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General Characteristics of protists Animal-like protists: heterotrophs Protozoa 4 phyla Characteristics Movement, contractile vacuole Any light sensory adaptations Body plan characteristics Any with shells—what shell is made of General life cycle of plasmodium\relate to malaria - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists
General Characteristics of protists Animal-like protists: heterotrophs
– Protozoa 4 phyla Characteristics
– Movement, contractile vacuole– Any light sensory adaptations– Body plan characteristics – Any with shells—what shell is made of
General life cycle of plasmodium\relate to malaria
Fungus-like protists– Spores– Some aboeboid-like movement– heterotrophs
Plant-Like protists Unicellular Phytoplankton plankton
base of food chain, oxygendinoflagellates
Red tides/neurotoxins/algae bloom Euglena—mixotroph Oxygen and food importance (base of aquatic food chain)
Multicellular algae--seawead– Names of 3 phylum– Main pigments in each– Which is most like land plants and why– Cold\warm water; deep water?; any used commercially
MISC. TERMINOLOGY: Heterotroph Autotroph mixotroph Contractile vacuole Eyespot Spore Malaria
– plasmodium– Female Anopholes mosquito
Red tides. Dinoflagellates, algae bloom Symbiont—termite & symbiont protist
HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTSHETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS
CHAPTER 19 PROTISTSCHAPTER 19 PROTISTS
Major groups– Characteristics– Ecological Niches– Human Diseases
Major source of oxygen!!!
What is a protist?What is a protist?
EukaryotesUnicellular and multicellular**The only kingdom of eukaryotes with
both autotrophs and heterotrophsMost diverse of all kingdomsMostly aquatic
Protist VarietyProtist Variety
Animal-like—ProtozoaPlant-like—AlgaeFungus like-Water molds and Slime Molds
Evolutionary RelationshipsEvolutionary RelationshipsAncestors of
– Fungi AnimaliaAnd
–Plant Kingdoms
Animal-likAnimal-likProtozoaProtozoa HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS
The Plant-like are Autotrophic The Plant-like are Autotrophic ProtistsProtists
Homework-due WednesdayHomework-due Wednesday
19.1: #2,4,519.3: #119.2: #1
Protozoa animal-like protists-Protozoa animal-like protists-““FIRST ANIMALSFIRST ANIMALS””
65, 000 KINDSPredators or ParasitesA few cause disease in humansCategorized Based On Type of Locomotion4 main groups
4 Protozoa Groups (Phyla):
1. Rhizopoda (sarcodina) (pseudopods)
2. Zoomastigina (flagellated)
3. Ciliophora (cilliates)
4. Sporozoa (Complex life cycle)
Phylum Rhizopoda Phylum Rhizopoda (sarcodina)(sarcodina)
AmoebasMostly marineAsexual reproduction
Heterotrophspseudopods
AmoebaAmoeba
2 groups of amoebas have 2 groups of amoebas have shellsshells
MarineExtend pseudopods through shells
1. Foraminiferans– Calcium carbonate shells– Foraminiferan tests build up and – form limestone or chalk – (e.g. White Cliffs of Dover)
::White Cliffs of Dover White Cliffs of Dover
22. Phylum . Phylum ZoomastiginaZoomastigina
Movementflagella Whip from side to sideSome parasites, some
helpful
Trichonympha : symbiont in termite gut, digests cellulose
Covered with flagella.
3. Phylum Ciliophora3. Phylum Ciliophora
Cilia: Short, hair-like structures
– movement, feeding
Cilia-beat in synchronized fashion
Example: ParameciumExample: ParameciumMultinucleated
Oral Groove
Gullet
Anal Pore
-Contractile vacuole
ParameciumParameciumReproduction
– Usually asexually-divide crosswise– Also sexual via Conjugation; exchange genetic
material., separate, then each divides in two Low food supply or poor environmental conditions
4. Phylum Sporozoa4. Phylum SporozoaProduce sporesParasitesComplex life cycleAdults have no form of movement
Diseases Caused by SporozoansDiseases Caused by Sporozoans
Malaria--Plasmodium
Toxoplasmosis
Malarial organism: Malarial organism: PlasmodiumPlasmodium
Transmitted by FEMALE Anopheles mosquito.
Complex life cycle: 2 hosts
Sexual reproduction in mosquito–Lives part in humans (mammals)
Asexual reproduction-in mammals-spores
Transmission of Transmission of Plasmodium & life cyclePlasmodium & life cycle
19.2 Algae: Plant-like Protists19.2 Algae: Plant-like ProtistsSingle-celled and Multi-celledSingle-celled and Multi-celled
All are Photosynthetic – Some Unicellular- planktonic– Some Multicellular- 3 phyla –The Seaweeds
All Contain chlorophyll—as well as other photosynthetic pigments used to classify Multicellular
Phylum EuglenophytaPhylum Euglenophyta UNIQUE--Both plant and
animal-like characteristics--may be heterotrophic –
Photosynthesis– chloroplasts– Photosensitive Eyespot
Contractile vacuole Flagella freshwater
Single-celled algae :Single-celled algae : The The phytophytoplanktonplankton
Drift on/in waters– Shelled:
The Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
– No shells—single-celled Chlorophyta
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
Cell walls – thick cellulose plates2 flagellaMost marineSome produce toxins-neurotoxinRed tides
Phylum ChlorophytaPhylum Chlorophyta
Single-celled green algae
Ancestors of all land plantsFreshwater and marineFur of slow moving animals– tree slothsChlorophyll A & B; cellulose, starch
Multicellular algae--SeaweedMulticellular algae--Seaweed
Accessory pigments distinguish themStructure
– Thallus—the body– Holdfast( anchor)
Multicellular green algae- Multicellular green algae- 1. Phylum Chlorophyta1. Phylum Chlorophyta
Most like true plants:
Like land plants- they have: cellulose, starch, chlorophyll A & B
2. Phylum Rhodophyta2. Phylum Rhodophyta
Phychobilin pigment deep water –Uses: –1.Carageenan from cell wall
–Used as Food thickener and stabilizer
2.sushi wrapper (Nori)–3.Agar-Micro labs
3.Phylum Phaeophyta3.Phylum Phaeophyta Brown algae
– Marine; cold water like Pacific Ocean
Fucoxanthin-brown pigment
Kelp-largest (Pacific) Sargasum ( common
in Atlantic)
Fungus-Like ProtistsFungus-Like Protists
Reproduce by sporesheterotrophic
Water MoldsWater Molds Also cause disease in fish
B. Downy MildewB. Downy Mildew
Many plant diseases Irish potato famine
– Blight 0f 1840’s