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8/3/2019 2008 301 Ocean Energy
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Ocean Renewable Energy:
Overview & Progress
Moo-Hyun Kim
Professor
Ocean Engineering Program
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Texas A&M University
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Fossil Fuels
US oil consumption = 25%
US oil production = 3%
More than 70% oil imported
Energy Independence: #1 Economy, Security
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Ocean Renewable Energy
Wave
Wind
Current
Tide
OTEC
Salinity (Osmotic Pressure)
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Ex. Relative Cost (cents/kwh)
Coal & Oil 3-5
Nuclear 11-14
Hydro 4-10
bio 6-11
Wind 5-7 (6-8)
Wave 7-9
Solar 10-15
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Wave & tidal power distribution
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Man-made Tidal Energy Plant
France La Rance dam and typical turbine/generator
configuration: environmental concern
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Natural Tidal-Current Energy
Promising West Coast Sites
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Natural Current Power: Korea
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2TW of energy, the equivalent of twice the worlds electricity production, couldbe harvested from the worlds oceans
Wave Enegy Resource
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Wave Energy Conversion
Fixed Oscillating Water ColumnFloatingAttenuator
Floating Overtopping Floating
Point
Absorber
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Land-based OWC
Oscillating Water Column
Islay, Scotland
http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://owc-exp2d.wmv/http://owc-exp2d.wmv/http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmv8/3/2019 2008 301 Ocean Energy
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Wind Energy
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2007 Wind Energy Use
Worldwide Wind Total=74 GW
Less than 1% of the global electricity use
Rapidly Growing Green-Wind Industry:
Annual Growth Rate = 25%
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Winner of 2006: US, Ger, India, Spain
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Texas Wind Energy Projection
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Wind Energy Pros & Cons
Pros
Endless/renewable
No CO2 Emission
No Land Space (Offshore)
No cooling, No pollution, No waste
Cons
Noise, Shade, Unsightly, Birds
Survive? Severe Environment (Offshore)
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Wind-Energy Turbine
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Feasibility/Economy grows with bladesize
Blade Dia(m)
Hub height(m)
Power (MW) Ref (# ofhomes)
70 55 1.6 500
100 70 3.6 1200
120 80 5 1600
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What 500-MW Wind-E Farm Can Do!
Provide clean energy for 160K homes
Eliminating (per year)
- 60-mil lb of CO2(leading green-house gas)- 130K lb of NOx (main comp. of smog)- 300K lb of Sulfur Dioxide (leading precursor of
acid rain)
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Why Offshore Wind-Farm? Future
Stronger-steadier quality wind (20-30% better
wind, 30-40% more cost) More space
Easier regulatory approval
Less noise constraint (operable at higher speed)
No visual pollution
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Offshore Wind Energy: stronger-steadier
REpower - Scotland Norskhydro - Norway
Fixed (tower) 44m depth Floating (spar) >200m
5mw 3mw demo unit underway
126m rotor diameter 90m rotor diameter
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Various Types of Floating WF
St t f Off h Wi d
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Status of Offshore Wind
Offshore ~900 MW of 75,000 MW+ world-wide less than2%
11,000 MW+ offshore is projected for 2010
Sweden
3%
Netherlands
2%
Ireland
3%
Germany
1%
Denmark53%
United
Kingdom
38%
United States
5%
France
1%
Canada
6%
Belguim
2%
Poland
1%
Finland
2%
Denmark
3%
Germany
49%
Ireland
6%
Netherlands
2%
Sweden
4%
Spain
4%
United Kingdom
15%
Current Future - 2010
Wind Energy Cost Trends
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Wind Energy Cost Trends
1981: 40 cents/kWh
Increased Turbine Size
R&D Advances
ManufacturingImprovements
2007: 5 - 9 cents/kWh
2012: 3.6 cents/kWh?
2007: 9-12 cents/kWh
2014: 5 cents/kWh
Multi-megawatt Turbines
High reliability systems
Infrastructure Improvements
Land-based
Class 4
Offshore
Class 6
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KEY: Synergy & Storage3 times more valuable if provided on demand
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Synergy with Fish Farm
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Structural Failure!
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Floating Wind-F: Dynamic/Fatigue Failure
Rotor dynamics and control
Platform motions and mooring dynamics
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Questions?
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