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April 7, 2009

..

Dry Air InsulatedDry Air Insulatedea an ypeea an ype

Vacuum Circuit BreakerVacuum Circuit Breaker

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

HVB AE Power Systems,Inc.

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2. Development of VCB Technology

. .

4. Comparison of Life Cycle Cost (GCB vs. VCB)

.

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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History of VCB

1900s Vacuum Tube 1920s Vacuum Breaker Research

1950,60s VCB Gained Momentum

Replaced a lot of ABBs and OCBs Main y Limite to MV eve

2000s Economic HV VCB Development

Dry Air HV VCBs (environmentally-friendly)

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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Evolution of VCB Technology

Contact Materials (Cu-bi, Cu-W, WC-Ag, Cu-Cr, new Cu-Cr)

Advanced Multi-physics Software Makes

sophisticated design possible

Spiral / Radial Magnetic Field (RMF) vs. AMF

Mechanism Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Spring, Magnet

Live Tank vs. Dead Tank

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

r v . u - r

Insulation Medium: SF6 vs. Dry Air

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Japan AE Power Systems JV Hitachi

Meidensha (located in Numazu city)

Factory in Numazu

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Development of VCB & VI *AMF : Axial Magnetic Field

2000 2005 2010985 1990 1995975 1980ear - 1960 1970 2000 2005 2010985 1990 1995975 1980ear 1960 1970

Dawn of VCBDevelopment of

HV VCB Phase 1

Development of

materialExpansion in medium voltage

class in the field of

material, application &

manufactureing

AMF*

Development of

HV VCB Phase 2

X-ray Tube

Vacuum tube

36kV-25kA

VCB 72.5Single Break72.5kV Dry Air

New 72.5kV Dry Air Dead

Tank 1-Break

168kV SF6 2-Break

145kV-25kA Mobile type

- Items - Vacuum Switch

10kV 600A

145kV DoubleBreak

168kV DoubleBreak

145kV Dry Air Single Break

120kV SF6 1-Break

Dead Tank type

High Voltage Ceramic VI

Glass Envelope

Spiral Electrode

Ceramic Envelope

AMF Electrode

Compact Type

Operating

MechanismMagnetic

Hydraulic

Motor Charged Spring

Pneumatic

Glass Envelope VI

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

Ceramic Envelope VI

Spiral Electrode AMF Electrode

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Evolution of VI Electrode material,configuration & Manufacturing

2010985 1990 1995975ear 1970 19801960 2000 2 005

Dawn of VCB

Development of

materialExpansion in midle voltage

class in the field of

material a lication &

AMF*X-ray Tube

Material Cu-Bi Type Cu-Cr Type

Development of New AMF

ElectrodeFor VCB

- Items -

HV VCB Phase1 manufactureingDevelopment of

HV VCB Phase2

Configuration

of Electrode Cu-WAg-WC (Low Switching Surge Type) New CuCr Material

Innovations & establish of the Facility Automate the FacilitiesManufactureing

For VS (Vacuum Switch)

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

Assembly works arecarried out in clean rooms

Ceramic type VIs arebrazed in vacuum furnaces Automatic dimensional inspection

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Basic Research1970 1985 1990975 1980Year -1960 2000 2005 2010995

Observation ofArcing Vacuum Arc AMF Arc- Items -

Dawn of VCBDevelopment of

HV VCB Phase1

materialxpans on n m e vo age

class in the field of

material,application,&

manufactureing

AMF*

Development of

HV VCB Phase2

X-ray Tube

Vacuum tube

Vacuum ArcVacuum Arc

(High-Speed

Movie)

AMF

New

Materials

Voltage/

Post Arc

Current

(Spiral Electrode)

(AMF Electrode)

Measurments

Switching

SurgeReactor Motor

Surge Simulation

Guidelines on Surge Protection

Voltage sharing in multi Break VCB Stabilization of

dielectric Stren th

Optimization on Electrical Field

Adaption of HV-VCB

Strength

Measurement

Testing

Measuring techniques on

Circuit transients

Vacuum Chamber &

Data Processing

EmissionCurrent & Emission Site

Simulation Techniques on Circuit & Electro-Magnetic Field

Techniques on Conditioning

Electrification of Ceramic Envelope

Vapor Evaporation fromDroplet

Observation ofPartial discharge

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

10000 flames/secinverted image

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Vacuum Monitoring Technology

1990 1995975Year 1970 1985 2000 2005 20101960 1980Year

Dawn of VCBDevelopment of

HV VCB Phase 1

Development of

materialExpansion in midle voltage

class in the field of

material,application,&

manufactureing

AMF*

Development of

HV VCB Phase 2

X-ray Tube

Vacuum tube

Electrical Field Detection

with Capacitive divider

Electromagnetic Wave detectionwith distinctive circuit

Vacuum Monitor

Vacuum CheckerOnly at Inspection

Electromagnetic Wave

detection

- Items -

On-line VacuumMonitoring System

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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72.5kV Dr Air InsulatedVacuum Circuit Breaker

Insulating medium: Dry air

Technology ofea an

e wor s rsDry Air Insulated Dead Tank Type VCB

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

Environmentally-friendlyNo SF

6

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What is Dr Air InsulatedDead Tank Type VCB?acuum

Interrupter

Interru ter:

Conductor

Vacuum Interrupter

Insulating medium:

Earthedtank Dry Air

Dry Air

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.Interrupters in earthed tank

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Wh Dr Air?SF6: High GWP (Global WarmingPotential

GWP: A measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gasis estimated to contribute to global warming. Relative

Gas GWP

sca e compare to 2. e ower t e etter.

2 ar on ox e

CH4 (Methane) 23

N2O (Nitrous oxide) 296CF4 (Tetrafluoromethane) 5700

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

SF6 (Sulfur hexafluoride) 22200

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Structure - Outline -

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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Structure - Inner structure -Bushing

VIBCT

Pressing

mechanism

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.Tank

Operating

mechanism Dry air

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Structure - Photo -

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

Bushings in the above photo

are for heavy pollution.

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Performance

Type NBOA-60732BA

Ratings

.

Rated frequency 50/60 Hz

Rated normal current 2000 A

Rated lightning impulse withstandvoltage

350 kV

- - - - .

Rated short-circuit breaking current 31.5/40 kA

Rated break time 3 cycles

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

Rated duration of short circuit 3 s

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Performance

Rated pressure 72.5 psig (0.5 MPa-g)

Mass without CTs 3750 lbs (1700 kg)

Applicable standard ANSI C37.06-2000

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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Capacitor Switching

(1) Without adopting CLR (Current limitingreactor), the 72.5kV VCB guaranteescapacitive current switching ratings:

O verhead Line C urrent (O HL) 20AC bl C 125Aable Current 125ACapacitor Bank Current 88A(equivalent 10M VA)

(2) For current over above limits, CLR of atleast 6% of the capacitor reactance is

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

recommended.

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Advantages -1-

Long lifeWithout internal inspection, VCB

is capable of:

(1)10,000 mechanical

(2) 20 interruptions of rated

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

ow e yc e os

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Advantages -2-

Low temperatureLiquefaction temperature of air:

-170 C at 72.5 psig (-274 F at 0.5 MPa-g.)

Applicable ambient temperature without tankheater:

-50 to 40 C (-58 to 104 F)Tank heater is not needed.

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.Low Life Cycle Cost

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Advantages -3-

High performance-

arc extinguishing

characteristics.

due to multiple lightningstrokes and handle evolvin

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

faults

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Advantages -4-

No need to handle possible Toxicecompose 6 y-pro uc s n .

Interru tin medium: Insulatin medium:vacuum dry air

-with Dry Air Insulated VCB.

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.Insulating gas can be released in the air.

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GCB vs. VCB

72.5 kV Dead Tank Circuit Breaker

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Maintenance CategoryType of Maintenance GCB VCB

Patrol Inspection

- Visual inspection

Weekly to monthly Weekly to monthly

Ordinary Inspection

- Visual inspection items

- Operating test

- Insulation resistance check

Every 6 years

or

500 operations

Every 6 years

or

2500 operations

- Lubrication

Detailed Maintenance

- Ordinary inspection items

- Re lacement of consumable arts

12 years 12 years

Overhaul- Overhaul of the breaker chamber

Gas treatment

10 times of full shortcircuit current breaking

or

20 times of full shortcircuit current breaking

or

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

mechanism

Replacement of main contacts

or

After 24 years

or

After 24 years

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Com arison ofMaintenance Cycle

YearsOperating Condition: "C-O" operation > 2000 per 12 years

Maintenance to be performed

GCB VCB

1 year Patrol Inspection Patrol Inspection

(more than 1x CO per 2 days)

3 years Ordinary Inspection None

6 years Ordinary Inspection Ordinary Inspection

9 years Ordinary Inspection None

12 years Overhaul Detailed Maintenance15 years Ordinary Inspection None

18 years Ordinary Inspection Ordinary Inspection

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

21 years Ordinary Inspection None

24 years Retirement Retirement

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Com arison ofRunning Cost for Tank Heaters

Liquefaction temperature ofair:- . .

(-274 deg.F at 0.5 MPa-g)

Applicable ambient temperature withouttank heater:

- to eg. - to eg.

Initial cost and electricit bill for tank heater

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

can be saved.

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Com arison ofMaintenance Cost

400450500

GCB with Tank Heater

GCB

250300350

st(%)

VCB

Overhaul due to

100150200250

ainte.c 2000 operations

050100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24(year)

Tank heater operation: 4 months per year, 0.048$/kWh (Ave. rate of industrial sector in US)

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Conclusions

SF6-free, environmentally friendly

Superior interrupting capability and

No tank heated needed at 50C

Ease of maintenance as a DTB

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

w y

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Summary

Cutting-Edge Dead Tank VCB Technology

72.5 kV Dry Air Insulatedea an ype

Non-SF6 Low life cycle cost

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.

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Questions and Comments??

HVB AE Power Systems, Inc.