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Prepared for NEADA By. 2008 National Energy Assistance Survey. NEADA Winter Meeting February 3, 2009 Jackie Berger. Background. 2003 NEA Survey Baseline survey LIHEAP recipients in 20 states Energy needs (beyond bill payment) Importance of LIHEAP. 2. Background. 2005 NEA Survey - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2008 National Energy Assistance Survey
NEADA Winter Meeting
February 3, 2009
Jackie Berger
Prepared for NEADA By
Background
• 2003 NEA Survey– Baseline survey– LIHEAP recipients in 20 states– Energy needs (beyond bill payment)– Importance of LIHEAP
2
Background
• 2005 NEA Survey– Follow-up with 2003 respondents– Issue: not all current LIHEAP recipients– Cannot project to LIHEAP population
3
2008 Survey
• LIHEAP recipients in 12 states
• 3 states were not able to participate and were replaced
• Energy needs and importance of LIHEAP
• Change in circumstance over the past year
• Comparison to 2003 Survey
4
States Surveyed
5
California Maine New York
Delaware Minnesota North Carolina
Georgia Montana Ohio
Iowa New Mexico Pennsylvania
Survey Topics
• Screener – eligibility for survey
• Experience with energy assistance– When received, how often received, plans to apply
next year
• Actions taken to meet energy expenses– Constructive– Sacrifices: housing, food, health, utility service
6
Survey Topics
• Energy Insecurity– Worry about energy bills, reduced expenses– Borrowed, skipped paying energy bill– Close off part of home, left home, unsafe
temperature– Use stove or oven for heat– Threatened with service termination, shut off– Access to heating and air conditioning
7
Survey Topics
• Change in Circumstance– Energy bills– Financial situation
• Impact of LIHEAP– Would you have experienced some of these problems if
LIHEAP had not been available?– How important has LIHEAP been in helping you meet
your needs?
• Demographics
8
Methodology
• Use of state LIHEAP databases– Samples selected by APPRISE or state office staff– Stratification by vulnerable group and poverty level
• Telephone survey– Fielded 9/30/08 – 11/3/08– 1,256 completed interviews– Response rate ranged from 41% in NY to 73% in OH
9
Demographics
10
Household Characteristics
11
Percent of Respondents
Senior 43%
Disabled 50%
Children under 6 18%
Children under 18 40%
Nonvulnerable 7%
Own Home 50%
Income Sources
12
Percent of Respondents
Employment Income 30%
Retirement Income 40%
Public Assistance 37%
Non Cash Benefits 59%
Poverty Level
13
Poverty LevelPercent of
Respondents
0% - 50% 17%
51% - 100% 46%
101% - 125% 18%
126% - 150% 10%
>150% 6%
Missing Income 2%
Health
14
Health Insurance
15
Percent of Respondents
Entire Household 70%
No one in Household 10%
Health Conditions
16
All Senior DisabledChild
Under 18
Non-Vulnerabl
e
Health Condition*
70% 80% 80% 63% 42%
Medical Equipment Uses Electricity
24% 20% 32% 31% 3%
*Health conditions included asthma, emphysema, COPD, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or stroke.
Health Status
17
All Senior DisabledChild
Under 18
Non-Vulnerabl
e
Excellent 6% 4% 2% 11% 5%
Very Good 15% 13% 8% 20% 22%
Good 31% 27% 23% 34% 51%
Fair 31% 36% 40% 26% 18%
Poor 16% 19% 27% 10% 3%
Don’t know/ Refused
<1% <1% <1% 0% 2%
Energy Costs
18
Energy Costs
19
Percent of Respondents
< $500 3%
$501 - $1,000 10%
$1,001 - $1,500 13%
$1,501 - $2,000 15%
Over $2,000 36%
Don’t Know/ Refused 24%
Energy Burden
20
Pre-LIHEAP
Post-LIHEAP
≤ 5% 11% 25%
6% - 10% 28% 30%
11% - 15% 21% 21%
16% - 20% 16% 10%
21% - 25% 9% 6%
>25% 14% 8%
Mean Energy Burden
21
All Senior DisabledChild
Under 18
Non-Vulnerabl
e
Pre-LIHEAP 16% 14% 17% 16% 19%
Post-LIHEAP 12% 11% 12% 13% 14%
Change in Energy Bills
22
Percent of Respondents
Same 24%
Lower 13%
Higher 49%
Don’t Know/ Refused 13%
Change in Difficulty Paying Energy Bills
23
Percent of Respondents
Same 42%
More Difficult 43%
Less Difficult 9%
Don’t Know/ Refused 5%
Increased Difficulty Paying Energy Bills
24
Reasons for Increased Difficulty Paying Energy Bills
Main Reason (Unprompted)
Reasons (Prompted)
Increased Energy Bill 50% 87%
Lower Income/ Lost Job 37% 75%
Increased Medical Expenses 2% 57%
Increased Prescription Cost <1% 54%
Increased Property Taxes <1% 43%
Increased Rent <1% 38%
Higher Gasoline Costs 0% 88%
Unaffordable Energy Bills: Signs and Responses
25
Signs of the Problem
26
2003 2008
Worried About Paying Home Energy Bill 72% 72%
Reduced Expenses for Household Necessities 78% 80%
Borrowed from a Friend or Relative 46% 43%
Signs of the Problem
27
All Children ≤50%
Worried About Paying Home Energy Bill
72% 86% 84%
Reduced Expenses for Household Necessities
80% 85% 92%
Borrowed from a Friend or Relative
43% 63% 69%
Constructive Actions
28
2003 2008
Winter
Put plastic on windows 44% 48%
Turn down heat when you go to bed 76% 85%
Summer
Keep shades closed in daytime 83% 88%
Use fans and open windows 78% 80%
Other Actions
Wash clothes in cold water 65% 73%
Use CFLs 44% 66%
Responses to the Problem
29
2003 2008
Closed off Part of Home 39% 44%
Kept Home at Unsafe or Unhealthy Temperature 25% 28%
Left Home for Part of the Day 24% 23%
Used Kitchen Stove or Oven to Provide Heat 31% 33%
Responses to the Problem
30
All Children ≤50%
Closed off Part of Home 44% 37% 47%
Kept Home at Unsafe or Unhealthy Temperature
28% 32% 29%
Left Home for Part of the Day 23% 27% 28%
Used Kitchen Stove or Oven to Provide Heat
33% 40% 42%
Inability to Pay Energy Bills
31
2003 2008
Skipped Paying Energy Bill 52% 47%
Received Disconnect Notice 38% 37%
Electricity Shut Off 8% 9%
Inability to Pay Energy Bills
32
All Children ≤50%
Skipped Paying Energy Bill 47% 70% 68%
Received Disconnect Notice 37% 57% 57%
Electricity Shut Off 9% 15% 18%
Energy Sacrifices
33
Unable to Use Heat
34
2003 2008
Heating System Broken 10% 13%
Unable to Pay for Fuel Delivery 10% 13%
Electric or Gas Service Shut Off 11% 13%
Unable to Use Heat
35
All Children ≤50%
Heating System Broken 13% 15% 20%
Unable to Pay for Fuel Delivery 13% 18% 14%
Electric or Gas Service Shut Off 13% 18% 20%
Unable For Any of 3 Reasons 28% 38% 39%
Unable to Use Air Conditioning
36
2003 2008
Air Conditioning Broken 12% 12%
Electric Service Shut Off 6% 7%
Unable to Use Air Conditioning
37
All Children ≤50%
Air Conditioning Broken 12% 14% 14%
Electric Service Shut Off 7% 11% 15%
Unable to Use AC due to Either of 2 Reasons
17% 23% 27%
Other Sacrifices
38
2003 2008
Lack of Hot Water – Went Without Showers/Baths
9% 10%
Lack of Cooking Fuel – Went Without Hot Meals 5% 7%
Lack of Lights – Used Candles or Lanterns 8% 7%
Other Sacrifices
39
All Children ≤50%
Lack of Hot Water –
Went Without Showers/Baths10% 17% 15%
Lack of Cooking Fuel –
Went Without Hot Meals7% 12% 11%
Lack of Lights –
Used Candles or Lanterns7% 12% 15%
Housing, Financial, and Medical Problems
40
Housing Problems (Past 5 Years)
41
2003 2008
Did Not Make Full Rent or Mortgage Payment 28% 28%
Evicted from Home or Apartment 4% 4%
Moved in with Friends or Family 9% 11%
Moved into Shelter or Was Homeless 4% 3%
Housing Problems (Past 5 Years)
42
All Children ≤50%
Did Not Make Full Rent or Mortgage Payment
28% 44% 37%
Evicted from Home or Apartment 4% 6% 7%
Moved in with Friends or Family 11% 15% 18%
Moved into Shelter or Was Homeless 3% 5% 9%
Financial Problems (Past 5 Years)
43
2008
Obtained a Payday Loan 15%
Forced into Bankruptcy 3%
Financial Problems (Past 5 Years)
44
All Children ≤50%
Obtained a Payday Loan 15% 26% 18%
Forced into Bankruptcy 3% 4% 4%
Medical and Health Problems (Past 5 Years)
45
2003 2008
Went Without Food for At Least One Day 22% 32%
Went Without Medical or Dental Care 38% 42%
Did not Fill Prescription / Took Less Than Full Dose
30% 38%
Unable to Pay Energy Bill Due to Medical Expenses 20% 21%
Became Sick Because Home was Too Cold 21% 24%
Became Sick Because Home was Too Hot 7% 6%
Medical and Health Problems (Past 5 Years)
46
All Children ≤50%
Went Without Food for At Least One Day 32% 36% 39%
Went Without Medical or Dental Care 42% 48% 46%
Did not Fill Prescription / Took Less Than Full Dose
38% 42% 40%
Unable to Pay Energy Bill Due to Medical Expenses
21% 28% 24%
Became Sick Because Home was Too Cold 24% 33% 39%
Became Sick Because Home was Too Hot 6% 8% 9%
LIHEAP and Other Assistance
47
LIHEAP Receipt
48
2003 2008
Recalled Receipt of LIHEAP 84% 86%
Received LIHEAP in Each of Past Five Years 21% 26%
Plans to Apply for LIHEAP in Coming Year 83% 88%
Payment ArrangementsWith Utility Companies
49
Tried to Work Out Payment Arrangement In Past Year
Was Able to Work Out Payment Arrangement
All LIHEAP RecipientsThose Who Tried to Work Out Payment Arrangement
54% 84%
Fuel Fund or Social Service Assistance
50
Contacted Fuel Fund or Social Services Agency
Fuel Fund or Social Services Agency Was Able to Help
Those Who Tried to Work Out Payment Arrangement
Those Who Contacted Fuel Fund or Social Services Agency
50% 72%
Fuel Fund or Social Service Assistance
51
Applied for LIHEAP Assistance
Received Assistance From LIHEAP
Those Who Tried to Work Out Payment Arrangement
Those Who Applied for LIHEAP
67% 75%
Fuel Fund or Social Service Assistance
52
LIHEAP or Agency Assistance Was Sufficient to Prevent Electric or Gas Service Termination
Those Who Tried to Work Out Payment Plan
Those Who Applied for Assistance
Those Who Received Assistance from
LIHEAP or Social Services
55% 69% 87%
Importance of LIHEAP
53
Would Have Faced Problems Without LIHEAP
54
2003 2008
Worried About Paying Home Energy Bill 66% 77%
Kept Home at Unsafe or Unhealthy Levels 54% 63%
Had Electricity or Home Heating Fuel Shut Off 48% 59%
LIHEAP Helped Restore Heat
55
Restored Heat Due to Electric/Gas
Shut Off
Restored Heat Due to Fuel Running Out
Restored Heat Due to Broken
Equipment
51% 64% 63%
Importance of LIHEAP
56
LIHEAP Is Very Important
2003 2008
All 86% 90%
Senior 83% 88%
Disabled 89% 91%
Child 86% 91%
Summary
• Update of national LIHEAP survey
• Increase in problems faced by LIHEAP recipients since 2003 survey
• Greatest difficulty reported by households with children and poverty level <=50%
• Increased importance of LIHEAP
• Increased reliance on LIHEAP
57