5241.80 97.40

Thin sectioning &petrography withphotomicrographs

10

XRD analysis 5

SEM analysis 5

ROCKDESCRIPTION

Close up photographs

4562.10 5240.30

15Conventional

micropalaeontology 6

Calcareous nannoplankton4562.50 4629.50

6BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

Palynology 4570.60 5226.50 4

FIGURE 1: WELL SABAR-2SERVICES & ANALYSES

c. Core Condition & Procedures

The study involved the examination of ninety seven point four [97.40] feet of four [4] inchdiameter core, from Cores 1 and 2, which according to PetroChina was drilled in theTalang Akar Formation .

The cores were received in 3ft long alluminum barrels, which were sealed at both endswith rubber caps.

Total and spectral gamma was measured while the cores were still inside the barrels.

The cores were removed from the barrels and then cleaned, refitted, reoriented, measuredand marked.

The following are the top and bottom depths of the cores as measured at wellsite and afterrefitting and re-measuring in the laboratory:

CORE 1: 4562.00 - 4609.60 47.60CORE 2: 5192.00 - 5241.80 49.80

All depths marked on the cores and used in this report are in decimal feet .

Comments on specific preparation techniques and analytical procedures are described inthe relevant sections of the report.

After plugs and whole core samples had been removed for core analysis the cores wereslabbed into 1/3 and 2/3 longitudinal sections. The 1/3 section was polished , mounted in


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epoxy resin, labelled and placed in customized plywood boxes. This Display Section was photographed, under white and ultraviolet light, and used for the lithological description.

The 2/3 sections was placed in plastic half tubes and wrapped in plastic film, the ReserveSection .

d. Analysts

Core analysis : Samuel Wazir, Trimudi Hartono, SoenardiCore preservation : Samuel Wazir, Trimudi HartonoSedimentology : Sani Gunawan, Yustiningtyas PangaribowoPetrography, XRD, SEM : Yustiningtyas Pangaribowo, Amin RinjaniBiostratigraphy : Valentino Quidayan, Dirk HosCo-ordination : Soenardi, Bob Meyrick, Sani Gunawan


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FIGURE 2: LOCATION MAP

WELL SABAR-2


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II. ROUTINE CORE ANALYSIS

a. Introduction

The routine core analysis program comprised the following.

Plug Samples

The samples selected were from parts of the cores described as sandstones, although theyare characterized by different lithofacies in cores 1 and 2. Approximately 50% of core 1and 50% of core 2 are described as sandstones.

Lithological descriptions 55

Summation of fluids 50

Helium porosity at ambient and net overburden 55Horizontal permeability to air at ambient and net overburden 55

Vertical permeability to air at ambient and net overburden 50

Summation of fluids by retort method 50

Grain density 55

Full Diameter Samples

Measurements carried out on six [6] samples, 4665.50-4566.00, one [1] from core 1 and

five [5] from core 2, 5192.50-5193, 5203.50-5204, 5230.00-5230.50, 5235.00-5235.50,5237.80-5238.00.

Lithological descriptions

Horizontal permeability to air [two directions] at ambient and net overburden

Vertical permeability to air at ambient and net overburden

Porosity at ambient and net overburden

Grain density

6

b. Results

Plug samples

Measurements are tabulated, Tables 1 & 2, and presented graphically, Graphs 1-18 .

Core 1

The porosity at ambient conditions for horizontal plugs ranged from 5.6% to 27.2%,with an arithmetic average of 19.7%. At net overburden conditions the range was 5.1%to 26.7%, with an arithmetic average 19.2%.


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Permeability measurements at ambient conditions for horizontal plugs ranged from0.355 md to 900 md, with an arithmetic average of 445 md. At net overburdenconditions the range was 0.092 md to 804 md, with an arithmetic average 414 md.

Vertical permeability measurements at ambient conditions ranged from 0.053 md to785 md, with an arithmetic average of 245 md. At net overburden conditions the rangewas 0.041 md to 729 md, with an arithmetic average 222 md.

Oil saturation ranged from 0.0% to 2.1% pore volume, with an arithmetic average of0.8% of pore volume. Water saturation ranged from 30.5% to 74.7% pore volume,with an arithmetic average 39.7% pore volume.

Grain density ranged from 2.65 g/cc to 2.72 g/cc with an arithmetic average of 2.67g/cc.

SaturationHorizontalPermeability

to airat ambient

md

HeliumPorosity

at ambient%

Oil% pv

Water% pv

GrainDensity

g/cc

MeanStandard ErrorMedianMode

Standard DeviationMinimumMaximumCount

4451.72541695

15.70.35590026

19.71.4

22.5-

7.35.6

27.226

0.80.10.90.0

0.70.02.122

39.72.2

37.1-

10.530.574.722

2.670.0042.662.65

0.022.652.7226

FIGURE 3: WELL SABAR-2 CORE 1STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ROUTINE CORE ANALYSISMEASUREMENTS FOR HORIZONTAL PLUGS ATAMBIENT CONDITIONS


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Horizontalpermeability

Verticalpermeability

Heliumporosity

ambient

md

NOB

md

ambient

md

NOB

md

ambient

%

NOB

%MeanStandard errorMedianModeStandarddeviationMinimumMaximumCount

4451.7254169515.7

0.35590026

4141.85482

-22.9

0.09280426

2451.87129

-20.0

0.05378523

2222.00121

-27.8

0.04172923

19.71.4

22.5-

7.35.6

27.226

19.21.4

22.1-

7.35.1

26.726

FIGURE 4: WELL SABAR-2 CORE 1STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF POROSITY & HORIZONTALPERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT AMBIENT & NOBCONDITIONS FOR HORIZONTAL PLUGS

Core 2

The porosity at ambient conditions for horizontal plugs ranged from 1.7% to 25.9%,with an arithmetic average of 12.5%. At net overburden conditions the range was 1.3%

to 24.4%, with an arithmetic average 11.6%.

Permeability measurements at ambient conditions for horizontal plugs ranged from0.005 md to 622 md, with an arithmetic average of 62.2 md. At net overburdenconditions the range was 0.001 md to 573 md, with an arithmetic average 56.2 md.

Vertical permeability measurements at ambient conditions ranged from 0.005 md to141 md, with an arithmetic average of 15.4 md. At net overburden conditions therange was 0.001 md to 127 md, with an arithmetic average 13.4 md.

Oil saturation ranged from 0.0 % to 7.1% pore volume, with an arithmetic average of2.5% of pore volume. Water saturation ranged from 32.6% to 87.3% pore volume,with an arithmetic average 58.9% pore volume.



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SaturationHorizontalPermeability

to air

at ambientmd

HeliumPorosity

at ambient

%Oil

% pvWater% pv

GrainDensity

g/cc

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationMinimumMaximumCount

62.21.811.31

-24.6

0.00562229

12.51.3

13.4-

7.11.7

25.929

2.50.42.50.01.90.07.128

58.93.0

59.2-

16.132.687.328

2.660.0032.662.650.022.652.7029

FIGURE 5: WELL SABAR-2 CORE 2STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ROUTINE CORE ANALYSISMEASUREMENTS FOR HORIZONTAL PLUGS ATAMBIENT CONDITIONS

Horizontalpermeability

Verticalpermeability

Heliumporosity

ambient

md

NOB

md

ambient

md

NOB

md

ambient

%

NOB

%

MeanStandard errorMedianModeStandarddeviationMinimumMaximumCount

62.21.811.31

-24.6

0.00562229

56.22.07

0.6230.00150.3

0.00157329

15.41.72

0.7650.35416.6

0.00514127

13.41.91

0.168-

28.90.00112727

12.51.3

13.4-

7.11.7

25.929

11.61.3

12.0-

6.91.3

24.429

FIGURE 6: WELL SABAR-2 CORE 2STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF POROSITY & HORIZONTALPERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT AMBIENT & NOBCONDITIONS FOR HORIZONTAL PLUGS


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Core 1

The porosity at ambient conditions for the single sample from the core was 23.0% andat net overburden conditions 22.4%.

Horizontal permeability at ambient conditions was 651 md and at net overburdenconditions 518 md.

Vertical permeability at ambient conditions was 101 md and at net overburdenconditions 60.5 md.

Grain density ranged from 2.65 g/cc.

Core 2

The porosity at ambient conditions of the five [5] samples ranged from 11.8% to16.8%, with an arithmetic average of 14.4%. At net overburden conditions the rangewas 11.2% to 16.4%, with an arithmetic average 13.7%.

Horizontal permeability measurements at ambient conditions ranged from 3.87 md to554 md, with an arithmetic average of 119 md. At net overburden conditions the rangewas 0.376 md to 493 md, with an arithmetic average 104 md.

Vertical permeability measurements at ambient conditions ranged from 1.63 md to 111md, with an arithmetic average of 25.1 md. At net overburden conditions the rangewas 0.206 md to 80.2 md, with an arithmetic average 16.4 md.



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HorizontalPermeability

Max


90 0

VerticalPermeability Porosity

ambmd

NOBmd

ambmd

NOBmd

ambmd

NOBmd

amb%

NOB%

G r a i n

D e n s i

t y

g / c c

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationMinimumMaximum

Count

1192.644.05

-8.763.87554

5

1043.901.09

-21.0

0.376493

5

1142.863.68

-10.51.51535

5

97.84.31

0.992-

26.20.181466

5

25.12.074.64.6

5.091.63111

5

16.42.98

0.377-

11.50.20680.2

5

14.40.9614.7

-2.1

11.816.8

5

13.70.9513.8

-2.1

11.216.4

5

2.660.0042.662.66

0.0082.652.67

5

FIGURE 7: WELL SABAR-2 CORE 2STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF POROSITY & HORIZONTALPERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT AMBIENT & NOBCONDITIONS FOR FULL DIAMETER SAMPLES

c. Core Correlation & Hydraulic Unitization

A summary of selected results is presented against downhole logs and laboratorymeasured gamma in the Core Correlation & Hydraulic Unitization Chart , Enclosure 3 . Inthis chart the depths of core analysis measurements have been shifted to downhole depths,

based on the matching of laboratory measured gamma and the downhole gamma supplied by PetroChina . Details of the actual depth shifts are presented, Appendix 3 .

Hydraulic unitization analysis was also carried out using core analysis measurements fromhorizontal plugs and the data are supplied in tabular and graphical form Table 4 , Graphs19-21 , Enclosure 3 . From this methodology the porosity and permeability datarelationships allow classification of each horizontal plug into one of six differentcategories, where the lowest [1] characterizes the best reservoir lithologies and highest [6]

the poorest . Samples from core 1 are generally characterised as significantly betterreservoir rocks than those from core 2.

d. Laboratory Procedures

Plug Samples

Residual Fluid Content by Retort

The selected core samples were broken into pea sized fragments. The fragments wereenclosed in a retort bomb and placed in a retort oven. The temperature of the retort oven


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was set at 350 deg F to extract pore water. The initial water was recorded. Thetemperature was then increased to 1,200 deg F for 30 minutes, during which time theremaining hydrocarbons and final water were recorded as final water. The volumes of oiland water collected were calculated as a percentage of the bulk volume and combinedwith the percentage of void space, determined using a mercury injection pump, to give asummation of fluid porosity.

Sample Preparation

A total of ninety nine [99] 1 inch diameter plugs, fifty [50] horizontal and forty nine [49]vertical, were drilled, with 3% KCl as the bit coolant and lubricant. The ends of each plugwere trimmed to form a right cylinder.

Cleaning

The plug samples were cleaned with toluene to remove hydrocarbons and with methanolto remove salts.

Drying

The samples were dried in a humidity oven at 60 o C and 45% humidity for, until weightsstabilized. The weights were recorded.

Helium Porosity & Permeability to Air at Ambient & Net Overburden

Using AP-608 Automated Porosimeter & Permeameter the dry samples were placed in

a Hassler core holder, the pore volume were measured with Boyles Law method, by usinghelium gas which was passed through the samples, the pressures were monitored untilstable, helium porosity and grain density at ambient [500 psig] and net overburden [2400

psig] pressures were calculated. By passing nitrogen gas through the samples at knownflow rate upstream and downstream pressures were monitored until stable, indicatingsteady-state conditions. Permeabilities to air were determined at confining pressure atambient and net overburden.

Hydraulic Unitization

The technique was carried out to characterize hydraulic units, and is based on a modified

Kozeny-Carman equation and the concept of mean hydraulic radius. The equationindicates that for any hydraulic unit a log-log plot of Reservoir Quality Index [RQI] isequal to:

RQI : 0.0314 k / Where:

K : Horizontal permeability to air : Helium porosity

Compare with Normalized Porosity Index [ z], which is equal to:


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z = /1- Where:

: Helium Porosity

A log-log plot of RQI versus z

is shown in Graph 19 , which is based on the data shown inTable 4 .

The intercept of the unit slope line with z = 1, designated as the Flow Zone Indicator[FZI], is a unique parameter for each hydraulic unit. RQI, z, and FZI are based on

porosity and permeability data measured from core samples.


Sample Preparation

Six [6] full diameter samples were selected by PetroChina for analysis.

Cleaning

The full diameter samples were cleaned with cold toluene to remove any hydrocarbonsand with methanol to remove salts.

Drying

The samples were dried in a humidity oven at 60 o C and humidity at 45%, until weightsstabilized, these weights were recorded

Helium Porosity & Permeability to Air at Ambient & Net Overburden

The length and diameter of each full diameter sample was measured using a caliper. Porevolume and permeability to air were measured in a full diameter core holder at confining

pressure of 500 psig [ambient] and 2400 psig [net overburden]. Pore volume wasmeasured with a Boyles Law helium porosimeter. Bulk volumes were determined by thecaliper method; grain densities were calculated from dry weight and bulk volume of thesamples, porosities were calculated from the bulk volume and pore volume data.

Permeabilities to air were determined by passing dry air through the samples at a knownflow rate. Upstream and downstream pressures were monitored until stable, indicatingsteady-state conditions. Permeabilities to air were calculated from these data.


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III. SPECIAL CORE ANALYSIS

a. Introduction

The special core analysis program, as requested by PetroChina , comprised the following: Formation factor at ambient and net overburden conditions on four [4] samples Resistivity index at ambient and net overburden conditions on four [4] samples Cation exchange capacity on four [4] samples Unsteady-state relative permeability [Kg/Ko] and [Kw/Ko] on each four [4] Air-brine capillary pressure by porous plate on four [4] samples

Two [2] of the samples selected for testing were from Core 1, 4572.10 and 4581.10, andtwo [2] were from core 2, 5196.30 and 5229.10.

b. Results

The following are summaries of the measurements undertaken.

Formation resistivity factor & resistivity index at ambient conditions :Tables 5, 6, Graphs 22, 23 .

The individual cementation of porosity exponent m ranged from 1.69 to 1.74, withan average value of 1.71 at net overburden conditions.

The individual saturation exponent n ranged from 1.71 to 1.78 with an average valueof 1.74 at net overburden conditions.

Formation resistivity factor & resistivity index at net overburden conditions :Tables 7, 8, Graphs 24, 25 .

The individual cementation of porosity exponent m ranged from 1.72 to 1.77 with anaverage value of 1.74 at net overburden conditions.

The individual saturation exponent n ranged from 1.74 to 1.81 with an average valueof 1.78 at net overburden conditions.

Air-brine capillary pressure by porous plate method :

Table 9 , Graphs 26a-d, 27 .The saturation of the samples at the end of testing ranged from 20.5% to 26.4% of pore volume, with an arithmetic average of 22.7%.

Cation exchange capacity : Table 10 .The cation exchange capacity results ranged from 1.300 to 1.420 meq/100gr, with anarithmetic average of 1.370 meq/100gr.

Unsteady state relative permeability [Kg/Ko]: Figure 8, Tables 11a-d, 12, Graphs 28a-d, 29a-d .

The average oil recovery was 46.2% oil in place indicating a residual saturation of

31.1% of pore space. Initial water saturation at residual oil saturation was 22.7%.


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SampleID

Depth feet

Permeabilityto air

md

Porosity%

Initialwater

saturation

% pv

Residualoil

saturation

% pv

Oilrecovery

% pv

Confining pressure: 2400 psig

111 4572.10 804 23.6 20.5 30.5 49.1

120 4581.10 715 23.1 20.7 31.2 48.2

205 5196.30 160 20.9 26.4 32.5 41.1

238 5229.10 477 24.4 23.2 30.4 46.3

FIGURE 8: WELL SABAR-2SUMMARY OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY [Kg/Ko]RESULTS

Unsteady state relative permeability [Kw/Ko]: Figure 9, Tables 13a-d, 14, Graphs 30a-d, 31a-d .

The average waterflood oil recovery was 51.7% oil in place, indicating a residualsaturation of 25.6% of pore space. Initial water saturation at residual oil saturation was22.7%.

SampleID

Depth feet

Permeabilityto air

md

Porosity%

Initialwater

saturation% pv

Residualoil

saturation% pv

Oilrecovery

% pv

Confining pressure: 2400 psig

111 4572.10 804 23.6 20.5 26.8 52.7

120 4581.10 715 23.1 20.7 26.9 52.4

205 5196.30 160 20.9 26.4 23.7 49.9

238 5229.10 477 24.4 23.2 25.2 51.5

FIGURE 9: WELL SABAR - 2SUMMARY OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY [Kw/Ko]RESULTS


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c. Laboratory Procedures

The following are generalized procedures involved in the measurements provided.

Fluid Preparation

Synthetic formation brine [14,850 ppm] was prepared to the same salinity as previouslyanalyzed formation water, using regent grade chemicals and de-ionized water. Laboratoryoil of an approximately viscosity of 20.0 cp at ambient temperature was prepared. Thefluids were evacuated of air and pre filtered through a 0.45 micron millipore TM prior touse.

Samples Saturated

The dry samples were initially loaded into a saturation cell and evacuated for a minimum

of 24 hours. The cell was filled with simple formation brine approximately 14,850 ppm NaCl. The pressure was increased to 2,000 psig and maintained for a minimum of twohours. The saturated samples were removed from the cell and weighed; gravimetricsaturated pore volume was calculated and compared to the gas expansion pore volume toverify complete saturation.

Formation Resistivity Factor & Resistivity Index at Net Overburden Conditions

The saturated samples were placed in individual hydrostatic core holders under pressuresof 500 psig [ambient conditions] and 2400 psig [net overburden conditions] and thedownstream face of each sample in contact with a semi-permeable porous plate that had

been saturated with the same simulated formation brine of known resistivity. Electrodes,combined silver-plated end stems and silver membranes, were placed in contact with theupstream face of each sample. The formation resistivity factors F R were calculated fromresistance measurements of the brine and the brine saturated plugs at ambient conditions.The Archie porosity [cementation] exponent m was calculated from the slope of thecomposite formation resistivity factor-porosity relationship, with values based on a Y-intercept value a of 1.00. The formation resistivity index, I R , was calculated for eachsaturation measurement. The Archie saturation exponent n was calculated from theresistivity index-saturation relationships.

Air-Brine Capillary Pressure by Porous Plate Method

The saturated samples were subjected to pressures of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 15.0, 35.0, 75.0,150.0, and 200.0 psig to obtain a nine-point capillary pressure vs. saturation profile. Brinesaturations were determined gravimetrically.

Cation Exchange Capacity

The end trim samples were cleaned using toluene and subsequently dried then crushed andground to a size of less than the 60-mesh sieve. The powder was then measure of clayexchangeable cation [Qv] of the sample was estimated using data from directmeasurements on each sample by standard titration method.


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The value of Qv were calculated using the following equation:

Qv =

Where: Qv = Quantity of clay exchangeable cation presentCEC = Cation exchange capacity as meq/100 grams = Porosity, fractionGD = Grain density, gr/cc

Unsteady State Gas-Oil Relative Permeability

The samples were flushed under backpressure with laboratory oil of approximately 20-centipoise viscosity at ambient conditions to ensure that no mobile water or residual gaswas present. Permeability to oil at irreducible water saturation as the base permeabilitywas determined on each sample. The samples were then injected with humidity gas as thedisplacing phase, incrementally produced volume of oil and gas were monitored for eachsample. Permeability to gas was determined before termination of the test. Relative

permeability gas-oil was then calculated.

Unsteady State Water-Oil Relative Permeability

The saturated samples were flushed under backpressure with laboratory oil ofapproximately 20-centipoise viscosity at ambient conditions to ensure that no mobile

water or residual was present. Permeability to oil at irreducible water saturation wasdetermined on each sample. The sample was then injected with simulated formation brineat a constant flow rate, and effluent oil and water volumes were recorded as a function oftime until approximately 100% water cut was established. Permeability to water wasdetermined in the forward and reverse directions of flow before termination of the tests.Relative permeability water-oil was then calculated. .

CEC (1- ) GD*100


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III. ROCK DESCRIPTION[PETROGRAPHY, SEM & XRD]

a. Introduction

In this section of the report the lithological and sedimentological descriptions of the cores,drilled in the Talang Akar Formation , are presented, together with the results of ten [10]

petrographic, five [5] XRD and five [5] SEM analyses.

Comments are made on the diagenesis, reservoir properties and depositional environments ofthe cores.

The graphical descriptions of the cores are presented Enclosure 1a , b . Whole core and closeup photographs and photomicrographs are provided, Plates 1-30 .

The total gamma is displayed against the lithological log, Enclosure 1a , b . The spectralcore gamma logs are displayed against total laboratory measured gamma, Enclosure 2a , b.

b. Procedures

The lithology was graphically logged to highlight lithotype, structure, bioturbation, fossilsand grain size. The hand drawn graphical log data was replotted as a computer image usingWELLCAD software by ALT . Additional data, gamma logs, porosity and permeabilitymeasurements, and petrography samples, written description and interpretation ofdepositional environment were placed on the log. Porosity and permeability data are fromhorizontal plug measurements.

Petrographic descriptions were carried out on standard vacuum impregnated and stainedthin sections. Modal analysis results are based on a minimum of two hundred and fifty[250] point counts.

XRD and SEM analyses were carried out on parts of the cores that appeared least affected by disaggregation and fracturing from the coring process and did not appear to containdrilling mud contamination.

c. Lithological Descriptions of CoresThe lithological descriptions of the cores are as follows.

CORE 1

4562.00 4562.30: Sandstone , pale yellowish brown [10YR6/2]; fine grained; wellsorted; subangular to subrounded; laminations of carbonaceousdebris 1mm , non calcareous.

4562.30 4563.10: Sandstone , light grey N7; medium to very fine grained; poorly tomoderately sorted; subangular to subrounded; burrows < 0.5cm and


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soft sediment deformation; non calcareous. Gradational boundarywith interval below.

4563.10 4570.52: Sandstone , moderate yellowish brown 10YR5/4 to light grey N7;fine to medium grained; poorly to moderately sorted; subround tosubangular; occasional claystone laminations < 150 mm, burrows 20 units of sandstone andclaystone; sand very pale orange 10YR8/2, 1-4 cm thick, finegrained, well sorted, carbonaceous layer; burrows < 1cm; claystone,medium dark grey N4, laminated, 2-10 cm thick, and red brown?limonitic, mudstones. In the upper part disrupted, possibly byroots. Sharp contact with unit below.

5227.60 5231.50: Sandstone , pale yellowish brown 10YR6/2; coarse to mediumgrained; angular to subangular; poorly sorted; well cemented; cross bedded, fining upwards; very coarse grains at 5231.20-5231.50.Sharp contact with unit below.

5231.50 5232.20: Coal , black [N2], hard and fractured. Gradational contact with unit below.

5232.20 5234.30: Claystone , medium grey N5, disturbed by roots and sand grains.Gradual contact with unit below.

5234.30 5240.90: Sandstone , as 5199.60-5208.80, very light grey[N8] to mediumgrey [N5]; fine to coarse grained; poorly sorted; angular tosubangular; cemented; cross beds and fining upwards; pebbles at5236.80-5240.90.

5240.90 5241.80: Claystone , medium grey [N5]; rubble.

5241.80 Bottom of core 2.

d. Petrographic Descriptions

The samples selected for petrography from the cored intervals were sandstones.

The petrographic descriptions of the samples analyses are presented below and they arerepeated together with modal analysis data and photomicrographs, Plates 4-13 . Summariesof the petrographic data are provided, Figures 10 & 11 .


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CORE 1

4565.10 Subarkose Plate 4

Textures & CompositionA fine-grained, moderately sorted, sandstone classified as subarkose. The frameworkgrains are mainly quartz, with subordinate rock fragments [chert, metaquartzite, claystone,granitic and type, and siltstone], K-feldspar, and minor amounts of plagioclase. There areaccessories grains, including glauconite, muscovite, heavy minerals [tourmaline andzicon], altered grains, biotite and detrital chlorite. Carbonaceous material is confined tolaminae. Common detrital clay, which mainly occurs in laminae, but they are partiallydisrupted by bioturbation. Some ductile grains have deformed, resulting in formation of

pseudomatrix.

Cements & Replacements

Minor pyrite, which mainly occurs in association with carbonaceous material. Patchykaolinite and sparse sericite/illite occur as pore-filling cements and also as selective grain-replacive mineral. Thin overgrowths have developed on a few quartz and feldspar grains.Some grains have clay coatings.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity is moderate [9.2%] and the pore system is mainly primary intergranularwith fewer secondary pores. Some grains have dissolved resulting in formation of minorsecondary porosity. The pore spaces are locally infilled by dead oil.


Textures & CompositionMedium-grained, well sorted, sandstone classified as subarkose. Quartz grains prevailwith less common rock fragments [chert, metaquartzite, granitic type, siltstone, claystoneand schist], K-feldspar and minor plagioclase. Also present are muscovite, biotite, heavyminerals [tourmaline and zircon], and altered grains and traces glauconite. Detrital claylocally as interstitial matrix. Some ductile grains have deformed, as the result ofcompaction, creating minor pseudomatrix.

Cements & Replacements

Some quartz and feldspar grains have syntaxial overgrowths. Authigenic kaolinite, calciteand pyrite occur as pore-filling cements and as grain-replacive minerals. Occasional bariteis observed in intergranular pore spaces. Some grains are coated with clays.

Visible porosityVisible porosity is good [13.2%] and consists of intergranular and secondary pores. Somegrains have dissolved resulting in formation of some secondary porosity. Locally dead oilfills pore spaces.


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Sample

Depth feet

L i t h o s t r a

t i g r a p

h y

P e t r o

C h i n a

C o r e

N o .

P l a t e N u m

b e r

S E M

X R D

P e t r o g r a p

h y w

i t h

M o d a l

A n a l y s

i s

S a m p l e T y p e

Lithology

Core 1

4565.10 4 - Sandstone Subarkose


4582.50 6 Sandstone Subarkose

4599.00

1

7 - Calcareoussandstone Subarkose

Core 2



5203.20 10 - - ArgillaceoussandstoneSubarkose

wacke

5223.20 11 - Sandstone &

silty claystone Subarkose

5231.10 12 Sandyconglomerate na

5240.30

T a l a n g

A k a r

F o r m a t

i o n

2

13 - -

C o n v e n t

i o n a

l c o r e

Pebbly sandstone Subarkose

FIGURE 10: WELL SABAR-2ROCK DESCRIPTION ANALYSES & LITHOLOGIES


Textures & CompositionUpper medium-grained, well sorted, classified as subarkose. The dominant frameworkgrains are quartz, there is less common K-feldspar, rock fragments [metaquartzite, granitictype, chert, claystone and siltstone], and minor amounts of plagioclase, muscovite, biotiteand heavy minerals [tourmaline]. Detrital clay occurs in trace amounts only and is indispersed form. Some ductile grains have deformed, as the result of compaction, resultingin formation of pseudomatrix.


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Cements & ReplacementsCommon secondary minerals consisting of calcite, kaolinite, barite, siderite and pyrite.They occlude pore spaces and partially replace grains. Some grains are coated with clays.Syntaxial overgrowths have developed on a few quartz and feldspar grains.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity is good [13.6%]; the pores are intergranular and secondary types.Secondary porosity results from late stage dissolution of grains.


Textures & CompositionUpper very fine-grained, moderately sorted calcareous sandstone classified as subarkose,containing bioclasts [larger foraminifers and molluscs] in the range of 1.8-2.8mm. Quartz

grains prevail with less common K-feldspar and rock fragments [chert, claystone,metaquartzite, schist and granitic type], and traces plagioclase. Bioclasts are common,notably molluscan fragments, large foraminifers, fragments of bryozoans, echinodermsand red algae, smaller benthic and planktic foraminifers. Accessory grains includedglauconite, muscovite, biotite, heavy minerals [tourmaline and zircon] and altered grains.Carbonaceous organic material was also recorded. Widespread detrital clay, which occursas interstitial matrix.

Cements & ReplacementsCommon calcite and minor amounts of kaolinite, pyrite and dolomite occlude the porespaces and occur as selective grain-replacive minerals. Some quartz grains have syntaxial

overgrowths.

Visible porosityVisible porosity is poor [2.0%], due to the affects of cementation and the clay content.

CORE 2


Textures & Composition

Fine-grained, well sorted sandstone, classified as subarkose. Grains consist mainly ofquartz with subordinate rock fragments [chert, metaquartzite, claystone, granitic type,schist and siltstone], K-feldspar and plagioclase. Accessory grains are also present inminor amounts that include muscovite, heavy minerals [tourmaline and zircon] and alteredgrains. The clay matrix is locally confined to laminae, which is partially disrupted by

bioturbation.

Cements & ReplacementsSecondary minerals are low diversity and minor, including kaolinite, siderite and pyrite,which occur as replacements and as pore filling cements. Some quartz and feldspar grainshave secondary overgrowths.


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Visible PorosityVisible porosity is moderate to good [10.8%]; the pores are intergranular and secondarytypes, the latter being the result of the late stage dissolution of grains.


Textures & CompositionLower medium grained, well sorted, sandstone, classified as subarkose. Grains consistmainly of quartz with subordinate rock fragments [metaquartzite, chert, granitic type,claystone, siltstone and schist], K-feldspar and plagioclase. Accessory grains are also

present in minor amounts include muscovite, heavy minerals [tourmaline] and alteredgrains. Carbonaceous material is present. The clay matrix is distributed as local interstitialmatrix.

Cements & ReplacementsPatchy kaolinite occurs as partial replacement of feldspar grains and also infills pores.Pyrite occurs in the form of fine framboids, replacing some grains. Syntaxial overgrowthshave developed on some quartz and feldspar grains. Occasional clay coatings and sideriteare identified, but are rare.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity moderate to good [10.4%]. The pore system is intergranular andsecondary. In certain cases unstable grains have dissolved resulting in formation ofsecondary pores.

5203.20 Subarkose wacke Plate 10

Textures & CompositionUpper medium to lower coarse-grained, poorly sorted, argillaceous sandstone, classifiedas subarkose wacke. Grains are mostly quartz with subordinate K-feldspar and rockfragments [metaquartzite and granitic type]. Other grains include heavy minerals [zirconand opaques]. Clay matrix is abundant and occurs interstitial form, it is partially disrupted

by bioturbation.

Cements & ReplacementsSecondary minerals are of low diversity. Pyrite occurs in the form of fine cubes and isdispersed in the matrix. It also occurs as a selective grain-replacement. Kaolinite partiallyreplaces feldspar grains and fills some pores. Thin quartz overgrowths and siderite areidentified.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity is poor [1.6%]; the high clay content has a significant affect on the

porosity of the rock.


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Textures & CompositionUpper very fine-grained, moderately sorted, sandstone interbedded with silty claystone.The sandstone is classified as subarkose. The grains are mainly quartz with less commonrock fragments [chert, metaquartzite, schist and granitic type], and minor amounts of K-feldspar, plagioclase, muscovite, altered grains, heavy minerals [tourmaline] and detritalchlorite. Finely divided carbonaceous material is present. The claystone is silty; thedetrital clay has partially been replaced by microcrystalline siderite.

Cements & ReplacementsSecondary minerals are common. Kaolinite and quartz overgrowths occur as pore fillingcements. Siderite occurs as a microcrystalline replacement of the matrix. Pyrite occurs inassociation with carbonaceous material.

Visible porosityThe sandstone laminae have moderate to good visible porosity, which are of intergranularand secondary types, but the overall porosity is only moderate [6%] due to the high claycontent.

5231.10 Sandy conglomerate Plate 12

Textures & CompositionConglomerate containing granule to pebble sized grains with a matrix of fine to verycoarse sand. The degree of sorting is poor. The grains are mainly quartz and are

accompanied by rock fragments [metaquartzite, chert, siltstone, granitic type and schist],muscovite and heavy minerals [tourmaline]. The matrix consists of detrital clay and dark brown clay [possibly carbonaceous matrix].

Cements & ReplacementsKaolinite is common and fills intergranular pore spaces. Pyrite occurs as very fineframboidal crystals locally filling pores and it is also dispersed in the dark brown claymatrix. Sporadic siderite and sericite/illite are noted.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity is good [12%]. The pores are secondary and intergranular types.

Secondary porosity results from grain dissolution.


Textures & CompositionUpper coarse to lower very coarse-grained, poorly sorted, sandstone, classified assubarkose. Grains are composed mainly of quartz, they are accompanied by rockfragments [granitic type and metaquartzite] and K-feldspar. Trace muscovite. Commondetrital clay occurs as interstitial matrix.


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Cements & ReplacementsCommon kaolinite and minor amounts of sericite/illite, dolomite and siderite occur as

partial replacement of the grains and also infill pores. Quartz overgrowths and claycoatings on grains are also observed.

Visible PorosityVisible porosity is moderate [6.8%]. The pores are secondary, the result of unstable graindissolution

e. Laboratory Measured Gamma

The spectral core gamma is presented Enclosure 2 and the laboratory gamma shifts todownhole gamma are presented Appendix 3 .

The total laboratory gamma is displayed against downhole gamma, core analysis data,logged lithologies and depositional environment, Enclosure 1 .

The spectral gamma logger detects and records gamma radiation emitted from cores. Thecore material is placed on a conveyor, which moves the core at a constant rate past a

fixed gamma ray detector. The detector is a shielded scintillometer that distinguishes thegamma rays produced by the three most important natural sources of gamma radiation inrocks.

Recordings are API units vs core depth. Records of gamma-ray activity have beencorrelated with logs obtained by the downhole tool, thus enabling accurate positioning ofcore.

f. XRD Analyses

XRD analysis indicates that although the general mineralogy of all of the samples is verysimilar there are significant difference between the samples from Core 1 and Core 2.

Core 1

Quartz, 47%-78%, clays, 7%-16% and feldspars, 4%-8%, are the most common and persistent constituents of the three [3] samples from Core 1.

The clays recorded in each sample were illite, 2%-11%, and kaolinite, 3%-5%.

K-feldspar, 4%-10%, and plagioclase 1%, are present in all samples, which is in contrast tothe lower core where K-feldspar is less common.

Carbonate minerals are present in all samples, with calcite, 1%-35%, and dolomite, 1%. Thelowest sample, 4599.00, contains 35% calcite and is from a unit of bioturbated marinesandstones with bioclastic debris, which is rather different from the sandstones above.


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Core 2

Quartz, 55% and 82%, and clays, 18%-42% are the most common minerals from Core 2.

The clays identified were illite, 3% and 32%, and kaolinite, 10% and 15%. The high percentages of kaolinite in Core 2, relative to Core 1, are mirrored by the paucity of feldspars.

No carbonate minerals were identified.

It should be noted that there are sometimes differences in the minerals identified by petrography and XRD, and actual percentages will usually vary. This is at least in partdue to the inhomogeneity of most rocks and small size of samples used in the analyses.

ClayMinerals

%

CarbonateMinerals

%

Other Minerals% Total

No. Depth feet

S m e c

t i t e

I l l i t e

K a o

l i n i t e

C h l o r

i t e

C a l c i

t e

D o l o m

i t e

S i d e r i

t e

Q u a r t z

K - f e l

d s p a r

P l a g i o c

l a s e

P y r

i t e

C l a y

C a r

b o n a

t e

O t h e r

Core 1

1. 4565.10 - 11 5 - 1 1 - 72 8 1 1 16 2 82

2. 4582.50 - 2 5 - 2 1 - 78 8 1 - 7 6 87

3. 4599.00 - 6 3 - 35 1 - 47 4 1 2 9 37 54

Core 2

4. 5223.30 - 32 10 - - - 1 55 1 1 - 42 1 57

5. 5231.10 - 3 15 - - - tr 82 - - tr 18 tr 82

tr = traceFIGURE 12: WELL SABAR-2

RESULTS OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES

g. SEM Analyses

SEM analysis was carried out on the same core samples as petrography and XRD, and theresult are presented as photomicrographs together with comments on the features observedPlates 4-13 .

The SEM images highlight certain features of the rocks which are less well illustrated by petrography. For instance the presence of authigenic kaolinite is observed occluding pore

spaces and occurring as a selective grain replacement. Illite is identified as a pore-filling


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cement, as a grain coating and also replacing grains and matrix. Calcite, pyrite and quartzovergrowths are observed as occasional cements.

The pore interconnectivity is generally moderate to good, but locally it is poor due to the presence of the common authigenic cements and clay matrix, and the affects ofcompaction. The higher magnification images reveal the existence microporosity withinthe clays and authigenic minerals.

h. Diagenesis

Petrographic and SEM observations indicate the following diagenetic events for thesandstones:

1. Burial compaction, which caused a closer packing of grains.Further compaction, which reduced the porosity, and some ductile grain deformation,which resulted in formation of pseudomatrix.

2. Precipitation of fine framboids and cubes of pyrite, in pore spaces, in the matrix andalso in association with detrital organic material.

3. Precipitation of microcrystalline siderite, which occurs as a sporadic replacement ofthe matrix.

4. Deposition of clay coatings.Minor secondary clay coatings developed on grains.

5. Development of syntaxial quartz and feldspar overgrowths.

6. Precipitation of kaolinite and sericite/illite in intergranular pores and as a replacementof grains.

7. Precipitation of calcite and dolomite as intergranular cements and as replacements ofgrains.

8. Very localized precipitation of barite in pore spaces.

9. A late diagenetic stage, which resulted in formation of secondary porosity.

i. Depositional Environment & Lithofacies

Core 1

The core can be subdivided into:

4562.00-4583.30 , upper unit of fine-medium grained, moderately to well sorted, planar and cross bedded, sandstones, with periodic thin claystone beds.


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4583.30-4609.60 , lower unit of laminated and bioturbated claystones, withoccasional bioclastic debris and large septarian nodules, and three [3] units ofheavily bioturbated more sandy claystones to sandstones.

The boundary between the units is strongly erosional.

The claystones in the lower part were deposited in a marine environment. The presence ofthe benthic foraminifera, Ammonia spp, in the absence of deeper water forms, suggests aninner sublittoral regime with water depths of no greater than 50 m. The sandstones in thelower part sometimes contain a shallow marine ichnofauna, and may have been depositedas offshore bars, possibly distributary mouth bars.

The overlying sandstones do not show strong indications of fining upwards, except in thelowest part, but they are regarded as representing a distributary channel sequence, whichwas periodically interrupted by deposition of marine claystones, as indicated by the

occurrence of marine and brackish water palynomorphs.

Core 2

The core can be subdivided into:

5192.00-5197.30 , unit of fine-medium grained, moderately to well sorted, planarand cross bedded, sandstones, with periodic thin claystone laminae.

Lithology very similar to the upper part of Core 1. Sharp erosional boundary withunit below.

5197.30-5199.60 , unit of dark grey-black claystone and coals, with gradationalchange to the unit below.

5199.60-5209.20 , unit of medium to coarse massive sandstones, strongly affected by roots and near surface processes, gradual change to unit below.

5209.20-5220.55 , unit of claystones which are strongly affected by roots and nearsurface processes. In the lower part some claystones are very carbonaceous.

5220.55-5227.60 , cyclic alteration of >20 units of fine sandstones, laminated darkgrey claystones and red-brown ?limonitic mudstones. Disturbed by soft sedimentdeformation in the upper part.

5227.60-5231.50, sandstone, coarse, in part conglomeratic fining upwards, in partcross bedded.

5231.50-5234.30 , coal resting with transitional contact on grey claystone withroots.

5234.30-5240.90 , sandstone, coarse, in part conglomeratic fining upwards, in part

cross bedded. As 5227.60-5231.50 .


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5240.90-5241.80 , claystone, rubble.

The lower part of the core 5227.60-5241.80 is represented by high energy fluvial channelsandstones and an interval of coals and seat earth, possibly deposited in an abandonedchannel within the meander belt.

The cyclic unit, 5220.55-5227.60, appears to represent a period of deposition in a permanent or semi permanent lake, which was periodically invaded by fine sands at thetime of seasonal flooding or even as turbidites. Palynological analyses of two samplesfrom this interval yielded some brackish water palynomorphs indicating at least periodicmarine influence, although the occurrence of certain algal cysts is consistent with astanding body of freshwater.

The overlying unit, 5227.60-5197.30, comprises mainly fluvial overbank coals and seatearth clays which are severely disturbed by roots and surface processes. The top of the

unit appear to be a burrowed hard ground and is tentatively regarded as a Glossifungitessurface. The presence of a diverse marine and brackish water palynomorph assemblagewithin the claystones at 5197.80 suggests either that there were periodic marineinsurgencies at this time or that the palynomorphs were introduced from the unit above in

burrows.

The highest part of the core, 5192.00-5197.30 is represented by sandstones similar tothose described from the upper part of core 1, and as such they were presumably depositedin distributary channels.

The following lithofacies types are recognised in the cored intervals:

Lithofacies A: Fine to medium grained, some cross bedded sandstone ,Moderately to well sorted, with thinner grey claystone beds,occasional and diffuse clay layers or clay beds.4562.00 4583.00 and 5192.00 5197.30.

Marine - transitional, channel to distributary channel,with marine influence

Lithofacies B: Bioturbated claystone, sandy claystone & sandstoneGrading from one to the other. Shallow marine ichnofacies.Some septarian nodules.4583.00 4609.60.

Marine, subtidal, inner neritic and bar.

Lithofacies C: Coal Black, occasional roots.5197.30 5199.60 and 5231.50 5232.20.

Swamp, non marine


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Lithofacies D: Cyclic units of sandstone & claystone ,Medium grey and thinner red-brown ?limonitic claystone,interbedded with thin fine grained sandstones5220.55 5227.60

Fluvial overbank flood plain lacustrine with sandstones introducedat times of flooding or by turbidites.

Lithofacies E: Sandstone disturbed by rootsLight grey, bedding distributed by roots; affected by surface

processes.5199.60 5209.20

Fluvial overbank flood plain soil sequence.

Lithofacies F: Mottled claystone disturbed by roots ,Varicoloured, sometimes carbonaceous, clays severely distributed

by roots.5209.20 5220.55 and 5232.20 5234.30

Fluvial overbank flood plain soil sequence.

Lithofacies G: Sandstone , coarse grained to conglomeratic, poorly sorted, arkosic,sometime cross bedded and fining upwards.Thickest units 5234.30 5240.90 and 5227.60 5231.50.

Fluvial channel, high energy

j. Reservoir Properties

Petrographic analysis identifies that there are significant differences between the reservoirquality of the sandstones from Core 1 and Core 2, although in both cases there are primaryintergranular and also secondary pores. SEM analysis recognized the existencemicroporosity associated with clays and authigenic minerals, especially kaolinite.

Core 1

Measured helium porosities ranged from 5.7% to 27.2%, for the upper part of the corealthough only two [2] of the twenty two [22] measurements were below 20%.Permeabilities to air ranged from 0.355 md to 900 ms, although nineteen [19] of thetwenty two [22] measurements were greater than 250 md.

The reservoir properties of the bioturbated sands in the lower part of the core weresignificantly reduced when compared with the upper part of the core. Measured helium

porosities ranged from 5.6% to 7.7%, for the four [4] samples, while permeabilities to airranged from 0.422 md to 9.27 md.


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The four [4] higher petrography samples exhibit more consistent reservoir quality thanthose from Core 2, with porosities averaging over 12%. The lowest sample, 4599.00, fromthe bioturbated sandstones contained a significant amount of calcareous material and the

porosity is severely occluded. Bioturbation which is prevalent in the lower cores usuallyhas a negative impact on reservoir quality.

Porosity reduction in the samples is the result of the affects of compaction, and the relativeamounts of matrix and cements, especially kaolinite.

Core 2

Measured helium porosities ranged from 1.8% to 25.9%, with fifteen [15] of the twentyeight [28] measurements above 15%, for the sandstones. Permeabilities to air ranged from0.005 md to 620 md, although only three [3], 5227.90-5229.10, were 300md or greater,and twelve [12] were less than 1 md. It is important to note that the types of sandstone

were more variable than in Core 1, and as such the measurements were more variable. Inthis context the results could be considered more specifically in terms of the variouslithofacies present.

The six [6] petrography samples exhibit more variable reservoir quality than those fromCore 1, ranging from 1.6% to 10.8%, by modal analysis.

Porosity reduction in the samples is the result of the affects of compaction, and the presence of the amounts of matrix, especially detrital clays, and cements, especiallykaolinite.


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V. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY[FORAMINIFERA, CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS& PALYNOLOGY]

a. Introduction

Biostratigraphical analyses were carried out on selected samples from Cores 1 and 2 inorder to provide information on the age and depositional environments.

Core number Interval Analysis No.

Conventional micropalaeontology[including foraminifera]

6+ 4 extra

1 4562.50-4609.50Calcareous nannofossils 6+ 4 extraConventional micropalaeontology[including foraminifera] 0

Calcareous nannofossils 02 5197.80-5226.50

Palynological 4

Standard techniques were used for the preparation of the samples for the various types ofanalysis.

Both cores were, according to PetroChina, drilled in the Talang Akar Formation , whichon regional evidence ranges in age from basal Early Miocene to Oligocene or even LateEocene.

The biostratigraphic evidence for dating the sample from the cores though proved weak. Nannofossil and palynological evidence suggest a basal Early Miocene age for core 1, butcore 2 could not be dated due to the absence of age diagnostic taxa.

b. Conventional Micropalaeontology

Core 1:

Interval: 4562.50 - 4609.50

The five [5] samples from the higher part of the core, 4562.50 and 4577.50, were barren ofmicrofauna and as such no age determination was possible from this type of analysis.

The five [5] samples from the lower part of the core, 4584.00 and 4609.50, yielded amono specific benthic foraminiferal fauna, Ammonia spp., which very tentatively suggestsan age of no older Early Miocene. Planktic foraminifera were recorded in one of the

petrographic thin sections, 4599.00, but the species could not be determined.


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Core 2:

Interval: 5197.80 - 5266.50

Due to what was regarded as unfavourable lithologies no foraminiferal analyses werecarried out on samples from the lower core.

c. Calcareous Nannofossils

Core 1:

Interval: 4562.50 - 4609.50

The five [5] samples from the higher part of the core, 4562.50 and 4577.50, were barren ofnannofossils and as such no age determination was possible from this type of analysis.

The six [6] samples from the lower part of the core, 4584.00-4609.50, yielded mainlysparse nannofloral assemblages, comprising mainly long ranging taxa, which suggest anage of no older than Early Miocene.

The occurrence of rare and poorly preserved specimens of Cyclicargolithus cf. abisectus and Triquetrorhabdulus cf. carinatus , in the absence of older species, indicates a probableNN1 zonal age.

Core 2:

Interval: 5197.80 5266.50

Due to what was regarded as unfavourable lithologies no nannofossil analyses werecarried out on samples from the lower core.

d. Palynology

Core 2:

Interval: 5197.80 - 5266.50

The palynofloras recorded in the samples between 5197.80 and 5226.50 were poorly preserved and are less abundant and diverse than in the samples from the higher core. Noage diagnostic taxa were recorded.

e. Depositional Environments

The depositional environments of the samples examined are interpreted from theabundance and diversities of fossils recorded. The following information and conclusionsare incorporated with sedimentological data in the previous section of the report.


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Core 1: Interval: 5197.80 - 5266.50

Interval: 4562.50 4577.50 Marine - Transitional[lower delta plain]

The five [5] samples analysed were barren of foraminifera and nannofossils, but two [2]samples did contain rare marine palynomorphs, together with brackish water taxa, includingmangrove pollen, which suggest a shallow marine or possibly lower delta plain environment.

Interval: 4584.00 - 4609.50 Marine, inner sublittoral

The lower five [5] lower samples yielded restricted assemblages of foraminifera andnannofossils indicating deposition in a marine environment. The foraminiferalassemblage was restricted to Ammonia spp., which suggests a shallow marine, innersublittoral, regime. Marine macrofossil debris, including echinoderms, bryozoans and

bivalves, were sporadically recorded in the whole core by petrography.Palynological analysis was carried out on three [3] samples, which yielded a moderatelydiverse assemblage of marine and brackish water taxa, which confirm deposition in a marineenvironment.

Core 2: Interval: 5192.00 - 5241.80

No foraminiferal or nannofossil analyses were carried out on samples from Core 2.

Sample: 5197.80 Marine, probably inner sublittoral

The sample contained a moderately diverse assemblage of marine palynomorphs and brackish water taxa indicating that deposition of the claystone took place in a marineenvironment but it is possible that they were introduced as the result of borings fromabove. If the former is correct then there was presumably a transgressive episodesubsequent to the deposition of coals.

Sample: 5214.00 Probably supralittoral

The sample contained only rare land derived palynomorph and such a supralittoral

depositional regime is indicated.

Samples: 5219.20, 5224.00, 5266.50 Supralittoral,with sporadic brackish incursions

The flora recovered from the three [3] samples is rather similar. Land derived pollen andspores are dominant, but the presence of rare brackish water taxa and freshwater algalcysts suggests that there may have been periodic brackish water incursions and thatoccasionally freshwater lakes became established.


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S a m p l e

D e p

t h

f e e

t T y p e o f

A n a

l y s e s

S a m p l e

T y p e

L i t h o l o g i c a

l D e s c r i p t

i o n s

P l a n k

t i c

F o r a m

i n i

f e r a

Z o n e

C a l c a r e o u s

N a n n o f o s s i

l

Z o n e

P a l y n o l o g

i c a l

A s s e m

b l a g e

Z o n e

A g e

D e p o s

i t i o n a

l

E n v

i r o n m e n

t

4562.50 F/N Sst, carb.4570.60 F/N Sst, Clyst, carb.

4573.00 F/N Sst, Clyst, carb.

4574.20 F/N Sst, clyst, carb.

4577.50 F/N Clyst, Sst carb. I n d e t e r m

i n a t e

[ B a r r e n

]

I n d e t e r m

i n a t e

[ B a r r e n

]

I n d e t e r m

i n a t e

[ ? E

. M i o c e n e

]

4584.00 F/N Clyst, carb.



4603.00 F/N Clyst, silty, carb.

4504.70 N Clyst, carb

4609.50 F/N

C o r e

1

Sst, carb. N o t o l

d e r

t h a n

N 4

P r o

b a b l y

N N 1

N o t z o n e

d

E a r

l y M i o c e n e

M a r

i n e ,

i n n e r s u

b l i t t o r a

l

- T r a n s

i t i o n a

l [ m a r

i n e - c o n t

i n e n

t a l ]

GAP5197.80 P Sst, carb.

5219.20 P Clyst, carb.

5224.00 P Sst, clyst, carb.

5226.00 P C o r e

2

Sst, clyst, carb. N o a n a l y s e s

N o a n a l y s e s

N o t z o n e

d

I n d e t e r m

i n

a t e

S u p r a l

i t t o r

a l

i n p a r t

t r a n s i

t i o n a l

Shaded column = additional data samples analysed Analyses: F = Conventional micropalaeontology, N = Nannofossil, P = Palynology

N. A. = Not analysed, NYT = Not younger than

FIGURE 13: WELL SABAR-2BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY


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FM

HMC.100m

C.40m

Beach

Delta

Tidal Flat

Tidal Channel

C.200m

LE

U E

L i m i t o f T i d a l I n f l u e n

c e

[ N E R I T I C ]

M A R I N E

T R A N S I T I O N A L

[ B R A C K I S H ]

C O N T I N E N T A L

[ F R E S H W A T E R ]

S U B L I T T O R A L

L I T T O R A L

S U P R A

L I T T O R A L

B A T H

Y A L

H O L O M A R I N E / F L U V I O M A R I N E

[ S U B T I D A L ]

I N T E R T I D A L

A L L U V I A L

P L A I N /

S U P R A T I D A L

I N N E R

[ P R O X I M A L ]

O U T E R

[ D I S T A L ]

I N N E R

M I D D L E

O U T E R

PT. GEOSERVICES (LTD)Ge olog ic a l & La b o ra to ry Se rvices Divisio n

CLASSIFICATION O F DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

NEOGENE CLASTIC SEQUENCESOF SOUTHEAST ASIA


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CLASSIFICATION OF BENTHIC ENVIRONMENTS

1. Middle Sublittoral informal termfor deep Inner Sublittoral.

2. 2000m + is considered Lower Bathyal - Abyssal3. Sublittoral = Neritic

Modified from Hedgpeth [1957]

M A R I N E

S U B L I T T O R A L

CONTINENTAL TRANSITIONAL

SUPRA -LITTORAL

LITTORAL [INTERTIDAL]

INNER OUTER I N N E R O U T E R

B A T H Y A L

M I D D L E

UPPER LOWER

Upper limit of saline influence

Level of lowtides

100m

500m

2000m

200m

Mean sea level

P.T. GEOSERVICES [LTD.]Geological & Laboratory Services Division

FIGURE 15


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47/209


T A B L E S


48/209


49/209


50/209



to Air

HeliumPorosity Saturation

SampleID

Depth feet

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambient%

NOB%

FluidPorosity

% Oil% pv

Water% pv

GrainDensity

g/cc

205 5196.30 171 160 21.6 20.9 21.9 3.1 36.9 2.65 Sst ylgy f-m mhd mo206 5197.10 43.1 38.1 20.1 19.1 21.2 2.6 38.7 2.69 Sst ylgy m-crs mhd p207 5198.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Coal208 5199.70 0.432 0.212 10.6 10.0 10.6 2.1 60.4 2.70 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po209 5200.30 0.321 0.206 9.8 8.9 10.0 3.1 69.2 2.70 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po210 5201.10 0.129 0.112 8.5 7.1 8.6 0.0 70.0 2.68 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po211 5202.10 0.622 0.087 6.2 5.4 7.5 0.0 85.1 2.66 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po212 5203.20 0.191 0.018 3.8 3.4 4.0 0.0 87.3 2.67 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po213 5204.10 2.06 0.531 12.9 11.6 11.3 5.3 62.0 2.65 Cgl ltgy m-crs vhd po214 5205.30 3.74 0.867 14.8 13.4 14.2 4.7 55.0 2.65 Cgl ltgy m-crs vhd p215 5206.20 0.123 0.007 8.5 7.4 9.5 2.3 69.6 2.65 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po216 5207.10 0.594 0.069 6.2 5.2 8.1 2.7 74.1 2.67 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd po217 5208.20 1.31 1.04 6.6 5.7 8.3 3.8 72.6 2.66 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd p218 5209.00 0.301 0.028 5.3 4.5 7.0 3.1 80.0 2.65 Sst dkgy m-crs vhd p219 5210.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto220 5211.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis clayst221 5212.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto222 5213.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto223 5214.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto

224 5215.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto225 5216.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto226 5217.20 0.006 0.001 1.7 1.3 -- -- -- 2.67 Siltstn gy qz mfic m227 5218.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto228 5219.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto229 5220.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claysto230 5221.00 1.09 1.08 13.4 12.2 11.2 7.1 71.4 2.70 Sst ylgy f-m vhd wel231 5222.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac


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to Air

HeliumPorosity Saturation

SampleID

Depth feet

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambient%

NOB%

FluidPorosity

% Oil% pv

Water% pv

GrainDensity

g/cc

232 5223.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac233 5224.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac234 5225.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac235 5226.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac236 5227.80 300 285 23.6 22.6 23.9 0.9 40.1 2.65 Sst ylgy m-crs soft p237 5228.10 622 573 24.9 23.8 24.7 0.9 35.6 2.66 Sst ylgy m-crs soft p238 5229.10 542 477 25.9 24.4 25.2 1.2 32.6 2.65 Sst ylgy m-crs soft p239 5230.60 34.0 29.8 16.1 15.3 19.9 1.1 42.1 2.65 Cgl motld m-crs hd p240 5231.10 14.2 7.19 13.4 12.0 15.6 0.0 55.2 2.65 Cgl m-crs hd poorsrt241 5232.40 0.005 0.001 3.6 2.6 5.8 3.8 69.4 2.65 Sst gy f-m vhd pyr c242 5233.10 0.020 0.002 1.8 1.6 2.4 4.1 74.5 2.66 Sst gy f-m vhd pyr c243 5234.10 0.041 0.004 4.1 3.9 5.7 0.0 75.5 2.69 Sst motld m-crs vhd 244 5235.60 1.44 0.513 15.4 14.2 16.6 1.3 48.2 2.69 Cgl motld m-crs hd p245 5236.10 12.3 11.4 18.5 17.3 17.2 1.3 45.3 2.65 Sst ltgy f-m mhd mo246 5237.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble247 5238.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble248 5239.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble249 5240.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble250 5241.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble

268 5241.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble

TABLE 1: WELL SABAR-2POROSITY & HORIZONTAL PERMEABILITY AT AMBIENT & NOB CONDITIONS, SATURATIO& GRAIN DENSITY


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53/209



to Air

VerticalPermeability

to Air

HeliumPorosity Sample

IDDepth feet

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambient%

NOB%

GrainDensity

g/cc

129 4590.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone130 4591.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone131 4592.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone132 4593.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone133 4594.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone134 4595.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone135 4596.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone136 4597.00 1.20 0.544 -- -- 7.7 7.0 2.72 Sst ltgy f-m vhd modsort 137 4598.40 0.749 0.369 -- -- 6.6 5.9 2.71 Sst ltgy f-m vhd modsort q138 4599.20 9.27 2.93 0.316 0.135 5.6 5.1 2.71 Sst ltgy f-m vhd modsort q139 4600.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone140 4601.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone141 4602.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone142 4603.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone143 4604.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone144 4605.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone145 4606.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone146 4607.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone147 4608.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone148 4609.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone

149 4609.60 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystoneCORE 2

201 5192.10 12.6 8.99 2.89 2.04 17.9 17.0 2.65 Sst ltgy f-m hd modsrt qz a202 5193.10 31.6 28.9 3.47 1.87 19.4 18.7 2.65 Sst ltgy f-m hd modsrt qz c203 5194.10 1.01 0.623 0.065 0.018 13.4 12.6 2.65 Sst dkgy f-m vhd modsrt q204 5195.00 7.42 6.35 0.765 0.201 16.0 15.2 2.67 Sst dkgy f-m vhd modsrt q205 5196.30 171 160 103 95.4 21.6 20.9 2.65 Sst ylgy f-m mhd modsrt q206 5197.10 43.1 38.1 15.6 13.0 20.1 19.1 2.69 Sst ylgy m-crs mhd poorsr


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to Air


to Air


IDDepth feet

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambient%

NOB%

GrainDensity

g/cc

207 5198.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Coal208 5199.70 0.432 0.212 0.090 0.072 10.6 10.0 2.70 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt q209 5200.30 0.321 0.206 0.050 0.032 9.8 8.9 2.70 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 210 5201.10 0.129 0.112 0.068 0.031 8.5 7.1 2.68 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 211 5202.10 0.622 0.087 0.955 0.092 6.2 5.4 2.66 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 212 5203.20 0.191 0.018 0.354 0.055 3.8 3.4 2.67 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 213 5204.10 2.06 0.531 0.694 0.286 12.9 11.6 2.65 Cgl ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 214 5205.30 3.74 0.867 -- -- 14.8 13.4 2.65 Cgl ltgy m-crs vhd poorsr215 5206.20 0.123 0.007 0.043 0.028 8.5 7.4 2.65 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 216 5207.10 0.594 0.069 0.305 0.047 6.2 5.2 2.67 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 217 5208.20 1.31 1.04 0.396 0.030 6.6 5.7 2.66 Sst ltgy m-crs vhd poorsrt 218 5209.00 0.301 0.028 1.15 0.006 5.3 4.5 2.65 Sst dkgy m-crs vhd poorsr219 5210.10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone220 5211.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone221 5212.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone222 5213.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone223 5214.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone224 5215.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone225 5216.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone226 5217.20 0.006 0.001 -- -- 1.7 1.3 2.67 Siltstn gy qz mfic min vca

227 5218.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone228 5219.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone229 5220.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis claystone230 5221.00 1.09 1.08 1.22 1.02 13.4 12.2 2.70 Sst ylgy f-m vhd wellsrt qz231 5222.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac232 5223.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac233 5224.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac234 5225.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac


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to Air


to Air


IDDepth feet

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambientmd

NOBmd

Ambient%

NOB%

GrainDensity

g/cc

235 5226.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Sst lam clystn frac236 5227.80 300 285 141 127 23.6 22.6 2.65 Sst ylgy m-crs soft poorsrt237 5228.10 622 573 44.0 38.4 24.9 23.8 2.66 Sst ylgy m-crs soft poorsrt238 5229.10 542 477 84.2 71.1 25.9 24.4 2.65 Sst ylgy m-crs soft poorsrt239 5230.60 34.0 29.8 11.1 8.64 16.1 15.3 2.65 Cgl motld m-crs hd poorsr240 5231.10 14.2 7.19 2.57 1.08 13.4 12.0 2.65 Cgl m-crs hd poorsrt qz gr241 5232.40 0.005 0.001 0.010 0.004 3.6 2.6 2.65 Sst gy f-m vhd pyr cmted242 5233.10 0.020 0.002 0.005 0.001 1.8 1.6 2.66 Sst gy f-m vhd pyr cmted243 5234.10 0.041 0.004 0.021 0.002 4.1 3.9 2.69 Sst motld m-crs vhd cmted244 5235.60 1.44 0.513 0.354 0.168 15.4 14.2 2.69 Cgl motld m-crs hd poorsrt245 5236.10 12.3 11.4 3.26 2.45 18.5 17.3 2.65 Sst ltgy f-m mhd modsrt q246 5237.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble247 5238.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble248 5239.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble249 5240.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble250 5241.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble268 5241.80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- No analysis rubble

TABLE 2: WELL SABAR-2HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL PERMEABILITY, HELIUM POROSITY AT AMBIENT & NOB CONDGRAIN DENSITY


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HorizontalAt AmbientPermeability

to air

Horizontalat NOB

Permeabilityto air


to air

HeliumPorosity

SampleID

Depth feet

maxmd

90 degmd

maxmd

90 degmd

Ambient%

NOB%

Ambient%

NOB%

GrainDensity

g/cc

1 4565.50-4566.00 651 422 518 345 101 60,5 23,0 22,4 2,65 Sst ylgy m-cr

2 5192.50-5193.00 30,9 24.6 26.6 21.5 3,47 1,00 16.8 16.4 2,66 Sst lt brn f-m

3 5203.50-5204.00 3,87 3.66 0.376 0.367 4,60 0,377 11.8 11.2 2,67 Cgl ltgy m-crs

4 5230.00-5230.50 554 535 493 466 111 80,2 16,0 15,1 2,66 Cgl dk brn m-

5 5235.00-5235.50 4,05 3.68 1.09 0,992 1,63 0,206 12.7 12.1 2,65 Cgl ylgy m-cr

6 5237.80-5238.30 3,98 1.51 0.651 0.181 4,60 0,317 14,7 13.8 2.65 Cgl ylgy m-cr

TABLE 3: WELL SABAR-2FULL DIAMETER HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL PERMEABILITY,POROSITY & GRAIN DENSITY AT AMBIENT & NOB CONDITIONS


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SampleNo.

Depth feet

Phi fraction

K airmd

Phi[z] RQImicrons

Theta r FZImicrons

HUNumber

121 4582.50 0.211 1576 0.27 2.72 1.47 2.73 10.16 1120 4581.10 0.240 2171 0.31 2.99 1.47 3.01 9.49 1118 4579.00 0.258 2469 0.35 3.07 1.46 3.09 8.82 1119 4580.10 0.258 2332 0.35 2.99 1.45 3.01 8.59 1112 4573.10 0.234 1472 0.31 2.49 1.45 2.51 8.15 1110 4571.10 0.268 2134 0.37 2.80 1.44 2.82 7.64 1108 4569.10 0.267 1841 0.36 2.61 1.43 2.63 7.16 1114 4575.10 0.268 1604 0.37 2.43 1.42 2.46 6.65 1109 4570.10 0.234 863 0.31 1.91 1.41 1.93 6.22 1115 4576.20 0.221 634 0.28 1.68 1.40 1.71 5.94 1

106 4567.30 0.247 948 0.33 1.95 1.40 1.97 5.94 1116 4577.10 0.272 1325 0.37 2.19 1.40 2.22 5.85 1111 4572.10 0.242 792 0.32 1.80 1.40 1.83 5.64 1113 4574.60 0.227 608 0.29 1.62 1.39 1.65 5.53 1117 4578.10 0.263 974 0.36 1.91 1.39 1.94 5.36 1102 4563.20 0.238 510 0.31 1.45 1.36 1.49 4.67 1237 5228.10 0.249 541 0.33 1.46 1.35 1.50 4.43 1101 4562.20 0.236 402 0.31 1.30 1.34 1.33 4.18 1107 4568.20 0.218 280 0.28 1.13 1.33 1.16 4.05 1105 4566.10 0.217 253 0.28 1.07 1.32 1.11 3.87 1238 5229.10 0.259 466 0.35 1.33 1.31 1.38 3.82 1

236 5227.80 0.236 285 0.31 1.09 1.30 1.14 3.55 1205 5196.30 0.216 160 0.28 0.85 1.26 0.90 3.10 2103 4564.20 0.201 118 0.25 0.76 1.25 0.80 3.03 2239 5230.60 0.161 29.93 0.19 0.43 1.15 0.47 2.23 2240 5231.10 0.134

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2010 0104 Sabar 2 RoutineScalPetroBiost