2007 United Nations World Urbanization Propects_Highlights_web

E c o n o m i c &

World Urbanization Prospects The 2007 Revision

Highlights

United Nations New York

S o

c i a

l A f f a

i r s

ESA/P/WP/205 February 2008

English only Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division

World Urbanization Prospects The 2007 Revision

Highlights

United Nations New York, 2008

DESA The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Na-tions Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the eco-nomic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The De-partment works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, gener-ates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovern-mental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerg-ing global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.

Note The designations employed in this report and the material pre-sented in it do not imply the expression of any opinion what-soever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. This publication has been issued without formal editing.

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PREFACE

The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs at the United Nations Se-cretariat is responsible for providing the international community with up-to-date and scientifically objective in-formation on population and development. The Population Division provides guidance to the United Nations General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, and the Commission on Population and Development on population and development issues and undertakes regular studies on population levels and trends, population estimates and projections, population policies, and population and development inter-relationships.

The Population Division’s work encompasses the following substantive areas: the study of mortality, fertility, international and internal migration, including their levels and trends as well as their causes and conse-quences; estimates and projections of the distribution of the population between urban and rural areas and in cit-ies; estimates and projections of population size, age and sex structure, and demographic indicators for all coun-tries of the world; the documentation and analysis of population and development policies at the national and in-ternational levels; and the study of the relationship between socio-economic development and population change. This report presents the highlights of the 2007 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects including the official United Nations estimates and projections of urban and rural populations for major areas, regions and countries of the world and of all urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007. The data in this Revision are consistent with the total populations estimated and projected according to the medium variant of the 2006 Revision of the United Nations global population estimates and projections, published in World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision1. This Revision updates and supersedes previous estimates and projec-tions published by the United Nations. Wall charts entitled Urban Agglomerations 2007 and Urban and Rural Areas 2007 will also be issued in 2008. A CD-ROM containing major results of the 2007 Revision can be purchased from the Population Divi-sion. A description of the databases and an order form are given on pages 63-66 of this publication and are also posted on the Population Division’s web site at www.unpopulation.org. All basic data and a complete list of data sources can be retrieved from an on-line database at the same web site. This publication may also be accessed on the website of the Population Division at www.unpopulation.org. For further information about the 2007 Revision, please contact the office of Ms. Hania Zlotnik, Director, Population Division, DESA, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA; tel.: (1 212) 963-3179, fax: (1 212) 963-2147.

1World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, vol. I, Comprehensive Tables (United Nations publication, Sales No.

E.07.XIII.2).

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CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................................. iii EXPLANATORY NOTES ............................................................................................................................................. vii HIGHLIGHTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 SOURCES OF DATA................................................................................................................................................... 13 DATA IN DIGITAL FORM ......................................................................................................................................... 63 ORDER FORM ........................................................................................................................................................... 66

TABLES

No.

1. Total, urban and rural populations by development group, selected periods, 1950-2050......................... 3 2. Percentage urban by development group, selected periods, 1950-2050 ................................................... 4 3. Total, urban and rural populations by major area, selected periods, 1950-2050 ...................................... 5 4. Percentage urban by major area, selected periods, 1950-2050 ................................................................. 5 5. Population distribution of the world and development groups, by area of residence and size class of urban settlement, 1975, 2007 and 2025 .................................................................................................... 9 6. Population of urban agglomerations with 10 million inhabitants or more, 1950, 1975, 2007 and 2025... 10 7. Population of urban agglomerations with 10 million inhabitants or more in 2007 and their average annual rates of change, selected periods, 1975-2025................................................................................ 11 8. Government views on the spatial distribution of the population, 2007 .................................................... 12

FIGURES

1. Urban and rural population of the world, 1950-2050 ............................................................................. 2 2. Urban and rural populations, by development group, 1950-2050 .......................................................... 3 3. Percentage of the population in urban areas, 2007, 2025 and 2050........................................................ 6 4. Distribution of the world urban population by major area, 1950, 2007 and 2050 .................................. 7

ANNEX TABLES A.1. Population of urban and rural areas at mid-year and percentage urban, 2007................................... 69 A.2. Percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areas by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 74 A.3. Urban population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050.................................. 84 A.4. Rural population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050................................... 94 A.5. Total population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ................................... 104

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No. Page

A.6. Average annual rate of change of the urban population by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 114 A.7. Average annual rate of change of the rural population by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 124 A.8. Average annual rate of change of the total population by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 134 A.9. Average annual rate of change of the percentage urban by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 144 A.10. Average annual rate of change of the percentage rural by major area, region and country, 1950-2050 ......................................................................................................................................... 154 A.11. The 30 largest urban agglomerations ranked by population size, 1950-2025 ................................... 164 A.12. Population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025 ......................................................................................................................................... 168 A.13. Population of capital cities in 2007 ................................................................................................... 180 A.14. Average annual rate of change of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025 ............................................................................................................ 184

A.15. Percentage of the urban population residing in each urban agglomeration with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025........................................................................................... 196 A.16. Percentage of the total population residing in each urban agglomeration with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025........................................................................................... 208 A.17. Urban population, number of cities and percentage of urban population, by size class of settlement, major area and region, 1975-2025 .................................................................................. 220

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EXPLANATORY NOTES The following symbols have been used in the tables throughout this report:

Two dots (..) indicate that the item is not applicable. Three dots (...) indicate that data are not available or are not separately reported. An em dash (—) indicates that the value is zero (magnitude zero). 0 or 0.0 indicates that the magnitude is not zero, but less than half of the unit employed. A minus sign (-) before a figure indicates a decrease. A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals. Years given start on 1 July. Use of a hyphen (-) between years, for example, 1995-2000, signifies the full period involved, from 1 July of

the beginning year to 30 June of the end year. Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. References to countries, territories, areas and urban locations

The designations employed and the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its au-thorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

The designations “more developed” and “less developed” regions are intended for statistical convenience and do not nec-essarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The term “country”, as used in this publication, also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.

More developed regions comprise all regions of Europe plus Northern America, Australia/New Zealand and Japan. The term “developed countries” is used to designate countries in the more developed regions.

Less developed regions comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan) and Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The term “developing countries” is used to designate countries in the less developed regions.

The group of least developed countries, as defined by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003, comprises 50 coun-tries, of which 34 are in Africa, 10 in Asia, 1 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 5 in Oceania.

Country names and the composition of geographical areas follow those of “Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.3), available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.

Names of cities or urban agglomerations are presented in their original language, following the names used by National Statistical Offices or the United Nations Demographic Yearbook. For cities with names in more than one language, dif-ferent names are separated by a hyphen. If the country uses script with non-Latin characters, a transliteration of the origi-nal spelling into Latin script is used. If cities have established alternative names or English names, these names are added in brackets. The administrative subdivision to which a city belongs is appended, if needed, to the city name to identify the city unambiguously.

For convenience, the term “growth rate” is used in this report instead of the more precise term “rate of change” which reflects that populations can grow or decline.

The following abbreviations have been used: DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs SAR Special Administrative Region HDI Human Development Index

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For analytical purposes, the following country groupings have been used:

CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY MAJOR AREA AND REGION OF THE WORLD

Africa

Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Western Africa

Burundi Angola Algeria Benin Comoros2 Cameroon Egypt Burkina Faso Djibouti Central African Republic Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Cape Verde Eritrea Chad Morocco Côte d’Ivoire Ethiopia Congo Sudan Gambia Kenya Democratic Republic of the Tunisia Ghana Madagascar Congo Western Sahara Guinea Malawi Equatorial Guinea Guinea-Bissau Mauritius3 Gabon Southern Africa Liberia Mozambique São Tomé and Príncipe Mali Réunion Botswana Mauritania Rwanda Lesotho Niger Seychelles Namibia Nigeria Somalia South Africa Saint Helena4 Uganda Swaziland Senegal United Republic of Tanzania Sierra Leone Zambia Togo Zimbabwe

Asia

Eastern Asia South-central Asia5 South-eastern Asia Western Asia

China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Armenia China, Hong Kong SAR Bangladesh Cambodia Azerbaijan China, Macao SAR Bhutan Indonesia Bahrain Democratic People’s India Lao People’s Democratic Cyprus

Republic of Korea Iran (Islamic Republic of) Republic Georgia Japan Kazakhstan Malaysia Iraq Mongolia Kyrgyzstan Myanmar Israel Republic of Korea Maldives Philippines Jordan Nepal Singapore Kuwait Pakistan Thailand Lebanon Sri Lanka Timor-Leste Occupied Palestinian Tajikistan Viet Nam Territory Turkmenistan Oman Uzbekistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen

2 Including the island of Mayotte. 3 Including the islands of Agalega, Rodrigues, and Saint Brandon. 4 Including the islands of Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. 5 The regions Southern Asia and Central Asia are combined into South-Central Asia.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES (continued)

Europe

Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe

Belarus Channel Islands6 Albania Austria Bulgaria Denmark Andorra Belgium Czech Republic Estonia Bosnia and Herzegovina France Hungary Faeroe Islands Croatia Germany Moldova Finland7 Gibraltar Liechtenstein Poland Iceland Greece Luxembourg Romania Ireland Holy See Monaco Russian Federation Isle of Man Italy Netherlands Slovakia Latvia Malta Switzerland Ukraine Lithuania Montenegro Norway8 Portugal Sweden San Marino United Kingdom of Great Serbia Britain and Northern Slovenia Ireland9 Spain

The former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia10

Latin America and the Caribbean

Caribbean Central America South America

Anguilla Belize Argentina Antigua and Barbuda Costa Rica Bolivia Aruba El Salvador Brazil Bahamas Guatemala Chile Barbados Honduras Colombia British Virgin Islands Mexico Ecuador Cayman Islands Nicaragua Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Cuba Panama French Guiana Dominica Guyana Dominican Republic Paraguay Grenada Peru Guadeloupe Suriname Haiti Uruguay Jamaica Venezuela (Bolivarian Martinique Republic of) Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

6 Including the islands of Guernsey and Jersey. 7 Including Åland Islands. 8 Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands. 9 Also referred to as United Kingdom. 10 Also referred to as TFYR Macedonia.

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Northern America

Bermuda Canada Greenland Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon United States of America

Oceania

Australia/New Zealand Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia

Australia11 Fiji Guam American Samoa New Zealand New Caledonia Kiribati Cook Islands Papua New Guinea Marshall Islands French Polynesia Solomon Islands Micronesia Niue Vanuatu (Federated States of) Pitcairn Nauru Samoa Northern Mariana Islands Tokelau Palau Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands

Sub-Saharan Africa

Angola Côte d'Ivoire Kenya Nigeria Swaziland Benin Democratic Republic Lesotho Réunion Togo Botswana of the Congo Liberia Rwanda Uganda Burkina Faso Djibouti Madagascar Saint Helena United Republic Burundi Equatorial Guinea Malawi São Tomé and Príncipe of Tanzania Cameroon Eritrea Mali Senegal Zambia Cape Verde Ethiopia Mauritania Seychelles Zimbabwe Central African Repub- Gabon Mauritius Sierra Leone Chad Gambia Mozambique Somalia Comoros Ghana Namibia South Africa Congo Guinea Niger Sudan Guinea-Bissau

11 Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island.

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Least developed countries

Afghanistan Gambia Rwanda Angola Guinea Samoa Bangladesh Guinea-Bissau São Tomé and Príncipe Benin Haiti Senegal Bhutan Kiribati Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Lao People’s Democratic Republic Solomon Islands Burundi Lesotho Somalia Cambodia Liberia Sudan Cape Verde Madagascar Timor-Leste Central African Republic Malawi Togo Chad Maldives Tuvalu Comoros Mali Uganda Democratic Republic of the Congo Mauritania United Republic of Tanzania Djibouti Mozambique Vanuatu Equatorial Guinea Myanmar Yemen Eritrea Nepal Zambia Ethiopia Niger

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division 1 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

HIGHLIGHTS

Since 1988 the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Na-tions has been issuing every two years revised and updated estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations of all countries in the world and of their major urban agglomerations. This note presents the main findings of the 2007 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects which are consistent with the size of the total population of each country as estimated or projected in the 2006 Revision of World Population Prospects (United Nations, 2008).

The 2007 Revision presents estimates and projections of the total, urban and rural populations of the world

for the period 1950-2050. The results are shown for development groups, six major areas (i.e., Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Northern America and Oceania) and 21 regions. Data are further disaggregated for the 229 countries or areas of the world. The 2007 Revision also provides estimates and pro-jections of the population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007 for the period 1950-2025. Estimates of the proportion of the population living in urban areas and the population of cities are derived on the basis of national statistics. The most common source of data on the proportion urban and the population of cities and urban agglomerations is the population census. For some countries, the basic data are obtained from population registers or administrative statistics.

The 2007 Revision corroborates that the world population will reach a landmark in 2008: for the first time

in history the urban population will equal the rural population of the world and, from then on, the world popu-lation will be urban in its majority. This event is a consequence of rapid urbanization in the last decades, es-pecially in the less developed regions. Nevertheless, major parts of the world remain largely rural. In Africa and Asia, still six out of every ten persons live in rural areas.

Between 2007 and 2050, the world population is expected to increase by 2.5 billion, passing from 6.7 bil-

lion to 9.2 billion (United Nations, 2008). At the same time, the population living in urban areas is projected to gain 3.1 billion, passing from 3.3 billion in 2007 to 6.4 billion 2050. Thus, the urban areas of the world are expected to absorb all the population growth expected over the next four decades while at the same time drawing in some of the rural population. As a result, the world rural population is projected to start decreasing in about a decade and 0.6 billion fewer rural inhabitants are expected in 2050 than today. Furthermore, most of the population growth expected in urban areas will be concentrated in the cities and towns of the less de-veloped regions. Asia, in particular, is projected to see its urban population increase by 1.8 billion, Africa by 0.9 billion, and Latin America and the Caribbean by 0.2 billion. Population growth is therefore becoming largely an urban phenomenon concentrated in the developing world.

Realization of these projections is contingent on the continuation of fertility reductions in the developing

world. If fertility were to remain constant at current levels and the pace of urbanization remained that pro-jected in the 2007 Revision, the world urban population would increase to 8.1 billion by 2050 instead of the 6.4 billion expected when fertility is assumed to continue declining in all developing regions. In many coun-tries, natural increase (the difference of births minus deaths) accounts for 60 per cent or more of urban popu-lation growth. Consequently, policies that facilitate the reduction of fertility by allowing couples to have the number of children they desire can contribute to moderate increases in the number of urban dwellers, thereby making it easier for developing countries to adjust to the transformations associated with growing urbaniza-tion.

There is significant diversity in the urbanization levels reached by different regions. The transformative

power of urbanization was felt earlier in today’s more developed regions and they have reached high levels of urbanization. Thus, 74 per cent of the inhabitants of more developed regions lived in urban areas in 2007,

2 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

whereas just 44 per cent of those in the less developed regions did so. Urbanization is expected to continue rising in both the more developed and the less developed regions so that, by 2050, urban dwellers will likely account for 86 per cent of the population in the more developed regions and for 67 per cent of that in the less developed regions. Overall, the world population is expected to be 70 per cent urban in 2050.

Today’s 3.4 billion urban dwellers are distributed unevenly among urban settlements of different size. In

discussing urbanization, the focus often is on large cities, cities whose populations are larger than those of many countries. In 2007, 19 urban agglomerations qualified as megacities because they had at least 10 million inhabitants. Despite their visibility and dynamism, megacities account for a small though increasing propor-tion of the world urban population: nearly 9 per cent in 2007 and nearly 10 per cent in 2025. At the same time, over half of the urban population lives and will continue to live in small urban centres with fewer than half a million inhabitants. These and other key findings of the 2007 Revision are summarized below.

Key Findings of the 2007 Revision

1. During 2008, for the first time in history, the proportion of the population living in urban areas will

reach 50 per cent (figure I.1). While in the more developed regions, the proportion urban was already nearly 53 per cent in 1950, in the less developed regions the 50 per cent level will likely be reached around 2019 (figure I.2).

Figure I.1. Urban and rural populations of the world, 1950-2050

0.0

1000.0

2000.0

3000.0

4000.0

5000.0

6000.0

7000.0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Popu

latio

n (m

illion

s)

Urban population Rural population


2. The world urban population is expected nearly to double by 2050, increasing from 3.3 billion in 2007 to 6.4 billion in 2050. By mid-century the world urban population will likely be the same size as the world’s to-tal population in 2004. Virtually all of the world’s population growth will be absorbed by the urban areas of the less developed regions, whose population is projected to increase from 2.4 billion in 2007 to 5.3 billion in 2050. The urban population of the more developed regions is projected to increase modestly, from 0.9 billion in 2007 to 1.1 billion in 2050 (table I.1).

Figure I.2. Urban and rural populations, by development group, 1950-2050

0.0

1000.0

2000.0

3000.0

4000.0

5000.0

6000.0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Popu

latio

n (m

illion

s)

More developed regions, urban population Less developed regions, urban population

More developed regions, rural population Less developed regions, rural population

TABLE I.1. TOTAL, URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS BY DEVELOPMENT GROUP, SELECTED PERIODS, 1950-2050

Population (billion) Average annual rate of change (percentage)

Development group 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950-1975 1975-2007 2007-2025 2025-2050

Total population

World.................................... 2.54 4.08 6.67 8.01 9.19 1.90 1.54 1.02 0.55 More developed regions.... 0.81 1.05 1.22 1.26 1.25 1.01 0.48 0.16 -0.04 Less developed regions..... 1.72 3.03 5.45 6.75 7.95 2.26 1.84 1.19 0.65

Urban population

World.................................... 0.74 1.52 3.29 4.58 6.40 2.89 2.42 1.84 1.33 More developed regions.... 0.43 0.70 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.98 0.81 0.49 0.30 Less developed regions..... 0.31 0.82 2.38 3.59 5.33 3.88 3.35 2.27 1.58

Rural population

World.................................... 1.80 2.56 3.38 3.43 2.79 1.41 0.87 0.08 -0.82 More developed regions.... 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.26 0.17 -0.44 -0.32 -0.94 -1.67 Less developed regions..... 1.41 2.21 3.06 3.16 2.62 1.80 1.02 0.17 -0.75


TABLE I.2. PERCENTAGE URBAN BY DEVELOPMENT GROUP, SELECTED PERIODS, 1950-2050

Rate of urbanization

Percentage urban (percentage)

Development group 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950-1975 1975-2007 2007-2025 2025-2050 World...................................... 29.1 37.3 49.4 57.2 69.6 0.99 0.88 0.82 0.59

More developed regions ..... 52.5 67.0 74.4 79.0 86.0 0.97 0.33 0.33 0.24 Less developed regions....... 18.0 27.0 43.8 53.2 67.0 1.62 1.51 1.08 0.78

3. The world rural population is expected to reach a maximum of 3.5 billion in 2018 or 2019 and to de-

cline slowly thereafter, to reach 2.8 billion in 2050 (figure I.1). These global trends are driven mostly by the dynamics of rural population growth in the less developed regions, which house today 90 per cent of the world rural population. Whereas the rural population of the more developed regions has been declining stead-ily during the second half of the twentieth century and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future, the rural population of the less developed regions more than doubled since 1950 and will likely continue to grow until 2021 before a long-term decline sets in.

4. The rate of growth of the world urban population is slowing down (table I.1). Between 1950 and 2007, the world urban population grew at an average rate of 2.6 per cent per year and more than quadrupled over the period, passing from 0.7 billion to 3.3 billion. During 2007-2025, the world urban population is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 1.8 per cent, which, if maintained, would lead to a doubling of the urban population in 38 years. During 2025-2050, the urban growth rate is expected to decline further to 1.3 per cent per year, implying a doubling time of 52 years.

5. The sustained increase of the urban population combined with the pronounced deceleration of rural population growth will result in continued urbanization, that is, in increasing proportions of the population living in urban areas. Globally, the level of urbanization is expected to rise from 50 per cent in 2008 to 70 per cent in 2050 (table I.2). More developed regions are expected to see their level of urbanization rise from 74 per cent to 86 per cent over the same period. In the less developed regions, the proportion urban will likely increase from 44 per cent in 2007 to 67 per cent in 2050 (table I.2).

6. Historically, the process of rapid urbanization started first in today’s more developed regions. In 1920, just under 30 per cent of their population was urban and by 1950, more than half of their population was liv-ing in urban areas. In 2007, high levels of urbanization, surpassing 80 per cent, characterized Australia, New Zealand and Northern America. Europe, with 72 per cent of its population living in urban areas, was the least urbanized major area in the developed world. By 2050, Australia, New Zealand and Northern America are all expected to be over 90 per cent urban while Europe’s level of urbanization is projected to be lower, at 84 per cent (table I.4).

7. Among the less developed regions, Latin America and the Caribbean has an exceptionally high level of urbanization (78 per cent), higher than that of Europe. Africa and Asia, in contrast, remain mostly rural, with 38 per cent and 41 per cent, respectively, of their populations living in urban areas. Over the coming decades, the level of urbanization is expected to increase in all major areas of the developing world, with Africa and Asia urbanizing more rapidly than the rest (table I.4). Nevertheless, by mid-century, Africa and Asia are ex-pected still to have lower levels of urbanization than the more developed regions or Latin America and the Caribbean (figure I.3).


TABLE I.3. TOTAL, URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS BY MAJOR AREA, SELECTED PERIODS, 1950-2050

Population Average annual rate of change (millions) (percentage)

Major area 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950-1975

1975-2007

2007-2025

2025-2050

Total population

Africa................................................ 224 416 965 1394 1998 2.48 2.63 2.04 1.44

Asia................................................... 1411 2394 4030 4779 5266 2.12 1.63 0.95 0.39

Europe............................................... 548 676 731 715 664 0.84 0.24 -0.12 -0.30 Latin America and the Caribbean ..... 168 325 572 688 769 2.65 1.77 1.02 0.45

Northern America ............................. 172 243 339 393 445 1.40 1.03 0.82 0.50

Oceania ............................................. 13 21 34 41 49 2.03 1.49 1.05 0.65 Urban population

Africa................................................ 33 107 373 658 1234 4.76 3.90 3.15 2.52

Asia................................................... 237 574 1645 2440 3486 3.54 3.29 2.19 1.43

Europe............................................... 281 444 528 545 557 1.84 0.54 0.18 0.08 Latin America and the Caribbean ..... 69 198 448 575 683 4.21 2.55 1.38 0.69

Northern America ............................. 110 180 275 337 401 1.98 1.33 1.11 0.70

Oceania ............................................. 8 15 24 30 37 2.60 1.44 1.17 0.89 Rural population

Africa................................................ 192 309 592 736 764 1.92 2.03 1.21 0.15 Asia................................................... 1174 1820 2384 2339 1780 1.75 0.84 -0.11 -1.09

Europe............................................... 267 232 204 170 107 -0.57 -0.41 -1.00 -1.84

Latin America and the Caribbean ..... 98 126 124 113 87 1.01 -0.06 -0.50 -1.08

Northern America ............................. 62 64 63 56 44 0.11 -0.02 -0.65 -1.00

Oceania ............................................. 5 6 10 12 11 0.88 1.60 0.78 -0.04

TABLE I.4. PERCENTAGE URBAN BY MAJOR AREA, SELECTED PERIODS, 1950-2050

Rate of urbanization Percentage urban (percentage)

Major area 1950 1975 2007 2025 2050 1950-1975

1975-2007

2007-2025

2025-2050

Africa................................................ 14.5 25.7 38.7 47.2 61.8 2.28 1.28 1.10 1.08

Asia................................................... 16.8 24.0 40.8 51.1 66.2 1.42 1.66 1.24 1.04

Europe .............................................. 51.2 65.7 72.2 76.2 83.8 1.00 0.29 0.30 0.38

Latin America and the Caribbean ..... 41.4 61.1 78.3 83.5 88.7 1.56 0.78 0.36 0.24

Northern America ............................. 63.9 73.8 81.3 85.7 90.2 0.58 0.30 0.29 0.20

Oceania ............................................. 62.0 71.5 70.5 71.9 76.4 0.57 -0.05 0.11 0.24


Figure I.3. Percentage of the population in urban areas, 2007, 2025 and 2050

2007

2025

2050

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division: World Population Prospects DEMOBASE extract. 2007.

NOTE: The boundaries shown on the present map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.


Figure I.4. Distribution of the world urban population by major area, 1950, 2007, 2050

4%

32%

38%

9%

15%

1%

11%

50%

14%

1%

19%

54%

1%

16%

8%9%6%

11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Africa Asia Europe Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

Northern America Oceania

1950 2007 2050

8. Despite its low level of urbanization, in 2007 Asia was home to about half of the urban population in the world. Europe had the second highest share, at 16 per cent (figure I.4). Over the next four decades, Africa and Asia will experience a marked increase in their urban populations. In Africa the urban population is likely to treble and in Asia it will more than double (table I.3). By mid-century, most of the urban population of the world will be concentrated in Asia (54 per cent) and Africa (19 per cent) (figure I.4)

9. With the exception of Africa and Oceania, all major areas are expected to have smaller rural popula-tions in 2050 than today (table I.3). Africa’s rural population may start to decline before the mid-century. To-day, the majority of rural dwellers live in Asia (71 per cent) and Africa (18 per cent) and the concentration of the world rural population in these two major areas combined is expected to increase so that, by 2050, 64 per cent of all rural inhabitants are projected to live in Asia and 27 per cent in Africa.

10. The world urban population is highly concentrated in a few countries. In 2007, three quarters of the 3.3 billion urban dwellers on Earth lived in 25 countries, whose urban populations ranged from 29 million in South Africa to 561 million in China. China, India and the United States of America accounted for 35 per cent of the world urban population. Most of the 25 countries with the largest urban populations are highly urban-ized, but seven have levels of urbanization ranging from 27 per cent to just over 50 per cent and they include some of the most populous countries in the world: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan.

11. Most countries have small urban populations. In 2007, two thirds of the 229 countries or areas consid-

ered had fewer than 5 million urban dwellers and they accounted for 5.8 per cent of the world urban popula-tion. Among them, 60 per cent had urban populations below one million and accounted for 0.6 per cent of all urban dwellers on Earth. By 2050, just half of all countries or areas are expected to have fewer than 5 million urban dwellers and to account for barely 2 per cent of the world urban population.


12. Similarly, the increases in the world urban population are concentrated in a few countries, with China and India projected to account together for about a third of the increase in the urban population in the coming decades. Between 2007 and 2025, the urban areas of the world are expected to gain 1.3 billion people, includ-ing 261 million in China and 197 million in India, which account together for 35 per cent of the total increase. Nine additional countries are projected to contribute 29 per cent of the urban increment, with increases rang-ing from 20 million to 62 million. The countries involved are: Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa; Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and the Philippines in Asia; Brazil and Mexico in Latin America, and the United States of America. Among them, those in Africa and Asia will experience high rates of urban population growth, surpassing 2 per cent or even 3 per cent per year.

13. A further urban increment of 1.8 billion people is expected globally during 2025-2050, with India being the major contributor (377 million) and China following (205 million). Together, the two most populous countries on Earth are expected to account for 32 per cent of urban growth during 2025-2050. In 2050, China will still have the largest urban population (1 billion), followed by India (0.9 billion).

14. In a few developed countries, the urban population will decrease. Despite the projected increases in the

level of urbanization, overall population decline in several countries will lead to a reduction in the number of urban dwellers. Between 2007 and 2025, the urban population of the Russian Federation and that of Ukraine are projected to decline by 8 million and 3 million, respectively. Between 2025 and 2050, more countries will experience reductions in the urban population. Those with the largest drops include Japan (a reduction of 4 million), the Republic of Korea (4 million), the Russian Federation (7 million) and Ukraine (4 million).

15. The rural population is even more highly concentrated in a few countries than the urban population. In 2007, 18 countries accounted for 75 per cent of the rural population and all but three (Japan, the Russian Fed-eration and the United States) are located in Africa or Asia. India has the largest rural population (828 mil-lion), followed by China (767 million). Together, they account for 47 per cent of the world rural population. Bangladesh, Indonesia and Pakistan follow, each with over 100 million rural inhabitants. In Africa, the largest rural populations are located in Nigeria (78 million), Ethiopia (69 million), Egypt (43 million), the Democ-ratic Republic of Congo (42 million), the United Republic of Tanzania (30 million) and Kenya (30 million). During 2007-2025, the rural populations of most of those African countries are projected to increase at rates equal to or higher than 1 per cent per year, the only exception being Nigeria. Among populous countries in Asia, Pakistan will have the highest rural growth rate during 2007-2025 (0.8 per cent per year). In contrast, in eight of the 18 countries with large rural populations the rural population is declining, with China, Indonesia, Japan, the Russian Federation and the United States having the fastest rates of decline.

16. As in the case of the urban population, most countries have small rural populations. In 2007, 69 per cent

of the 229 countries or areas considered had at most 5 million rural inhabitants and accounted for 4.8 per cent of the world rural population. In three quarters of them, the rural population is projected to decrease during 2007-2050.

17. The 3.3 billion urban dwellers in 2007 were distributed unevenly among urban settlements of different

size. Over half of the world urban population (52 per cent) lived in cities or towns with fewer than half a mil-lion inhabitants. In the more developed regions, 54 per cent of the urban population lived in small urban cen-tres and 51 per cent did so in the less developed regions. Between 2007 and 2025, small urban centres are ex-pected to absorb nearly half of the expected increase in the urban population.

18. Cities in the next size class, whose population ranges from 500,000 to one million inhabitants, are nu-merous (460 in 2007 rising to 551 in 2025), but they account for just 10 per cent of the overall urban popula-tion. Medium-sized cities, with more than a million inhabitants but fewer than 5 million, are also numerous (382 in 2007 increasing to 524 in 2025) and they account for 23 per cent of the urban population (table I.5).


19. Large cities, whose populations range from 5 million to just under 10 million, numbered 30 in 2007 and are expected to number 48 in 2025, but accounted for just 7 per cent of the urban population. Three quarters of these “megacities in waiting” are located in developing countries.

TABLE I.5. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORLD AND DEVELOPMENT GROUPS, BY AREA OF RESIDENCE

AND SIZE CLASS OF URBAN SETTLEMENT, 1975, 2007 AND 2025

Population (millions) Percentage distribution Development group

Area of residence and size class of urban settlement (number of

inhabitants) 1975 2007 2025 1975 2007 2025

Urban area 1 519 3 294 4 584 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 million or more 53 286 447 3.5 8.7 9.7 5 million to 10 million 117 214 337 7.7 6.5 7.3 1 million to 5 million 317 760 1 058 20.9 23.1 23.1 500,000 to 1 million 167 322 390 11.0 9.8 8.5

World

Fewer than 500,000 864 1 712 2 354 56.9 52.0 51.3

Urban area 702 910 995 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 million or more 42 89 103 6.1 9.8 10.3 5 million to 10 million 50 49 69 7.1 5.4 6.9 1 million to 5 million 137 202 203 19.6 22.2 20.4 500,000 to 1 million 71 83 90 10.2 9.1 9.0

More devel-oped regions

Fewer than 500,000 401 487 531 57.1 53.5 53.4

Urban area 817 2 384 3 590 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 million or more 11 197 344 1.3 8.3 9.6 5 million to 10 million 68 165 268 8.3 6.9 7.5 1 million to 5 million 180 558 855 22.1 23.4 23.8 500,000 to 1 million 96 239 300 11.7 10.0 8.4

Less developed regions

Fewer than 500,000 463 1 225 1 822 56.6 51.4 50.8


TABLE I.6. POPULATION OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS WITH 10 MILLION INHABITANTS OR MORE, 1950, 1975, 2007 AND 2025 (MILLIONS)

1950 1975

Rank Urban agglomeration Population Rank Urban agglomeration Population

1 New York-Newark, USA 12.3 1 Tokyo, Japan 26.6 2 Tokyo, Japan 11.3 2 New York-Newark, USA 15.9

3 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico 10.7

2007 2025

Rank Urban agglomeration Population Rank Urban agglomeration Population

1 Tokyo, Japan 35.7 1 Tokyo, Japan 36.4 2 New York-Newark, USA 19.0 2 Mumbai (Bombay), India 26.4 3 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico 19.0 3 Delhi, India 22.5 4 Mumbai (Bombay), India 19.0 4 Dhaka, Bangladesh 22.0 5 São Paulo, Brazil 18.8 5 São Paulo, Brazil 21.4 6 Delhi, India 15.9 6 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico 21.0 7 Shanghai, China 15.0 7 New York-Newark, USA 20.6 8 Kolkata (Calcutta), India 14.8 8 Kolkata (Calcutta), India 20.6 9 Dhaka, Bangladesh 13.5 9 Shanghai, China 19.4

10 Buenos Aires, Argentina 12.8 10 Karachi, Pakistan 19.1

11 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA 12.5 11 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo 16.8

12 Karachi, Pakistan 12.1 12 Lagos, Nigeria 15.8 13 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt 11.9 13 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt 15.6 14 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 11.7 14 Manila, Philippines 14.8 15 Osaka-Kobe, Japan 11.3 15 Beijing, China 14.5 16 Beijing, China 11.1 16 Buenos Aires, Argentina 13.8 17 Manila, Philippines 11.1 17 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA 13.7 18 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Federation 10.5 18 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 13.4 19 Istanbul, Turkey 10.1 19 Jakarta, Indonesia 12.4

20 Istanbul, Turkey 12.1 21 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 11.8 22 Osaka-Kobe, Japan 11.4 23 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Federation 10.5 24 Lahore, Pakistan 10.5 25 Shenzhen, China 10.2 26 Chennai (Madras), India 10.1 27 Paris, France 10.0

20. Megacities are urban agglomerations with at least 10 million inhabitants. There are today 19 megacities on Earth and their number is expected to increase to 27 in 2025. The proportion of people living in megacities is small. In 2007, 9 per cent of the world urban population resided in megacities and by 2025 their share is expected to raise to almost 10 per cent. In relation to the whole world population, megacities account today for 4 per cent of the population, meaning that just one in twenty-five people on Earth live in megacities.

21. Asia has eleven megacities; Latin America has four; Northern America, two; and Africa and Europe have one each. Eleven of these megacities are capitals of their countries. By 2025, when the number of mega-cities rises to 27, Asia would have increased its number by five; Africa by two, and Europe by one.


22. The distribution of the urban population by city size class varies among the major areas. In Latin Amer-ica and the Caribbean, for instance, urban dwellers are more concentrated in the megacities than in the world as a whole: 14 per cent live in megacities. Relatively high concentrations of urban dwellers in megacities are also found in Northern America (11 per cent) and Asia (10 per cent). In contrast, 58 per cent of urban dwell-ers in Africa live in small urban centres with fewer than half a million inhabitants and 68 per cent of those in Europe do the same.

23. With nearly 36 million inhabitants in 2007, Tokyo is by far the most populous urban agglomeration in the world, but it encompasses all contiguous densely inhabited districts in Tokyo-to (ku-bu) plus those in 87 surrounding cities and towns, including Yokohama, Kawasaki and Chiba, important cities in their own rights. Other megacities, while named after the major city at their core, also encompass a large area and a number of urban settlements within it, constituting therefore complex urban agglomerations. Following Tokyo, the next largest urban agglomerations are New York-Newark, Ciudad de México, Mumbai and São Paulo, each with about 19 million inhabitants. In 2025, Tokyo is still expected to be the world’s most populous urban agglom-eration with 36 million inhabitants, followed by Mumbai (with 26 million), Delhi (23 million), Dhaka (22 million) and São Paulo (21 million) (table I.6).

TABLE I.7. POPULATION OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS WITH 10 MILLION INHABITANTS OR MORE IN 2007

AND THEIR AVERAGE ANNUAL RATES OF CHANGE, SELECTED PERIODS, 1975-2025

Population (millions)

Average annual rate of change (percentage)

Urban agglomeration 1975 2007 2025 1975-2007 2007-2025 Tokyo, Japan .................................................. 26.6 35.7 36.4 0.92 0.11 New York-Newark, USA ............................... 15.9 19.0 20.6 0.57 0.44 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico..... 10.7 19.0 21.0 1.80 0.55 Mumbai (Bombay), India ............................... 7.1 19.0 26.4 3.08 1.83 São Paulo, Brazil ............................................ 9.6 18.8 21.4 2.10 0.71 Delhi, India..................................................... 4.4 15.9 22.5 4.00 1.92 Shanghai, China.............................................. 7.3 15.0 19.4 2.24 1.44 Kolkata (Calcutta), India ................................ 7.9 14.8 20.6 1.96 1.83 Dhaka, Bangladesh......................................... 2.2 13.5 22.0 5.64 2.72 Buenos Aires, Argentina ................................ 8.7 12.8 13.8 1.19 0.41 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA.... 8.9 12.5 13.7 1.05 0.50 Karachi, Pakistan............................................ 4.0 12.1 19.1 3.48 2.52 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt.............................. 6.4 11.9 15.6 1.91 1.49 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..................................... 7.6 11.7 13.4 1.38 0.74 Osaka-Kobe, Japan......................................... 9.8 11.3 11.4 0.43 0.04 Beijing, China................................................. 6.0 11.1 14.5 1.91 1.50 Manila, Philippines......................................... 5.0 11.1 14.8 2.49 1.60 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Federation ......... 7.6 10.5 10.5 0.99 0.04 Istanbul, Turkey ............................................. 3.6 10.1 12.1 3.21 1.03

NOTE: Urban agglomerations are ordered according to their population size in 2007.

24. Large urban agglomerations are not necessarily experiencing fast population growth. Among the 19

megacities in 2007, one-third experienced annual population growth below 1.5 per cent between 1975 and 2007 and just five grew at rates above 3 per cent per year (table I.7): Dhaka in Bangladesh (5.6 per cent per year); Delhi (4.0 per cent) and Mumbai (3.1 per cent) in India; Karachi in Pakistan (3.5 per cent), and Istanbul in Turkey (3.2 per cent). Between 2007 and 2025, two-thirds of the megacities are projected to experience


annual population growth below 1.5 per cent and only two (Dhaka and Karachi) will maintain population growth rates above 2 per cent.

25. Faced with the numerous opportunities and challenges associated with urbanization, many Govern-ments have consistently considered their population’s spatial distribution as a concern. In 2007, 85 per cent of Governments expressed concern about their pattern of population distribution, a percentage comparable to that recorded in the 1970s (table I.8). Among developing countries, 56 per cent wished to make a major change in the spatial distribution of their populations, whereas 32 per cent desired a minor change. Among developed countries, 37 per cent desired a major change and 39 per cent a minor change. Dissatisfaction re-garding patterns of population distribution was highest in Africa (74 per cent of its countries desired a major change) and Asia (51 per cent desired a major change). In Latin America and the Caribbean, Oceania and Europe, about 40 per cent of Governments considered that major changes in spatial distribution were desir-able (United Nations, 2007).

26. A common policy to modify population distribution includes various types of measures to reduce mi-grant flows to large cities. The percentage of developing countries having implemented such policies rose from 44 per cent to 74 per cent between 1976 and 2007. Among developed countries, the proportion with policies to reduce flows to large cities declined from 55 per cent in 1975 to 26 per cent in 1996 and then re-bounded to reach 39 per cent in 2007. In Oceania, 83 per cent of countries have such policies, in Africa 78 per cent, in Asia 71 per cent and in Latin America and the Caribbean 68 per cent.

TABLE I.8. GOVERNMENT VIEWS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION, 2007

Major change desired

Minor change desired Satisfactory Total

Major change desired

Minor change desired Satisfactory Total

Number of countries Percentage

World................................ 100 66 29 195 51 34 15 100

More developed regions ... 18 19 12 49 37 39 24 100

Less developed regions..... 82 47 17 146 56 32 12 100

Source: World Population Policies 2007 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.08.XIII.8).


SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter contains information on the sources of data used in estimating and projecting the popula-tion of urban areas and urban agglomerations. Sec-tion A presents the sources of data and the defini-tions underlying the data on urban populations. The definitions presented are generally those used by national statistical offices in carrying out the latest available census. When the definition used in the latest census was not the same as in previous cen-suses, the data were adjusted whenever possible so as to maintain consistency. In cases where adjust-ments were made in such a way as to ensure consis-tency with the definition used in previous censuses, that information is included in the sources listed below. United Nations estimates and projections are based, to the extent possible, on actual enumera-tions. In some cases, however, it was desirable to incorporate official or other estimates of urban population size as part of the input for the estima-tion of trends. The sources below indicate when that was done.

Section B presents sources of data and the statisti-cal concepts underlying the data used in estimating and projecting the populations of urban agglomera-tions and capital cities. The term “Urban agglomera-tion” refers to the population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels without regard to administrative boundaries. It usually incorporates the population in a city or town plus that in the suburban areas lying outside the city proper but being adjacent to the city boundaries. Whenever possible, data classified ac-cording to the concept of urban agglomeration are used. However, some countries do not produce data according to that concept but use instead that of metropolitan area or City proper. If possible, such data are adjusted to conform to the concept of urban agglomeration. When sufficient information is not available to permit such an adjustment, data based on the concept of City proper or metropolitan area are used. The sources listed in section B indicate whether data were adjusted to conform to the con-cept of urban agglomeration or whether a different concept was used.

A. SOURCES OF DATA ON THE URBAN POPULATION

Afghanistan Sources of data: Census of 1979; estimates for 1950, 1966, 1971 and 2004. Definition: Sixty-six localities and provincial centers. Albania Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1969, 1979, 1989, 2001 and 2007; estimates for 1991 and 2005. Definition: Towns and other industrial centres with more than 400 inhabitants. Algeria Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1960, 1966, 1977, 1987 and 1998. Definition: All communes having as chef-lieu a city, a rural town or an urban agglomeration.

American Samoa Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimates for 1970, 1980 and 1990. Definition: Urban areas, according to the 2000 census, are densely settled territory that meets mini-mum population density requirements and encom-passes a population of at least 2,500. The proportion urban for earlier years was adjusted for consistency with this definition. Andorra Sources of data: Estimates for 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2004; UN estimates for 1950 and 1960. Definition: Parishes of Andorra la Vella, Escal-des-Engordany, Saint Julia, Encamp and La Mas-sana.


Angola Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 1970; estimate for 1994; UN estimate for 2003. Definition: Localities with at least 2,000 inhabi-tants. Anguilla Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1960, 1974, 1984, 1992 and 2001. Definition: In the absence of more detailed in-formation, the entire population is considered urban. Antigua and Barbuda Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1991 and 2001. Definition: St. John’s (capital). Argentina Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Population centres with 2,000 inhabi-tants or more. Armenia Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimate for 1974. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to the criteria of number of inhabitants and predominance of agricultural or non-agricultural workers and their families. Aruba Sources of data: Censuses of 1991 and 2000; estimate for 1965; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: Oranjestad (capital) and Sant Nicolas. Australia Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Definition: All urban centres with 1,000 inhabi-tants or more. Starting in 1991, the definition of “ur-ban” has changed in the census counts.

Austria Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001; estimates for 2005 and 2007. Definition: Based on the concept of a functional and structural urban area (Stadtregion) consisting of an urban core area (Kernzone) and surrounding ur-ban areas. (Außenzone). The surrounding urban ar-eas is defined as an area in which at least 30 per cent of working adults commute daily into the cor-responding core area. Azerbaijan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 1974, 1984 and 2005. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to the criteria of number of inhabitants and predominance of agricultural or non-agricultural workers and their families. Bahamas Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1953. Definition: For the 1980, 1990 and 2000 census counts, sum of the cities. Bahrain Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1965, 1991 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Communes or villages with 2,500 inhabitants or more. For consistency purposes, the 1971 and 1981 census estimates were excluded. Bangladesh Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Places having a municipality (pourashava), a town (shahar) committee or a can-tonment board. In general, urban areas have at least 5,000 inhabitants in a contiguous set of houses with a well developed sense of community and access to public utilities, such as roads, street lighting, water supply, sanitary arrangements, etc. Urban places are generally centres of trade and commerce where the labour force is mostly non-agricultural and literacy levels are high. An area that has urban characteris-tics but has fewer than 5,000 inhabitants may, in special cases, be considered urban.


Barbados Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Bridgetown (capital). Belarus Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 1964, 1974, 1984 and 2006. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities offi-cially designated as such (cities and towns, semi-urban centers, industrial communities and health resort communities). Belgium Sources of data: Census of 1981; estimate for 1976; UN estimates for 1961, 2000 and 2006. Definition: Cities, urban agglomerations and ur-ban communes following the 1977 administrative reclassification. For 2000 and 2006, UN estimates are based on communes with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Belize Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Definition: Not available. Benin Sources of data: Censuses of 1992 and 2002; estimate for 1979; Sample Survey of 1961. Definition: Localities with 10,000 inhabitants or more. Bermuda Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000. Definition: Entire population. Bhutan Sources of data: Census of 2005; estimate for 1950. Definition: The urban definition used in the 2005 census follows the classification of the Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services (DUDES). As of 2005, there are 28 declared urban centres and 26 satellite towns.

Bolivia Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1976, 1992 and 2001; estimate for 1995. Definition: Localities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Bosnia and Herzegovina Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991. Definition: Not available. Botswana Sources of data: Censuses of 1964, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Agglomerations of 5,000 inhabitants or more where 75 per cent of the economic activity is non-agricultural. Brazil Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 1996 and 2000. Definition: Urban and suburban zones of admin-istrative centres of municipios and districts. British Virgin Islands Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000. Definition: Road Town. Brunei Darussalam Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Municipalities and areas having ur-ban socio-economic characteristics. Bulgaria Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1965, 1975, 1985, 1992 and 2001; estimates for 1960, 1970, 1980 and 2003. Definition: Towns, that is, localities legally es-tablished as urban. Burkina Faso Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1975, 1985 and 1996. Definition: Localities with 10,000 inhabitants or more and with sufficient socio-economic and ad-ministrative infrastructures.


Burundi Sources of data: Censuses of 1965, 1970, 1979 and 1990; estimate for 1998. Definition: Commune of Bujumbura. Cambodia Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1980 and 1998; estimates for 1950, 1966, 1990, 1993 and 2002; Sample Survey of 1996; UN estimates for 1970, 1975, 1975 and 1979. Definition: Municipalities of Phnom Penh, Bokor and Kep plus 13 additional urban centres. Cameroon Sources of data: Censuses of 1976 and 1987; estimates for 1959, 1970, 1997 and 2004. Definition: Administrative centres of territorial units (district, sub-division, division or province) or any locality with more than 5,000 inhabitants and sufficient socio-economic and administrative infra-structures. Canada Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Definition: Areas with at least 1,000 inhabitants and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometer (as of 1981; the definition of “ur-ban” has changed slightly between 1951 and 1981). Cape Verde Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1985 and 2003; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: As of 1990, municipalities of Praia, Mindelo, Sao Filipe and Espargos/Sal. Cayman Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999. Definition: Entire population. Central African Republic Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1988 and 2003; estimates for 1960, 1963, 1967 and 1968. Definition: Twenty principal centres with a population of over 3,000 inhabitants each.

Chad Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1972 and 1978; Sample Survey of 1964; UN esti-mate for 1950. Definition: Administrative centres of prefectures, sous-prefectures and administrative posts. Channel Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Definition: Civil Parish of St. Peter Port, Guern-sey; Civil Parish of St. Helier, Jersey. Chile Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1960, 1970, 1982, 1992 and 2002; estimates for 1997 and 1998. Definition: Populated centres with definite ur-ban characteristics, such as certain public and mu-nicipal services. China Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1964, 1970, 1975 and 1996; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Up to 1982 the urban population in-cluded all the population of cities and towns. Cities were localities with at least 100,000 inhabitants or those that had special administrative, strategic or economic importance. Towns were either settle-ments with more than 3,000 inhabitants, at least 70 per cent of whom were registered as non-agricultural, or settlements with a population rang-ing between 2,500 and 3,000 inhabitants, at least 85 per cent of whom were registered as non-agricultural. According to the 1990 census, the ur-ban population included: (1) all residents of urban districts in provincial and prefectural-level cities; (2) all the resident population of “streets” (jiedao) in county-level cities; (3) the population of all resi-dents' committees in towns. According to the 2000 census, the urban population of mainland China in-cludes the population in City Districts with an aver-age population density of at least 1,500 persons per square kilometer; the population in sub-district units and township-level units meeting criteria such as “contiguous built-up area”, being the location of local government, being a “street” or having a resi-dent committee.


China, Hong Kong SAR Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Hong Kong Island, New Kowloon and new towns in New Territories. China, Macao SAR Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970 and 2001; UN estimates for 1981, 1995 and 2006. Definition: Prior to 2001, the city of Macao com-prised of the population of the country, except for the population of Coloane, Taipa, Co-Thai and the maritime population. After 2001, the entire popula-tion of Macao was considered urban. Colombia Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Definition: Population living in a nucleus with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Comoros Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1980, 1991 and 2003; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Administrative centres of prefectures and localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Congo Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1974, 1984 and 1996; estimate for 2004. Definition: As of 1984, six communes (Brazza-ville, Pointe-Noire, Dolisie/Loubomo, Nkayi, Ouesso and Mossendjo). Cook Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2006. Definition: Island of Rarotonga. Costa Rica Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1963, 1973, 1984 and 2000; estimate for 1996. Definition: Administrative centres of cantons, including adjacent areas with clear urban character-istics such as streets, urban services and electricity.

Côte d'Ivoire Sources of data: Censuses of 1958, 1975, 1988 and 1998; estimate for 2006; Sample Survey of 1965 and 1978. Definition: Urban agglomerations with more than 10,000 inhabitants; agglomerations with popu-lations ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 persons and with more than 50 per cent of the households en-gaged in non-agricultural activities; and the admin-istrative centres of Grand Lahoun and Dabakala. The urban population excludes the milieu urbain of Bouna, which has a population of 11,000 persons. Croatia Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Not available. Cuba Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1970, 1981 and 2002; estimates for 1990, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Definition: Places with 2,000 inhabitants or more, and places with fewer inhabitants but with paved streets, street lighting, piped water, sewage, a medical centre and educational facilities. Cyprus Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1960, 1973, 1982, 1992 and 2001. Definition: Six district towns and the suburbs of Nicosia and Larnaka. Czech Republic Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Municipalities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Dem. People’s Republic of Korea Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1967, 1970, 1975 and 1980. Definition: Not available.


Democratic Republic of the Congo Sources of data: Census of 1984; estimates for 1950, 1960 and 1970. Definition: Places with 2,000 inhabitants or more where the predominant economic activity is non-agricultural; and places with fewer inhabitants con-sidered urban because of their type of economic ac-tivity (predominantly non-agricultural). Denmark Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965 and 1970; estimates for 1990, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004; Registers of 1976, 1981 and 2006. Definition: Localities with 200 inhabitants or more. Djibouti Sources of data: Censuses of 1960 and 1983; estimates for 1956, 1989 and 1998; Sample Survey of 1991. Definition: For 1956 and 1960: Djibouti (capi-tal). For 1983: the urban population of the districts of Djibouti, Ali-Sabieh, Dikhil, Tadjourah and Obock. For 1991: the following 9 towns: Djibouti (capital), Dikhil, Ali-Sabieh, Tadjourah, Obock, Arta, Damerjog, Yoboki and Randa. Nomads are included in the rural population. For 1998: localities of 1,500 inhabitants or more. Dominica Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981 and 1991. Definition: Cities and villages with 500 inhabi-tants or more (as of 1970). Dominican Republic Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1993 and 2001. Definition: Administrative centres of comunas and municipal districts. Ecuador Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1962, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 2004. Definition: Capitals of provinces and cantons.

Egypt Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006. Definition: Governorates of Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Al-Isma'iliyah (Ismailia) and As-Suways (Suez); frontier governorates; and capitals of other gover-norates as well as district capitals (markaz). El Salvador Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1971 and 1992; estimates for 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2005. Definition: Administrative centres of municipios. Equatorial Guinea Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1983, 1994 and 2001. Definition: District centres and localities with at least 300 dwellings or at least 1,500 inhabitants. Eritrea Sources of data: Census of 1984; estimate for 1990; UN estimates for 1950 and 1967. Definition: Localities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Estonia Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimates for 1994 and 2007. Definition: Population of officially designated urban settlements including cities, cities without municipal status and towns. Ethiopia Sources of data: Censuses of 1984 and 1994; estimates for 1950, 1967, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004. Definition: Localities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Faeroe Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1966, 1970 and 1977; estimates for 1989, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002; UN esti-mate for 2005. Definition: Torshavn (capital).


Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Sources of data: Censuses of 1972, 1980, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001; estimates for 1953 and 1962. Definition: Stanley (capital) and the civil popula-tion of Mount Pleasant (as of 1996). Fiji Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: Places with 1,000 inhabitants or more. Finland Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2004. Definition: Urban communes. France Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Definition: Communes with 2,000 inhabitants or more living in houses separated by at most 200 me-ters; or communes in which the majority of the population is part of a multi-communal agglomera-tion. French Guiana Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1967, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Definition: Not available. French Polynesia Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1971, 1983, 1988, 1996 and 2002; estimate for 1977; UN esti-mate for 1956. Definition: Places with 1,000 inhabitants or more. Gabon Sources of data: Censuses of 1961 and 1993; estimates for 1950, 1970, 1981 and 1987. Definition: As of 1993 census, towns with 3,000 inhabitants or more. Gambia Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1963, 1973, 1983 and 1993. Definition: No official definition. In this report, settlements with 5,000 inhabitants or more.

Georgia Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimate for 2006. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria regarding the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Germany Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961 and 1987; estimates for 1970, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Definition: Communes (kreisfreie Staedte and Kreise) with a population density of at least 150 inhabitants per square kilometer. Ghana Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1984 and 2000. Definition: Localities with at least 5,000 inhabi-tants. Gibraltar Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Entire population. Greece Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 Definition: Municipalities and communes in population centres with at least 10,000 inhabitants, plus 18 urban agglomerations as defined in the 1991 census: Greater Athens (Athínai), Thessaloniki, Pátrai, Iraklion, Vólos, Chania, Irannina, Chalkida, Agrino, Kalamata, Katerini, Kerkyra, Salamina, Chios, Egio, Rethymno, Ermoúpolis and Spárti. Greenland Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1976; estimates for 1992, 1993, 1996 and 2000; Register of 2005; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Localities with 200 inhabitants or more.


Grenada Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Parishes of St. George’s Town (capi-tal) and St. George. Guadeloupe Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1954, 1961, 1967, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Definition: Localities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Guam Sources of data: Census of 2000; estimate for 2004; UN estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990. Definition: Urban areas, defined in the 2000 cen-sus as densely settled territory that meets minimum population density requirements and encompasses a population of at least 2,500 persons. The proportion urban for earlier years was adjusted for consistency with the new definition. Guatemala Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1964, 1973, 1981 and 2002. Definition: The municipio of Guatemala De-partment and the officially recognized administra-tive centres of other departments and municipalities. The urban population for 1981 is officially adjusted to include the urbanized suburbs bordering the mu-nicipio of Guatemala in a way consistent with the previous census. Guinea Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1983 and 1996. Definition: As of 1983, administrative centres of prefectures. Guinea-Bissau Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1979 and 1991; estimate for 2004. Definition: As of 1991, capitals of regions or sectors and localities with 1,500 inhabitants or more.

Guyana Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 2002. Definition: City of Georgetown (capital), and three other towns. Haiti Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1971, 1982 and 2003; estimates for 1992, 1996, 1999 and 2000. Definition: Administrative centres of communes. Holy See Sources of data: Estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Definition: The entire population is considered urban. Honduras Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1974, 1988 and 2001. Definition: Populated centres with 2,000 inhabi-tants or more with the following services: piped wa-ter; communication by land (road or train) or regular air or maritime service; complete primary school (6 grades); postal service or telegraph; and at least one of the following: electrical light, sewer system, or a health centre. Hungary Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Definition: Budapest and all legally designated towns. Iceland Sources of data: Census of 1950; estimates for 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1998 and 2006. Definition: Localities with 200 inhabitants or more.


India Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001; estimates for 1996 and 2004. Definition: Urban areas include towns (places with municipal corporation, municipal area commit-tee, town committee, notified area committee or cantonment board) and all places having 5,000 in-habitants or more, a density of less than 1,000 per-sons per square mile or 390 per square kilometer, pronounced urban characteristics and at least three-fourths of adult males not employed in agriculture. Indonesia Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1950 and 1997; Sam-ple Survey of 1995. Definition: Municipalities (kotamadya), regency capitals (kabupaten) and other places with urban characteristics. Iran (Islamic Republic of) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1991 and 1996; estimates for 2000 and 2004. Definition: Every district with a municipality. In censuses prior to 1986, all county centres (shahrestan), regardless of size, and all localities with a population of 5,000 persons and more. Iraq Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1977, 1987 and 1997; estimates for 2003 and 2005. Definition: Area within the boundaries of mu-nicipality councils (Al-Majlis Al-Baldei). Ireland Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2002 and 2006. Definition: Population clusters with at least 1,500 inhabitants (aggregate town areas, including suburbs). Isle of Man Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1996, 2001 and 2006; UN estimates for 1981, 1986 and 1991. Definition: Towns of Castletown, Douglas, Peel and Ramsey.

Israel Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972, 1983 and 1995; estimates for 1953, 1955, 2001 and 2002. Definition: All settlements with more than 2,000 inhabitants, except those where at least one third of the households participating in the civilian labour force earn their living from agriculture. Italy Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Communes with 10,000 inhabitants or more. Jamaica Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1982, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2004 Definition: Kingston metropolitan area and se-lected main towns. Japan Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Definition: Densely inhabited districts (DID), defined as groups of contiguous basic unit blocks, each of which has a population density of 4,000 in-habitants or more per square kilometer or has pub-lic, industrial, educational and recreational facilities and whose total population is 5,000 persons or more within a shi, ku, machi or mura. Jordan Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1961, 1979, 1994 and 2004; estimates for 1967 and 1989; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more as well as the district and sub-district centres of each governorate, irrespective of population size. Kazakhstan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 1964, 1974, 1984, 1994, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families.


Kenya Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1969, 1979, 1989 and 1999. Definition: Municipalities, town councils, and other urban centres with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Because of substantial changes in the delineations of urban areas in the 1999 census, only the population in the “urban core” is considered as urban to ensure consistency with the definition used in previous censuses. Kiribati Sources of data: Censuses of 1968, 1973, 1978, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000; estimate for 2005; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: The island of South Tarawa. Kuwait Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1995; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: For 1970 and 1975: Capital Gover-norate and localities of 10,000 inhabitants or more. For data relative to 1980 through 1995: the urban agglomeration of Al-Kuwayt and localities of 10,000 inhabitants or more. Kyrgyzstan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 2004. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Lao People’s Democratic Republic Sources of data: Censuses of 1958, 1966, 1973, 1985, 1995 and 2005. Definition: Urban villages are defined in the 2005 census as areas within municipal vicinity of the centre of a municipality having more than 600 residents or more than 100 households. Such areas should have certain urban characteristics (roads, electricity, market function, tap water supply).

Latvia Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimates for 1981, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Lebanon Sources of data: Estimate for 1988; Sample Sur-vey of 1970; UN estimates for 1950, 1958, 1998 and 2000. Definition: Localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Lesotho Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006; estimate for 1972; UN esti-mate for 1950. Definition: District headquarters and other set-tlements with rapid population growth and with fa-cilities that tend to encourage people to engage in non-agricultural economic activities. Liberia Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1974 and 1984. Definition: Localities with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1973, 1984 and 1995; estimate for 1964. Definition: Municipalities of Tarabulus and Ban-gazi and urban parts of other municipalities.

Liechtenstein Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990; estimates for 1995, 2000 and 2005. Definition: No official definition. In this report, Vaduz municipality.


Lithuania Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimates for 1950, 2005 and 2007. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, according to criteria based on the number of inhabitants and the predominance of non-agricultural workers and their families.

Luxembourg Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991; estimates for 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2003. Definition: Communes with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Madagascar Sources of data: Censuses of 1975 and 1993; estimates for 1950, 1970 and 2004; Sample Survey of 1966. Definition: Centres with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Malawi Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1977, 1987 and 1998; estimate for 1956. Definition: All townships, town planning areas and district centres. Malaysia Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1991 and 2000; estimates for 1970 and 1980. Definition: Gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up areas and with a combined population of 10,000 persons or more. Built-up areas are areas contiguous to a gazetted area with at least 60 per cent of their population aged 10 years and over en-gaged in non-agricultural activities. These areas should also have modern toilet facilities in their housing units. Maldives Sources of data: Censuses of 1965, 1967, 1970, 1977, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2006. Definition: The capital of Male and other small settlements.

Mali Sources of data: Censuses of 1976, 1987 and 1998; estimate for 1960. Definition: Localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more and district centres. Malta Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1967, 1985, 1995 and 2005. Definition: No official definition available. In this publication, localities with at least 2,500 inhabi-tants. Marshall Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1973, 1980, 1988 and 1999; UN estimates for 1958 and 1967. Definition: The entire population of Majuro Atoll and the town of Ebeye Island on Kwajalein Atoll. Martinique Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1982, 1990 and 1999; estimate for 1967. Definition: For the census in 1990 and 1999, to-tal population of the Commune of Fort-de-France plus the agglomerations of other communes with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Mauritania Sources of data: Censuses of 1964, 1977, 1988 and 2000. Definition: Localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Mauritius Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1962, 1972, 1983, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2003. Definition: Towns with proclaimed legal limits. Mexico Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Definition: Localities with at least 2,500 inhabi-tants.


Micronesia (Fed. States of) Sources of data: Censuses of 1973, 1980, 1994 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Definition: Localities with at least 1,000 inhabi-tants.

Moldova Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989; estimate for 1996; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Monaco Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Monaco (capital). Mongolia Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1963, 1969, 1979, 1989 and 2000; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Capital city and district centres. Montenegro Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1991 and 2003; estimate for 2005. Definition: Not available. Montserrat Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1991; UN estimates for 1950, 1955, 1997, 1997, 2001 and 2004. Definition: Brades Estate/Plymouth (capital). Due to volcanic activity, Plymouth was abandoned in 1997. The government premises have been estab-lished at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat. Morocco Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1971, 1982, 1994 and 2004; estimate for 1952. Definition: Respectively 250 and 370 localities in the 1982 and 1994 censuses.

Mozambique Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1997; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: From 1950 to 1970: Conselho of Maputo and Beira; in the 1980 census: 12 cities (Maputo, nine provincial capitals and the cities of Nacala-Porto and Chokwe); in the 1997 census: 23 cities and 68 towns (vilas). Myanmar Sources of data: Censuses of 1973 and 1983; estimate for 1953; Sample Survey of 1957. Definition: Not available. Namibia Sources of data: Censuses of 1991 and 2001; UN estimates for 1951, 1960, 1970 and 1981. Definition: The district headquarters and other settlements of rapid population growth with facili-ties that encourage people to engage in non-agricultural activities. Nauru Sources of data: Censuses of 1977, 1983, 1992 and 2002. Definition: Entire population. Nepal Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: According to the 1961 census, locali-ties with 5,000 inhabitants or more (panchayats); According to later censuses, localities with at least 9,000 inhabitants. The criteria used to identify urban localities in terms of population size, density, conti-guity and occupational structure have changed over time and a set of complex rules that vary according to ecological zone and are based on annual revenue, population size and infrastructure has been used since 1999.

Netherlands Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Due to several changes in the defini-tion of urban areas, in this report urban includes all municipalities with 20,000 inhabitants or more.


Netherlands Antilles Sources of data: Censuses of 1992 and 2001; UN estimates for 1950 and 1960. Definition: Population of the urban agglomera-tions of Willemstad, Philipsburg and Kralendjik. New Caledonia Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1969, 1976, 1983, 1989, 1996 and 2004. Definition: Nouméa and communes of Dumbéa, Mont-Doré and Païta (as of 1969).

New Zealand Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001; estimates for 2002 and 2003; UN estimate for 2001. Definition: All cities plus boroughs, town dis-tricts, townships and country towns with a popula-tion of 1,000 inhabitants or more. Nicaragua Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1963, 1971, 1995 and 2005. Definition: Localities with more than 1000 in-habitants and with some urban characteristics, such as electricity, industrial and commercial centres. Niger Sources of data: Censuses of 1977, 1988 and 2001; estimates for 1956, 1962, 1966 and 2004. Definition: Urban centres, defined as localities serving as administrative headquarters for depart-ments and “arrondissements” as well as all adminis-trative centres with 2,500 inhabitants or more. Nigeria Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963 and 1991. Definition: Towns with at least 20,000 inhabi-tants, engaged mostly in non-agricultural work. Niue Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1971, 1986, 1991, 1997 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Alofi (capital).

Northern Mariana Islands Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimates for 1950, 1958, 1967, 1973, 1980, 1990 and 1995. Definition: Urban areas, defined in the 2000 cen-sus as densely settled territory that meets minimum population density requirements and encompasses a population of at least 2,500 persons. The estimated proportion urban for 1980 and 1990 was calculated by assuming that the entire population of Saipan Island was urban and the rest of the country was rural. For previous years, parts of Saipan Island were assumed to be rural. Norway Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990; estimates for 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004; Register of 2005. Definition: Localities with 2000 inhabitants or more. Occupied Palestinian Territory Sources of data: Census of 1997; estimates for 1950, 1961, 1975, 1997, 2001 and 2002. Definition: Any locality with at least 10,000 in-habitants; all governorate and district centres re-gardless of size; and localities whose populations vary from 4,000 to 9,999 persons provided they have at least four of the following services: public electricity network, public water network, post of-fice, health centre with a full-time physician and a school offering a general secondary education cer-tificate. Oman Sources of data: Censuses of 1993 and 2003; UN estimates for 1950 and 1960. Definition: Not available.

Pakistan Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998. Definition: Places with a municipal corporation, town committee or cantonment.


Palau Sources of data: Censuses of 1973, 1980, 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Definition: Koror Island. Panama Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Localities with 1,500 inhabitants or more, having the following urban services: electric-ity, water-supply and sewerage systems, paved roads, access to commercial establishments, secon-dary schools, and social and recreational centres.

Papua New Guinea Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Centres with 500 inhabitants or more, excluding separately located schools, hospitals, mis-sions, plantations, rural settlements and rural vil-lages, regardless of population size. Paraguay Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Definition: Administrative centres of the official districts of the Republic. Peru Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972, 1981, 1993 and 2005. Definition: Populated centres with 100 dwellings or more grouped contiguously and administrative centres of districts.

Philippines Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980 and 1990; estimates for 1995 and 2000. Definition: All cities and municipalities with a density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilome-ter; administrative centres, barrios with at least 2,000 inhabitants, and barrios with at least 1,000 inhabitants which are contiguous to the administra-tive centre; all cities and municipalities with a den-sity of at least 500 persons per square kilometer; and all other administrative centres with at least 2,500 inhabitants.

Pitcairn Sources of data: Censuses of 1986, 1991, 1993 and 1999; estimates for 2002, 2005 and 2010. Definition: No urban population. Adamstown (capital) defined according to administrative boundaries. Poland Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1978, 1988 and 2002; estimate for 2005. Definition: Towns and settlements of urban na-ture (for example, workers’ settlements, fishermen’s settlements and health resorts).

Portugal Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Agglomerations of 2,000 inhabitants or more. Puerto Rico Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Urban areas are densely settled terri-tory that meets minimum population density re-quirements and encompasses a population of at least 2,500 inhabitants. A change of definition in the 2000 census, from place-based to density-based, affects comparability before and after that date.

Qatar Sources of data: Censuses of 1986, 1997 and 2004; UN estimates for 1956, 1963, 1971 and 1979. Definition: Localities with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Republic of Korea Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1960, 1966, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Definition: Places with at least 50,000 inhabi-tants are usually considered urban. However, the reported proportion urban from the census refers to the total population of administrative units named dong, an administrative division of urban areas, rather than to places.


Réunion Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1967, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Definition: Communes with 2,000 inhabitants or more living in houses separated by at most 200 me-ters or communes in which the majority of the popu-lation is part of a multi-communal agglomeration. Romania Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1977 and 1992; estimates for 2002 and 2003. Definition: Municipalities and towns with certain urban socio-economic characteristics. Russian Federation Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 1964, 1974, 1984, 2005 and 2006. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Rwanda Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1978, 1991 and 2002; estimates for 1960 and 2005. Definition: Kigali; administrative centres of préfectures and important agglomerations and their surroundings. Saint Helena Sources of data: Censuses of 1956 and 1998. Definition: Jamestown (capital) and Half Tree Hollow. Saint Kitts and Nevis Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Basseterre (capital) and Charlestown. Saint Lucia Sources of data: Census of 1991; estimates for 1996 and 2001; UN estimate for 2005. Definition: Not available.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1982, 1990 and 1999; estimate for 1950. Definition: Saint-Pierre (capital). Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970 and 1980; estimates for 1991 and 2002. Definition: Not available. Samoa Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Urban area of Apia (capital), com-prising the districts of Vaimauga West and Faleata East. San Marino Sources of data: Census of 1976; estimates for 1987 and 1992; UN estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 2001 and 2003. Definition: Municipalities with 1,000 inhabitants or more. São Tomé and Príncipe Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: The district of Água Grande (São Tomé and Pantufo) and six other small settlements (as of 1991).

Saudi Arabia Sources of data: Censuses of 1974 and 2004; estimates for 1962 and 1986; UN estimates for 1950 and 1992. Definition: Cities with 5,000 inhabitants or more.

Senegal Sources of data: Censuses of 1976, 1988 and 2002; estimates for 1960 and 1970. Definition: Agglomerations of 10,000 inhabitants or more.


Serbia Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991; estimate for 2002. Definition: Not available. Seychelles Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1960, 1971, 1977 and 1987. Definition: No official definition. In the present publication, prior to 1971, Victoria City proper (capital). From 1971, greater Victoria agglomeration plus districts with population density greater than 1,500 persons per inhabited square kilometer in 2002 (Cascades, Pointe Larue, Anse aux Pins). Sierra Leone Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1974, 1985 and 2004. Definition: Towns with 2,000 inhabitants or more. Singapore Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2004. Definition: City of Singapore, including resi-dents and non-residents. Slovakia Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Cities with 5,000 inhabitants or more. Slovenia Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002; estimate for 2006. Definition: Settlements with over 3,000 inhabi-tants; settlements with 2,000-3,000 inhabitants and a surplus of workplaces; settlements that are seats of municipalities and have at least 1,400 inhabitants and a surplus of workplaces; suburban settlements that have fewer inhabitants but are spatially and functionally integrated with the city.

Solomon Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1976, 1986 and 1999; UN estimates for 1950 and 1959. Definition: Places with 1,000 inhabitants or more. Somalia Sources of data: Census of 1975; estimates for 1953 and 1963; Sample Survey of 2002; UN esti-mate for 1987. Definition: All district capitals and any other town or village with at least 1,500 inhabitants. South Africa Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1996 and 2001; UN estimates for 1980, 1985 and 1991. Definition: Localities are classified according to dominant settlement type and land use. Cities, towns, townships, suburbs, etc., are typical urban settlements. Enumeration areas comprising informal settlements, hostels, institutions, industrial and rec-reational areas, and smallholdings within or adjacent to any formal urban settlement are classified as ur-ban. The 1996 estimate was adjusted to match the 2001 census definition. Estimates for 1980, 1985 and 1991 obtained taking into account the popula-tions of Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei. Spain Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: Municipalities (municipios) with 10,000 inhabitants or more. Sri Lanka Sources of data: Censuses of 1953 and 2001; UN estimates for 1963, 1971 and 1981. Definition: Municipalities and urban councils only. Urban data for the censuses of 1963, 1971 and 1981 also include town councils, adjusted so as to match the revised definition used in 2001.


Sudan Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1973, 1983 and 1993. Definition: Localities of administrative and/or commercial importance or with a population of 5,000 inhabitants or more. Suriname Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1964, 1971 and 1980; estimates for 1987 and 1995. Definition: Great Paramaribo. Swaziland Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1997; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Localities defined as urban. Sweden Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1990; estimates for 1995 and 2000; Register of 2005. Definition: Built-up areas with at least 200 in-habitants and where dwellings are separated by at most 200 meters from each other (according to the administrative divisions of 2003). Switzerland Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 2003, 2004 and 2005. Definition: Communes with at least 10,000 in-habitants, including suburbs, and urban agglomera-tions with contiguous built-up area and at least 20,000 inhabitants. Syrian Arab Republic Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981 and 1994; estimate for 2006. Definition: Cities, Mohafaza centres and Man-tika centres, and communities with 20,000 inhabi-tants or more.

Tajikistan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimates for 2003 and 2005; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. TFYR Macedonia Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 1994. Definition: Population whose official place of residence is in urban settlements and settlements which, as urban units, have been integrated into ur-ban settlements and, taken together, represent one unit.

Thailand Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Municipalities. In 1999, 981 sanitary districts were reclassified as Tambon municipalities and estimates of the proportion urban were adjusted retrospectively.

Timor-Leste Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 2004; UN estimate for 1990. Definition: Dili (capital) and other small settle-ments (sucos) defined as urban. For 2004, the func-tional definition of urban given by the National Sta-tistics Directorate of Timor-Leste was used.

Togo Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970 and 1981; estimates for 1988 and 2005. Definition: Up to 1970: seven urban communes. Since the 1981 census: 21 administrative centres of prefectures.


Tokelau Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Definition: Not available. Tonga Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996; estimate for 1950. Definition: Population of Nuku'alofa. Trinidad and Tobago Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Port-of-Spain (capital), Arima bor-ough and San Fernando town. Tunisia Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1975, 1984, 1994 and 2004. Definition: Population living in communes. Turkey Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1960, 2002 and 2003. Definition: Population of localities within the municipal limits of administrative centres of prov-inces and districts. Turkmenistan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989; estimates for 1992, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families.

Turks and Caicos Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 2006; UN estimate for 1950. Definition: Refers to the islands of Grand Turk and Providenciales. Tuvalu Sources of data: Censuses of 1979, 1985, 1991 and 2002. Definition: Island of Funafuti. Uganda Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1969, 1980, 1991 and 2002. Definition: For 1991 and earlier: cities, munici-palities, towns, town boards and all trading centres with more than 1,000 inhabitants. For 2002: gazet-ted cities, municipalities and towns with more than 2,000 inhabitants. Ukraine Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimates for 1950, 1964, 1974, 1984, 2004, 2005 and 2007. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on the number of inhabitants and pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. United Arab Emirates Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1995; UN estimates for 1950 and 1960. Definition: Nine cities or towns (as of 1975).


United Kingdom Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961 and 1971; estimates for 1981, 1991 and 2001. Definition: For England and Wales, urban areas encompass continuously built-up urban land, the largest urban areas forming agglomerations in which urban subdivisions are recognized. In Scot-land, urban localities are identified as in England and Wales except that they do not extend across local government district boundaries. In Northern Ireland, urban areas are formed of continuously built-up land, forming an agglomeration in which urban subdivisions are recognized. Prior to 1974 (England and Wales) and 1975 (Scotland) the defi-nition of urban and rural was based on administra-tive boundaries. The census cover the de facto population. In order to use a consistent definition of urban areas over time, for the 2001 census urban areas were defined as localities with at last 1,500 people in England and Wales, at least 1,000 inhabi-tants in Northern Ireland, and all settlements and localities in Scotland. United Republic of Tanzania Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002. Definition: For the 1957 and 1967 censuses: 16 gazetted townships. Since the 1978 census, urban areas are defined using several criteria and include all regional and district headquarters, and all wards with urban characteristics (i.e., exceeding certain minimal level of population size or population den-sity or have few inhabitants in agricultural occupa-tions). Size and density limits are not available. Wards are urban based on a decision of the District or Regional Census Committees. United States of America Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Definition: Urban areas are defined as densely settled territory that meets minimum population density requirements and encompasses a population of at least 2,500 inhabitants. As of the 2000 census, the urban definition was changed from a place-based one to one based on density. However, this change has only a small effect on the comparability of estimates before and after 2000.

United States Virgin Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 2000. Definition: In the 2000 census urban areas are defined as densely settled territory that meets mini-mum population density requirements and encom-passes a population of at least 2,500 inhabitants. The proportion urban for earlier years was adjusted for consistency with this definition. Uruguay Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1975, 1985, 1996 and 2004. Definition: Cities as officially defined. Uzbekistan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989; estimates for 1994, 1997 and 2001. Definition: Cities and urban-type localities, offi-cially designated as such, usually according to crite-ria based on number of inhabitants and the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families. Vanuatu Sources of data: Censuses of 1967, 1979, 1989 and 1999. Definition: Port-Vila and Luganville.

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 1997. Definition: Places with 2,500 inhabitants or more.

Viet Nam Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 1970 and 2002; UN esti-mates for 1992 and 1994. Definition: Places with 4,000 inhabitants or more. Wallis and Futuna Islands Sources of data: Censuses of 1969, 1976, 1983, 1990, 1996 and 2003. Definition: No urban population. Mata-Utu (capital) defined according to administrative boundaries.


Western Sahara Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1982, 1994 and 2004; UN estimates for 1950, 1960 and 2006. Definition: Not available. Yemen Sources of data: Censuses of 1986, 1994 and 2004; estimates for 1950, 1960 and 1970. Definition: Capitals of 17 governorates and other towns. Zambia Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1969, 1980, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005.

Definition: Localities of at least 5,000 inhabi-tants and a majority of the labour force in non-agricultural activities. Zimbabwe Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1962, 1969, 1982, 1992 and 2002; estimate for 1974. Definition: Designated urban areas and places with at least 2,500 inhabitants whose population resides in a compact settlement and where more than half of the employed population is engaged in non-agricultural activities.

B. SOURCES OF DATA FOR ESTIMATES OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION AND CAPITAL CITIES Afghanistan

Kabul (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1979; estimates for 1966, 1971, 1986 and 2004; Sample Survey of 1999; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Albania

Tiranë (Tirana) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960,

1969, 1979, 1989 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Algeria

El Djazaïr (Algiers) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1960, 1977 and 1987; Sample Survey of 1998. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the Governorate of Grand Algiers.

Wahran (Oran)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1966, 1977, 1987 and 1998. Statistical concept: City proper.

American Samoa Pago Pago (capital)

Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimates for 1970, 1980 and 1990. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urban cluster, that is, con-tiguous territory in and around the city that meets minimum population density requirements. Prior to 2000, only City proper data were published. For other years, it was assumed that the ratio of the population of the Pago Pago agglomeration to the total urban population was the same as in 2000. Andorra

Andorra la Vella (capital) Sources of data: Estimates for 1950, 1959, 1965, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1999 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Angola

Huambo Sources of data: Censuses of 1960 and 1970; estimates for 1950, 1983, 1993, 2000 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Luanda (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 1970; estimates for 1983, 1991, 1993, 1996 and 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Anguilla

The Valley (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1992 and 2001; UN estimates for 1960, 1974 and 1984. Statistical concept: City proper. Antigua and Barbuda

St. John’s (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Argentina

Buenos Aires (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for Buenos Aires refer to Gran Bue-nos Aires.

Córdoba Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for Córdoba refer to Gran Córdoba.

Mendoza Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for Mendoza refer to Gran Mendoza.

Rosario

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

San Miguel de Tucumán

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for San Miguel de Tucumán refer to Gran San Miguel de Tucumán.

Armenia Yerevan (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Aruba

Oranjestad (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1991 and 2000; estimate for 1965. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Oranjestad includes Oranjestad West and Oranjestad East. Australia

Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976 and 1981; estimates for 1950, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Canberra (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976 and 1981; estimates for 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to Canberra and Queanbeyan. Austria

Wien (Vienna) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1981, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Based on the concept of a functional and structural urban area (Stadtregion) consisting of an urban core area (Kernzone) and surrounding urban areas (Außenzone). The surrounding urban area is defined as an area in which at least 30 per cent of working adults commute daily into the correspond-ing core area. Azerbaijan

Baku (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data include communities under the authority of the Town Council. The 1989 census produced data referring only to the city proper; the population of the urban agglomeration for that date


was estimated by assuming that the ratio of the population of the urban agglomeration to that of the city proper was the same as in 1979. Bahamas

Nassau (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1953. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Bahrain

Al-Manamah (Manama) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1959, 1965, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality of Al-Manamah.

Bangladesh Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Dhaka (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Mega city

Barbados Bridgetown (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to the Parish of St. Michael. Belarus

Minsk (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970,

1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 1950, 1955 and 2006.

Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data include communities under the

authority of the Town Council. The 1989 census produced data referring to the city proper only; the population of the urban agglomeration for that date was estimated by assuming that the ratio of the population of the urban agglomeration to that of the city proper was the same as in 1979.

Belgium Antwerpen Sources of data: Censuses of 1970 and 1981;

estimates for 1988, 1991 and 1995; UN estimate for 1961.

Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Bruxelles-Brussel (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1970 and 1981;

estimates for 1988, 1991 and 1995; UN estimate for 1961.

Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The data refer to the population of the

arrondissement of Brussels.

Belize Belmopan (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1980, 1991 and

2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Benin Cotonou Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956,

1979, 1992 and 2002; estimates for 1953, 1955 and 1965; Sample Survey, 1961.

Statistical concept: City proper. Porto-Novo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1979, 1992

and 2002; estimate for 1965; Sample Survey, 1961. Statistical concept: City proper.

Bermuda Hamilton (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970,

1980, 1991 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Bhutan

Thimphu (capital) Sources of data: Census of 2005; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1977, 1990 and 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Bolivia

La Paz (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1976, 1992 and 2001; estimate for 1995. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Which includes El Alto.


Santa Cruz Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1976, 1992 and 2001; estimate for 1995. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Sucre (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1976, 1992 and 2001; estimate for 1995. Statistical concept: City proper. Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Botswana

Gaborone (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1964, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper. Brazil

Baixada Santista, Campinas, Goiânia, Grande São Luís, Grande Vitória, Maceió, Manaus

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Belém

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 2000; estimate for 2005; UN estimate for 1991. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Belo Horizonte Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 2000; UN estimate for 1991. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Brasília (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The “regiõe metropolitana” refers to the “Regiõe Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e Entorno”.

Campo Grande Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Cuiabá, João Pessoa, Teresina Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Curitiba, Fortaleza, Natal, Norte/Nordeste Cata-rinense, Pôrto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Sal-vador, São Paulo


Florianópolis Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970 and 2000; estimate for 2005; UN estimates for 1980 and 1991. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. British Virgin Islands

Road Town (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1980 and 1991; estimate for 1970; UN estimate for 2000. Statistical concept: City proper. Brunei Darussalam

Bandar Seri Begawan (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Bulgaria

Sofia (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1965, 1985 and 1992; estimates for 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1975, 1985 and 1996; Sample Survey of 1968. Statistical concept: City proper.


Burundi Bujumbura (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1979 and 1990; estimates for 1970 and 2003; Register of 1950; Sample Survey of 1965. Statistical concept: City proper. Cambodia

Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1980 and 1998; estimates for 1950, 1966, 1970, 1975, 1975, 1979, 1985, 1990, 1993 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality of Phnon Penh including suburban areas. Cameroon

Douala Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1976 and 1987; estimate for 2001; Sample Survey of 1964. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Yaoundé (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1976 and 1987; estimates for 1969 and 2001; Sample Survey of 1962 and 1964. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Canada

Calgary, Montréal, Ottawa-Gatineau (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006; estimate for 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Refers to the Census Metropolitan Area.

Edmonton

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the Census Metropolitan Area

Toronto, Vancouver Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the Census Metropolitan Area.

Cape Verde Praia (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper. Cayman Islands

George Town (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Central African Republic

Bangui (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1964, 1975, 1988 and 2003; estimate for 1966; Sample Survey of 1960. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Chad

N’Djaména (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1962 and 1993; estimates for 1972 and 1978; Sample Survey of 1964. Statistical concept: City proper. Channel Islands

St. Helier (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Others. Note: Data refer to the parish. St. Helier is the capital of the Bailiwick of Jersey.

St. Peter Port Sources of data: Censuses of 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Others. Note: Data refer to the parish. St. Peter Port is the capital of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Chile

Santiago (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1960, 1970, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to Gran Santiago, which in-cludes the Province of Santiago plus cities within the Provinces of Puente Alto and San Bernardo.


Valparaíso Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1960, 1970, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the Greater Valparaíso. China

Anshan (Liaoning), Benxi, Changchun, Dalian, Fushun (Liaoning), Jinan (Shandong), Jinzhou, Nanchang, Tangshan (Hebei)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.

Anshun, Jining (Shandong) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1953. Statistical concept: City proper.

Anyang, Bengbu, Jixi (Heilongjiang) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Baoding, Chengdu, Guangzhou (Guangdong), Jilin, Lanzhou, Liuzhou, Nanning, Qingdao, Shi-jiazhuang, Wuhan, Xi’an (Shaanxi)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Baotou, Luoyang Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.

Beijing (capital), Shanghai Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Changde, Dandong, Hengyang, Heze, Huaibei, Huainan, Huzhou, Jiamusi, Jiaozuo, Jiaxing, Kaifeng

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Changsha (Hunan), Fuzhou (Fujian), Haerbin, Hangzhou

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990

and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Changzhou (Jiangsu), Daqing, Guilin, Hefei Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Chifeng, Tongliao, Weifang Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1953. Statistical concept: City proper.

Chongqing Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Datong (Shanxi), Guiyang, Hohhot

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Dongguan (Guangdong), Foshan

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Fuxin Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Fuyang Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Handan

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Huai’an Sources of data: Censuses of 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Jinxi (Liaoning)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 1990; estimate for 1953; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.


Kaohsiung, Taipei Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1964, 1982 and 1990; estimates for 1970, 1975 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Kunming, Nanjing (Jiangsu), Shenyang, Suzhou (Jiangsu)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Langfang, Linfen, Pingdingshan (Henan) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper.

Leshan, Lianyungang, Liaoyang, Linyi (Shan-dong), Mianyang (Sichuan), Shantou, Suining (Si-chuan), Taian (Shandong)


Liuan Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Liupanshui Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Luzhou, Mudanjiang, Nantong, Nanyang (He-nan), Ningbo, Qinhuangdao, Quanzhou, Shangqiu, Suzhou (Anhui)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Nanchong, Shenzhen Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1953 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Neijiang Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1953. Statistical concept: City proper.

Pingxiang (Jiangxi) Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Qiqihaer Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.

Shaoxing Sources of data: Censuses of 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Taichung

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 1990; estimates for 1970, 1975 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Tainan

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 1990; estimates for 1970, 1975 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Taiyuan (Shanxi) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.

Tianjin Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1964, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Tianmen, Xiantao, Xingyi (Guizhou), Xinyu, Yongzhou

Sources of data: Censuses of 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Tianshui, Wuhu (Anhui), Xianyang (Shaanxi) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Ürümqi (Wulumqi) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Wenzhou, Xiamen, Xining, Xinyang, Yichang, Yinchuan, Zhenjiang (Jiangsu), Zunyi

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.


Wuxi (Jiangsu), Xuzhou, Zhengzhou Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Xiangfan (Hubei) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Xinxiang, Yichun (Heilongjiang), Yingkou, Yiyang (Hunan), Yueyang, Zaozhuang, Zhangjiakou, Zhanjiang, Zibo, Zigong


Xuanzhou

Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 1990. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yancheng (Jiangsu), Yulin (Guangxi) Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yantai Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1953 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yibin Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yichun (Jiangxi) Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yuci Sources of data: Censuses of 1982 and 1990; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Zhaotong Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper.

Zhuhai, Zhuzhou Sources of data: Censuses of 1982, 1990 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Hong Kong (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006; estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for Hong Kong consist of the popula-tion of Hong Kong Island, New Kowloon, the new towns in New Territories and the marine areas. China, Macao Special Administrative Region

Macao (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Prior to 2001, the city of Macao included all the population in the country except for that of Coloane, Taipa, Co-Thai and the maritime popula-tion. After 2001, the entire population of Macao is considered urban.

Colombia Barranquilla

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to the nuclei of Barranquilla, Sole-dad, Malambo and Puerto Colombia.

Bogotá (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to the nuclei of Santa Fe de Bogotá, Soacha, Chia and Funza.

Bucaramanga Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to the nuclei of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Girón and Piedecuesta.


Cali Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Refers to the nuclei of Cali and Yumbo.

Cartagena Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Medellín

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Refers to the nuclei of Medellín, Barbosa, Bello, Caldas, Copacabana, Envigado, Girardota, Itagui, La Estrella and Sabaneta. Comoros

Moroni (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1980, 1991 and 2003; estimates for 1950 and 1970. Statistical concept: City proper. Congo

Brazzaville (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1961, 1974, 1984 and 1996; estimates for 1950, 2004 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Cook Islands

Rarotonga (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996; estimates for 1966, 1971 and 1976; UN estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the island of Rarotonga. The capital Avarua is located on Rarotonga. Population estimates for Avarua proper are not available. Costa Rica

San José (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1963, 1973, 1984 and 2000; estimate for 1996. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Urban population at the canton level.

Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1975, 1988 and 1998; estimate for 2006; Sample Survey of 1963 and 1978. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Yamoussoukro Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1988 and 1998; estimate for 1965. Statistical concept: City proper. Croatia

Zagreb (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Cuba

La Habana (Havana) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1970, 1981 and 2002; estimates for 1990, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Cyprus Lefkosia (Nicosia) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1960, 1973, 1982, 1992 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Czech Republic

Praha (Prague) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper. Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Hamhung Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1960, 1967, 1980 and 1987. Statistical concept: City proper.

N’ampo Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1960 and 1967. Statistical concept: City proper.


P’yongyang (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1967, 1980 and 1987. Statistical concept: City proper. Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kananga Sources of data: Censuses of 1956 and 1984; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1969 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Kinshasa (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1984; estimate for 2004; Register of 1950 and 1958; Sample Survey of 1967. Statistical concept: City proper.

Lubumbashi

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956 and 1984; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1969, 1970 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Mbuji-Mayi

Sources of data: Census of 1984; estimates for 1960, 1969 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper. Denmark

København (Copenhagen) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965 and 1970; estimates for 1976, 1981, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998; Reg-ister of 2002 and 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the Greater Copenhagen Re-gion which, from 1999 onward, consists of 16 mu-nicipalities, in whole or in part. Data prior to 1976 are based on the previous definition, where 28 mu-nicipalities were included in whole or in part. Djibouti

Djibouti (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1960; estimates for 1957, 1970 and 1995; Sample Survey of 1991; UN estimates for 1998 and 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the population of the “cer-cle”.

Dominica Roseau (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper. Dominican Republic

Santo Domingo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1993 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Ecuador

Guayaquil Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1962, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include the population of the locality of Eloy Alfaro.

Quito (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1962, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper.

Egypt Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Al-Qahirah (Cairo) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the cities of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Shubra al-Khaymah (Shubra-El-Khema). El Salvador

San Salvador (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1971 and 1992; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urban parts of the mu-nicipios of San Salvador, Mejicanos, Soyapango, Delgado, Ilopango, Cuscatancingo, Ayutuxtepeque and San Marcos.


Equatorial Guinea Malabo (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1983 and 1994. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Eritrea

Asmara (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1984; estimates for 1950, 1967, 1989, 1990, 2002 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Estonia Tallinn (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimates for 1996, 2001, 2002 and 2007. Statistical concept: City proper. Ethiopia

Addis Ababa (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1984 and 1994; estimates for 1950, 1967, 1999 and 2002. Statistical concept: City proper. Faeroe Islands

Tórshavn (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1966, 1970 and 1977; estimates for 1987, 1989, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality. Falkland Islands (Malvinas)

Stanley (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1962, 1972, 1980, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Federated States of Micronesia

Palikir (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1980, 1989, 1994 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Fiji Greater Suva (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include Lami. Finland

Helsinki (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1995. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data includes Espoo and Vantaa. France

Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, Nice-Cannes, Paris (capital), Toulouse

Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Lille Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990 and 1999; UN estimate for 1954. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. French Guiana

Cayenne (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1967, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the commune. French Polynesia

Papeete (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1996 and 2002; UN estimates for 1956 and 1971. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Gabon

Libreville (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1958, 1959, 1961, 1969 and 1993; estimates for 1960, 1961, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980 and 1981; Register of 1951 and 1957; Sample Survey of 1964. Statistical concept: City proper.


Gambia Banjul (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2003; estimate for 1967. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the local government areas of Banjul and Kanifing. Georgia

Tbilisi (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Germany

Berlin, Hamburg, Köln (Cologne) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1970 and 1987; estimates for 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

München (Munich) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961 and 1970; estimates for 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Ghana

Accra (capital), Kumasi Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1984 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Gibraltar

Gibraltar (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper.

Greece Athínai (Athens) (capital), Thessaloniki

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The agglomeration of Athínai includes the localities of Calithèa, Peristérion and Piraeus, among others. Greenland

Nuuk (Godthåb) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1976; estimates for 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Grenada

St.George’s (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include the parishes of St. George's Town and St. George. Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1967, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Guam

Hagåtña (capital) Sources of data: Census of 2000; UN estimates for 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urbanized area, that is, the contiguous territory in and around the city that meets minimum population density requirements. Prior to 2000, only data relative to the city proper were published. To obtain comparable estimates for those years, it was assumed that the ratio of the population of the capital agglomeration to the total urban population was the same as in 2000.


Guatemala Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1964, 1973, 1981, 1994 and 2002. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the municipio of Ciudad de Guatemala. Guinea

Conakry (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1983 and 1996; estimate for 1972. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Guinea-Bissau

Bissau (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1979 and 1991; estimates for 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper. Guyana

Georgetown (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1991 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Haiti

Port-au-Prince (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1971 and 1982; estimates for 1992 and 1996; UN estimate for 1999. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for 1971 and later refer to the urban agglomeration. Data for 1950 refer to the city proper. The 1999 estimate refers to the urban ag-glomeration that includes Port-au-Prince, Delmas and Carrefour. Holy See

Vatican City (capital) Sources of data: Estimates for 1950, 1964, 1970, 1978, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004; UN estimates for 1955, 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer solely to the population of the Vatican City State.

Honduras Tegucigalpa (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1974, 1988 and 2001; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Hungary

Budapest (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2001; estimates for 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Iceland

Reykjavík (capital) Sources of data: Estimates for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2003; Reg-ister of 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urban area in the region of the capital. India

Agra, Ahmadabad, Allahabad, Amritsar, Asansol, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bareilly, Bhopal, Chen-nai (Madras), Coimbatore, Delhi (capital), Dhan-bad, Durg-Bhilainagar, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gwalior, Hyderabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Jalandhar, Jamshedpur, Kanpur, Kochi (Cochin), Kolkata (Calcutta), Lucknow, Ludhiana, Madurai, Meerut, Moradabad, Mumbai (Bom-bay), Nagpur, Nashik, Patna, Pune (Poona), Raipur, Ranchi, Salem, Srinagar, Surat, Ti-ruchirappalli, Vadodara, Varanasi (Benares), Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Aligarh, Bhiwandi, Bhubaneswar, Hubli-Dharwad, Jodhpur, Kota, Kozhikode (Calicut), Mysore, Rajkot, Solapur, Thiruvananthapuram



Chandigarh Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Guwahati (Gauhati) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Jammu Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Indonesia

Bandar Lampung Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Bandung Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1950 and 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Bogor Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Jakarta (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1950 and 2003. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to the functional urban area, that is, contiguous areas that are consistently urban in character given their population density, economic functions and facilities. Jakarta covers five municipalities (kotamadya): Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Barat, and Jakarta Utara. For 1990 the data available did not refer to the functional urban area. An estimate for 1990 was derived by assuming that the ratio of the population in the functional urban area to the population in the relevant municipalities remained the same as in 1980.

Malang Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Medan, Surabaya Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1950 and 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Padang, Pekan Baru Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Palembang Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality.

Semarang Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 1950 and 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data for 1990 were adjusted to repre-sent the population in the functional urban area as described in the case of Jakarta.

Ujung Pandang Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1980 and 1990. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipality. Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Ahvaz, Esfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Iraq

Al-Basrah (Basra) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1987 and 1997; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper.


Al-Mawsil (Mosul) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1987 and 1997; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for earlier years refer to city proper.

Baghdad (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1977, 1987 and 1997; estimate for 2003; UN estimates for 2007 and 2008. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Irbil (Erbil) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965 and 1987; estimate for 1997; UN estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper. Ireland

Dublin (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2002 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Estimates for 1991 were obtained by using the ratio of the population in the urban agglomera-tion to that in the city proper as recorded in the 1986 census. Isle of Man

Douglas (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Israel

Hefa (Haifa) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972 and 1983; estimates for 1955, 1995, 1998, 2002 and 2004. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data prior to 1995 refer to the urban ag-glomeration.

Jerusalem (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972 and 1983; estimates for 1950, 1955, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Tel Aviv-Yafo (Tel Aviv-Jaffa) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972 and 1983; estimates for 1955, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data prior to 1995 refer to the urban ag-glomeration. Italy

Milano (Milan), Napoli (Naples), Palermo, Roma (Rome) (capital), Torino (Turin)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The metropolitan area was defined on the basis of the local labour market system (Sistemi lo-cali del lavoro) as captured by the 2001 census. The estimates presented in the 2007 Revision are based on a historically consistent series spanning the pe-riod 1951-2001 and referring to municipalities linked by strong flows of daily commuters for work. Jamaica

Kingston (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1982, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include St. Andrew. Japan

Fukuoka-Kitakyushu, Kyoto, Osaka-Kobe Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005; estimates for 1950, 1955 and 1960. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The Statistics Bureau of Japan has pro-vided the list of cities, towns and villages included in the urban agglomerations associated with the cit-ies of Fukuoka-Kitakyushu, Kyoto, Nagoya and Osaka-Kobe for each census year from 1960 to 1990. The number of cities, towns and villages in-cluded in these agglomerations has been rising as the agglomerations have expanded territorially. In 1990, the urban agglomeration of Fukuoka-Kitakyushu consisted of the contiguous densely in-habited districts (DIDs) of Fukuoka, nine cities sur-rounding Fukuoka, Kitakyushu and two cities sur-rounding Kitakyushu. The urban agglomeration of Kyoto consisted of the DIDs of Kyoto and six cities surrounding Kyoto. The agglomeration of Nagoya


consisted of the DIDs of Nagoya and 19 cities sur-rounding Nagoya. The agglomeration of Osaka con-sisted of the DIDs of Osaka, 35 cities surrounding Osaka, the city of Kobe and six cities surrounding Kobe. The estimates for 1995, 2000 and 2005 were calculated on the basis of the same definitions, in-cluding adjustments made to the DIDs after 1990.

Hiroshima, Sendai

Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Following the current definition of the metropolitan area used by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, estimates prior to 1970 are higher than offi-cial estimates for the city proper.

Nagoya Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005; estimates for 1950, 1955 and 1960. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The Statistics Bureau of Japan has pro-vided the list of cities, towns and villages included in the urban agglomeration associated with the city of Nagoya for each census year from 1960 to 1990. The number of cities, towns and villages included in this agglomeration has been rising as the agglomera-tion has expanded territorially. In 1990, the urban agglomeration of Nagoya consisted of the DIDs of Nagoya and 19 cities surrounding Nagoya. The es-timates for 1995, 2000 and 2005 were calculated on the basis of that definition, including adjustments made to the DIDs after 1990.

Sapporo Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Following the current definition of the metropolitan area used by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, estimates prior to 1970 are higher than offi-cial estimates for the city proper.

Tokyo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Ja-pan, census figures from 1990 to 2000 are based on the Keihinyo major metropolitan area (M.M.A.) and figures from 1960 to 1985 are based on the Keihin M.M.A. The population of Tokyo-to was estimated at 12.1 million persons in 2000 and that of the Ku-area of Tokyo, at 8.1 million persons. Jordan

Amman (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1961, 1979, 1994 and 2004; estimate for 1967. Statistical concept: City proper. Kazakhstan

Almaty Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Astana (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimates for 2004 and 2007. Statistical concept: City proper.

Kenya Mombasa, Nairobi (capital)


Kiribati Tarawa (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1968, 1973, 1978, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the island of South Tarawa, including the towns of Bairiki and Bikenibeu. The capital is Bairiki, but population estimates for Bai-riki are not available.


Kuwait Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980 and 1985; UN estimates for 1991, 1995 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for 1985 and 1995 refer to the Gov-ernorates of Capital, Hawalli and Farwaniya. The number and names of the governorates constituting the city have changed over time together with the limits of the urban agglomeration. Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Lao People's Democratic Republic Vientiane (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1973, 1985, 1995 and 2005; estimates for 1958 and 1966. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Latvia Riga (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimates for 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Lebanon Bayrut (Beirut) (capital)

Sources of data: Estimates for 1958, 1964, 1975, 1982, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002 and 2005; Sample Survey of 1970; UN estimate for 1991. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Lesotho

Maseru (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Liberia Monrovia (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1962, 1974 and 1984; estimates for 1991, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2004 and 2006; UN estimates for 2007 and 2008. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Banghazi

Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1964, 1973 and 1984; estimate for 1995; UN estimate for 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Tarabulus (Tripoli) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1964, 1973 and 1984; estimates for 1990 and 1995. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data prior to 1984 refer to city proper.

Liechtenstein Vaduz (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990; estimates for 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Lithuania

Vilnius (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimates for 2006 and 2007. Statistical concept: City proper. Luxembourg

Luxembourg-Ville (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991; estimates for 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Statistical concept: City proper. Madagascar

Antananarivo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1975 and 1993; estimates for 1952, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1971 and 2001; Sample Survey of 1966. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Malawi Lilongwe (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1977, 1987 and 1998. Statistical concept: City proper. Malaysia

Johore Bharu, Klang Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1991 and 2000; estimates for 1970 and 1980; UN estimate for 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Kuala Lumpur (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1991 and 2000; estimates for 1970 and 1980. Statistical concept: City proper. Maldives

Male (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1965, 1967, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Mali

Bamako (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1965, 1976, 1987 and 1998; estimates for 1960 and 1968. Statistical concept: City proper. Malta

Valletta (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1967, 1985, 1995 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include all the localities of the North-ern and Southern Harbour regions. Marshall Islands

Majuro (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1973, 1980, 1988 and 1999; UN estimates for 1958 and 1967. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Martinique

Fort-de-France (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1967, 1982, 1990 and 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the commune.

Mauritania Nouakchott (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1964, 1977, 1988 and 2000; estimate for 1957. Statistical concept: City proper. Mauritius

Port Louis (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1962, 1972, 1983, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Mexico

Aguascalientes, Ciudad Juárez, Culiacán Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005; Sample Survey 1995. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Chihuahua, Saltillo Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005; Sample Survey 1995. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Ciudad de México (Mexico City) (capital), Gua-dalajara, Mexicali, Monterrey, Puebla, Queréta-ro, San Luis Potosí, Tijuana, Torreón

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005; Sample Survey 1995. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

León de los Aldamas, Mérida, Toluca de Lerdo

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005; Sample Survey 1995. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to conurbations, each of which includes several localities. Moldova

Chisinau (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2004. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Monaco Monaco (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Mongolia Ulaanbaatar (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1963, 1969, 1979, 1989 and 2000; estimate for 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Montenegro

Podgorica (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2003. Statistical concept: City proper.

Montserrat Brades Estate (capital)

Sources of data: UN Estimates for 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 1997, 1997, 2001 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper.

Plymouth (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970 and 1980; estimate for 1991; UN estimates for 1950, 1955, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1997 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Due to volcanic activity, the former capi-tal, Plymouth, was abandoned in 1997. The gov-ernment premises were established at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat. Morocco

Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1971, 1982, 1994 and 2004; estimate for 1952. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Casablanca includes Mohammedia.

Fès Sources of data: Censuses of 1971, 1982, 1994 and 2004; estimates for 1952 and 1960. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Marrakech Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1971, 1982, 1994 and 2004; estimate for 1952. Statistical concept: City proper.

Rabat (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1952, 1960, 1971, 1982, 1994 and 2004. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Rabat includes Salé and Temara.

Mozambique Maputo (capital)


Myanmar Mandalay

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1973 and 1983. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Nay Pyi Taw (capital) Sources of data: Estimate for 2007; UN esti-mates for 2005 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yangon Sources of data: Censuses of 1973 and 1983; UN estimate for 1957. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Namibia Windhoek (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Nauru

Nauru (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1977, 1983, 1992 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The island of Nauru is considered a single urban agglomeration; the Government’s offices are located in Yaren District. Nepal

Kathmandu (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the municipality.


Netherlands Amsterdam (capital)

Sources of data: Register of 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipalities of Amstel-veen, Amsterdam, Diemen, Landsmeer, Oostzaan, Wormerland, Zaanstad

Rotterdam Sources of data: Register of 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipalities of Baren-drecht, Capelle a/d Ijssel, Krimpen a/d Ijssel, Maasland, Maassluis, Rotterdam, Rozenburg, Schiedam, Spijkenisse, Vlaardingen

s-Gravenhage (The Hague) Sources of data: Register of 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the municipalities of s-Gravenhage, Leidschendam, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Rijswijk, Voorburg, Wassenaar, Water-ingen Netherlands Antilles

Willemstad (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1981, 1992 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The 1981 census provided data only for the city proper. The population of the urban ag-glomeration for that date was estimated using the ratio of the population in the urban agglomeration to that in the city proper derived from the 1960 census. New Caledonia

Nouméa (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1963, 1969, 1976, 1983, 1989, 1996 and 2004. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Greater Nouméa includes the communes of Dumbéa, Mont-Doré and Païta (as of 1983).

New Zealand Auckland, Wellington (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Population estimates for 1996-2000 are based on the 2001 boundaries of urban areas, whereas estimates from 2001 onwards are based on 2006 boundaries of urban areas. Nicaragua

Managua (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1963, 1971, 1995 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Niger

Niamey (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1977, 1988 and 2001; estimates for 1962 and 1966. Statistical concept: City proper. Nigeria

Abuja (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1991 and 2006; UN estimates for 1953 and 1963. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Benin City, Ibadan Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963, 1991 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for 1953 and 1963 refer to city proper. Data for 1991 and 2006 refer to urban ag-glomeration.

Ilorin Sources of data: Censuses of 1963 and 1991; UN estimate for 1983. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Kaduna, Kano, Maiduguri, Zaria Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963 and 1991; UN estimate for 1983. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The 1983 data for the city proper were ad-justed by assuming that the ratio of the population of the urban agglomeration to that of the city proper was the same as in 1991. Data for 1953, 1963 and 1971 refer to city proper.

Lagos Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963, 1991 and 2006; estimate for 1971. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to Lagos State.

Ogbomosho Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963 and 1991. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Port Harcourt Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963 and 1991; UN estimate for 1983. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Niue

Alofi (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1971, 1986, 1991, 1997 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Northern Mariana Islands

Saipan (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000; UN estimates for 1950, 1958, 1967 and 1973. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: From 1980 to 2000, data refer to the island of Saipan (municipality of Saipan in the year 2000). The capital is Garapan, located on the island of Sai-pan, whose population was estimated at 3,588 per-sons in 2000. Government offices are located in Capitol Hill.

Norway Oslo (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990; estimates for 1999 and 2002; Regis-ter of 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Occupied Palestinian Territory

Ramallah (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961 and 1997; estimates for 2004 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include Al Bira. Oman

Masqat (capital) Sources of data: Census of 1993; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The 1993 census and all estimates since 1999 also include As Seeb, Bawshar and Mutrah. Pakistan

Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Hyderabad, Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Islamabad (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998. Statistical concept: City proper. Palau

Melekeok Sources of data: Censuses of 1980, 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Panama Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urban agglomeration of Panama City, including the urban districts of Balboa (Ancón), Arrajian, La Chorrera and San Miguelito. Papua New Guinea

Port Moresby (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1971, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper. Paraguay

Asunción (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Peru

Arequipa Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972, 1981, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data include the numerous urban districts of Arequipa, Miraflores, Yanahuara, Paucarpata, Cayma, Sabandia, Socabaya and Sachaca.

Lima (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1972, 1981, 1993 and 2005. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Gran Lima includes the capitals of the de-partments of Lima and Callao as well as surround-ing populated centres. Philippines

Cebu, Davao, Zamboanga Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Manila (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000; estimate for 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the National Capital Region.

Pitcairn Adamstown (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1986 and 1991; estimates for 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: Others. Poland

Kraków (Cracow), Lódz, Warszawa (Warsaw) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1978 and 2002; estimates for 1992 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The 2007 Revision is based on a time se-ries of consistent city population data available for the period 1950-2002. Portugal

Lisboa (Lisbon) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: Data refer to municipalities included in Grande Lisboa and the Peninsula of Setúbal, as well as that of Azambuja).

Porto Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Puerto Rico

San Juan (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urbanized area, that is, the contiguous territory in and around the city that meets minimum population density requirements. The implementation of a revised definition of the urbanized area in the 2000 census led to changes in the boundaries of the San Juan Urbanized Area. In the 2007 Revision, the time series for the San Juan Urbanized Area has been adjusted to maintain con-sistency with the 2000 census. The San Juan Urban-ized Area now includes the former urbanized areas of Caguas, Cayay, Humacao, and Vega Baja-Manati.


Qatar Ad-Dawhah (Doha) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1986, 1997 and 2004; estimates for 1962, 1967 and 2006; UN esti-mates for 1956 and 1971. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Republic of Korea

Bucheon Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005; UN estimate for 1955. Statistical concept: City proper.

Busan, Daegu, Daejon, Gwangju, Incheon, Seoul (capital), Suweon

Sources of data: Censuses of 1955, 1960, 1966, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data refer to the “metropolitan city” in each case.

Goyang Sources of data: Censuses of 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data refer to the “metropolitan city” in each case.

Seongnam Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data refer to the “metropolitan city” in each case.

Ulsan Sources of data: Censuses of 1966, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data refer to the “metropolitan city” in each case. Réunion

Saint-Denis (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1954, 1961, 1967, 1974, 1982, 1990 and 1999; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper.

Romania Bucuresti (Bucharest) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 and 2002; estimate for 2003. Statistical concept: City proper. Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk, Kazan Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 1999, 2004 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Krasnoyarsk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Perm, Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don), Saratov, Volgograd, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 2004 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Moskva (Moscow) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data include communities under the authority of the Town Council. The 1989 census produced data referring only to the city proper; the population of the urban agglomeration for that date was estimated by assuming that the ratio of the population of the urban agglomeration to that of the city proper was the same as in 1979.

Samara Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.

Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: The data include communities under the authority of the Town Council. The 1989 census produced data referring only to the city proper; the population of the urban agglomeration for that date was estimated by assuming that the ratio of the population of the urban agglomeration to that of the city proper was the same as in 1979. The same ad-justment was made in regard to the 2002 census.


Ufa Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002; estimates for 2004, 2004 and 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Rwanda

Kigali (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1978, 1991 and 2002; estimate for 1960; Sample Survey of 1996. Statistical concept: City proper. Saint Helena

Jamestown (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1987 and 1998; estimate for 1950; UN estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Saint Kitts and Nevis

Basseterre (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Saint Lucia

Castries (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1970, 1980 and 1991; estimates for 1996, 1998 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data include Castries Town and Cas-tries Sub-Urban. Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint-Pierre (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1982, 1990 and 1999; estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Kingstown (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970 and 1980; estimates for 1991 and 2003. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Samoa

Apia (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper.

San Marino San Marino (capital)

Sources of data: Estimates for 1962, 1973, 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Sao Tome and Principe

São Tomé (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refers to district of Água-Grande. Saudi Arabia

Ad-Dammam Sources of data: Censuses of 1974, 1992 and 2004; estimate for 1962; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper.

Al-Madinah (Medina)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1974, 1992 and 2004; estimates for 1950 and 1962. Statistical concept: City proper.

Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) (capital), Jiddah, Makkah (Mecca)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1962, 1974, 1992 and 2004; estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper. Senegal

Dakar (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1955, 1976, 1988 and 2002; estimate for 1969; Sample Survey of 1961. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Serbia

Beograd (Belgrade) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data include ten municipalities of the City of Belgrade.


Seychelles Victoria (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1977, 1987, 1994, 1997 and 2002; UN estimate for 1971. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data refer to city proper before 1971 and to the urban agglomeration since 1971, which contains the following districts: English River, Mont Buxton, St Louis, Bel Air, Mont Fleuri, Plai-sance, Roche Caiman, Les Mamelles. Sierra Leone

Freetown (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1974, 1985 and 2004. Statistical concept: City proper. Singapore

Singapore (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimates for 2004 and 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data include the resident and non-resident population. Slovakia

Bratislava (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. Slovenia

Ljubljana (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Solomon Islands

Honiara (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1976, 1986 and 1999; UN estimate for 1950. Statistical concept: City proper.

Somalia Muqdisho (Mogadishu) (capital)

Sources of data: Census of 1975; estimates for 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1972, 1982, 1984 and 2001; UN estimates for 1991 and 2007. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data for 1972 refer to urban agglomera-tion. South Africa

Bloemfontein (capital), Cape Town (capital), Port Elizabeth, Pretoria (capital), Vereeniging

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1985, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Durban

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Ekurhuleni (East Rand) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1985, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Johannesburg Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1960, 1970, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Spain

Barcelona, Madrid (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981 and 1991; Register of 2006. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area.

Valencia Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1981 and 1991; Register of 2006. Statistical concept: City proper.


Sri Lanka Colombo (capital), Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte

Sources of data: Censuses of 1953, 1963, 1971, 1981 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Sudan

Al-Khartum (Khartoum) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1973, 1983 and 1993; UN estimates for 1996, 2001 and 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Suriname

Paramaribo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1964, 1971, 1980 and 2004; estimate for 1995. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The data refer to the district of Paramaribo. Swaziland

Mbabane (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1997. Statistical concept: City proper. Sweden

Stockholm (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 1965; estimates for 1970, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000; Register of 2005. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data refers to “tätort”, according to the administrative divisions of 2005. Switzerland

Bern (capital), Zürich (Zurich) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data refer to the population contained within the contours of contiguous territory inhabited by at least 20,000 inhabitants consisting of a core area and surrounding area. The core and the sur-rounding areas have certain urban characteristics in terms of population density and economic functions.

Syrian Arab Republic Dimashq (Damascus) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970 and 1981; UN estimate for 1994. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Halab (Aleppo), Hims (Homs) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1981 and 1994. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Tajikistan

Dushanbe (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Thailand

Krung Thep (Bangkok) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Skopje (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 1994; estimate for 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Timor-Leste

Dili (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1990 and 2004. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data refer to city proper prior to 1990 and to the urban agglomeration after 1990. Togo

Lomé (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1970 and 1981; estimates for 1988 and 2005; Sample Survey of 1961. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Tokelau No capital. Non-self-governing territory of New Zealand. Each atoll (Atafu, Fakaofo and Nu-kunonu) has its own administrative center.

Tonga

Nuku’alofa (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986 and 1996; estimates for 1950 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper. Trinidad and Tobago

Port of Spain (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper. Tunisia

Tunis (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1956, 1966, 1975, 1984, 1994 and 2004; estimate for 1998. Statistical concept: City proper. Turkey

Adana Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Adana includes Seyhan and Yuregir.

Ankara (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1997 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Ankara includes Altindag, Cankaya, Etimesgut, Golbasi, Keçioren, Mamak, Sincan and Yenimahalle.

Antalya Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: City proper.

Bursa Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1997 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Bursa includes Nilufer, Osmangazi and Yildirim.

Gaziantep Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data for Gaziantep include the popula-tion of Sahinbey and Sehitkami.

Istanbul Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1997 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Istanbul includes Adalar, Avcilar, Bagi-cilar, Bahçelievler, Bakirkoy, Bayrampasa, Besik-tas, Beykoz, Beyoglu, Eminonu, Esenler, Eyup, Fatih, Gaziosmanpasa, Gungoren, Kadikoy, Kagithane, Kartal, Kuçukçekmece, Maltepe, Pendik, Sariyer, Sisli, Tuzla, Umraniye, Uskudar and Zeytinburnu

Izmir Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1997 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Izmir includes Balcova, Bornova, Buca, Cigli, Gaziemir, Guzelbahce Karsiyaka, Konak and Narlidere. The 1950 and 1955 data for Izmir refer to the city proper.

Konya Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Konya includes Karatay, Meram and Selçuklu.


Turkmenistan Ashgabat (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 1995; estimate for 1999. Statistical concept: City proper. Turks and Caicos Islands

Grand Turk (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980 and 1990; estimate for 2006. Statistical concept: City proper. Tuvalu

Funafuti (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1979, 1985, 1991 and 2002. Statistical concept: City proper. Note: Data refer to the island of Funafuti. Uganda

Kampala (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1969, 1980, 1991 and 2002. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Ukraine Dnipropetrovs’k, Donets’k, Kharkiv, Kyiv (Kiev) (capital), Odesa, Zaporizhzhya

Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2001; estimate for 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. United Arab Emirates

Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1995; estimates for 1960, 1968, 2002 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper.

Dubayy (Dubai) Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1995; estimates for 1950, 1960, 1968, 2002 and 2005. Statistical concept: City proper. United Kingdom

Birmingham, Liverpool, London (capital), Man-chester, Newcastle upon Tyne, West Yorkshire

Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The urban agglomeration of Birmingham

(also known as the West Midlands urban area) con-sists of 10 urban divisions, including Birmingham, Dudley, Oldbury/Smethwick, Solihull, Sutton Cold-field, Walsall, West Bromwich, and Wolverhamp-ton.

Glasgow Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1961, 1971, 1991 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam


Dodoma (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1957, 1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002. Statistical concept: City proper. United States of America

Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Bridgeport-Stamford, Buffalo, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincin-nati, Cleveland, Columbus (Ohio), Dallas-Fort Worth, Dayton, Denver-Aurora, Detroit, Hart-ford, Honolulu, Houston, Indianapolis, Jackson-ville (Florida), Kansas City, Las Vegas, Los An-geles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Louisville, Mem-phis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Nashville-Davidson, New Orleans, New York-Newark, Oklahoma City, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix-Mesa, Pittsburgh, Portland, Providence, Richmond, Riverside-San Bernardino, Sacra-mento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco-Oakland, San Jose, Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Tucson, Virginia Beach, Washington (D.C.) (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: The data refer to the urbanized area (UA), that is, contiguous territory that meets minimum population density requirements. Each UA is named after the most populous place or places contained within it. The implementation of a revised definition of UA for the 2000 census led to changes in the boundaries of several UAs. In the 2007 Revision, the time series for each affected UA has been ad-justed where possible for consistency with the 2000


census. Specifically, the UA of Baltimore is now defined to include the former Annapolis UA but no longer includes the separate Aberdeen-Havre de Grace-Bel Air UA; that of Boston now includes the former Brockton, Lawrence-Haverhill, Lowell, and Taunton UAs; that of Bridgeport-Stamford now in-cludes the former Bridgeport-Milford, Stamford, and Norwalk UAs; that of Chicago now includes the former Aurora, Crystal Lake, Elgin, and Joliet UAs; that of Cincinnati now includes the former Hamilton UA; that of Hartford now includes the former Bris-tol and New Britain UAs; that of Kansas City no longer includes the Lee's Summit UA; that of Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana no longer includes the Mission Viejo and Santa Clarita UAs; that of Miami now includes the former Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach and West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach UAs; that of Oklahoma City no longer includes the Norman UA; that of Philadelphia now includes the former Wilmington UA and that portion of the Trenton UA that was in the state of Pennsylvania; that of Providence now includes the former Fall River and Newport UAs; that of Richmond now includes the former Peters-burg UA; that of San Francisco-Oakland no longer includes the Concord, Livermore, and Vallejo UAs; that of San Jose no longer includes the Gilroy-Morgan Hill UA; that of Seattle now includes the former Tacoma UA but no longer includes the Marysville UA; and the Virginia Beach UA, which was formerly called Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, no longer includes the Suffolk ur-ban cluster.

El Paso, Rochester Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. United States Virgin Islands

Charlotte Amalie (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1960 and 2000; UN estimates for 1970, 1980 and 1990. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Note: Data refer to the urban cluster, that is, con-tiguous territory that meets minimum population density requirements. Prior to 2000, only data for the city proper were published. To estimate the population for the urban agglomeration in 1970,

1980 and 1990, it was assumed that the ratio of the population of the capital agglomeration to the total urban population was the same as in 2000. Data for 1950 and 1960 refer to city proper. Uruguay

Montevideo (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1963, 1975, 1985, 1996 and 2004. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Note: The metropolitan area of Montevideo in-cludes the urban population of surrounding locali-ties. Uzbekistan

Tashkent (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989; estimates for 1991, 1997, 2000 and 2001. Statistical concept: City proper. Vanuatu

Port Vila (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 1965. Statistical concept: City proper. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Barquisimeto Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1990 and 2001. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Caracas (capital), Maracaibo, Maracay


Valencia Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1990 and 2001; estimate for 1998. Statistical concept: Metropolitan area. Viet Nam

Hà Noi (capital), Thành Pho Ho Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1979 and 1989; estimate for 1970. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.


Hai Phòng Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1979, 1989 and 1999; estimate for 1970. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration.

Wallis and Futuna Islands Matu-Utu (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1976, 1983, 1990, 1996 and 2003. Statistical concept: Other.

Western Sahara El Aaiún (capital)

Sources of data: Censuses of 1960, 1970, 1982, 1994 and 2004; UN estimates for 1950 and 1974. Statistical concept: City proper.

Yemen Al-Hudaydah, Ta’izz


Sana’a’ (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1975, 1986, 1994 and 2004; estimates for 1950 and 1960. Statistical concept: Data for 1950, 1960 and 1975 refer to city proper and data for 1986, 1994 and 2004 refer to urban agglomeration. Zambia

Lusaka (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1950, 1963, 1969, 1980, 1990 and 2000. Statistical concept: Urban agglomeration. Zimbabwe

Harare (capital) Sources of data: Censuses of 1951, 1956, 1969, 1982, 1992 and 2002; estimates for 1972 and 1973. Statistical concept: City proper.


UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

Department of Economic and Social Affairs POPULATION DIVISION

DATA IN DIGITAL FORM

The 2007 Revision of the World Urbanization Prospects, prepared by the United Nations Population Di-vision, provides a comprehensive and consistent set of urban and rural population estimates and projections for the all countries and areas of the world, as well as for urban agglomerations with more than 750,000 inhabitants in 2007. The data referring to urban and rural areas cover the period 1950-2050 and those referring to urban agglom-erations cover the period 1950-2025. Detailed results from the 2007 Revision are available for purchase in two sets of files, distributed on a single CD-ROM.

The files are prepared in Excel 2003, which is compatible with all versions since Excel 5.0/95. The CD-ROM version launches a navigation interface upon insertion. The interface provides direct access to the files.

In the data sets, figures for 1950-2007 are estimates and those for years beyond 2007 are projections. With the exception of a selected set of annual indicators, estimates and projections are presented for years that are multiples of five. The urban, rural and city data presented are consistent with the medium variant of the 2006 Revision of World Population Prospects, the official United Nations population estimates and projections at the national level. A short description of each set of files is presented below; the list of file names and their contents are presented in detail in tables A and B on the following pages.

(1) Urban and rural areas: Ten files present estimates and projections of the population in urban and rural areas as well as associated indicators. The data are presented for 229 countries and areas individually and for 33 country aggregates, including the world as a whole, the more developed regions and the less developed regions, the major world areas and the world regions. The projected values cover the period 2007-2050. The files present information on: (1) the urban and rural population and the percentage urban in 2007; (2) the percentage of the population residing in urban areas; (3) the urban population by country; (4) the rural population by country; (5) the total population by country; (6) the average annual rate of change of the urban population; (7) the average annual rate of change of the rural population; (8) the average annual rate of change of the total population; (9) the urbanization rate or average annual rate of change of the percentage urban, and (10) the average annual rate of change of the percentage rural. All these data are presented for five-year periods. Annual time series are provided for the following five indicators: (10) the total population by country; (11) the urban population by country; (12) the rural population by country; (13) the percentage of the population residing in urban areas.

(2) Urban agglomerations: Eleven files present estimates and projections of the population in urban ag-glomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007. They cover the following indicators: (1) the total popula-tion of each urban agglomeration (also included as annual time series); (2) the average annual rate of change of the population of each urban agglomeration; (3) the percentage of the urban population residing in each urban agglomeration; (4) the percentage of the total population residing in each urban agglomeration. Three more files provide data for specific sets of urban agglomerations. The first one presents the 30 largest urban agglomerations ranked by population size over the period 1950-2025. The second presents a time series for the period 1950-2025 of the population of the 30 largest urban agglomerations in 2007. The third presents the population of the capital cities of each country for the year 2007. Lastly, four files (one per indicator) provide summary statistics for major areas, regions and countries with a population of at least 100,000 in 2007 on the number of cities, the percentage of the urban population and the urban population by size class of urban settlement.

The following citation should be used to indicate the source of any data derived from the data sets described above:

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2008). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision. CD-ROM Edition, data in digital form (POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2007).

World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Table A: Schematic Contents of Dataset on Urban and Rural Areas, 1950-2050

POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2007/1 All rights reserved.

File number File name Indicator presented Units Geographical

coverage

Number of countries or

areas

Type of indicator

Reference date Time period covered

Table in World Urbanization

Prospects

File 1 WUP2007-F01-Total_Urban_Rural.xls

Total, urban and rural population and percent-age urban

Thousands and Per cent

All countries and areas 229 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 2007 A.1

File 2 WUP2007-F02-Proportion_Urban.xls

Percentage of the popu-lation residing in urban areas

Per cent All countries and areas 229 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955, 1960,… 2045, 2050 A.2

File 3 WUP2007-F03-Urban_Population.xls

Total population residing in urban areas Thousands All countries

and areas 229 Stock indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,

1960,… 2045, 2050 A.3

File 4 WUP2007-F04-Rural_Population.xls

Total population residing in rural areas Thousands All countries


1960,… 2045, 2050 A.4

File 5 WUP2007-F05-Total_Population.xls Total population Thousands All countries


1960,… 2045, 2050 A.5

File 6 WUP2007-F06-Urban_Growth_Rate.xls

Average annual rate of change of the urban population

Per cent All countries and areas 229 Period

indicator Average per

year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,… 2040-2045, 2045-2050

A.6

File 7 WUP2007-F07-Rural_Growth_Rate.xls

Average annual rate of change of the rural population



year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,… 2040-2045, 2045-2050

A.7

File 8 WUP2007-F08-Total_Growth_Rate.xls

Average annual rate of change of the total popu-lation



year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,… 2040-2045, 2045-2050

A.8

File 9 WUP2007-F09-Urbanization_Rate.xls

Average annual rate of change of the percent-age urban



year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,… 2040-2045, 2045-2050

A.9

File 10 WUP2007-F10-Rate_Proportion_Rural.xls

Average annual rate of change of the percent-age rural



year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,… 2040-2045, 2045-2050

A.10

File 18 WUP2007-F18-Total_Population_Annual.xls Total population Thousands All countries


1952,… 2049, 2050

File 19 WUP2007-F19-Urban_Population_Annual.xls

Total population residing in urban areas Thousands All countries


1952,… 2049, 2050

File 20 WUP2007-F20-Rural_Population_Annual.xls

Total population residing in rural areas Thousands All countries


1952,… 2049, 2050

64

File 21 WUP2007-F21-Proportion_Urban_Annual.xls

Percentage of the popu-lation residing in urban areas


indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1951, 1952,… 2049, 2050

World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Table B: Schematic Contents of Dataset on Urban Agglomerations, 1950-2015

POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2007/2 All rights reserved.

File num-ber File name Indicator presented Units Geographical cover-

age

Number of countries or

areas

Type of indicator

Reference date

Time period covered

Table in World Urbanization

Prospects

File 11a WUP2007-F11a-30_Largest_Cities.xls

Population of the 30 largest urban agglom-erations ranked by population size at each point in time

Millions The 30 most popu-lous cities at each point in time

… Stock indicator 01-Jul

1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.11

File 11b WUP2007-F11b-30_Largest_Cities_in_2007_by_time.xls

Time series of the popu-lation of the 30 largest urban agglomerations in 2007

Millions The 30 most popu-lous cities in 2007 … Stock

indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.11

File 12 WUP2007-F12-Cities_Over_750K.xls

Population of each ur-ban agglomeration Thousands

All cities with 750,000 inhabi-tants or more in 2007

229 Stock indicator 01-Jul

1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.12

File 14 WUP2007-F14-Growth_Rate_Cities.xls

Average annual rate of change of the population of each urban agglom-eration

Per cent


229 Stock indicator

Average per year

1950-1955, 1955-1960,…. 2015-2020, 2020-2025

A.14

File 15 WUP2007-F15-Percentage_Urban_in_Cities.xls

Percentage of the urban population residing in each urban agglomera-tion

Per cent



1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.15

File 16 WUP2007-F16-Percentage_Total_in_Cities.xls

Percentage of the total population residing in each urban agglomera-tion

Per cent



1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.16

File 17a WUP2007-F17a-City_Size_Class.xls

Urban population, num-ber of cities and per-centage of urban popu-lation by size class of urban settlement

Various All countries and areas 195 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.17

File 17b WUP2007-F17b-City_Size_Class-Number.xls

Number of cities classi-fied by size class of urban settlement

Number of cities

All countries and areas 195 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.17

File 17c WUP2007-F17c-City_Size_Class-Percentage.xls

Percentage of urban population in cities clas-sified by size class of urban settlement


indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.17

File 17d WUP2007-F17d-City_Size_Class-Population.xls

Population in cities clas-sified by size class of urban settlement

Thousands All countries and areas 195 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 1950, 1955,…., 2020, 2025

A.17

File 13 WUP2007-F13-Capital_Cities.xls Population of capital cities in 2007 Thousands Capital cities 229 Stock

indicator 01-Jul 2007 A.13

65

File 22 WUP2007-F22-Cities_Over_750K_Annual.xls

Population of each ur-ban agglomeration Thousands



1950, 1951, 1952,… 2024, 2025

A.17

UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

Department of Economic and Social Affairs POPULATION DIVISION

World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

Data in Digital Form Copyright © United Nations 2008

All rights reserved

Date: ____________________________

Order Form Data set requested (please mark appropriate box with an “x”) Price in US$ CD-ROM:

World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision. CD-ROM Edition – Data in digital form (POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2007) ......................................$200.-

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ANNEX TABLES

Table A.1. Population of urban and rural areas at mid-year and percentage urban, 2007

Population (thousands)Major area, region and country

Population in urbanareas

Population in ruralareas Total Percentage urban

WORLD 3 293 944 3 377 283 6 671 226 49.4

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 909 975 313 029 1 223 004 74.4 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 2 383 969 3 064 254 5 448 223 43.8 Least developed countries (c) 224 743 579 707 804 450 27.9 Other less developed countries (d) 2 159 226 2 484 547 4 643 773 46.5

Less developed regions, excluding China 1 815 031 2 296 875 4 111 906 44.1

Sub-Saharan Africa (e) 289 938 517 488 807 425 35.9

AFRICA 373 372 591 601 964 973 38.7

EASTERN AFRICA 70 000 237 860 307 860 22.7 Burundi .................................................. 858 7 650 8 508 10.1 Comoros (1) ........................................... 234 605 839 27.9 Djibouti .................................................. 725 108 833 87.0 Eritrea ................................................... 980 3 870 4 851 20.2 Ethiopia ................................................. 13 813 69 286 83 099 16.6 Kenya .................................................... 7 982 29 556 37 538 21.3 Madagascar ........................................... 5 733 13 950 19 683 29.1 Malawi ................................................... 2 545 11 380 13 925 18.3 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 534 728 1 262 42.3 Mozambique .......................................... 7 718 13 679 21 397 36.1 Réunion ................................................. 751 55 807 93.1 Rwanda ................................................. 1 753 7 972 9 725 18.2 Seychelles ............................................. 47 40 87 53.8 Somalia ................................................. 3 136 5 563 8 699 36.0 Uganda .................................................. 3 955 26 929 30 884 12.8 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 10 128 30 326 40 454 25.0 Zambia .................................................. 4 198 7 724 11 922 35.2 Zimbabwe .............................................. 4 911 8 438 13 349 36.8

MIDDLE AFRICA 48 927 70 169 119 096 41.1 Angola ................................................... 9 505 7 519 17 024 55.8 Cameroon .............................................. 10 381 8 168 18 549 56.0 Central African Republic ......................... 1 665 2 677 4 343 38.4 Chad ..................................................... 2 819 7 962 10 781 26.1 Congo ................................................... 2 296 1 472 3 768 60.9 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 20 841 41 795 62 636 33.3 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 199 309 507 39.2 Gabon ................................................... 1 127 204 1 331 84.7 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 94 63 158 59.8

NORTHERN AFRICA 99 855 96 253 196 108 50.9 Algeria ................................................... 21 883 11 974 33 858 64.6 Egypt ..................................................... 32 193 43 305 75 498 42.7 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 4 764 1 397 6 160 77.3 Morocco ................................................ 17 377 13 848 31 224 55.7 Sudan .................................................... 16 420 22 140 38 560 42.6 Tunisia ................................................... 6 828 3 499 10 327 66.1 Western Sahara ..................................... 390 90 480 80.9

SOUTHERN AFRICA 31 902 23 779 55 682 57.3 Botswana ............................................... 1 108 773 1 882 58.9 Lesotho ................................................. 496 1 512 2 008 24.7 Namibia ................................................. 751 1 323 2 074 36.2 South Africa ........................................... 29 266 19 310 48 577 60.2 Swaziland .............................................. 281 861 1 141 24.6

WESTERN AFRICA 122 688 163 539 286 227 42.9 Benin ..................................................... 3 684 5 349 9 033 40.8 Burkina Faso ......................................... 2 827 11 957 14 784 19.1 Cape Verde ........................................... 313 218 530 58.9 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 9 277 9 985 19 262 48.2 Gambia .................................................. 951 758 1 709 55.7 Ghana ................................................... 11 566 11 913 23 478 49.3 Guinea ................................................... 3 176 6 195 9 370 33.9 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 503 1 192 1 695 29.7 Liberia ................................................... 2 232 1 519 3 750 59.5

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population DivisionWorld Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision

Table A.1. Population of urban and rural areas at mid-year (continued)




Mali ....................................................... 3 896 8 441 12 337 31.6 Mauritania .............................................. 1 273 1 851 3 124 40.7 Niger ..................................................... 2 331 11 894 14 226 16.4 Nigeria ................................................... 70 539 77 554 148 093 47.6 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 3 4 7 39.1 Senegal ................................................. 5 203 7 176 12 379 42.0 Sierra Leone .......................................... 2 194 3 672 5 866 37.4 Togo ...................................................... 2 722 3 863 6 585 41.3

ASIA 1 645 225 2 384 440 4 029 665 40.8

EASTERN ASIA 709 240 829 687 1 538 927 46.1 China (4) ............................................... 561 251 767 379 1 328 630 42.2 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 7 206 — 7 206 100.0 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 481 — 481 100.0 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 14 813 8 977 23 790 62.3 Japan .................................................... 84 810 43 157 127 967 66.3 Mongolia ................................................ 1 497 1 132 2 629 56.9 Republic of Korea .................................. 39 182 9 042 48 224 81.2

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 529 699 1 168 508 1 698 208 31.2 Afghanistan ............................................ 6 410 20 735 27 145 23.6 Bangladesh ............................................ 42 191 116 474 158 665 26.6 Bhutan ................................................... 220 439 658 33.3 India ...................................................... 341 247 827 768 1 169 016 29.2 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 48 410 22 798 71 208 68.0 Kazakhstan ............................................ 8 875 6 547 15 422 57.6 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 1 918 3 399 5 317 36.1 Maldives ................................................ 112 194 306 36.6 Nepal ..................................................... 4 712 23 484 28 196 16.7 Pakistan ................................................ 58 487 105 415 163 902 35.7 Sri Lanka ............................................... 2 908 16 391 19 299 15.1 Tajikistan ............................................... 1 777 4 959 6 736 26.4 Turkmenistan ......................................... 2 391 2 574 4 965 48.1 Uzbekistan ............................................. 10 042 17 330 27 372 36.7

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 262 101 310 399 572 500 45.8 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 290 100 390 74.4 Cambodia .............................................. 3 022 11 421 14 444 20.9 Indonesia ............................................... 116 832 114 795 231 627 50.4 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 1 740 4 119 5 859 29.7 Malaysia ................................................ 18 484 8 088 26 572 69.6 Myanmar ............................................... 15 575 33 224 48 798 31.9 Philippines ............................................. 56 503 31 458 87 960 64.2 Singapore .............................................. 4 436 — 4 436 100.0 Thailand ................................................. 21 021 42 863 63 884 32.9 Timor-Leste ........................................... 310 845 1 155 26.9 Viet Nam ................................................ 23 888 63 487 87 375 27.3

WESTERN ASIA 144 185 75 845 220 030 65.5 Armenia ................................................. 1 917 1 086 3 002 63.8 Azerbaijan .............................................. 4 380 4 087 8 467 51.8 Bahrain .................................................. 666 87 753 88.5 Cyprus ................................................... 595 259 855 69.7 Georgia ................................................. 2 312 2 084 4 395 52.6 Iraq ........................................................ 19 316 9 677 28 993 66.6 Israel ..................................................... 6 349 579 6 928 91.7 Jordan ................................................... 4 642 1 282 5 924 78.4 Kuwait ................................................... 2 804 48 2 851 98.3 Lebanon ................................................ 3 560 539 4 099 86.8 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 2 882 1 136 4 017 71.7 Oman .................................................... 1 856 739 2 595 71.5 Qatar ..................................................... 804 37 841 95.6 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 20 138 4 597 24 735 81.4 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 10 726 9 202 19 929 53.8 Turkey ................................................... 51 101 23 776 74 877 68.3 United Arab Emirates ............................. 3 408 973 4 380 77.8 Yemen ................................................... 6 729 15 660 22 389 30.1






EUROPE 527 686 203 598 731 284 72.2

EASTERN EUROPE 201 372 93 579 294 951 68.3 Belarus .................................................. 7 074 2 615 9 689 73.0 Bulgaria ................................................. 5 408 2 230 7 639 70.8 Czech Republic ...................................... 7 484 2 702 10 186 73.5 Hungary ................................................. 6 731 3 299 10 030 67.1 Moldova ................................................. 1 590 2 203 3 794 41.9 Poland ................................................... 23 329 14 753 38 082 61.3 Romania ................................................ 11 576 9 862 21 438 54.0 Russian Federation ................................ 103 778 38 721 142 499 72.8 Slovakia ................................................. 3 038 2 352 5 390 56.4 Ukraine .................................................. 31 365 14 841 46 205 67.9

NORTHERN EUROPE 81 732 15 454 97 186 84.1 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 46 103 149 30.9 Denmark ................................................ 4 703 739 5 442 86.4 Estonia .................................................. 927 409 1 335 69.4 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 20 29 49 40.9 Finland (9) ............................................. 3 323 1 954 5 277 63.0 Iceland .................................................. 278 23 301 92.2 Ireland ................................................... 2 625 1 676 4 301 61.0 Isle of Man ............................................. 40 39 79 50.9 Latvia .................................................... 1 549 728 2 277 68.0 Lithuania ................................................ 2 265 1 125 3 390 66.8 Norway (10) ........................................... 3 636 1 062 4 698 77.5 Sweden ................................................. 7 701 1 418 9 119 84.5 United Kingdom ..................................... 54 620 6 149 60 769 89.9

SOUTHERN EUROPE 101 271 50 374 151 645 66.8 Albania .................................................. 1 469 1 721 3 190 46.1 Andorra ................................................. 67 8 75 89.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 1 844 2 091 3 935 46.9 Croatia .................................................. 2 593 1 962 4 555 56.9 Gibraltar ................................................ 29 — 29 100.0 Greece .................................................. 6 770 4 377 11 147 60.7 Holy See (11) ......................................... 1 — 1 100.0 Italy ....................................................... 39 958 18 919 58 877 67.9 Malta ..................................................... 383 24 407 94.1 Montenegro ........................................... 361 237 598 60.8 Portugal ................................................. 6 254 4 369 10 623 58.9 San Marino ............................................ 29 2 31 94.2 Serbia .................................................... 5 104 4 754 9 858 51.8 Slovenia ................................................. 976 1 025 2 002 48.9 Spain ..................................................... 34 079 10 200 44 279 77.0 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 1 354 684 2 038 66.4

WESTERN EUROPE 143 311 44 191 187 502 76.4 Austria ................................................... 5 593 2 768 8 361 66.9 Belgium ................................................. 10 179 278 10 457 97.3 France ................................................... 47 541 14 106 61 647 77.1 Germany ................................................ 60 727 21 873 82 599 73.5 Liechtenstein ......................................... 5 30 35 14.3 Luxembourg ........................................... 385 81 467 82.5 Monaco ................................................. 33 — 33 100.0 Netherlands ........................................... 13 356 3 063 16 419 81.3 Switzerland ............................................ 5 492 1 992 7 484 73.4

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 448 006 124 200 572 206 78.3

CARIBBEAN 26 961 14 285 41 246 65.4 Anguilla ................................................. 13 — 13 100.0 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 26 59 85 30.5 Aruba .................................................... 48 55 104 46.7 Bahamas ............................................... 277 55 331 83.5 Barbados ............................................... 116 178 294 39.3 British Virgin Islands ............................... 9 13 23 40.3 Cayman Islands ..................................... 47 — 47 100.0 Cuba ..................................................... 8 520 2 748 11 268 75.6






Dominica ............................................... 50 18 67 73.6 Dominican Republic ............................... 6 668 3 092 9 760 68.3 Grenada ................................................ 32 73 106 30.7 Guadeloupe ........................................... 437 8 445 98.3 Haiti ....................................................... 4 373 5 225 9 598 45.6 Jamaica ................................................. 1 439 1 275 2 714 53.0 Martinique .............................................. 391 8 399 98.0 Montserrat ............................................. 1 5 6 14.0 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 177 14 192 92.5 Puerto Rico ............................................ 3 920 71 3 991 98.2 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 16 34 50 32.2 Saint Lucia ............................................. 46 119 165 27.7 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 56 64 120 46.6 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 171 1 162 1 333 12.9 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 23 2 26 91.3 United States Virgin Islands .................... 105 6 111 94.7

CENTRAL AMERICA 104 414 43 140 147 554 70.8 Belize .................................................... 147 140 288 51.2 Costa Rica ............................................. 2 804 1 664 4 468 62.8 El Salvador ............................................ 4 138 2 719 6 857 60.3 Guatemala ............................................. 6 419 6 935 13 354 48.1 Honduras ............................................... 3 368 3 738 7 106 47.4 Mexico ................................................... 81 951 24 584 106 535 76.9 Nicaragua .............................................. 3 163 2 440 5 603 56.5 Panama ................................................. 2 424 919 3 343 72.5

SOUTH AMERICA 316 631 66 775 383 406 82.6 Argentina ............................................... 36 298 3 233 39 531 91.8 Bolivia .................................................... 6 205 3 319 9 525 65.2 Brazil ..................................................... 163 462 28 329 191 791 85.2 Chile ...................................................... 14 675 1 960 16 635 88.2 Colombia ............................................... 34 237 11 919 46 156 74.2 Ecuador ................................................. 8 670 4 671 13 341 65.0 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 3 0 3 91.5 French Guiana ....................................... 153 49 202 75.9 Guyana .................................................. 208 530 738 28.2 Paraguay ............................................... 3 658 2 469 6 127 59.7 Peru ...................................................... 19 890 8 012 27 903 71.3 Suriname ............................................... 342 116 458 74.6 Uruguay ................................................. 3 080 260 3 340 92.2 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 25 749 1 908 27 657 93.1

NORTHERN AMERICA 275 494 63 337 338 831 81.3 Bermuda ................................................ 65 — 65 100.0 Canada .................................................. 26 394 6 482 32 876 80.3 Greenland .............................................. 48 10 58 83.3 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 6 1 6 89.1 United States of America ........................ 248 981 56 845 305 826 81.4

OCEANIA 24 160 10 108 34 267 70.5

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 21 984 2 938 24 922 88.2 Australia (13) ......................................... 18 373 2 370 20 743 88.6 New Zealand .......................................... 3 611 567 4 179 86.4

MELANESIA 1 524 6 610 8 133 18.7 Fiji ......................................................... 435 404 839 51.8 New Caledonia ....................................... 156 86 242 64.4 Papua New Guinea ................................ 791 5 540 6 331 12.5 Solomon Islands .................................... 87 409 496 17.6 Vanuatu ................................................. 55 171 226 24.3

MICRONESIA 372 181 553 67.3 Guam .................................................... 161 12 173 93.1 Kiribati ................................................... 42 54 95 43.6 Marshall Islands ..................................... 42 17 59 70.7 Micronesia (Fed. States of) .................... 25 86 111 22.4 Nauru .................................................... 10 — 10 100.0






Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 76 8 84 91.0 Palau ..................................................... 16 4 20 79.7

POLYNESIA 280 380 659 42.4 American Samoa .................................... 62 5 67 92.0 Cook Islands .......................................... 10 4 13 73.0 French Polynesia ................................... 135 127 263 51.6 Niue ....................................................... 1 1 2 38.0 Pitcairn .................................................. — 0 0 — Samoa ................................................... 43 144 187 22.7 Tokelau ................................................. — 1 1 — Tonga .................................................... 25 76 100 24.4 Tuvalu ................................................... 5 5 11 49.0 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — 15 15 —

a More developed regions comprise Europe, Northern America, Australia/New Zealand and Japan. b Less developed regions comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean plus Melanesia, Micrones c The least developed countries are 50 countries, 34 in Africa, 10 in Asia, 5 in Oceania plus one in Latin America and the Caribbean. d Other less developed countries comprise the less developed regions excluding the least developed countries. e Sub-Saharan Africa refers to all of Africa except Northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Including Mayotte. 2 Including Agalega, Rodrigues, and Saint Brandon. 3 Including Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha. 4 For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China. 5 As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 6 As of 20 December 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 7 The regions Southern Asia and Central Asia are combined into South-Central Asia. 8 Refers to Guernsey, and Jersey. 9 Including Åland Islands.10 Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.11 Refers to the Vatican City State.12 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.13 Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island.


Table A.2. Percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areasby major area, region and country, 1950-2050

Estimates: 1950-2005

Percentage urbanMajor area, region and country

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

WORLD 29.1 30.9 32.9 34.7 36.0 37.3 39.1 40.9 43.0 44.7 46.6

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 52.5 55.6 58.7 61.7 64.6 67.0 68.8 70.0 71.2 72.2 73.1 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 18.0 19.7 21.7 23.7 25.3 27.0 29.6 32.3 35.1 37.6 40.2 Least developed countries (c) 7.3 8.3 9.5 11.1 13.1 14.8 17.3 19.1 21.0 22.9 24.8 Other less developed countries (d) 19.4 21.2 23.3 25.4 26.9 28.6 31.2 34.1 37.2 39.8 42.6

Less developed regions, excluding China 20.2 22.1 24.1 26.3 28.7 31.1 33.6 35.9 38.0 39.8 41.6

Sub-Saharan Africa (e) 11.1 12.7 14.8 17.2 19.5 21.7 23.9 25.9 28.2 30.6 32.8

AFRICA 14.5 16.4 18.7 21.3 23.6 25.7 27.9 29.9 32.0 34.1 35.9

EASTERN AFRICA 5.3 6.3 7.4 8.8 10.4 12.4 14.7 16.3 17.9 19.5 20.7 Burundi .................................................. 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 3.2 4.3 5.2 6.3 7.2 8.3 Comoros (1) ........................................... 6.6 9.2 12.6 17.0 19.4 21.2 23.2 25.5 27.9 28.3 28.1 Djibouti .................................................. 39.8 45.0 50.3 56.1 61.8 67.1 72.1 74.6 75.7 79.7 83.3 Eritrea ................................................... 7.1 8.3 9.8 11.4 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.2 15.8 16.6 17.8 Ethiopia ................................................. 4.6 5.4 6.4 7.6 8.6 9.5 10.4 11.5 12.6 13.9 14.9 Kenya .................................................... 5.6 6.4 7.4 8.6 10.3 12.9 15.7 17.0 18.2 19.0 19.7 Madagascar ........................................... 7.8 9.1 10.6 12.4 14.1 16.3 18.5 20.9 23.6 25.8 27.1 Malawi ................................................... 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 6.1 7.7 9.1 10.2 11.6 13.3 15.2 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 29.3 30.9 33.2 37.0 42.0 43.4 42.4 42.3 43.9 43.3 42.7 Mozambique .......................................... 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.6 5.8 8.7 13.1 16.7 21.1 26.2 30.7 Réunion ................................................. 23.5 27.9 32.8 38.2 41.7 44.5 53.5 67.9 81.2 86.1 89.9 Rwanda ................................................. 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.2 4.0 4.7 5.1 5.4 8.3 13.8 Seychelles ............................................. 27.4 27.5 27.7 33.1 39.1 46.3 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.9 51.0 Somalia ................................................. 12.7 14.9 17.3 20.0 22.7 25.5 26.8 28.1 29.7 31.4 33.2 Uganda .................................................. 2.8 3.5 4.4 5.5 6.7 7.0 7.5 9.2 11.1 11.7 12.1 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 3.5 4.4 5.2 6.0 7.9 11.1 14.6 16.8 18.9 20.5 22.3 Zambia .................................................. 11.5 14.5 18.1 23.4 30.4 34.9 39.8 39.7 39.4 37.1 34.8 Zimbabwe .............................................. 10.6 11.6 12.6 14.6 17.4 19.9 22.4 25.4 29.0 31.7 33.8

MIDDLE AFRICA 14.0 15.8 17.7 21.0 24.9 27.1 29.0 30.6 32.5 34.7 37.2 Angola ................................................... 7.6 8.9 10.4 12.5 15.0 19.1 24.3 30.3 37.1 44.0 49.0 Cameroon .............................................. 9.3 11.4 13.9 16.9 20.3 27.3 31.9 36.2 40.7 45.3 49.9 Central African Republic ......................... 14.4 17.1 20.1 23.5 27.3 32.0 33.9 35.5 36.8 37.2 37.6 Chad ..................................................... 4.5 5.5 6.7 8.4 11.6 15.6 18.8 19.8 20.8 21.9 23.4 Congo ................................................... 24.9 28.1 31.6 35.3 39.1 43.3 47.9 52.2 54.3 56.4 58.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 19.1 20.7 22.3 26.1 30.3 29.5 28.7 28.0 27.8 28.4 29.8 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 15.5 20.4 25.5 26.5 27.0 27.4 27.9 29.9 34.7 38.8 38.8 Gabon ................................................... 11.4 14.1 17.4 23.8 32.0 43.0 54.7 62.4 69.1 75.4 80.1 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 13.5 14.7 16.1 21.8 29.5 31.6 33.5 38.0 43.6 48.6 53.4

NORTHERN AFRICA 24.8 27.5 30.4 33.8 36.3 38.4 40.3 42.5 44.7 46.7 48.4 Algeria ................................................... 22.2 26.1 30.5 37.6 39.5 40.3 43.5 48.0 52.1 56.0 59.8 Egypt ..................................................... 31.9 34.8 37.9 40.7 42.2 43.5 43.9 43.9 43.5 42.8 42.6 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 19.5 23.2 27.3 33.7 49.7 62.8 70.1 75.5 75.7 76.0 76.4 Morocco ................................................ 26.2 27.7 29.4 31.9 34.5 37.7 41.2 44.8 48.4 51.7 53.3 Sudan .................................................... 6.8 8.6 10.7 13.4 16.5 18.9 20.0 22.4 26.6 31.3 36.1 Tunisia ................................................... 32.3 35.2 37.5 39.7 43.5 47.6 50.6 53.8 57.9 61.5 63.4 Western Sahara ..................................... 31.0 31.1 31.2 36.2 42.1 60.6 77.4 84.2 86.2 87.2 83.9

SOUTHERN AFRICA 37.6 39.7 41.9 42.8 43.7 44.2 44.7 46.0 48.8 51.4 53.9 Botswana ............................................... 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.8 7.8 11.9 16.5 26.7 41.9 49.0 53.2 Lesotho ................................................. 1.4 1.9 3.4 6.3 8.6 10.8 11.5 11.8 14.0 17.0 20.0 Namibia ................................................. 13.4 15.5 17.9 20.0 22.3 23.7 25.1 26.4 27.7 29.8 32.4 South Africa ........................................... 42.2 44.4 46.6 47.2 47.8 48.1 48.4 49.4 52.0 54.5 56.9 Swaziland .............................................. 1.8 2.4 3.9 6.5 9.7 14.0 17.8 21.8 22.9 23.0 23.3

WESTERN AFRICA 9.9 11.9 15.2 18.7 21.4 24.2 27.3 30.2 33.2 36.0 38.8 Benin ..................................................... 5.0 6.8 9.3 12.5 16.7 21.9 27.3 30.8 34.5 36.8 38.3 Burkina Faso ......................................... 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.3 8.8 12.3 13.8 15.1 16.6 Cape Verde ........................................... 14.2 15.4 16.7 18.1 19.6 21.4 23.5 31.5 44.1 48.8 53.4 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 10.0 13.1 17.7 24.5 28.2 32.2 36.9 38.3 39.7 41.4 43.5 Gambia .................................................. 10.3 11.2 12.1 14.5 19.5 24.4 28.4 33.0 38.3 43.8 49.1 Ghana ................................................... 15.4 19.1 23.3 26.1 29.0 30.1 31.2 32.9 36.4 40.1 44.0 Guinea ................................................... 6.7 8.4 10.5 13.0 16.0 19.5 23.6 26.6 28.0 29.5 31.0 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 10.0 11.7 13.6 14.3 15.1 16.0 17.6 22.4 28.1 29.8 29.7 Liberia ................................................... 13.0 15.6 18.6 22.1 26.0 30.4 35.2 40.3 45.3 50.0 54.3


Table A.2. Percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areas (continued)

2010-2050: Projections


2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

48.6 50.6 52.7 54.9 57.2 59.7 62.2 64.7 67.2 69.6 WORLD

74.0 75.0 76.2 77.5 79.0 80.6 82.1 83.5 84.8 86.0 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)42.7 45.3 47.9 50.5 53.2 56.0 58.8 61.6 64.3 67.0 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b)27.0 29.4 32.1 35.0 38.1 41.5 44.9 48.4 52.0 55.5 Least developed countries (c)45.4 48.1 50.9 53.6 56.4 59.2 62.1 64.9 67.6 70.3 Other less developed countries (d)

Less developed regions, excluding 43.4 45.3 47.4 49.6 52.1 54.8 57.5 60.3 63.0 65.7 China

35.0 37.3 39.8 42.4 45.2 48.2 51.2 54.3 57.4 60.5 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

37.9 39.9 42.2 44.6 47.2 50.0 52.9 55.9 58.8 61.8 AFRICA

22.1 23.7 25.6 27.9 30.6 33.7 37.0 40.4 44.0 47.6 EASTERN AFRICA9.5 11.0 12.7 14.8 17.1 19.8 22.7 26.0 29.5 33.3 Burundi ..................................................

27.9 28.2 29.2 30.8 33.3 36.5 39.9 43.5 47.1 50.7 Comoros (1) ...........................................86.1 88.1 89.6 90.6 91.3 92.0 92.6 93.2 93.7 94.2 Djibouti ..................................................19.4 21.6 24.3 27.5 30.8 34.4 38.1 42.0 46.0 50.1 Eritrea ...................................................16.1 17.6 19.4 21.6 24.2 27.4 30.7 34.4 38.2 42.1 Ethiopia .................................................20.7 22.2 24.1 26.6 29.6 33.0 36.6 40.4 44.2 48.1 Kenya ....................................................28.5 30.2 32.3 34.9 37.9 41.4 45.0 48.7 52.4 56.1 Madagascar ...........................................17.3 19.8 22.5 25.5 28.8 32.4 36.2 40.2 44.3 48.5 Malawi ...................................................42.3 42.6 43.6 45.4 47.9 51.1 54.2 57.4 60.4 63.4 Mauritius (2) ..........................................34.5 38.4 42.4 46.3 50.1 53.7 57.3 60.8 64.1 67.4 Mozambique ..........................................92.4 94.0 95.0 95.7 96.0 96.3 96.6 96.9 97.1 97.3 Réunion .................................................17.5 18.9 20.5 22.6 25.2 28.3 31.6 35.2 39.0 42.9 Rwanda .................................................52.9 55.3 58.2 61.1 63.9 66.6 69.2 71.6 74.0 76.2 Seychelles .............................................35.2 37.4 40.1 43.0 46.3 49.9 53.4 56.9 60.3 63.7 Somalia .................................................12.5 13.3 14.4 15.9 18.0 20.6 23.4 26.5 29.9 33.5 Uganda ..................................................24.2 26.4 28.9 31.8 35.1 38.7 42.4 46.2 50.1 54.0 United Republic of Tanzania ...................35.0 35.7 37.0 38.9 41.5 44.7 48.1 51.6 55.0 58.4 Zambia ..................................................35.9 38.3 40.9 43.9 47.2 50.7 54.2 57.7 61.1 64.3 Zimbabwe ..............................................

39.9 42.9 46.1 49.2 52.2 55.3 58.4 61.4 64.5 67.4 MIDDLE AFRICA54.0 58.5 62.5 66.0 69.0 71.6 74.1 76.4 78.5 80.5 Angola ...................................................54.3 58.4 62.1 65.5 68.4 71.0 73.4 75.7 77.9 79.9 Cameroon ..............................................38.1 38.9 40.4 42.5 45.2 48.4 51.8 55.1 58.4 61.6 Central African Republic .........................25.3 27.6 30.5 33.9 37.5 41.2 45.1 49.0 52.9 56.7 Chad .....................................................60.2 62.1 64.2 66.3 68.6 70.9 73.1 75.2 77.1 79.0 Congo ...................................................32.1 35.2 38.6 42.0 45.6 49.2 52.8 56.3 59.8 63.2 Democratic Republic of the Congo .........38.9 39.7 41.1 43.3 46.1 49.4 52.7 56.0 59.2 62.4 Equatorial Guinea ..................................83.6 86.0 87.7 88.8 89.7 90.6 91.4 92.2 92.9 93.5 Gabon ...................................................58.1 62.2 65.9 69.0 71.7 74.0 76.3 78.4 80.3 82.1 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................

50.2 52.0 54.0 56.2 58.6 61.3 64.1 66.8 69.4 72.0 NORTHERN AFRICA63.3 66.5 69.3 71.9 74.1 76.2 78.2 80.1 81.9 83.5 Algeria ...................................................42.6 42.8 43.6 45.0 47.1 49.9 53.1 56.3 59.4 62.4 Egypt .....................................................77.0 77.9 79.0 80.3 81.6 82.9 84.1 85.2 86.2 87.2 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ..........................55.0 56.7 58.7 61.0 63.4 65.9 68.5 70.9 73.2 75.4 Morocco ................................................40.8 45.2 49.4 53.2 57.0 60.7 64.3 67.7 71.0 74.0 Sudan ....................................................65.3 67.3 69.2 71.2 73.2 75.2 77.0 78.8 80.5 82.0 Tunisia ...................................................80.8 81.8 82.9 83.9 84.9 85.9 86.9 87.8 88.7 89.4 Western Sahara .....................................

56.3 58.8 61.3 63.8 66.3 68.8 71.1 73.4 75.6 77.6 SOUTHERN AFRICA57.3 61.1 64.5 67.6 70.3 72.7 75.0 77.1 79.2 81.1 Botswana ...............................................23.3 26.9 30.7 34.5 38.5 42.4 46.3 50.2 54.2 58.1 Lesotho .................................................35.1 38.0 41.1 44.4 47.9 51.5 55.1 58.6 62.0 65.3 Namibia .................................................59.3 61.7 64.1 66.6 69.0 71.3 73.6 75.7 77.7 79.6 South Africa ...........................................24.1 25.5 27.5 30.3 33.6 37.0 40.6 44.4 48.1 51.9 Swaziland ..............................................

41.7 44.6 47.6 50.5 53.5 56.5 59.5 62.4 65.2 68.0 WESTERN AFRICA40.0 42.0 44.5 47.2 50.4 53.7 57.1 60.3 63.5 66.6 Benin .....................................................18.3 20.4 22.9 25.8 29.1 32.6 36.3 40.2 44.3 48.4 Burkina Faso .........................................57.4 61.1 64.4 67.4 70.1 72.5 74.8 76.9 79.0 80.8 Cape Verde ...........................................46.8 50.1 53.4 56.6 59.8 62.8 65.7 68.5 71.1 73.7 Côte d'Ivoire ..........................................53.9 58.1 61.8 65.0 68.1 71.0 73.8 76.3 78.7 81.0 Gambia ..................................................47.8 51.5 55.0 58.4 61.6 64.7 67.6 70.5 73.1 75.6 Ghana ...................................................33.0 35.4 38.2 41.4 45.0 48.6 52.3 55.9 59.5 62.9 Guinea ...................................................29.6 30.0 31.1 32.8 35.4 38.6 42.1 45.6 49.2 52.7 Guinea-Bissau .......................................58.1 61.5 64.8 67.9 70.9 73.7 76.3 78.8 81.0 83.1 Liberia ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Mali ....................................................... 8.5 9.7 11.1 12.6 14.3 16.2 18.5 21.0 23.3 25.5 27.9 Mauritania .............................................. 3.1 4.6 6.9 10.1 14.6 20.6 27.4 35.0 39.7 39.8 40.0 Niger ..................................................... 4.9 5.3 5.8 6.8 8.8 11.4 13.4 14.5 15.4 15.8 16.2 Nigeria ................................................... 10.2 12.3 16.2 20.1 22.7 25.5 28.6 31.8 35.3 38.9 42.5 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 51.6 50.3 49.1 47.8 46.5 45.3 44.0 42.8 41.6 40.4 39.2 Senegal ................................................. 17.2 20.0 23.0 26.4 30.0 33.7 35.8 37.5 39.0 39.8 40.6 Sierra Leone .......................................... 12.6 14.9 17.4 20.2 23.4 26.8 29.1 31.6 32.9 34.2 35.5 Togo ...................................................... 4.4 6.7 10.1 15.0 21.3 22.9 24.7 27.2 30.1 33.2 36.5

ASIA 16.8 18.2 19.8 21.5 22.7 24.0 26.3 29.0 31.9 34.4 37.1

EASTERN ASIA 16.5 18.1 20.2 22.2 22.8 23.3 25.7 28.9 33.0 36.6 40.4 China (4) ............................................... 13.0 14.2 16.0 17.6 17.4 17.4 19.6 23.0 27.4 31.4 35.8 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 85.2 85.2 85.2 86.4 87.7 89.7 91.5 92.9 99.5 100.0 100.0 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 96.9 96.2 95.3 96.2 97.0 97.9 98.5 99.4 99.8 99.9 100.0 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 31.0 35.5 40.2 45.1 54.2 56.7 56.9 57.6 58.4 59.1 60.2 Japan .................................................... 34.9 38.9 43.1 47.4 53.2 56.8 59.6 60.6 63.1 64.6 65.2 Mongolia ................................................ 20.0 26.6 35.7 42.1 45.1 48.7 52.1 55.0 57.0 56.8 56.6 Republic of Korea .................................. 21.4 24.4 27.7 32.4 40.7 48.0 56.7 64.9 73.8 78.2 79.6

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 16.4 17.3 18.1 19.2 20.4 22.2 24.3 25.9 27.2 28.3 29.5 Afghanistan ............................................ 5.8 6.8 8.0 9.4 11.0 13.3 15.7 17.0 18.3 19.8 21.3 Bangladesh ............................................ 4.3 4.7 5.1 6.2 7.6 9.8 14.9 17.5 19.8 21.7 23.6 Bhutan ................................................... 2.1 2.8 3.6 4.7 6.1 7.9 10.1 12.9 16.4 20.5 25.4 India ...................................................... 17.0 17.6 17.9 18.8 19.8 21.3 23.1 24.3 25.5 26.6 27.7 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 27.5 30.6 33.7 37.1 41.2 45.7 49.7 53.4 56.3 60.2 64.2 Kazakhstan ............................................ 36.4 40.4 44.2 47.0 50.2 52.6 54.1 56.0 56.3 55.9 56.3 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 26.5 30.6 34.2 35.9 37.5 38.2 38.6 38.4 37.8 36.3 35.4 Maldives ................................................ 10.6 10.9 11.2 11.5 11.9 17.3 22.3 25.5 25.8 25.6 27.7 Nepal ..................................................... 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.8 6.1 7.4 8.9 10.9 13.4 Pakistan ................................................ 17.5 19.7 22.1 23.5 24.8 26.3 28.1 29.3 30.6 31.8 33.2 Sri Lanka ............................................... 15.3 15.6 16.4 17.6 19.5 19.5 18.8 18.0 17.2 16.4 15.7 Tajikistan ............................................... 29.4 31.2 33.2 35.2 36.9 35.5 34.3 33.2 31.7 28.9 26.5 Turkmenistan ......................................... 45.0 45.7 46.4 47.1 47.8 47.6 47.1 46.0 45.1 45.3 45.8 Uzbekistan ............................................. 31.4 32.7 34.0 35.3 36.7 39.1 40.8 40.7 40.1 38.4 37.3

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 15.4 16.9 18.5 19.9 21.4 23.2 25.5 28.4 31.6 35.3 39.7 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 26.8 34.6 43.4 52.6 61.7 62.0 59.9 62.3 65.8 68.6 71.1 Cambodia .............................................. 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.8 16.0 4.4 9.0 12.6 12.6 14.2 16.9 Indonesia ............................................... 12.4 13.5 14.6 15.8 17.1 19.3 22.1 26.1 30.6 35.6 42.0 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.3 9.6 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.4 17.4 22.0 Malaysia ................................................ 20.4 23.4 26.6 29.9 33.5 37.7 42.0 45.9 49.8 55.7 62.0 Myanmar ............................................... 16.2 17.6 19.2 21.0 22.8 23.9 24.0 24.2 24.9 26.1 28.0 Philippines ............................................. 27.1 28.7 30.3 31.6 33.0 35.6 37.5 43.0 48.8 54.0 58.5 Singapore .............................................. 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Thailand ................................................. 16.5 18.0 19.7 20.2 20.9 23.8 26.8 28.1 29.4 30.3 31.1 Timor-Leste ........................................... 9.9 10.0 10.1 11.4 12.9 14.6 16.5 18.6 20.8 22.5 24.3 Viet Nam ................................................ 11.6 13.1 14.7 16.4 18.3 18.8 19.2 19.6 20.3 22.2 24.3

WESTERN ASIA 28.6 32.3 36.0 40.1 44.6 48.7 51.9 57.2 61.0 62.4 63.7 Armenia ................................................. 42.6 46.9 51.3 55.6 59.9 63.6 66.0 67.1 67.5 66.3 65.1 Azerbaijan .............................................. 42.5 45.3 47.7 48.8 50.0 51.9 52.8 53.5 53.7 52.2 51.2 Bahrain .................................................. 64.4 75.5 82.3 82.5 83.8 85.0 86.1 87.2 88.1 88.4 88.4 Cyprus ................................................... 28.4 32.3 35.6 38.2 40.8 47.3 58.6 64.7 66.8 68.0 68.6 Georgia ................................................. 37.3 39.8 42.3 44.9 47.5 49.5 51.6 53.9 55.1 53.9 52.7 Iraq ........................................................ 35.1 37.6 42.9 50.7 56.2 61.4 65.5 68.8 69.7 68.8 67.8 Israel ..................................................... 71.0 71.0 76.8 80.9 84.2 86.6 88.6 89.8 90.4 90.9 91.4 Jordan ................................................... 37.0 43.2 50.9 54.3 56.0 57.7 59.9 66.3 72.2 78.2 78.3 Kuwait ................................................... 61.5 69.3 74.9 79.3 85.7 89.4 94.8 97.9 98.0 98.1 98.2 Lebanon ................................................ 32.0 36.3 42.3 50.9 59.5 67.0 73.7 79.4 83.1 84.8 86.0 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 37.3 40.6 44.0 48.9 54.3 59.6 62.4 65.2 67.9 70.4 71.5 Oman .................................................... 8.6 12.0 16.4 22.3 29.7 38.2 47.6 57.1 66.1 71.7 71.6 Qatar ..................................................... 79.2 82.4 85.2 87.2 88.4 88.9 89.4 90.1 92.2 94.1 94.9 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 21.3 26.0 31.3 38.8 48.7 58.3 65.9 72.6 76.6 78.7 79.8 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 30.6 33.6 36.8 40.0 43.3 45.1 46.7 47.9 48.9 50.1 51.6 Turkey ................................................... 24.8 28.6 31.5 34.2 38.2 41.6 43.8 52.4 59.2 62.1 64.7 United Arab Emirates ............................. 54.5 64.6 73.5 75.7 77.7 79.6 80.7 79.8 79.1 78.4 77.8 Yemen ................................................... 5.8 7.3 9.1 11.0 13.3 14.8 16.5 18.4 20.9 23.8 26.3





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

30.5 33.3 36.5 40.0 43.6 47.4 51.2 55.0 58.7 62.3 Mali .......................................................40.4 41.4 43.1 45.4 48.4 51.7 55.0 58.2 61.3 64.4 Mauritania ..............................................16.3 16.7 17.5 18.9 21.0 23.7 26.7 29.9 33.4 37.1 Niger .....................................................46.2 49.8 53.4 56.8 60.3 63.6 66.8 69.8 72.7 75.4 Nigeria ...................................................38.9 39.5 41.0 43.4 46.6 49.8 53.0 56.2 59.4 62.4 Saint Helena (3) .....................................41.6 42.9 44.7 47.1 50.0 53.2 56.4 59.6 62.7 65.7 Senegal .................................................36.8 38.4 40.4 42.8 45.7 49.0 52.4 55.8 59.2 62.4 Sierra Leone ..........................................39.9 43.4 47.0 50.5 53.9 57.3 60.6 63.8 66.9 69.8 Togo ......................................................

39.7 42.5 45.3 48.1 51.1 54.1 57.2 60.3 63.3 66.2 ASIA

44.5 48.5 52.3 55.9 59.2 62.4 65.5 68.5 71.4 74.1 EASTERN ASIA40.4 44.9 49.2 53.2 56.9 60.3 63.7 66.9 70.0 72.9 China (4) ...............................................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) .....................100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................61.6 63.4 65.5 67.8 70.1 72.4 74.5 76.5 78.4 80.1 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..66.0 66.8 68.0 69.4 71.1 73.0 74.9 76.7 78.4 80.1 Japan ....................................................56.7 57.5 58.8 60.7 63.2 65.7 68.1 70.4 72.7 74.8 Mongolia ................................................80.8 81.9 83.1 84.2 85.2 86.3 87.2 88.1 89.0 89.8 Republic of Korea ..................................

30.6 32.2 34.2 36.7 39.6 43.0 46.5 50.1 53.7 57.2 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)22.9 24.8 27.0 29.7 32.7 36.2 39.9 43.7 47.6 51.5 Afghanistan ............................................25.7 28.1 30.8 33.9 37.4 41.0 44.8 48.7 52.6 56.4 Bangladesh ............................................31.0 36.8 42.5 47.7 52.2 56.2 59.9 63.5 67.0 70.3 Bhutan ...................................................28.7 30.1 31.9 34.3 37.2 40.6 44.2 47.8 51.5 55.2 India ......................................................66.9 69.5 71.9 74.0 76.0 77.9 79.6 81.2 82.7 84.1 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................57.1 58.5 60.3 62.3 64.5 66.8 69.3 71.6 73.8 75.9 Kazakhstan ............................................35.8 36.6 38.1 40.1 42.9 46.2 49.6 53.0 56.4 59.7 Kyrgyzstan .............................................33.9 40.5 46.6 52.1 56.9 60.7 64.2 67.5 70.7 73.7 Maldives ................................................15.8 18.2 20.9 23.9 27.2 30.6 34.3 38.2 42.2 46.3 Nepal .....................................................34.9 37.0 39.7 42.8 46.3 49.8 53.3 56.9 60.3 63.7 Pakistan ................................................15.1 15.1 15.7 16.9 18.8 21.4 24.2 27.2 30.5 34.0 Sri Lanka ...............................................26.4 26.5 27.3 28.8 31.1 34.1 37.5 41.0 44.6 48.3 Tajikistan ...............................................47.3 49.5 51.9 54.6 57.4 60.4 63.4 66.2 69.0 71.6 Turkmenistan .........................................36.7 36.9 38.0 40.0 42.9 46.1 49.5 52.8 56.1 59.3 Uzbekistan .............................................

44.1 48.2 52.0 55.5 58.7 61.8 64.9 67.8 70.6 73.3 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA73.5 75.7 77.6 79.3 80.9 82.3 83.7 84.9 86.1 87.2 Brunei Darussalam .................................19.7 22.8 26.1 29.6 33.2 37.0 40.9 45.0 49.1 53.2 Cambodia ..............................................48.1 53.7 58.5 62.6 65.9 68.9 71.8 74.5 77.1 79.4 Indonesia ...............................................27.4 33.2 38.9 44.2 49.0 53.1 57.0 60.8 64.5 68.0 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........67.6 72.2 75.7 78.5 80.5 82.2 83.8 85.3 86.6 87.9 Malaysia ................................................30.6 33.9 37.4 41.0 44.6 48.4 52.2 55.9 59.6 63.1 Myanmar ...............................................62.7 66.4 69.6 72.3 74.6 76.7 78.7 80.5 82.3 83.9 Philippines .............................................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Singapore ..............................................32.3 34.0 36.2 38.9 42.2 45.8 49.3 52.9 56.5 60.0 Thailand .................................................26.1 28.1 30.5 33.2 36.4 39.9 43.6 47.3 51.1 54.9 Timor-Leste ...........................................26.4 28.8 31.6 34.7 38.1 41.8 45.5 49.4 53.2 57.0 Viet Nam ................................................

65.0 66.3 67.6 69.1 70.7 72.5 74.3 76.0 77.7 79.3 WESTERN ASIA64.1 63.7 64.1 65.2 66.9 69.1 71.1 73.1 75.0 76.7 Armenia .................................................51.5 52.2 53.4 55.1 57.3 60.1 62.8 65.5 68.1 70.6 Azerbaijan ..............................................88.4 88.6 89.0 89.4 90.0 90.6 91.2 91.8 92.3 92.8 Bahrain ..................................................69.3 70.3 71.5 73.0 74.6 76.4 78.1 79.7 81.2 82.6 Cyprus ...................................................52.5 52.9 54.0 55.5 57.6 60.2 62.9 65.6 68.1 70.6 Georgia .................................................66.9 66.4 66.5 67.3 68.6 70.5 72.4 74.3 76.1 77.8 Iraq ........................................................91.6 91.7 91.9 92.2 92.6 93.0 93.5 93.9 94.2 94.6 Israel .....................................................78.3 78.5 79.0 79.8 80.8 82.0 83.2 84.3 85.4 86.4 Jordan ...................................................98.3 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.9 98.9 99.0 Kuwait ...................................................86.6 87.2 87.9 88.6 89.3 90.0 90.7 91.3 91.9 92.4 Lebanon ................................................71.6 72.1 72.9 74.1 75.6 77.2 78.8 80.3 81.7 83.0 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................71.5 71.7 72.3 73.3 74.7 76.4 78.0 79.5 80.9 82.3 Oman ....................................................95.4 95.8 96.2 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.6 Qatar .....................................................81.0 82.1 83.2 84.2 85.2 86.2 87.2 88.1 88.9 89.7 Saudi Arabia ..........................................53.2 54.9 56.8 59.0 61.4 64.0 66.6 69.2 71.6 73.9 Syrian Arab Republic .............................67.3 69.6 71.9 74.0 75.9 77.7 79.4 81.1 82.6 84.0 Turkey ...................................................77.7 78.0 78.8 80.0 81.2 82.4 83.6 84.7 85.7 86.7 United Arab Emirates .............................28.9 31.8 34.9 38.2 41.7 45.3 49.1 52.8 56.5 60.2 Yemen ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

EUROPE 51.2 54.0 56.9 60.0 62.8 65.7 68.0 69.4 70.5 71.0 71.4

EASTERN EUROPE 39.8 44.4 48.9 53.0 56.7 60.6 63.8 66.3 68.0 68.2 68.3 Belarus .................................................. 26.2 28.9 32.4 38.1 44.0 50.6 56.5 61.8 66.0 67.9 69.9 Bulgaria ................................................. 27.6 32.2 37.1 45.8 52.3 57.6 62.1 64.6 66.4 67.8 68.9 Czech Republic ...................................... 54.2 56.9 59.5 62.0 64.4 69.9 75.2 75.4 75.2 74.6 74.0 Hungary ................................................. 53.0 54.4 55.9 58.0 60.1 62.2 64.2 65.1 65.8 65.2 64.6 Moldova ................................................. 16.5 19.7 23.4 27.6 32.1 36.2 40.4 44.2 46.8 46.3 44.6 Poland ................................................... 38.3 43.2 47.9 50.1 52.1 55.3 58.1 59.9 61.3 61.5 61.7 Romania ................................................ 25.6 30.6 34.2 37.7 40.3 42.8 46.1 49.6 53.2 54.0 53.5 Russian Federation ................................ 44.2 49.0 53.8 58.4 62.5 66.9 69.8 72.0 73.4 73.4 73.4 Slovakia ................................................. 30.0 31.7 33.5 37.0 41.1 46.3 51.6 54.2 56.5 56.5 56.3 Ukraine .................................................. 35.5 41.4 46.8 50.6 54.8 58.4 61.7 64.7 66.8 67.0 67.1

NORTHERN EUROPE 69.1 69.8 70.7 72.0 73.1 77.8 81.7 82.3 82.6 83.0 83.4 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 41.4 40.0 38.7 37.4 36.1 34.2 32.2 31.8 31.4 30.5 30.5 Denmark ................................................ 68.0 69.6 73.7 77.0 79.7 82.1 83.7 84.4 84.8 85.0 85.1 Estonia .................................................. 49.7 53.6 57.5 61.3 64.9 67.6 69.7 70.8 71.1 70.0 69.4 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 17.4 18.6 21.4 25.6 28.0 30.3 31.2 30.8 30.6 30.9 36.3 Finland (9) ............................................. 31.9 35.0 38.1 43.9 50.3 58.3 59.8 59.8 61.4 61.4 61.1 Iceland .................................................. 72.8 76.8 80.3 82.7 84.9 86.7 88.3 89.6 90.8 91.6 92.2 Ireland ................................................... 40.1 43.7 45.8 48.7 51.7 53.6 55.3 56.3 56.9 57.9 59.1 Isle of Man ............................................. 52.9 54.0 55.1 56.3 55.8 52.4 51.8 51.8 51.7 51.8 51.8 Latvia .................................................... 46.4 49.5 52.9 56.8 60.7 64.2 67.1 68.6 69.3 68.8 68.1 Lithuania ................................................ 28.8 34.1 39.5 44.5 49.6 55.7 61.2 65.0 67.6 67.3 67.0 Norway (10) ........................................... 50.5 50.2 49.9 57.6 65.4 68.2 70.5 71.3 72.0 73.8 76.1 Sweden ................................................. 65.7 69.3 72.5 77.1 81.0 82.7 83.1 83.1 83.1 83.8 84.0 United Kingdom ..................................... 79.0 78.7 78.4 77.8 77.1 82.7 87.9 88.6 88.7 89.0 89.4

SOUTHERN EUROPE 45.2 47.8 50.4 53.9 57.6 60.0 62.2 63.1 63.8 64.7 65.4 Albania .................................................. 20.5 26.9 30.7 31.2 31.7 32.7 33.8 35.1 36.4 38.9 41.7 Andorra ................................................. 38.8 48.6 58.5 70.4 80.2 87.3 92.1 95.2 94.7 93.7 92.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 13.7 16.2 19.0 22.8 27.2 31.3 35.5 37.6 39.2 41.1 43.2 Croatia .................................................. 22.3 26.0 30.2 35.0 40.2 45.1 50.1 52.3 54.0 54.9 55.6 Gibraltar ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Greece .................................................. 37.3 40.1 42.9 47.5 52.5 55.3 57.7 58.4 58.8 59.3 59.7 Holy See (11) ......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Italy ....................................................... 54.1 56.9 59.4 61.8 64.3 65.6 66.6 66.8 66.7 66.9 67.2 Malta ..................................................... 88.9 89.8 90.1 89.8 89.7 89.7 89.8 89.8 90.4 90.9 92.4 Montenegro ........................................... 12.7 15.5 18.8 22.6 26.9 31.6 36.8 42.3 48.0 53.4 58.5 Portugal ................................................. 31.2 33.0 35.0 36.9 38.8 40.8 42.8 45.3 47.9 51.1 54.4 San Marino ............................................ 43.2 46.0 48.9 54.4 59.8 71.5 81.2 88.3 90.4 91.7 93.4 Serbia .................................................... 20.3 24.4 29.1 34.2 39.7 43.1 46.1 48.3 50.4 50.9 51.1 Slovenia ................................................. 19.9 23.8 28.2 32.5 37.0 42.4 48.0 49.6 50.4 50.6 50.8 Spain ..................................................... 51.9 54.2 56.6 61.3 66.0 69.6 72.8 74.2 75.4 75.9 76.3 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 23.4 28.4 34.0 40.4 47.1 50.6 53.5 55.7 57.8 60.3 62.9

WESTERN EUROPE 63.8 65.7 67.9 69.9 71.4 72.3 72.7 73.2 74.0 74.8 75.3 Austria ................................................... 63.6 64.2 64.7 65.0 65.3 65.3 65.4 65.6 65.8 65.8 65.8 Belgium ................................................. 91.5 92.0 92.5 93.1 93.8 94.5 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.8 97.1 France ................................................... 55.2 58.2 61.9 67.1 71.1 72.9 73.3 73.7 74.1 74.9 75.8 Germany ................................................ 68.1 69.7 71.4 72.0 72.3 72.6 72.8 72.7 73.1 73.3 73.1 Liechtenstein ......................................... 19.9 20.4 20.4 19.5 18.5 18.3 18.3 17.6 16.9 16.5 15.1 Luxembourg ........................................... 67.2 68.4 69.6 72.0 74.4 77.3 80.0 80.7 80.9 82.9 83.8 Monaco ................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Netherlands ........................................... 56.1 58.0 59.8 60.8 61.7 63.2 64.7 66.7 68.7 72.8 76.8 Switzerland ............................................ 44.4 47.7 51.0 54.2 57.4 57.4 57.1 65.2 73.2 73.6 73.3

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 41.4 45.1 48.9 53.0 57.0 61.1 64.9 67.9 70.6 73.0 75.3

CARIBBEAN 36.8 38.4 40.1 42.8 45.5 48.8 51.7 53.7 56.0 59.0 61.6 Anguilla ................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 30.1 34.9 39.7 36.6 33.8 34.2 34.6 35.0 35.4 34.0 32.1 Aruba .................................................... 50.9 50.9 50.8 50.7 50.6 50.5 50.5 50.4 50.3 48.8 46.7 Bahamas ............................................... 52.1 55.9 59.7 63.3 66.7 70.0 73.1 76.7 79.8 81.0 82.0 Barbados ............................................... 36.1 36.4 36.8 37.1 37.5 38.6 39.6 36.0 32.7 34.5 36.3 British Virgin Islands ............................... 11.2 11.7 12.2 14.3 16.6 19.5 22.7 29.7 37.8 39.4 39.4 Cayman Islands ..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cuba ..................................................... 56.5 57.5 58.4 59.3 60.3 64.2 68.1 70.9 73.4 74.3 75.6





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

71.9 72.6 73.5 74.8 76.2 77.8 79.5 81.0 82.5 83.8 EUROPE

68.3 68.4 69.0 70.0 71.4 73.1 74.9 76.7 78.4 79.9 EASTERN EUROPE72.2 74.3 76.2 78.0 79.6 81.1 82.5 83.8 85.1 86.2 Belarus ..................................................70.2 71.7 73.2 74.8 76.5 78.2 79.8 81.3 82.7 84.0 Bulgaria .................................................73.5 73.5 74.1 75.0 76.4 78.0 79.4 80.8 82.1 83.4 Czech Republic ......................................66.3 68.3 70.3 72.3 74.2 76.1 77.9 79.6 81.2 82.7 Hungary .................................................42.6 41.2 40.9 41.7 43.4 46.3 49.3 52.4 55.5 58.6 Moldova .................................................61.5 61.2 61.5 62.4 63.9 66.0 68.3 70.5 72.6 74.6 Poland ...................................................53.7 54.6 56.1 58.1 60.4 63.1 65.8 68.3 70.7 73.0 Romania ................................................72.9 72.8 73.1 73.8 74.9 76.4 78.0 79.5 80.9 82.2 Russian Federation ................................56.2 56.8 58.0 59.8 62.2 64.7 67.2 69.5 71.8 74.0 Slovakia .................................................67.8 68.1 68.8 69.9 71.3 73.0 74.8 76.6 78.3 79.9 Ukraine ..................................................

83.9 84.4 85.1 85.9 86.7 87.6 88.4 89.2 90.0 90.7 NORTHERN EUROPE30.7 31.4 32.6 34.2 36.4 39.1 42.4 45.9 49.5 53.2 Channel Islands (8) ................................85.9 87.2 88.3 89.3 90.1 90.8 91.5 92.0 92.6 93.1 Denmark ................................................69.4 69.5 70.0 70.9 72.2 73.8 75.6 77.2 78.9 80.4 Estonia ..................................................39.8 42.5 45.5 48.5 51.7 55.0 58.3 61.6 64.7 67.7 Faeroe Islands .......................................62.4 63.9 65.7 67.6 69.6 71.8 73.9 75.9 77.7 79.5 Finland (9) .............................................92.2 92.3 92.4 92.7 93.0 93.3 93.7 94.1 94.5 94.8 Iceland ..................................................60.5 61.9 63.6 65.5 67.6 69.8 72.0 74.1 76.1 78.0 Ireland ...................................................51.2 50.6 50.6 51.2 52.3 53.9 56.0 58.7 61.5 64.2 Isle of Man .............................................68.0 68.2 68.8 69.8 71.2 73.0 74.8 76.6 78.2 79.8 Latvia ....................................................66.6 67.2 68.0 69.2 70.7 72.5 74.4 76.2 77.9 79.6 Lithuania ................................................77.3 77.6 78.2 79.0 80.1 81.4 82.6 83.8 84.9 85.9 Norway (10) ...........................................84.3 84.7 85.2 85.8 86.5 87.3 88.1 88.9 89.6 90.3 Sweden .................................................89.7 90.1 90.6 91.1 91.6 92.2 92.7 93.1 93.6 94.0 United Kingdom .....................................

66.4 67.5 68.8 70.5 72.3 74.3 76.1 77.9 79.6 81.2 SOUTHERN EUROPE44.8 48.0 51.1 54.3 57.5 60.6 63.7 66.6 69.5 72.1 Albania ..................................................90.3 88.0 86.1 84.9 84.6 85.1 85.8 86.5 87.1 87.8 Andorra .................................................45.7 48.6 51.8 55.2 58.5 61.7 64.8 67.8 70.6 73.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................56.5 57.8 59.5 61.6 64.0 66.5 69.0 71.3 73.6 75.7 Croatia ..................................................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Gibraltar ................................................60.4 61.4 62.9 64.8 67.0 69.3 71.5 73.6 75.7 77.6 Greece ..................................................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Holy See (11) .........................................67.6 68.4 69.5 70.9 72.7 74.6 76.3 78.1 79.7 81.2 Italy .......................................................93.6 94.7 95.4 96.0 96.4 96.6 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 Malta .....................................................61.2 59.5 58.7 58.9 60.0 62.0 64.4 66.6 68.8 71.0 Montenegro ...........................................57.6 60.7 63.6 66.4 69.0 71.4 73.8 76.0 78.0 80.0 Portugal .................................................94.1 94.3 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.7 96.0 96.2 96.5 San Marino ............................................51.5 52.4 53.8 55.8 58.4 61.2 63.9 66.6 69.1 71.6 Serbia ....................................................49.5 48.0 47.4 47.9 49.4 51.8 54.7 57.6 60.4 63.1 Slovenia .................................................76.7 77.4 78.3 79.4 80.6 81.9 83.2 84.3 85.4 86.5 Spain .....................................................65.4 67.9 70.2 72.5 74.6 76.6 78.6 80.4 82.0 83.6 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

76.1 77.0 78.0 79.1 80.4 81.7 83.0 84.3 85.4 86.5 WESTERN EUROPE66.5 67.6 68.8 70.3 72.0 73.8 75.6 77.4 79.1 80.7 Austria ...................................................97.3 97.4 97.6 97.7 97.8 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 Belgium .................................................76.7 77.8 79.0 80.2 81.6 82.9 84.1 85.2 86.3 87.3 France ...................................................73.4 73.8 74.6 75.6 76.9 78.3 79.8 81.2 82.6 83.8 Germany ................................................14.5 14.2 14.4 15.2 16.5 18.6 21.2 24.0 27.0 30.3 Liechtenstein .........................................82.8 82.2 82.1 82.4 83.1 84.1 85.0 86.0 86.8 87.6 Luxembourg ...........................................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Monaco .................................................80.2 82.9 84.9 86.5 87.6 88.6 89.5 90.3 91.1 91.8 Netherlands ...........................................73.3 73.6 74.3 75.2 76.4 77.9 79.4 80.8 82.1 83.4 Switzerland ............................................

77.5 79.4 80.9 82.3 83.5 84.6 85.7 86.8 87.8 88.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

64.3 66.9 69.3 71.5 73.6 75.5 77.4 79.2 80.9 82.6 CARIBBEAN100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Anguilla .................................................30.7 30.3 30.9 32.5 35.2 38.4 41.7 45.1 48.5 51.9 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................46.6 46.9 47.6 48.8 50.4 52.5 55.0 58.0 61.0 63.9 Aruba ....................................................83.1 84.1 85.1 86.1 87.0 87.9 88.7 89.5 90.2 90.9 Bahamas ...............................................38.4 40.8 43.5 46.6 50.0 53.4 56.8 60.2 63.5 66.6 Barbados ...............................................39.9 41.0 42.8 45.2 48.3 51.6 54.9 58.1 61.3 64.3 British Virgin Islands ...............................

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cayman Islands .....................................75.6 75.7 76.2 77.0 78.0 79.3 80.7 82.0 83.3 84.4 Cuba .....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Dominica ............................................... 24.9 25.9 27.3 36.6 46.9 55.3 63.4 66.0 67.7 69.4 71.1 Dominican Republic ............................... 23.7 26.9 30.2 35.0 40.2 45.7 51.3 53.9 55.2 57.8 62.4 Grenada ................................................ 28.5 29.4 30.3 31.3 32.2 32.6 32.9 32.6 32.2 31.6 31.0 Guadeloupe ........................................... 95.4 95.5 95.7 95.1 95.1 96.0 98.0 98.5 98.6 98.5 98.4 Haiti ....................................................... 12.2 13.8 15.6 17.6 19.8 20.4 20.5 23.3 28.5 32.6 35.6 Jamaica ................................................. 24.1 28.7 33.8 37.5 41.4 44.1 46.8 48.4 49.4 50.6 51.8 Martinique .............................................. 32.9 33.6 40.1 50.0 61.0 71.2 79.6 91.8 97.6 97.7 97.8 Montserrat ............................................. 15.8 15.8 15.8 13.4 11.4 12.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.8 11.0 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 78.4 74.3 69.7 72.9 75.9 78.7 81.2 83.5 85.6 88.0 90.2 Puerto Rico ............................................ 40.6 42.4 44.5 51.5 58.3 62.8 66.9 69.2 72.2 87.1 94.6 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 26.5 27.0 27.6 30.9 34.1 35.0 35.9 35.2 34.6 33.7 32.8 Saint Lucia ............................................. 19.2 20.3 21.5 22.7 23.9 25.2 26.5 27.9 29.3 29.6 28.0 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 13.7 13.7 13.9 19.8 26.9 27.0 27.2 33.6 40.6 43.0 44.4 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 21.4 19.3 17.3 14.3 11.9 11.4 10.9 9.6 8.5 9.6 10.8 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 47.2 47.4 47.7 49.4 51.1 53.1 55.3 65.4 74.3 79.9 84.6 United States Virgin Islands .................... 58.3 57.2 56.5 63.3 69.6 75.2 80.1 84.3 87.7 90.4 92.6

CENTRAL AMERICA 39.2 42.8 46.4 50.1 53.8 57.2 60.3 62.7 65.0 67.1 68.7 Belize .................................................... 55.3 54.7 54.0 52.5 51.0 50.2 49.4 48.4 47.5 47.5 47.8 Costa Rica ............................................. 33.5 33.9 34.3 35.8 38.8 41.3 43.1 45.6 50.7 55.8 59.0 El Salvador ............................................ 36.5 37.4 38.3 38.9 39.4 41.5 44.1 46.6 49.2 54.0 58.4 Guatemala ............................................. 25.1 28.0 31.1 34.0 35.5 36.7 37.4 39.2 41.1 43.1 45.1 Honduras ............................................... 17.6 20.0 22.7 25.7 28.9 32.1 34.9 37.7 40.3 42.3 44.4 Mexico ................................................... 42.7 46.7 50.8 54.9 59.0 62.8 66.3 69.0 71.4 73.4 74.7 Nicaragua .............................................. 35.2 37.4 39.6 42.7 47.0 48.7 49.9 51.1 52.3 53.5 54.7 Panama ................................................. 35.8 38.5 41.2 44.4 47.6 49.0 50.4 52.1 53.9 60.0 65.8

SOUTH AMERICA 42.7 46.8 51.0 55.4 59.7 64.1 68.3 71.6 74.5 76.9 79.5 Argentina ............................................... 65.3 69.6 73.6 76.4 78.9 81.0 82.9 85.0 87.0 88.7 90.1 Bolivia .................................................... 33.8 35.3 36.8 38.3 39.8 41.3 45.5 50.5 55.6 59.4 61.8 Brazil ..................................................... 36.2 40.5 44.9 50.3 55.8 61.7 67.4 71.3 74.8 77.8 81.2 Chile ...................................................... 58.4 63.3 67.8 71.7 75.2 78.4 81.2 82.6 83.3 84.4 85.9 Colombia ............................................... 32.7 38.7 45.0 51.0 54.8 58.5 62.1 65.6 68.3 70.5 72.1 Ecuador ................................................. 28.3 31.0 33.9 36.6 39.3 42.4 47.0 51.2 55.1 57.8 60.3 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 51.1 50.8 50.5 51.8 54.0 56.3 58.7 64.0 74.5 79.8 85.8 French Guiana ....................................... 53.7 58.6 63.3 65.7 67.4 69.1 70.8 72.7 74.5 74.8 75.1 Guyana .................................................. 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.2 29.4 30.0 30.5 30.0 29.5 29.1 28.6 Paraguay ............................................... 34.6 35.1 35.6 36.2 37.1 39.0 41.7 45.0 48.7 52.1 55.3 Peru ...................................................... 41.0 43.9 46.8 51.9 57.4 61.5 64.6 66.9 68.9 70.3 70.7 Suriname ............................................... 46.9 47.1 47.3 47.1 45.9 49.5 55.0 63.8 68.3 70.2 72.1 Uruguay ................................................. 77.9 79.1 80.2 81.3 82.4 83.4 85.4 87.2 89.0 90.5 91.3 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 47.3 54.6 61.6 67.0 71.9 75.8 79.2 81.9 84.3 86.8 89.7

NORTHERN AMERICA 63.9 67.0 69.9 72.0 73.8 73.8 73.9 74.7 75.4 77.3 79.1 Bermuda ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Canada .................................................. 60.9 65.7 69.1 72.9 75.7 75.6 75.7 76.4 76.6 77.7 79.5 Greenland .............................................. 49.0 53.8 58.5 66.1 72.7 74.4 76.1 78.0 79.7 80.9 81.6 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 80.0 83.5 86.4 87.8 88.4 89.0 89.6 89.4 88.9 88.9 88.9 United States of America ........................ 64.2 67.2 70.0 71.9 73.6 73.7 73.7 74.5 75.3 77.3 79.1

OCEANIA 62.0 64.3 66.6 68.8 70.8 71.5 71.3 70.7 70.6 70.5 70.4

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 76.2 78.3 80.5 82.6 84.5 85.3 85.4 85.2 85.3 86.0 86.9 Australia (13) ......................................... 77.0 79.4 81.5 83.5 85.3 85.9 85.8 85.5 85.4 86.1 87.2 New Zealand .......................................... 72.5 73.6 76.0 78.9 81.1 82.8 83.4 83.7 84.7 85.3 85.7

MELANESIA 5.4 6.8 8.7 11.0 14.9 17.0 18.1 18.9 19.9 19.6 19.1 Fiji ......................................................... 24.4 26.9 29.7 32.6 34.8 36.7 37.8 38.5 41.6 45.5 48.3 New Caledonia ....................................... 24.6 30.6 37.4 44.6 51.2 55.2 57.4 58.8 59.6 60.3 61.9 Papua New Guinea ................................ 1.7 2.5 3.7 5.5 9.8 11.9 13.0 14.0 15.0 14.1 13.2 Solomon Islands .................................... 3.8 4.7 5.8 7.2 8.9 9.1 10.6 12.4 13.7 14.7 15.7 Vanuatu ................................................. 8.8 9.5 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.4 14.7 16.7 18.7 20.2 21.7

MICRONESIA 31.6 34.6 37.8 41.6 46.3 57.2 61.2 61.8 62.6 63.7 65.6 Guam .................................................... 41.3 45.7 50.1 55.5 61.9 83.6 93.8 92.3 90.8 92.1 93.1 Kiribati ................................................... 11.0 13.4 16.3 19.6 24.1 29.6 32.3 33.5 35.0 36.4 43.0 Marshall Islands ..................................... 23.3 29.1 35.6 42.7 53.5 60.6 58.3 61.9 65.1 66.7 68.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 20.0 21.1 22.3 23.5 24.8 25.9 26.4 26.1 25.8 25.1 22.3 Nauru .................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

72.9 74.6 76.4 78.1 79.8 81.3 82.8 84.1 85.4 86.6 Dominica ...............................................66.8 70.5 73.6 76.2 78.2 80.0 81.7 83.3 84.7 86.1 Dominican Republic ...............................30.6 31.0 32.2 34.2 37.1 40.5 43.9 47.4 50.9 54.4 Grenada ................................................98.3 98.2 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.5 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.8 Guadeloupe ...........................................42.7 49.6 55.6 60.7 64.7 68.0 71.0 73.8 76.4 78.9 Haiti .......................................................52.7 53.7 55.3 57.2 59.6 62.3 65.0 67.6 70.1 72.5 Jamaica .................................................97.9 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.8 Martinique ..............................................13.5 14.3 15.4 16.9 19.0 21.6 24.5 27.7 31.1 34.8 Montserrat .............................................91.9 93.2 94.1 94.7 95.2 95.5 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.6 Netherlands Antilles ...............................97.6 98.8 99.3 99.5 99.5 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.7 Puerto Rico ............................................32.2 32.4 33.5 35.4 38.3 41.6 45.0 48.4 51.9 55.3 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................27.6 28.0 29.0 30.6 33.0 36.1 39.6 43.1 46.7 50.4 Saint Lucia .............................................45.9 47.8 50.0 52.6 55.5 58.6 61.6 64.6 67.4 70.1 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........12.2 13.9 15.8 18.1 20.8 23.7 27.0 30.5 34.3 38.3 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................89.7 93.3 95.3 96.5 97.1 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.2 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................94.2 95.3 96.0 96.5 96.7 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.7 United States Virgin Islands ....................

70.2 71.7 73.2 74.7 76.2 77.7 79.2 80.6 82.0 83.3 CENTRAL AMERICA50.2 52.7 55.3 58.0 60.8 63.7 66.4 69.1 71.6 74.0 Belize ....................................................61.7 64.3 66.9 69.3 71.6 73.8 75.9 77.9 79.7 81.5 Costa Rica .............................................59.8 61.3 63.1 65.0 67.2 69.5 71.7 73.8 75.9 77.8 El Salvador ............................................47.2 49.5 52.0 54.7 57.6 60.6 63.6 66.5 69.2 71.8 Guatemala .............................................46.5 48.8 51.4 54.3 57.3 60.3 63.4 66.3 69.0 71.7 Honduras ...............................................76.3 77.8 79.3 80.7 82.0 83.3 84.5 85.6 86.6 87.6 Mexico ...................................................55.9 57.3 59.0 61.0 63.3 65.8 68.3 70.7 72.9 75.1 Nicaragua ..............................................70.8 74.8 77.9 80.3 82.1 83.6 85.0 86.4 87.6 88.7 Panama .................................................

81.8 83.7 85.2 86.4 87.4 88.3 89.1 90.0 90.7 91.4 SOUTH AMERICA91.4 92.4 93.2 93.8 94.3 94.6 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.0 Argentina ...............................................64.2 66.5 68.8 71.0 73.1 75.2 77.1 78.9 80.6 82.2 Bolivia ....................................................84.2 86.5 88.2 89.5 90.4 91.1 91.8 92.4 93.0 93.6 Brazil .....................................................87.6 89.0 90.1 91.0 91.7 92.3 92.8 93.3 93.8 94.2 Chile ......................................................73.6 75.1 76.6 78.0 79.5 81.0 82.3 83.6 84.8 86.0 Colombia ...............................................63.6 66.9 69.9 72.5 74.8 76.8 78.7 80.5 82.1 83.6 Ecuador .................................................90.2 92.9 94.5 95.4 95.9 96.3 96.6 96.9 97.1 97.4 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................75.6 76.4 77.4 78.6 80.0 81.4 82.7 83.9 85.0 86.1 French Guiana .......................................28.2 28.5 29.4 31.2 33.7 37.0 40.4 43.9 47.5 51.1 Guyana ..................................................58.5 61.5 64.4 67.1 69.6 71.9 74.2 76.3 78.3 80.2 Paraguay ...............................................71.1 71.6 72.5 73.6 74.9 76.5 78.2 79.7 81.1 82.5 Peru ......................................................73.9 75.6 77.4 79.0 80.5 82.0 83.4 84.7 85.9 87.0 Suriname ...............................................92.0 92.5 93.1 93.5 94.0 94.3 94.7 95.0 95.3 95.6 Uruguay .................................................92.3 94.0 95.2 95.9 96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 97.5 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

80.7 82.1 83.4 84.6 85.7 86.7 87.6 88.5 89.4 90.2 NORTHERN AMERICA100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Bermuda ................................................80.1 80.6 81.2 82.0 82.9 84.0 85.1 86.1 87.0 87.9 Canada ..................................................82.8 84.0 85.0 86.1 87.0 87.9 88.7 89.5 90.2 90.9 Greenland ..............................................89.0 89.3 89.7 90.2 90.7 91.3 91.8 92.3 92.8 93.3 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................80.8 82.3 83.7 84.9 86.0 87.0 87.9 88.8 89.6 90.4 United States of America ........................

70.5 70.6 70.9 71.4 71.9 72.6 73.4 74.3 75.3 76.4 OCEANIA

87.9 88.7 89.5 90.2 90.9 91.5 92.0 92.6 93.1 93.5 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND88.2 89.1 89.9 90.6 91.3 91.9 92.4 92.9 93.4 93.8 Australia (13) .........................................86.2 86.8 87.4 88.1 88.8 89.5 90.2 90.8 91.4 92.0 New Zealand ..........................................

18.7 18.9 19.5 20.7 22.5 24.7 27.2 29.8 32.7 35.8 MELANESIA50.8 53.4 56.1 58.8 61.6 64.4 67.1 69.7 72.2 74.6 Fiji .........................................................63.7 65.5 67.4 69.4 71.4 73.5 75.4 77.3 79.1 80.7 New Caledonia .......................................12.6 12.5 13.0 14.1 15.9 18.2 20.7 23.5 26.5 29.8 Papua New Guinea ................................17.0 18.6 20.5 23.0 25.9 29.2 32.7 36.4 40.3 44.3 Solomon Islands ....................................23.5 25.6 28.1 31.0 34.4 38.0 41.8 45.6 49.6 53.5 Vanuatu .................................................

66.9 67.9 69.0 70.2 71.6 73.1 74.8 76.5 78.2 79.9 MICRONESIA93.1 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.8 94.2 94.5 94.9 95.2 95.5 Guam ....................................................43.6 44.0 45.2 46.9 49.3 52.3 55.4 58.5 61.6 64.5 Kiribati ...................................................70.0 71.8 73.5 75.3 77.1 78.8 80.4 81.9 83.3 84.6 Marshall Islands .....................................22.3 22.7 23.6 25.1 27.3 30.3 33.6 37.1 40.7 44.4 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Nauru ....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 42.0 45.8 51.2 58.8 70.1 80.6 86.8 88.4 89.7 89.6 90.2 Palau ..................................................... 53.9 55.4 56.8 58.3 59.7 61.1 62.5 67.4 69.6 71.4 69.9

POLYNESIA 23.7 26.7 28.6 30.9 33.9 35.8 37.1 38.9 40.0 40.4 41.0 American Samoa .................................... 61.8 64.0 66.2 68.3 70.4 72.4 74.3 77.8 80.9 85.3 88.8 Cook Islands .......................................... 45.6 47.5 49.4 51.4 53.3 54.0 53.8 53.0 56.9 58.7 63.9 French Polynesia ................................... 34.1 38.2 42.4 48.2 55.3 56.9 57.4 57.3 55.9 53.5 52.4 Niue ....................................................... 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.1 23.4 27.0 31.0 30.9 31.5 33.7 Pitcairn .................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Samoa ................................................... 12.9 17.4 18.9 19.3 20.4 21.0 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.5 21.9 Tokelau ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Tonga .................................................... 12.9 15.5 17.6 19.5 20.2 20.3 21.2 22.3 22.7 22.9 23.2 Tuvalu ................................................... 11.2 13.4 15.9 18.8 22.1 25.8 29.8 34.3 40.7 44.0 46.0 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — — — — — — — — — — —

a More developed regions comprise Europe, Northern America, Australia/New Zealand and Japan. b Less developed regions comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean plus Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. c The least developed countries are 50 countries, 34 in Africa, 10 in Asia, 5 in Oceania plus one in Latin America and the Caribbean. d Other less developed countries comprise the less developed regions excluding the least developed countries. e Sub-Saharan Africa refers to all of Africa except Northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Including Mayotte. 2 Including Agalega, Rodrigues, and Saint Brandon. 3 Including Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha. 4 For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China. 5 As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 6 As of 20 December 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 7 The regions Southern Asia and Central Asia are combined into South-Central Asia. 8 Refers to Guernsey, and Jersey. 9 Including Åland Islands.10 Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.11 Refers to the Vatican City State.12 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.13 Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island.





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

90.8 91.3 91.9 92.4 92.9 93.3 93.8 94.2 94.5 94.9 Northern Mariana Islands .......................77.1 82.7 86.4 89.0 90.6 91.6 92.3 92.9 93.6 94.1 Palau .....................................................

42.0 43.1 44.7 46.8 49.3 52.2 55.1 58.0 60.9 63.8 POLYNESIA91.3 93.0 94.1 94.8 95.3 95.6 96.0 96.3 96.5 96.8 American Samoa ....................................70.6 76.3 80.5 83.6 85.8 87.3 88.3 89.4 90.3 91.1 Cook Islands ..........................................51.7 51.6 52.3 53.8 56.0 58.8 61.5 64.2 66.8 69.3 French Polynesia ...................................36.7 39.9 43.2 46.7 50.2 53.7 57.3 60.7 64.0 67.2 Niue .......................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Pitcairn ..................................................22.4 23.4 24.9 27.1 29.9 33.2 36.7 40.3 44.1 47.9 Samoa ...................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Tokelau .................................................24.0 25.3 27.4 30.1 33.4 36.9 40.5 44.2 48.0 51.8 Tonga ....................................................48.1 50.4 52.9 55.6 58.5 61.5 64.4 67.2 69.9 72.4 Tuvalu ...................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.3. Urban population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050


Urban population (thousands)Major area, region and country

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

WORLD 736 796 854 955 996 298 1 160 982 1 331 783 1 518 520 1 740 551 1 988 195 2 274 554 2 557 386 2 853 909

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 427 279 480 044 537 863 596 945 651 973 701 795 744 964 780 516 818 128 848 886 872 925 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 309 517 374 911 458 435 564 037 679 811 816 725 995 587 1 207 679 1 456 426 1 708 500 1 980 984 Least developed countries (c) 14 646 18 429 23 466 30 881 41 484 52 847 70 281 88 238 110 330 137 580 168 625 Other less developed countries (d) 294 871 356 483 434 969 533 155 638 326 763 879 925 306 1 119 442 1 346 097 1 570 920 1 812 359

Less developed regions, excluding China 235 531 286 252 350 404 432 551 531 569 651 096 794 509 956 983 1 135 533 1 321 330 1 519 518

Sub-Saharan Africa (e) 19 925 25 491 33 552 44 112 57 119 72 792 92 738 116 498 146 564 182 383 222 733

AFRICA 32 530 41 072 52 763 68 089 85 932 107 090 133 676 165 700 203 967 247 524 295 131

EASTERN AFRICA 3 454 4 590 6 117 8 309 11 380 15 614 21 488 27 570 35 349 43 666 53 369 Burundi .................................................. 42 50 60 71 84 118 179 255 357 450 552 Comoros (1) ........................................... 11 18 27 41 53 67 90 116 147 172 196 Djibouti .................................................. 25 32 43 65 100 150 245 300 424 498 608 Eritrea ................................................... 81 105 139 184 233 285 355 427 499 533 655 Ethiopia ................................................. 848 1 115 1 476 1 979 2 562 3 234 3 866 4 975 6 455 8 381 10 339 Kenya .................................................... 340 448 597 820 1 161 1 745 2 558 3 341 4 273 5 193 6 167 Madagascar ........................................... 330 434 572 754 977 1 291 1 678 2 185 2 836 3 598 4 390 Malawi ................................................... 101 124 155 195 273 404 562 738 1 092 1 338 1 764 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 145 176 219 279 347 388 409 430 464 487 506 Mozambique .......................................... 153 206 280 390 546 923 1 591 2 231 2 857 4 180 5 584 Réunion ................................................. 58 81 110 149 192 215 271 377 491 572 651 Rwanda ................................................. 39 52 69 89 121 176 245 310 395 468 1 126 Seychelles ............................................. 10 11 12 16 20 28 33 33 35 38 41 Somalia ................................................. 288 375 488 633 816 1 054 1 736 1 816 1 992 1 962 2 346 Uganda .................................................. 145 208 300 441 629 767 954 1 355 1 976 2 477 2 983 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 267 385 528 704 1 068 1 780 2 719 3 661 4 814 6 143 7 551 Zambia .................................................. 277 397 569 852 1 295 1 764 2 367 2 770 3 201 3 436 3 637 Zimbabwe .............................................. 292 371 473 646 903 1 226 1 630 2 249 3 040 3 742 4 273

MIDDLE AFRICA 3 655 4 537 5 705 7 601 10 263 12 828 15 845 19 403 23 952 30 116 36 348 Angola ................................................... 314 403 523 688 910 1 303 1 904 2 814 3 913 5 418 6 824 Cameroon .............................................. 417 560 754 1 021 1 388 2 135 2 898 3 810 4 983 6 372 7 908 Central African Republic ......................... 189 241 308 396 511 658 789 952 1 108 1 284 1 454 Chad ..................................................... 109 147 199 278 426 647 866 1 034 1 272 1 568 1 979 Congo ................................................... 201 252 317 403 518 668 863 1 094 1 316 1 576 1 868 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 2 327 2 809 3 446 4 610 6 241 7 074 8 062 9 077 10 556 12 892 15 126 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 35 48 64 71 78 61 59 91 118 148 167 Gabon ................................................... 53 67 84 119 169 256 373 491 635 796 948 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 8 9 10 14 22 26 32 40 51 62 75

NORTHERN AFRICA 13 232 16 458 20 441 25 693 31 208 37 477 44 858 54 359 64 305 74 374 84 431 Algeria ................................................... 1 944 2 540 3 295 4 488 5 430 6 460 8 191 10 600 13 168 15 828 18 246 Egypt ..................................................... 6 971 8 602 10 541 12 840 14 853 17 022 19 154 21 611 23 972 25 966 28 364 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 201 261 369 546 990 1 548 2 147 2 905 3 304 3 672 4 082 Morocco ................................................ 2 344 2 811 3 413 4 245 5 278 6 526 8 064 9 985 12 005 13 931 15 375 Sudan .................................................... 627 877 1 229 1 716 2 395 3 178 3 920 5 157 6 903 9 233 12 034 Tunisia ................................................... 1 140 1 360 1 583 1 839 2 229 2 697 3 266 3 946 4 762 5 518 6 066 Western Sahara ..................................... 4 7 10 18 32 45 116 155 190 226 264

SOUTHERN AFRICA 5 869 6 952 8 277 9 605 11 118 12 870 14 750 17 215 20 421 24 388 27 979 Botswana ............................................... 11 14 16 23 55 98 164 314 573 767 920 Lesotho ................................................. 10 15 29 59 89 124 148 173 224 292 377 Namibia ................................................. 65 83 107 136 172 211 249 298 392 494 608 South Africa ........................................... 5 778 6 833 8 110 9 362 10 758 12 363 14 079 16 274 19 034 22 614 25 827 Swaziland .............................................. 5 8 14 26 44 74 110 156 198 221 247

WESTERN AFRICA 6 319 8 535 12 224 16 881 21 963 28 301 36 735 47 153 59 941 74 980 93 004 Benin ..................................................... 99 145 215 317 472 704 1 014 1 353 1 786 2 282 2 770 Burkina Faso ......................................... 153 180 214 256 313 387 601 951 1 226 1 554 1 971 Cape Verde ........................................... 21 26 33 41 52 60 68 101 157 196 241 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 250 390 629 1 051 1 495 2 125 3 081 4 020 5 079 6 200 7 423 Gambia .................................................. 30 35 44 61 94 139 191 262 369 508 680 Ghana ................................................... 810 1 166 1 657 2 135 2 625 3 102 3 550 4 434 5 677 7 180 8 856 Guinea ................................................... 176 240 327 446 610 781 1 080 1 380 1 691 2 159 2 547 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 51 62 75 80 88 104 140 200 286 355 407 Liberia ................................................... 107 144 196 266 361 488 657 874 967 1 071 1 666


Table A.3. Urban population at mid-year by major area, region and country (continued)



2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

3 164 635 3 494 607 3 844 664 4 209 669 4 584 233 4 965 081 5 341 341 5 708 869 6 063 186 6 398 291 WORLD

899 848 924 702 948 836 972 322 994 720 1 015 630 1 033 945 1 049 176 1 061 507 1 071 393 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)2 264 787 2 569 905 2 895 828 3 237 347 3 589 513 3 949 451 4 307 396 4 659 693 5 001 679 5 326 899 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 206 996 254 111 310 218 376 042 452 444 539 448 635 630 739 913 850 930 966 884 Least developed countries (c)

2 057 791 2 315 794 2 585 610 2 861 305 3 137 070 3 410 002 3 671 766 3 919 780 4 150 749 4 360 014 Other less developed countries (d)

Less developed regions, excluding 1 726 597 1 954 765 2 204 103 2 472 444 2 758 464 3 060 484 3 369 299 3 680 969 3 990 092 4 290 101 China

269 246 323 525 386 372 458 187 539 458 630 351 729 562 835 990 948 249 1 064 736 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

349 392 412 190 484 434 566 229 657 833 759 402 869 392 986 237 1 108 407 1 233 971 AFRICA

64 771 78 786 96 150 117 253 142 603 172 529 206 494 244 329 285 720 330 141 EASTERN AFRICA 749 1 051 1 429 1 929 2 577 3 410 4 486 5 844 7 496 9 443 Burundi .................................................. 223 254 294 343 405 484 572 667 767 869 Comoros (1) ........................................... 692 773 852 931 1 017 1 101 1 181 1 257 1 328 1 394 Djibouti .................................................. 879 1 149 1 501 1 905 2 368 2 900 3 511 4 202 4 955 5 744 Eritrea ...................................................

12 687 15 722 19 564 24 369 30 293 37 484 45 800 55 232 65 748 77 228 Ethiopia ................................................. 7 384 9 015 11 126 13 735 16 952 20 739 25 076 29 923 35 192 40 798 Kenya .................................................... 5 313 6 430 7 786 9 412 11 350 13 629 16 166 18 921 21 858 24 927 Madagascar ........................................... 2 293 2 973 3 828 4 887 6 158 7 634 9 308 11 181 13 247 15 484 Malawi ................................................... 525 549 582 624 674 730 783 832 877 917 Mauritius (2) ..........................................

7 084 8 699 10 466 12 404 14 493 16 708 19 029 21 425 23 873 26 359 Mozambique .......................................... 725 786 839 886 927 962 992 1 014 1 031 1 043 Réunion .................................................

1 619 1 999 2 494 3 105 3 831 4 703 5 732 6 925 8 267 9 714 Rwanda ................................................. 45 48 52 56 60 64 68 71 74 76 Seychelles .............................................

2 884 3 553 4 359 5 288 6 353 7 576 8 913 10 342 11 843 13 403 Somalia ................................................. 3 632 4 525 5 756 7 449 9 713 12 653 16 216 20 460 25 438 31 153 Uganda .................................................. 9 313 11 487 14 161 17 316 21 029 25 330 30 084 35 185 40 513 45 946 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 4 017 4 507 5 122 5 913 6 862 7 990 9 227 10 541 11 920 13 345 Zambia .................................................. 4 706 5 264 5 939 6 702 7 539 8 432 9 351 10 306 11 294 12 297 Zimbabwe ..............................................

44 888 55 636 68 396 83 115 99 949 118 897 139 815 162 342 186 107 210 769 MIDDLE AFRICA 8 684 10 819 13 277 15 961 18 862 21 953 25 249 28 699 32 260 35 893 Angola ................................................... 9 657 11 482 13 375 15 288 17 194 19 090 20 998 22 888 24 723 26 474 Cameroon .............................................. 1 596 1 788 2 029 2 308 2 634 3 010 3 410 3 828 4 256 4 687 Central African Republic ......................... 2 563 3 236 4 100 5 203 6 566 8 165 9 989 12 026 14 263 16 679 Chad ..................................................... 2 172 2 492 2 862 3 256 3 678 4 128 4 592 5 059 5 521 5 972 Congo ...................................................

18 860 24 304 31 073 39 244 48 980 60 333 73 177 87 263 102 328 118 137 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 188 216 253 300 357 422 494 571 652 738 Equatorial Guinea ..................................

1 079 1 196 1 310 1 419 1 524 1 623 1 715 1 800 1 878 1 946 Gabon ................................................... 89 103 118 136 155 173 192 210 227 243 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................

95 189 107 312 120 575 134 654 149 296 164 519 179 982 195 119 209 692 223 281 NORTHERN AFRICA 20 804 23 555 26 408 29 193 31 778 34 096 36 189 38 111 39 888 41 425 Algeria ................................................... 31 062 34 041 37 577 41 684 46 435 51 950 58 002 64 066 69 991 75 623 Egypt ..................................................... 4 557 5 086 5 632 6 147 6 600 7 001 7 385 7 772 8 137 8 446 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ..........................

16 763 18 374 20 168 22 068 23 994 25 883 27 652 29 280 30 773 32 093 Morocco ................................................ 15 043 18 646 22 513 26 612 30 921 35 468 40 152 44 872 49 534 54 046 Sudan .................................................... 6 603 7 175 7 758 8 342 8 909 9 417 9 858 10 238 10 558 10 810 Tunisia ................................................... 356 434 518 606 658 704 743 779 811 839 Western Sahara .....................................

30 913 33 264 35 478 37 792 40 158 42 484 44 671 46 716 48 642 50 487 SOUTHERN AFRICA 1 053 1 194 1 331 1 463 1 591 1 714 1 833 1 954 2 074 2 191 Botswana ............................................... 461 550 646 747 850 954 1 057 1 162 1 266 1 368 Lesotho ................................................. 708 819 940 1 078 1 226 1 379 1 531 1 683 1 836 1 987 Namibia .................................................

28 419 30 405 32 234 34 134 36 073 37 969 39 726 41 336 42 823 44 235 South Africa ........................................... 271 296 327 369 417 468 523 582 643 706 Swaziland ..............................................

113 632 137 194 163 835 193 415 225 828 260 973 298 431 337 731 378 245 419 293 WESTERN AFRICA 3 397 4 151 5 037 6 081 7 286 8 639 10 107 11 672 13 307 14 979 Benin ..................................................... 2 555 3 286 4 228 5 424 6 899 8 640 10 647 12 913 15 421 18 137 Burkina Faso ......................................... 291 346 405 465 526 586 646 705 760 810 Cape Verde ...........................................

8 704 10 217 11 936 13 771 15 677 17 632 19 624 21 634 23 628 25 565 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 872 1 073 1 281 1 496 1 726 1 967 2 216 2 465 2 713 2 954 Gambia ..................................................

10 763 12 811 15 021 17 336 19 713 22 145 24 603 27 046 29 421 31 678 Ghana ................................................... 2 970 3 546 4 370 5 373 6 548 7 865 9 317 10 888 12 556 14 292 Guinea ................................................... 473 556 671 825 1 030 1 297 1 613 1 971 2 370 2 808 Guinea-Bissau .......................................

2 000 2 652 3 259 3 972 4 800 5 746 6 799 7 933 9 122 10 351 Liberia ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Mali ....................................................... 282 354 444 556 697 885 1 122 1 428 1 789 2 229 2 787 Mauritania .............................................. 21 37 61 102 168 270 411 600 772 886 1 026 Niger ..................................................... 107 139 177 244 371 564 778 975 1 202 1 465 1 801 Nigeria ................................................... 3 468 4 638 6 845 9 574 12 208 15 616 20 311 25 979 33 325 42 372 53 048 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Senegal ................................................. 438 572 754 995 1 321 1 725 2 100 2 552 3 075 3 603 4 200 Sierra Leone .......................................... 246 310 392 497 631 788 942 1 131 1 346 1 417 1 605 Togo ...................................................... 58 96 159 257 455 561 687 911 1 192 1 501 1 974

ASIA 236 587 281 903 338 143 408 149 484 704 573 703 693 745 839 148 1 014 979 1 186 870 1 372 686

EASTERN ASIA 110 328 132 454 160 243 193 584 225 031 255 766 302 954 362 184 443 518 517 680 596 765 China (4) ............................................... 72 119 86 363 105 246 128 093 144 537 161 439 196 220 245 322 314 845 380 553 454 362 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 1 682 2 121 2 620 3 191 3 458 3 943 4 609 5 070 5 677 6 206 6 662 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 185 174 164 201 246 248 248 304 371 411 441 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 3 018 3 416 4 400 5 557 7 722 9 113 9 809 10 791 11 760 12 841 13 809 Japan .................................................... 29 145 34 928 40 542 46 852 55 508 63 373 69 577 73 173 77 944 81 098 82 847 Mongolia ................................................ 152 226 342 461 566 704 866 1 051 1 264 1 357 1 397 Republic of Korea .................................. 4 027 5 225 6 928 9 230 12 994 16 946 21 624 26 473 31 656 35 214 37 247

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 84 100 97 092 112 502 133 391 158 951 193 655 238 699 286 182 338 249 391 371 446 597 Afghanistan ............................................ 473 600 769 992 1 306 1 770 2 187 2 091 2 319 3 607 4 413 Bangladesh ............................................ 1 878 2 269 2 786 3 818 5 301 7 770 13 196 17 589 22 396 27 398 32 893 Bhutan ................................................... 4 5 8 12 18 28 43 62 90 104 142 India ...................................................... 63 373 71 301 79 938 92 773 108 546 130 927 159 046 187 754 219 758 253 774 289 438 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 4 659 5 833 7 322 9 225 11 871 15 254 19 544 25 853 31 925 37 467 42 452 Kazakhstan ............................................ 2 437 3 231 4 418 5 603 6 586 7 430 8 077 8 838 9 301 8 902 8 416 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 461 582 743 923 1 111 1 260 1 401 1 540 1 660 1 669 1 751 Maldives ................................................ 9 10 11 12 14 24 35 47 56 64 76 Nepal ..................................................... 231 284 350 411 481 654 923 1 256 1 692 2 361 3 280 Pakistan ................................................ 6 473 8 107 10 225 12 303 14 782 17 989 22 234 27 878 34 548 40 676 47 884 Sri Lanka ............................................... 1 125 1 322 1 594 1 933 2 409 2 664 2 806 2 880 2 943 2 972 2 940 Tajikistan ............................................... 450 557 691 883 1 085 1 223 1 355 1 518 1 679 1 668 1 636 Turkmenistan ......................................... 544 619 740 891 1 046 1 198 1 347 1 485 1 653 1 899 2 064 Uzbekistan ............................................. 1 984 2 372 2 908 3 611 4 396 5 465 6 504 7 392 8 230 8 810 9 212

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 27 513 33 495 41 228 50 305 61 501 74 984 91 575 113 463 139 355 169 980 206 683 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 13 22 36 54 80 100 116 139 169 202 237 Cambodia .............................................. 443 496 559 665 1 108 313 605 1 021 1 222 1 613 2 161 Indonesia ............................................... 9 863 11 632 13 992 16 925 20 577 26 152 33 401 43 659 55 922 70 188 88 918 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 110 133 158 187 246 322 384 485 629 815 1 148 Malaysia ................................................ 1 244 1 639 2 165 2 842 3 631 4 615 5 787 7 195 9 014 11 468 14 424 Myanmar ............................................... 2 772 3 334 4 050 4 927 6 023 7 147 8 006 8 908 9 986 11 270 12 860 Philippines ............................................. 5 426 6 665 8 196 9 976 12 054 14 942 18 024 23 383 29 863 37 053 44 621 Singapore .............................................. 1 016 1 306 1 634 1 880 2 075 2 263 2 415 2 709 3 016 3 478 4 017 Thailand ................................................. 3 396 4 286 5 440 6 530 7 781 10 021 12 541 14 278 15 974 17 416 18 893 Timor-Leste ........................................... 43 47 52 62 78 98 96 122 154 192 199 Viet Nam ................................................ 3 186 3 935 4 946 6 256 7 850 9 011 10 202 11 564 13 403 16 284 19 204

WESTERN ASIA 14 646 18 862 24 171 30 870 39 221 49 299 60 518 77 319 93 858 107 839 122 641 Armenia ................................................. 576 733 958 1 226 1 508 1 797 2 044 2 239 2 391 2 139 2 006 Azerbaijan .............................................. 1 230 1 508 1 858 2 233 2 586 2 952 3 251 3 568 3 876 4 068 4 169 Bahrain .................................................. 74 101 129 158 184 231 299 360 434 511 574 Cyprus ................................................... 140 171 204 222 251 288 358 419 454 497 540 Georgia ................................................. 1 316 1 528 1 761 2 012 2 235 2 432 2 620 2 847 3 006 2 711 2 486 Iraq ........................................................ 1 876 2 357 3 145 4 350 5 678 7 348 9 234 11 201 12 906 14 878 16 993 Israel ..................................................... 893 1 241 1 625 2 074 2 440 2 910 3 334 3 685 4 079 4 883 5 563 Jordan ................................................... 175 288 456 600 908 1 117 1 334 1 793 2 350 3 366 3 755 Kuwait ................................................... 94 138 208 373 638 900 1 303 1 684 2 100 1 692 2 188 Lebanon ................................................ 462 586 800 1 113 1 453 1 833 2 052 2 296 2 472 2 961 3 244 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 375 423 485 586 595 748 922 1 163 1 462 1 843 2 251 Oman .................................................... 39 60 93 143 221 350 565 872 1 218 1 557 1 719 Qatar ..................................................... 20 29 38 61 98 152 205 325 431 495 586 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 682 933 1 273 1 858 2 796 4 231 6 325 9 346 12 449 14 358 16 614 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 1 083 1 342 1 699 2 160 2 761 3 396 4 190 5 180 6 224 7 314 8 524 Turkey ................................................... 5 322 7 027 8 898 10 951 13 844 17 138 20 277 27 352 33 949 38 974 44 126 United Arab Emirates ............................. 38 51 66 109 175 422 819 1 126 1 476 1 906 2 527 Yemen ................................................... 250 344 475 639 850 1 053 1 386 1 862 2 577 3 688 4 776





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

3 537 4 503 5 716 7 207 8 987 11 022 13 294 15 788 18 482 21 333 Mali ....................................................... 1 197 1 393 1 620 1 887 2 203 2 557 2 932 3 319 3 711 4 097 Mauritania .............................................. 2 161 2 633 3 289 4 208 5 503 7 301 9 593 12 407 15 771 19 704 Niger .....................................................

65 270 78 845 93 767 109 772 126 634 144 246 162 461 181 022 199 568 217 726 Nigeria ................................................... 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 Saint Helena (3) .....................................

4 891 5 710 6 657 7 743 8 992 10 403 11 905 13 465 15 041 16 596 Senegal ................................................. 2 057 2 375 2 799 3 318 3 949 4 702 5 547 6 459 7 427 8 444 Sierra Leone .......................................... 2 492 3 094 3 778 4 534 5 352 6 220 7 123 8 039 8 943 9 813 Togo ......................................................

1 565 109 1 769 616 1 986 704 2 211 851 2 440 276 2 669 175 2 890 673 3 102 804 3 302 791 3 486 320 ASIA

677 236 757 180 836 273 911 420 978 955 1 037 539 1 086 374 1 125 750 1 156 587 1 179 179 EASTERN ASIA 530 659 607 230 683 474 756 340 822 209 879 892 928 839 969 337 1 002 121 1 027 294 China (4) ...............................................

7 057 7 419 7 744 8 040 8 305 8 532 8 714 8 847 8 933 8 980 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 473 490 507 523 535 543 544 540 533 524 China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................

14 546 15 219 15 987 16 849 17 697 18 404 18 918 19 284 19 559 19 766 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 84 363 85 385 86 082 86 420 86 460 86 304 85 808 84 887 83 613 82 086 Japan .................................................... 1 464 1 555 1 681 1 820 1 965 2 104 2 233 2 351 2 452 2 533 Mongolia ................................................

38 673 39 881 40 799 41 428 41 783 41 759 41 319 40 504 39 376 37 997 Republic of Korea ..................................

504 037 571 987 652 496 745 666 850 824 966 262 1 085 862 1 208 687 1 331 569 1 450 676 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 5 740 7 532 9 631 12 163 15 364 19 294 23 858 29 010 34 710 40 886 Afghanistan ............................................

39 351 46 770 55 474 65 523 76 957 89 448 102 607 116 184 129 875 143 318 Bangladesh ............................................ 197 252 313 372 428 478 526 572 616 657 Bhutan ...................................................

325 563 366 858 415 612 472 561 538 055 611 407 686 835 763 905 840 681 914 888 India ...................................................... 46 467 51 620 57 046 62 376 66 930 70 972 74 849 78 545 81 779 84 267 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 8 685 9 220 9 825 10 415 10 952 11 457 11 953 12 425 12 834 13 134 Kazakhstan ............................................ 1 863 2 014 2 202 2 419 2 660 2 928 3 199 3 463 3 706 3 919 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 100 131 165 200 233 264 292 321 349 375 Maldives ................................................

4 269 5 447 6 879 8 582 10 550 12 776 15 266 18 006 20 956 24 044 Nepal ..................................................... 55 135 64 192 75 598 89 070 104 042 119 652 135 892 152 682 169 597 186 019 Pakistan ................................................ 2 895 2 962 3 133 3 419 3 830 4 333 4 844 5 357 5 865 6 357 Sri Lanka ............................................... 1 729 1 874 2 106 2 405 2 774 3 219 3 697 4 185 4 686 5 193 Tajikistan ............................................... 2 287 2 556 2 855 3 172 3 485 3 789 4 084 4 366 4 627 4 854 Turkmenistan ......................................... 9 755 10 557 11 657 12 993 14 561 16 244 17 961 19 666 21 287 22 763 Uzbekistan .............................................

245 895 286 579 326 862 365 769 403 135 439 465 474 251 506 485 535 748 561 580 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 275 313 352 389 426 462 498 532 564 594 Brunei Darussalam .................................

2 753 3 470 4 342 5 355 6 473 7 678 8 982 10 385 11 866 13 371 Cambodia .............................................. 108 828 128 634 147 197 163 850 178 731 192 805 205 983 217 727 227 718 235 860 Indonesia ...............................................

1 551 2 048 2 604 3 192 3 776 4 322 4 845 5 350 5 846 6 321 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 17 345 20 150 22 760 25 130 27 187 28 994 30 684 32 241 33 629 34 816 Malaysia ................................................ 14 700 16 973 19 430 22 025 24 720 27 427 30 074 32 601 34 948 37 069 Myanmar ............................................... 53 032 61 731 70 313 78 595 86 418 93 860 100 791 107 007 112 710 117 833 Philippines ............................................. 4 327 4 592 4 809 4 965 5 104 5 202 5 234 5 199 5 121 5 026 Singapore ..............................................

20 352 22 118 24 138 26 456 29 063 31 682 34 175 36 485 38 562 40 396 Thailand ................................................. 278 357 459 582 732 911 1 118 1 352 1 615 1 902 Timor-Leste ...........................................

22 454 26 191 30 458 35 230 40 505 46 123 51 868 57 607 63 171 68 393 Viet Nam ................................................

137 940 153 870 171 074 188 995 207 362 225 909 244 185 261 882 278 888 294 884 WESTERN ASIA 1 933 1 903 1 907 1 926 1 947 1 960 1 961 1 950 1 926 1 887 Armenia ................................................. 4 304 4 526 4 809 5 129 5 452 5 764 6 039 6 279 6 484 6 636 Azerbaijan .............................................. 641 702 762 820 875 929 978 1 021 1 057 1 088 Bahrain .................................................. 580 620 664 712 760 807 852 896 937 977 Cyprus ...................................................

2 347 2 277 2 260 2 256 2 272 2 291 2 298 2 286 2 256 2 211 Georgia ................................................. 18 729 20 375 23 245 26 338 29 699 33 389 37 152 40 883 44 568 48 165 Iraq ........................................................ 6 131 6 670 7 167 7 626 8 077 8 524 8 949 9 335 9 670 9 956 Israel ..................................................... 4 341 5 067 5 471 5 958 6 486 7 012 7 509 7 961 8 376 8 741 Jordan ................................................... 2 654 3 001 3 327 3 637 3 934 4 218 4 493 4 752 4 986 5 187 Kuwait ................................................... 3 473 3 688 3 896 4 091 4 275 4 435 4 568 4 677 4 764 4 826 Lebanon ................................................ 2 693 3 177 3 710 4 301 4 953 5 653 6 370 7 094 7 813 8 520 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 1 792 1 984 2 207 2 449 2 700 2 951 3 187 3 410 3 622 3 817 Oman .................................................... 760 848 929 1 004 1 066 1 125 1 180 1 229 1 269 1 301 Qatar .....................................................

19 120 21 681 24 334 27 022 29 661 32 178 34 517 36 634 38 583 40 391 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 10 049 11 754 13 350 15 080 16 890 18 746 20 601 22 409 24 160 25 775 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 49 097 54 119 59 017 63 658 67 981 71 874 75 385 78 461 81 053 83 120 Turkey ................................................... 3 190 3 693 4 148 4 618 5 092 5 568 6 045 6 518 6 970 7 384 United Arab Emirates ............................. 6 104 7 784 9 870 12 371 15 244 18 487 22 103 26 089 30 393 34 902 Yemen ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

EUROPE 280 755 310 943 344 401 380 660 412 159 444 412 471 313 490 331 508 718 517 441 520 270

EASTERN EUROPE 87 577 105 328 123 948 141 434 156 640 173 272 188 271 201 078 211 397 211 672 208 075 Belarus .................................................. 2 032 2 252 2 654 3 282 3 978 4 741 5 457 6 182 6 769 6 973 7 029 Bulgaria ................................................. 2 000 2 416 2 919 3 754 4 440 5 020 5 503 5 788 5 854 5 663 5 510 Czech Republic ...................................... 4 836 5 286 5 684 6 021 6 312 7 016 7 730 7 770 7 750 7 695 7 562 Hungary ................................................. 4 951 5 348 5 582 5 891 6 214 6 554 6 873 6 886 6 824 6 735 6 596 Moldova ................................................. 386 518 704 919 1 153 1 391 1 620 1 870 2 052 2 027 1 848 Poland ................................................... 9 517 11 784 14 194 15 762 17 026 18 803 20 664 22 299 23 351 23 733 23 719 Romania ................................................ 4 180 5 354 6 297 7 175 8 166 9 099 10 228 11 281 12 350 12 241 11 842 Russian Federation ................................ 45 395 54 576 64 509 74 050 81 548 89 838 96 754 103 301 109 074 109 415 108 135 Slovakia ................................................. 1 039 1 205 1 387 1 616 1 859 2 190 2 570 2 785 2 969 3 033 3 031 Ukraine .................................................. 13 241 16 590 20 019 22 965 25 944 28 620 30 873 32 915 34 404 34 156 32 803

NORTHERN EUROPE 53 980 55 614 57 789 61 111 63 886 69 258 73 426 74 726 76 137 77 369 78 697 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 42 42 43 43 44 44 42 43 45 44 45 Denmark ................................................ 2 904 3 090 3 376 3 666 3 930 4 156 4 289 4 313 4 361 4 443 4 540 Estonia .................................................. 547 622 700 792 887 968 1 027 1 079 1 114 1 007 951 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 5 6 7 9 11 12 14 14 14 14 17 Finland (9) ............................................. 1 280 1 482 1 687 2 005 2 315 2 745 2 859 2 932 3 063 3 135 3 164 Iceland .................................................. 104 121 141 159 173 189 201 216 231 245 259 Ireland ................................................... 1 190 1 277 1 299 1 401 1 528 1 704 1 882 1 991 2 000 2 090 2 250 Isle of Man ............................................. 29 28 27 29 32 32 34 33 36 37 40 Latvia .................................................... 905 998 1 121 1 288 1 432 1 576 1 685 1 768 1 844 1 712 1 619 Lithuania ................................................ 739 895 1 096 1 321 1 556 1 839 2 087 2 305 2 499 2 442 2 346 Norway (10) ........................................... 1 647 1 721 1 788 2 143 2 536 2 732 2 882 2 961 3 052 3 216 3 415 Sweden ................................................. 4 610 5 030 5 422 5 960 6 517 6 778 6 905 6 939 7 112 7 399 7 451 United Kingdom ..................................... 39 977 40 301 41 083 42 296 42 926 46 483 49 519 50 131 50 765 51 586 52 600

SOUTHERN EUROPE 49 252 54 284 59 547 66 314 73 279 79 595 85 703 88 678 90 817 93 019 95 325 Albania .................................................. 249 370 495 584 678 785 902 1 038 1 198 1 226 1 286 Andorra ................................................. 2 4 8 13 20 27 34 45 50 61 61 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 364 476 605 775 970 1 172 1 391 1 549 1 691 1 405 1 637 Croatia .................................................. 858 1 033 1 220 1 442 1 676 1 924 2 191 2 338 2 441 2 563 2 505 Gibraltar ................................................ 20 21 22 23 25 25 27 27 27 27 27 Greece .................................................. 2 825 3 191 3 574 4 064 4 617 5 003 5 567 5 806 5 979 6 317 6 556 Holy See (11) ......................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Italy ....................................................... 25 485 27 650 29 799 32 228 34 593 36 393 37 608 37 819 37 847 38 347 38 782 Malta ..................................................... 277 282 281 274 272 273 291 309 325 344 359 Montenegro ........................................... 51 67 88 114 139 174 212 244 282 333 392 Portugal ................................................. 2 622 2 838 3 096 3 317 3 368 3 708 4 179 4 535 4 784 5 126 5 564 San Marino ............................................ 6 6 8 9 11 14 17 20 22 24 25 Serbia .................................................... 1 367 1 762 2 204 2 698 3 248 3 682 4 128 4 482 4 822 5 189 5 179 Slovenia ................................................. 293 365 446 530 618 738 880 934 971 994 1 007 Spain ..................................................... 14 542 15 833 17 228 19 643 22 307 24 828 27 315 28 513 29 275 29 878 30 680 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 288 385 474 598 738 847 960 1 018 1 103 1 185 1 264

WESTERN EUROPE 89 946 95 718 103 117 111 801 118 354 122 286 123 914 125 848 130 367 135 380 138 173 Austria ................................................... 4 410 4 457 4 561 4 727 4 873 4 952 4 937 4 969 5 083 5 295 5 337 Belgium ................................................. 7 892 8 151 8 465 8 802 9 039 9 239 9 374 9 417 9 573 9 759 9 899 France ................................................... 23 103 25 259 28 269 32 703 36 076 38 431 39 484 40 717 42 016 43 601 44 838 Germany ................................................ 46 558 49 011 51 978 54 660 56 496 57 085 57 028 56 486 58 080 59 846 60 141 Liechtenstein ......................................... 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 Luxembourg ........................................... 199 209 218 239 252 277 291 296 309 338 366 Monaco ................................................. 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 28 30 32 32 Netherlands ........................................... 5 678 6 233 6 864 7 469 8 040 8 635 9 161 9 669 10 269 11 256 12 229 Switzerland ............................................ 2 083 2 373 2 736 3 176 3 549 3 636 3 607 4 262 5 002 5 249 5 326

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 69 316 86 564 107 673 134 113 163 916 198 337 236 601 274 656 313 852 353 457 394 099

CARIBBEAN 6 307 7 230 8 328 9 906 11 574 13 550 15 446 17 197 19 222 21 570 23 787 Anguilla ................................................. 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 9 10 11 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 14 18 22 23 23 26 25 24 22 23 25 Aruba .................................................... 19 22 25 27 29 30 31 33 32 41 42 Bahamas ............................................... 41 50 67 89 113 132 154 179 204 227 249 Barbados ............................................... 76 83 85 87 90 95 99 94 89 97 104 British Virgin Islands ............................... 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 7 8 Cayman Islands ..................................... 7 7 9 9 10 13 17 21 26 33 40 Cuba ..................................................... 3 345 3 758 4 170 4 717 5 249 6 058 6 690 7 154 7 780 8 118 8 423





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

525 831 530 248 534 769 539 752 545 101 550 287 554 280 556 681 557 469 556 724 EUROPE

203 235 198 951 195 618 192 987 190 817 188 923 186 806 184 170 180 977 177 219 EASTERN EUROPE 7 067 7 076 7 057 7 000 6 903 6 773 6 616 6 434 6 229 6 001 Belarus .................................................. 5 438 5 356 5 258 5 144 5 011 4 865 4 705 4 534 4 352 4 157 Bulgaria ................................................. 7 493 7 483 7 500 7 535 7 575 7 584 7 554 7 502 7 436 7 356 Czech Republic ...................................... 6 687 6 790 6 879 6 954 7 011 7 045 7 052 7 039 7 019 6 994 Hungary ................................................. 1 651 1 529 1 492 1 491 1 518 1 567 1 612 1 646 1 673 1 689 Moldova .................................................

23 473 23 177 23 100 23 141 23 236 23 351 23 363 23 220 22 953 22 574 Poland ................................................... 11 605 11 556 11 559 11 657 11 783 11 907 11 959 11 932 11 825 11 633 Romania ................................................

104 985 102 153 99 767 97 742 96 061 94 685 93 397 92 006 90 428 88 653 Russian Federation ................................ 3 028 3 064 3 127 3 208 3 300 3 376 3 426 3 454 3 462 3 451 Slovakia .................................................

31 805 30 766 29 879 29 116 28 418 27 771 27 123 26 403 25 600 24 710 Ukraine ..................................................

80 845 83 050 85 286 87 590 89 856 91 933 93 715 95 292 96 752 98 119 NORTHERN EUROPE 46 47 49 52 55 59 64 68 73 77 Channel Islands (8) ................................

4 651 4 772 4 867 4 951 5 027 5 089 5 127 5 144 5 147 5 147 Denmark ................................................ 933 918 910 906 903 903 905 906 908 907 Estonia .................................................. 19 21 23 26 28 30 33 35 37 39 Faeroe Islands .......................................

3 272 3 402 3 536 3 672 3 805 3 927 4 027 4 111 4 188 4 262 Finland (9) ............................................. 273 285 296 305 314 321 327 332 335 336 Iceland ..................................................

2 506 2 804 3 057 3 312 3 564 3 820 4 081 4 341 4 590 4 818 Ireland ................................................... 40 40 40 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 Isle of Man .............................................

1 565 1 529 1 505 1 489 1 476 1 468 1 456 1 442 1 428 1 411 Latvia .................................................... 2 283 2 240 2 219 2 206 2 193 2 191 2 182 2 165 2 141 2 112 Lithuania ................................................ 3 586 3 714 3 857 4 014 4 187 4 365 4 528 4 671 4 802 4 926 Norway (10) ........................................... 7 621 7 826 8 040 8 281 8 525 8 743 8 930 9 103 9 282 9 468 Sweden .................................................

54 052 55 451 56 886 58 337 59 738 60 974 62 013 62 929 63 777 64 569 United Kingdom .....................................

99 759 103 170 105 968 108 430 110 812 113 089 115 111 116 833 118 107 118 815 SOUTHERN EUROPE 1 413 1 556 1 711 1 864 2 006 2 134 2 246 2 345 2 427 2 489 Albania ..................................................

66 66 65 64 63 62 62 61 60 58 Andorra ................................................. 1 791 1 916 2 021 2 115 2 192 2 253 2 296 2 320 2 326 2 317 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 2 570 2 618 2 649 2 689 2 735 2 774 2 795 2 804 2 804 2 794 Croatia ..................................................

29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 27 Gibraltar ................................................ 6 700 6 888 7 089 7 301 7 527 7 746 7 946 8 123 8 270 8 382 Greece ..................................................

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Holy See (11) ......................................... 39 652 40 354 40 988 41 558 42 205 42 881 43 464 43 926 44 221 44 340 Italy .......................................................

377 389 400 409 416 419 420 419 418 418 Malta ..................................................... 372 357 355 359 368 380 394 407 418 428 Montenegro ...........................................

6 066 6 510 6 875 7 164 7 389 7 576 7 733 7 856 7 940 7 983 Portugal ................................................. 28 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 San Marino ............................................

5 078 5 199 5 368 5 574 5 814 6 067 6 304 6 525 6 724 6 895 Serbia .................................................... 990 959 944 944 958 986 1 015 1 040 1 058 1 069 Slovenia .................................................

33 295 34 912 36 010 36 861 37 584 38 242 38 865 39 446 39 896 40 123 Spain ..................................................... 1 331 1 386 1 430 1 467 1 493 1 507 1 509 1 501 1 484 1 460 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

141 992 145 077 147 897 150 744 153 616 156 341 158 647 160 386 161 634 162 571 WESTERN EUROPE 5 514 5 703 5 859 6 028 6 204 6 376 6 531 6 659 6 766 6 858 Austria ...................................................

10 115 10 252 10 356 10 440 10 511 10 562 10 582 10 569 10 529 10 473 Belgium ................................................. 46 781 48 616 50 337 52 020 53 659 55 197 56 594 57 799 58 787 59 603 France ................................................... 60 630 60 826 61 053 61 386 61 772 62 163 62 399 62 425 62 302 62 092 Germany ................................................

5 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 Liechtenstein ......................................... 378 397 419 443 473 505 538 570 602 633 Luxembourg ........................................... 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 37 Monaco .................................................

13 095 13 674 14 117 14 492 14 860 15 184 15 447 15 628 15 741 15 824 Netherlands ........................................... 5 441 5 570 5 717 5 894 6 096 6 310 6 510 6 689 6 859 7 036 Switzerland ............................................

432 554 471 177 508 210 542 804 574 563 603 385 628 810 650 640 668 589 682 551 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

26 072 28 288 30 502 32 669 34 708 36 527 38 143 39 537 40 695 41 598 CARIBBEAN 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 Anguilla ................................................. 26 27 29 31 35 40 44 49 53 58 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 48 48 50 52 54 57 59 62 64 66 Aruba ....................................................

269 289 309 328 346 362 377 389 399 408 Bahamas ............................................... 112 121 131 141 152 161 169 174 179 181 Barbados ...............................................

9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 British Virgin Islands ............................... 46 49 51 54 55 57 58 59 59 59 Cayman Islands .....................................

8 512 8 525 8 571 8 657 8 763 8 828 8 822 8 739 8 586 8 368 Cuba .....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Dominica ............................................... 13 15 16 22 30 38 46 47 47 48 49 Dominican Republic ............................... 576 761 1 012 1 384 1 848 2 405 3 043 3 560 4 029 4 630 5 459 Grenada ................................................ 24 25 27 30 30 30 29 33 31 31 31 Guadeloupe ........................................... 200 225 263 286 304 315 320 350 385 400 414 Haiti ....................................................... 392 485 603 752 931 1 050 1 169 1 486 2 027 2 554 3 052 Jamaica ................................................. 338 443 550 661 774 887 997 1 112 1 171 1 258 1 342 Martinique .............................................. 73 83 113 156 199 234 260 313 352 367 378 Montserrat ............................................. 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 88 91 94 107 121 131 141 152 163 168 163 Puerto Rico ............................................ 900 955 1 051 1 331 1 584 1 845 2 139 2 336 2 546 3 221 3 629 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 12 13 14 15 15 16 15 15 14 15 15 Saint Lucia ............................................. 16 18 19 22 25 28 31 35 40 43 43 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 9 10 11 17 24 26 27 35 44 49 52 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 136 139 146 129 115 115 118 113 104 122 141 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 6 9 12 16 United States Virgin Islands .................... 16 17 18 31 45 65 79 88 91 97 102

CENTRAL AMERICA 14 720 18 609 23 627 29 857 37 443 46 214 55 593 64 239 73 255 83 215 93 130 Belize .................................................... 38 44 50 56 63 67 71 79 88 102 117 Costa Rica ............................................. 324 383 457 567 707 848 1 012 1 229 1 559 1 939 2 318 El Salvador ............................................ 712 832 989 1 172 1 418 1 710 2 020 2 224 2 516 3 039 3 618 Guatemala ............................................. 789 1 013 1 288 1 610 1 926 2 278 2 623 3 107 3 663 4 313 5 067 Honduras ............................................... 261 344 456 605 778 997 1 267 1 597 1 970 2 356 2 748 Mexico ................................................... 11 833 15 056 19 224 24 393 30 707 38 103 45 990 52 971 59 994 67 368 74 524 Nicaragua .............................................. 456 561 698 876 1 126 1 366 1 626 1 900 2 167 2 497 2 796 Panama ................................................. 308 376 465 579 718 845 983 1 133 1 299 1 602 1 941

SOUTH AMERICA 48 290 60 725 75 718 94 350 114 900 138 572 165 563 193 220 221 375 248 672 277 182 Argentina ............................................... 11 206 13 180 15 176 17 017 18 901 21 092 23 286 25 771 28 340 30 883 33 252 Bolivia .................................................... 919 1 061 1 232 1 434 1 675 1 966 2 434 3 013 3 706 4 444 5 143 Brazil ..................................................... 19 517 25 448 32 681 42 443 53 521 66 753 81 975 97 014 111 851 125 685 141 404 Chile ...................................................... 3 553 4 278 5 185 6 199 7 199 8 163 9 078 9 999 10 974 12 145 13 246 Colombia ............................................... 4 110 5 618 7 584 9 977 12 335 14 812 17 615 20 698 23 811 26 979 30 043 Ecuador ................................................. 958 1 198 1 504 1 885 2 345 2 926 3 739 4 660 5 659 6 583 7 420 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 French Guiana ....................................... 14 17 21 26 32 39 48 64 87 104 124 Guyana .................................................. 119 139 165 188 209 220 232 226 216 215 210 Paraguay ............................................... 509 587 678 789 921 1 093 1 333 1 665 2 068 2 502 2 960 Peru ...................................................... 3 129 3 805 4 649 5 948 7 573 9 318 11 187 13 054 14 994 16 764 18 141 Suriname ............................................... 101 118 137 156 171 180 196 245 275 292 315 Uruguay ................................................. 1 744 1 876 2 036 2 190 2 313 2 359 2 488 2 623 2 763 2 914 3 031 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 2 410 3 399 4 670 6 095 7 703 9 651 11 950 14 187 16 630 19 161 21 891

NORTHERN AMERICA 109 667 125 297 142 739 157 739 171 167 179 752 188 923 200 905 214 166 231 651 249 824 Bermuda ................................................ 37 41 45 49 52 54 56 58 60 61 63 Canada .................................................. 8 372 10 339 12 368 14 344 16 430 17 498 18 550 19 732 21 214 22 760 24 391 Greenland .............................................. 11 14 19 26 34 37 38 41 44 45 46 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 United States of America ........................ 101 242 114 899 130 302 143 316 154 647 162 157 170 274 181 069 192 842 208 779 225 319

OCEANIA 7 941 9 174 10 578 12 232 13 905 15 227 16 293 17 456 18 872 20 443 21 899

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 7 713 8 874 10 181 11 695 13 140 14 258 15 151 16 108 17 300 18 696 19 984 Australia (13) ......................................... 6 329 7 302 8 378 9 622 10 853 11 706 12 554 13 391 14 410 15 561 16 682 New Zealand .......................................... 1 384 1 573 1 803 2 073 2 287 2 552 2 597 2 717 2 890 3 135 3 302

MELANESIA 124 170 237 336 510 656 780 929 1 093 1 217 1 337 Fiji ......................................................... 70 90 117 151 181 212 239 273 301 349 387 New Caledonia ....................................... 16 21 29 41 54 71 82 91 102 116 133 Papua New Guinea ................................ 31 48 77 125 250 342 417 509 619 663 711 Solomon Islands .................................... 3 5 7 10 14 18 24 34 43 53 65 Vanuatu ................................................. 4 5 7 8 11 14 17 22 28 35 41

MICRONESIA 47 57 69 88 112 152 184 221 261 297 326 Guam .................................................... 25 29 34 42 53 80 100 110 122 134 144 Kiribati ................................................... 3 4 5 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 36 Marshall Islands ..................................... 3 4 5 7 11 16 18 24 31 34 36 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 6 8 10 12 15 16 19 22 25 27 24 Nauru .................................................... 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 10





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

49 50 51 53 55 56 57 58 58 58 Dominica ............................................... 6 322 7 182 8 013 8 801 9 523 10 170 10 750 11 256 11 682 12 024 Dominican Republic ...............................

32 33 34 37 40 43 46 49 50 52 Grenada ................................................ 431 446 457 466 473 477 478 476 471 462 Guadeloupe ...........................................

3 974 4 988 6 021 7 027 7 966 8 833 9 688 10 523 11 317 12 046 Haiti ....................................................... 1 413 1 481 1 558 1 643 1 733 1 822 1 895 1 950 1 985 2 002 Jamaica ................................................. 388 394 397 398 397 393 386 376 362 346 Martinique ..............................................

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Montserrat ............................................. 171 186 193 196 197 196 194 190 186 180 Netherlands Antilles ...............................

3 854 4 007 4 129 4 229 4 308 4 365 4 397 4 411 4 414 4 409 Puerto Rico ............................................ 16 17 19 21 23 26 30 33 35 38 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 45 48 52 58 64 73 82 91 100 109 Saint Lucia ............................................. 55 58 62 66 69 72 75 76 76 75 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........

162 187 217 252 291 332 375 420 464 507 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 22 24 26 28 29 30 31 31 31 31 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................

105 106 106 105 103 100 96 91 86 80 United States Virgin Islands ....................

100 875 110 136 119 423 128 480 137 194 145 427 152 847 159 212 164 406 168 371 CENTRAL AMERICA 138 161 185 211 237 263 289 314 338 360 Belize ....................................................

2 670 3 001 3 331 3 656 3 973 4 277 4 561 4 817 5 043 5 236 Costa Rica ............................................. 3 985 4 378 4 793 5 252 5 726 6 206 6 667 7 096 7 480 7 812 El Salvador ............................................ 5 997 7 111 8 432 9 893 11 478 13 152 14 851 16 537 18 175 19 732 Guatemala ............................................. 3 177 3 680 4 259 4 885 5 544 6 214 6 869 7 492 8 092 8 661 Honduras ...............................................

79 564 85 839 91 777 97 265 102 258 106 689 110 379 113 177 115 023 115 916 Mexico ................................................... 3 055 3 343 3 705 4 086 4 478 4 873 5 248 5 591 5 889 6 136 Nicaragua .............................................. 2 288 2 624 2 940 3 233 3 501 3 752 3 983 4 188 4 366 4 518 Panama .................................................

305 607 332 753 358 284 381 654 402 661 421 431 437 820 451 892 463 488 472 582 SOUTH AMERICA 35 411 37 640 39 766 41 726 43 470 44 990 46 295 47 469 48 484 49 305 Argentina ............................................... 5 896 6 675 7 470 8 265 9 047 9 799 10 507 11 157 11 744 12 261 Bolivia ....................................................

157 369 172 177 185 355 196 896 206 850 215 492 222 860 229 075 234 060 237 751 Brazil ..................................................... 14 280 15 250 16 152 16 958 17 662 18 245 18 712 19 066 19 313 19 460 Chile ...................................................... 33 071 35 951 38 788 41 549 44 179 46 610 48 740 50 546 52 027 53 187 Colombia ............................................... 8 308 9 222 10 206 11 153 12 027 12 813 13 516 14 125 14 630 15 043 Ecuador .................................................

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 145 165 187 210 235 259 283 306 328 349 French Guiana ....................................... 209 208 211 218 230 244 253 255 252 244 Guyana ..................................................

3 453 3 973 4 510 5 051 5 584 6 103 6 601 7 072 7 511 7 913 Paraguay ............................................... 19 394 20 700 22 299 23 944 25 593 27 219 28 737 30 085 31 241 32 223 Peru ......................................................

334 352 367 379 389 394 396 392 383 371 Suriname ............................................... 3 059 3 122 3 193 3 269 3 333 3 387 3 430 3 461 3 478 3 482 Uruguay .................................................

24 675 27 315 29 778 32 032 34 059 35 872 37 488 38 880 40 032 40 991 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

268 209 286 316 303 951 320 859 336 664 351 430 365 252 378 105 390 099 401 478 NORTHERN AMERICA 64 65 65 66 66 66 65 65 64 63 Bermuda ................................................

25 856 27 198 28 580 30 005 31 445 32 848 34 151 35 346 36 476 37 583 Canada .................................................. 48 50 52 54 56 57 57 58 58 58 Greenland .............................................. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................

242 236 258 998 275 248 290 729 305 091 318 454 330 973 342 631 353 495 363 768 United States of America ........................

23 540 25 059 26 595 28 175 29 797 31 401 32 933 34 401 35 831 37 247 OCEANIA

21 444 22 754 24 034 25 291 26 495 27 608 28 605 29 501 30 327 31 105 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 17 912 19 035 20 139 21 226 22 266 23 228 24 093 24 879 25 612 26 313 Australia (13) ......................................... 3 532 3 718 3 895 4 065 4 229 4 381 4 512 4 622 4 715 4 792 New Zealand ..........................................

1 465 1 622 1 821 2 081 2 431 2 851 3 317 3 824 4 370 4 954 MELANESIA 421 456 490 522 557 591 621 647 666 678 Fiji ......................................................... 149 166 182 199 216 233 249 264 278 291 New Caledonia ....................................... 764 840 952 1 119 1 362 1 669 2 020 2 411 2 844 3 319 Papua New Guinea ................................ 80 98 121 149 183 223 267 316 368 423 Solomon Islands .................................... 51 62 76 93 113 135 160 186 214 243 Vanuatu .................................................

360 391 422 455 490 524 558 589 618 645 MICRONESIA 157 168 178 188 198 208 215 221 226 231 Guam .................................................... 40 44 48 54 61 68 76 83 91 98 Kiribati ................................................... 40 45 51 56 61 65 69 73 76 78 Marshall Islands ..................................... 25 26 27 30 34 39 44 50 55 60 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Nauru ....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 27 39 52 62 Palau ..................................................... 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 13

POLYNESIA 57 74 91 114 143 160 177 198 218 234 251 American Samoa .................................... 12 13 13 16 19 22 24 31 38 45 51 Cook Islands .......................................... 7 8 9 10 11 11 10 9 10 11 10 French Polynesia ................................... 21 26 34 45 61 74 87 100 109 116 124 Niue ....................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pitcairn .................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Samoa ................................................... 11 16 21 24 29 32 33 33 34 36 39 Tokelau ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Tonga .................................................... 6 9 12 16 20 19 20 21 21 22 23 Tuvalu ................................................... 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — — — — — — — — — — —






2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

73 81 88 96 103 111 119 127 135 144 Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 24 24 Palau .....................................................

271 293 318 348 382 418 453 486 516 543 POLYNESIA 58 66 73 79 86 92 97 102 105 109 American Samoa .................................... 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 Cook Islands ..........................................

132 141 152 164 179 194 209 222 235 247 French Polynesia ................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Niue .......................................................— — — — — — — — — — Pitcairn ..................................................

41 45 49 55 63 72 81 89 97 103 Samoa ...................................................— — — — — — — — — — Tokelau .................................................

24 26 28 32 37 43 48 53 59 63 Tonga .................................................... 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 Tuvalu ...................................................— — — — — — — — — — Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.4. Rural population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050


Rural population (thousands)Major area, region and country

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

WORLD 1 798 297 1 915 798 2 035 634 2 181 789 2 366 892 2 557 560 2 710 919 2 867 068 3 020 325 3 161 659 3 270 214

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 386 281 383 960 378 233 370 057 356 504 346 309 338 310 334 836 330 936 326 515 321 274 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 1 412 016 1 531 838 1 657 401 1 811 732 2 010 388 2 211 251 2 372 609 2 532 233 2 689 389 2 835 145 2 948 940 Least developed countries (c) 185 676 202 988 223 851 247 513 274 384 305 417 335 534 372 736 415 143 463 503 510 822 Other less developed countries (d) 1 226 340 1 328 849 1 433 550 1 564 218 1 736 005 1 905 835 2 037 075 2 159 496 2 274 246 2 371 642 2 438 118

Less developed regions, excluding China 929 077 1 008 820 1 104 692 1 210 125 1 323 760 1 444 424 1 569 519 1 710 260 1 855 136 2 001 965 2 133 341


AFRICA 191 673 209 561 229 477 251 485 278 199 309 356 346 110 388 595 433 454 478 810 525 828

EASTERN AFRICA 61 618 68 466 76 641 86 348 97 641 110 274 124 462 141 833 161 895 180 614 203 925 Burundi .................................................. 2 414 2 636 2 881 3 142 3 430 3 562 3 951 4 630 5 335 5 792 6 116 Comoros (1) ........................................... 161 176 188 199 221 250 297 340 380 435 503 Djibouti .................................................. 37 39 42 51 62 74 95 102 137 127 122 Eritrea ................................................... 1 060 1 159 1 285 1 435 1 614 1 831 2 114 2 379 2 659 2 680 3 029 Ethiopia ................................................. 17 586 19 359 21 466 24 108 27 269 30 954 33 272 38 462 44 692 51 913 59 050 Kenya .................................................... 5 737 6 536 7 517 8 705 10 112 11 767 13 725 16 333 19 174 22 187 25 085 Madagascar ........................................... 3 904 4 322 4 800 5 337 5 953 6 614 7 381 8 254 9 198 10 349 11 797 Malawi ................................................... 2 780 3 044 3 374 3 780 4 244 4 872 5 652 6 526 8 354 8 753 9 859 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 349 394 441 475 479 505 557 586 593 638 680 Mozambique .......................................... 6 289 6 766 7 365 8 080 8 902 9 690 10 545 11 093 10 686 11 762 12 610 Réunion ................................................. 190 210 225 241 269 268 236 178 113 92 73 Rwanda ................................................. 2 123 2 434 2 818 3 114 3 655 4 234 4 952 5 829 6 899 5 176 7 050 Seychelles ............................................. 26 30 31 33 32 33 33 34 37 38 40 Somalia ................................................. 1 976 2 147 2 331 2 537 2 784 3 079 4 750 4 653 4 725 4 281 4 709 Uganda .................................................. 5 013 5 690 6 487 7 570 8 813 10 125 11 707 13 446 15 865 18 758 21 707 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 7 383 8 355 9 544 10 974 12 531 14 190 15 962 18 172 20 680 23 759 26 297 Zambia .................................................. 2 135 2 338 2 569 2 793 2 971 3 285 3 579 4 215 4 921 5 824 6 814 Zimbabwe .............................................. 2 454 2 832 3 278 3 774 4 300 4 941 5 655 6 602 7 447 8 050 8 384

MIDDLE AFRICA 22 449 24 251 26 468 28 583 31 025 34 444 38 870 44 028 49 680 56 559 61 416 Angola ................................................... 3 833 4 128 4 489 4 817 5 173 5 509 5 931 6 462 6 621 6 899 7 106 Cameroon .............................................. 4 050 4 340 4 654 5 025 5 450 5 689 6 180 6 705 7 256 7 686 7 953 Central African Republic ......................... 1 125 1 171 1 223 1 288 1 360 1 401 1 540 1 726 1 900 2 166 2 409 Chad ..................................................... 2 320 2 530 2 768 3 030 3 256 3 508 3 745 4 194 4 841 5 584 6 486 Congo ................................................... 606 643 686 740 805 876 940 1 001 1 106 1 217 1 335 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 9 857 10 792 12 005 13 051 14 357 16 902 20 009 23 366 27 385 32 448 35 563 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 191 189 188 198 212 162 153 213 222 234 263 Gabon ................................................... 416 408 401 382 360 340 309 296 283 260 235 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 52 50 54 51 52 56 63 64 65 66 65

NORTHERN AFRICA 40 070 43 303 46 867 50 249 54 730 60 004 66 506 73 643 79 658 85 049 90 004 Algeria ................................................... 6 809 7 175 7 505 7 435 8 316 9 558 10 620 11 498 12 114 12 437 12 260 Egypt ..................................................... 14 863 16 090 17 299 18 723 20 337 22 152 24 519 27 575 31 165 34 683 38 165 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 828 865 980 1 077 1 004 918 916 945 1 059 1 160 1 263 Morocco ................................................ 6 609 7 322 8 213 9 078 10 032 10 779 11 503 12 314 12 803 13 019 13 452 Sudan .................................................... 8 563 9 338 10 210 11 114 12 100 13 598 15 721 17 899 19 030 20 259 21 315 Tunisia ................................................... 2 390 2 500 2 637 2 791 2 898 2 970 3 192 3 383 3 456 3 458 3 497 Western Sahara ..................................... 9 15 23 33 44 29 34 29 31 33 51

SOUTHERN AFRICA 9 721 10 541 11 455 12 820 14 343 16 223 18 224 20 240 21 407 23 020 23 971 Botswana ............................................... 404 462 515 581 646 728 832 860 794 799 809 Lesotho ................................................. 724 773 822 874 944 1 025 1 147 1 299 1 378 1 430 1 509 Namibia ................................................. 420 453 492 541 600 681 744 833 1 025 1 163 1 271 South Africa ........................................... 7 905 8 552 9 286 10 452 11 744 13 335 14 995 16 687 17 544 18 891 19 571 Swaziland .............................................. 268 302 339 372 410 454 506 560 667 738 811

WESTERN AFRICA 57 814 63 001 68 046 73 485 80 460 88 411 98 048 108 851 120 813 133 567 146 512 Benin ..................................................... 1 906 1 985 2 101 2 216 2 356 2 509 2 695 3 041 3 393 3 926 4 457 Burkina Faso ......................................... 3 830 4 062 4 349 4 676 5 136 5 710 6 226 6 758 7 646 8 717 9 911 Cape Verde ........................................... 125 143 164 188 215 218 221 219 199 205 210 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 2 255 2 579 2 928 3 239 3 815 4 468 5 262 6 485 7 701 8 786 9 626 Gambia .................................................. 264 281 316 356 388 431 480 532 594 651 705 Ghana ................................................... 4 433 4 941 5 469 6 052 6 434 7 219 7 840 9 045 9 902 10 707 11 292 Guinea ................................................... 2 443 2 612 2 792 2 993 3 209 3 223 3 494 3 805 4 342 5 165 5 656 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 454 466 478 478 496 547 653 692 731 836 964 Liberia ................................................... 717 780 856 937 1 026 1 117 1 211 1 297 1 170 1 073 1 405


Table A.4. Rural population at mid-year by major area, region and country (continued)



2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

3 350 116 3 411 951 3 450 471 3 457 421 3 426 276 3 352 627 3 245 709 3 114 677 2 962 796 2 792 995 WORLD

315 788 307 755 296 185 281 530 264 250 245 141 225 987 207 659 190 250 173 854 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)3 034 328 3 104 196 3 154 286 3 175 891 3 162 026 3 107 486 3 019 723 2 907 018 2 772 546 2 619 141 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 559 820 609 283 656 500 699 062 734 473 761 186 779 035 787 512 786 216 775 074 Least developed countries (c)



500 102 543 423 585 150 622 842 654 124 678 110 694 789 703 600 704 031 695 989 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

572 618 619 823 664 683 704 299 736 039 758 909 773 287 779 136 776 038 763 963 AFRICA

227 768 253 321 278 807 302 529 322 791 338 994 351 427 359 807 363 693 362 801 EASTERN AFRICA 7 110 8 502 9 794 11 133 12 463 13 822 15 235 16 632 17 878 18 872 Burundi .................................................. 575 648 713 769 812 841 860 867 862 845 Comoros (1) ........................................... 112 104 99 97 97 96 94 92 89 85 Djibouti ..................................................

3 648 4 174 4 664 5 032 5 316 5 533 5 694 5 792 5 805 5 720 Eritrea ................................................... 66 299 73 844 81 402 88 527 94 703 99 568 103 190 105 549 106 572 106 177 Ethiopia ................................................. 28 215 31 630 35 041 37 956 40 224 42 022 43 388 44 213 44 404 43 959 Kenya .................................................... 13 329 14 869 16 322 17 593 18 603 19 302 19 744 19 930 19 854 19 526 Madagascar ........................................... 10 933 12 064 13 192 14 263 15 194 15 916 16 399 16 646 16 665 16 460 Malawi ...................................................

716 741 753 751 732 700 661 619 574 529 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 13 449 13 935 14 232 14 405 14 461 14 409 14 203 13 842 13 349 12 757 Mozambique ..........................................

60 50 44 40 38 37 35 33 31 28 Réunion ................................................. 7 614 8 602 9 654 10 626 11 389 11 943 12 380 12 724 12 920 12 913 Rwanda .................................................

40 39 37 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 Seychelles ............................................. 5 312 5 934 6 522 7 004 7 359 7 617 7 780 7 836 7 791 7 654 Somalia .................................................

25 315 29 514 34 211 39 300 44 298 48 895 53 036 56 640 59 602 61 782 Uganda .................................................. 29 165 32 054 34 838 37 163 38 959 40 185 40 852 40 899 40 310 39 131 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 7 461 8 118 8 721 9 280 9 677 9 880 9 945 9 902 9 759 9 523 Zambia .................................................. 8 413 8 496 8 569 8 556 8 431 8 196 7 898 7 564 7 202 6 814 Zimbabwe ..............................................

67 617 73 947 80 126 85 947 91 377 96 097 99 687 101 883 102 603 101 902 MIDDLE AFRICA 7 411 7 674 7 954 8 208 8 462 8 698 8 841 8 880 8 821 8 673 Angola ................................................... 8 138 8 180 8 150 8 064 7 942 7 802 7 604 7 345 7 030 6 670 Cameroon .............................................. 2 596 2 804 2 992 3 126 3 197 3 205 3 176 3 119 3 033 2 922 Central African Republic ......................... 7 583 8 479 9 329 10 133 10 938 11 633 12 172 12 533 12 713 12 716 Chad ..................................................... 1 438 1 520 1 597 1 652 1 685 1 697 1 693 1 673 1 637 1 588 Congo ...................................................

39 881 44 706 49 495 54 131 58 502 62 401 65 538 67 676 68 720 68 700 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 296 329 362 393 416 432 443 448 449 445 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 212 194 184 179 174 168 161 152 144 135 Gabon ................................................... 64 62 61 61 61 61 60 58 56 53 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................


13 732 14 007 14 163 14 132 13 870 13 376 12 744 12 034 11 279 10 490 Morocco ................................................ 21 857 22 584 23 100 23 415 23 346 22 978 22 321 21 405 20 276 18 983 Sudan .................................................... 3 501 3 489 3 445 3 370 3 261 3 111 2 939 2 754 2 563 2 368 Tunisia ...................................................

85 96 107 116 117 115 112 108 104 99 Western Sahara .....................................

23 987 23 329 22 428 21 463 20 419 19 304 18 131 16 930 15 732 14 563 SOUTHERN AFRICA 783 759 731 702 673 644 612 579 546 512 Botswana ...............................................

1 520 1 495 1 461 1 416 1 360 1 298 1 228 1 152 1 071 988 Lesotho ................................................. 1 311 1 338 1 348 1 349 1 333 1 299 1 249 1 190 1 124 1 054 Namibia .................................................

19 519 18 873 18 026 17 146 16 227 15 267 14 278 13 280 12 298 11 355 South Africa ........................................... 853 865 862 849 825 796 764 729 693 654 Swaziland ..............................................

158 873 170 242 180 689 189 488 196 190 200 736 203 223 203 574 201 727 197 740 WESTERN AFRICA 5 093 5 722 6 294 6 793 7 175 7 437 7 605 7 677 7 650 7 527 Benin .....................................................

11 379 12 811 14 247 15 609 16 830 17 865 18 662 19 188 19 424 19 366 Burkina Faso ......................................... 216 221 223 225 224 222 218 211 202 192 Cape Verde ...........................................

9 880 10 157 10 407 10 544 10 557 10 456 10 254 9 961 9 586 9 139 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 746 772 791 804 808 803 788 764 732 695 Gambia ..................................................

11 772 12 079 12 272 12 337 12 280 12 090 11 772 11 341 10 812 10 203 Ghana ................................................... 6 032 6 482 7 079 7 594 7 999 8 304 8 501 8 587 8 559 8 420 Guinea ................................................... 1 124 1 297 1 489 1 688 1 883 2 062 2 222 2 353 2 451 2 516 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 1 442 1 659 1 772 1 877 1 972 2 051 2 110 2 139 2 138 2 109 Liberia ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Mali ....................................................... 3 047 3 302 3 571 3 852 4 169 4 562 4 947 5 366 5 880 6 507 7 217 Mauritania .............................................. 671 751 831 909 983 1 044 1 091 1 115 1 174 1 339 1 540 Niger ..................................................... 2 101 2 473 2 876 3 345 3 846 4 378 5 006 5 734 6 620 7 822 9 323 Nigeria ................................................... 30 492 33 212 35 511 38 037 41 556 45 546 50 753 55 619 61 129 66 638 71 725 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 Senegal ................................................. 2 105 2 293 2 523 2 781 3 081 3 394 3 771 4 244 4 820 5 451 6 134 Sierra Leone .......................................... 1 698 1 775 1 864 1 961 2 066 2 157 2 294 2 451 2 741 2 726 2 916 Togo ...................................................... 1 271 1 343 1 413 1 462 1 683 1 885 2 098 2 444 2 768 3 015 3 429

ASIA 1 174 062 1 269 082 1 366 145 1 490 441 1 654 060 1 819 939 1 941 992 2 057 045 2 166 232 2 264 805 2 332 152

EASTERN ASIA 559 578 600 940 631 501 680 336 761 596 841 015 875 047 892 757 900 394 897 253 879 530 China (4) ............................................... 482 641 522 642 552 246 601 097 686 138 766 369 802 657 821 584 834 224 833 179 815 599 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 292 369 455 501 484 453 429 386 28 — — China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 6 7 8 8 8 5 4 2 1 0 — Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 6 718 6 216 6 547 6 767 6 525 6 959 7 430 7 930 8 383 8 874 9 137 Japan .................................................... 54 480 54 887 53 554 52 029 48 823 48 151 47 230 47 664 45 593 44 374 44 187 Mongolia ................................................ 609 623 617 633 690 743 797 858 952 1 032 1 072 Republic of Korea .................................. 14 832 16 197 18 075 19 300 18 929 18 334 16 500 14 333 11 213 9 794 9 533

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 427 348 464 207 509 805 561 228 618 481 679 164 743 222 820 669 904 721 991 331 1 069 560 Afghanistan ............................................ 7 679 8 205 8 848 9 619 10 534 11 559 11 759 10 242 10 341 14 649 16 324 Bangladesh ............................................ 41 975 46 146 51 468 57 661 64 516 71 224 75 659 82 943 90 652 98 899 106 541 Bhutan ................................................... 165 191 216 244 280 330 380 418 458 403 417 India ...................................................... 308 484 334 228 366 042 401 094 440 766 482 841 529 529 583 367 640 437 700 508 756 797 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 12 254 13 257 14 382 15 661 16 934 18 090 19 785 22 565 24 749 24 733 23 673 Kazakhstan ............................................ 4 266 4 761 5 578 6 306 6 524 6 706 6 842 6 942 7 229 7 017 6 538 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 1 279 1 321 1 430 1 651 1 854 2 039 2 226 2 473 2 734 2 923 3 196 Maldives ................................................ 73 80 87 96 107 114 123 137 160 184 197 Nepal ..................................................... 8 412 9 027 9 719 10 590 11 675 12 893 14 235 15 747 17 422 19 310 21 140 Pakistan ................................................ 30 471 33 020 36 034 40 024 44 783 50 304 56 988 67 127 78 443 87 090 96 476 Sri Lanka ............................................... 6 214 7 126 8 104 9 032 9 933 11 008 12 135 13 133 14 170 15 108 15 774 Tajikistan ............................................... 1 082 1 226 1 392 1 629 1 857 2 219 2 597 3 049 3 624 4 105 4 537 Turkmenistan ......................................... 667 736 854 999 1 143 1 322 1 514 1 745 2 015 2 294 2 438 Uzbekistan ............................................. 4 330 4 884 5 650 6 622 7 577 8 516 9 448 10 783 12 286 14 109 15 512

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 150 636 164 326 181 899 202 762 225 260 247 779 267 531 285 823 301 219 311 308 313 314 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 35 41 46 49 50 61 77 84 88 93 96 Cambodia .............................................. 3 903 4 344 4 875 5 476 5 830 6 785 6 142 7 085 8 476 9 781 10 619 Indonesia ............................................... 69 675 74 815 81 939 90 265 99 956 109 231 117 706 123 691 126 924 127 222 122 774 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 1 414 1 614 1 828 2 064 2 305 2 585 2 719 3 027 3 447 3 877 4 076 Malaysia ................................................ 4 866 5 361 5 975 6 660 7 222 7 642 7 977 8 482 9 089 9 126 8 849 Myanmar ............................................... 14 385 15 592 17 016 18 566 20 360 22 700 25 289 27 883 30 161 31 865 33 024 Philippines ............................................. 14 570 16 557 18 857 21 590 24 497 27 077 30 064 30 938 31 363 31 534 31 592 Singapore .............................................. 6 — — — — — — — — — — Thailand ................................................. 17 211 19 471 22 212 25 763 29 466 32 159 34 268 36 542 38 317 40 107 41 772 Timor-Leste ........................................... 390 415 449 486 527 574 486 537 586 659 620 Viet Nam ................................................ 24 181 26 117 28 702 31 843 35 048 38 964 42 803 47 554 52 769 57 045 59 891

WESTERN ASIA 36 500 39 609 42 941 46 115 48 723 51 982 56 192 57 796 59 899 64 913 69 748 Armenia ................................................. 777 830 910 978 1 011 1 028 1 052 1 100 1 153 1 088 1 076 Azerbaijan .............................................. 1 666 1 818 2 036 2 342 2 586 2 737 2 909 3 102 3 335 3 724 3 974 Bahrain .................................................. 41 33 28 33 36 41 48 53 58 67 76 Cyprus ................................................... 354 359 369 360 364 321 253 229 226 234 247 Georgia ................................................. 2 211 2 311 2 398 2 466 2 472 2 476 2 453 2 440 2 454 2 322 2 234 Iraq ........................................................ 3 465 3 907 4 187 4 238 4 434 4 624 4 859 5 087 5 609 6 754 8 059 Israel ..................................................... 365 507 489 488 458 449 430 417 435 491 521 Jordan ................................................... 298 378 440 506 715 820 891 913 904 938 1 043 Kuwait ................................................... 59 61 70 98 107 107 72 36 43 33 40 Lebanon ................................................ 981 1 028 1 089 1 072 990 904 733 595 502 530 528 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 630 619 616 613 501 507 554 621 692 774 898 Oman .................................................... 417 445 473 499 525 567 623 656 625 615 683 Qatar ..................................................... 5 6 7 9 13 19 24 36 36 31 31 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 2 519 2 660 2 801 2 935 2 949 3 020 3 279 3 519 3 807 3 893 4 193 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 2 453 2 649 2 922 3 239 3 610 4 141 4 781 5 636 6 496 7 297 7 987 Turkey ................................................... 16 162 17 583 19 335 21 045 22 364 24 073 26 039 24 798 23 395 23 763 24 032 United Arab Emirates ............................. 32 28 24 35 50 108 196 285 391 526 720 Yemen ................................................... 4 066 4 388 4 747 5 159 5 541 6 040 6 996 8 274 9 736 11 835 13 406





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

8 074 9 003 9 939 10 827 11 603 12 228 12 672 12 931 13 006 12 898 Mali ....................................................... 1 766 1 969 2 138 2 265 2 345 2 387 2 402 2 386 2 340 2 267 Mauritania ..............................................

11 103 13 158 15 465 18 014 20 746 23 541 26 348 29 030 31 437 33 459 Niger ..................................................... 76 086 79 468 81 948 83 328 83 495 82 609 80 813 78 212 74 893 70 970 Nigeria ...................................................

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 6 880 7 601 8 222 8 698 9 007 9 152 9 191 9 123 8 944 8 661 Senegal ................................................. 3 529 3 810 4 130 4 429 4 690 4 890 5 030 5 108 5 123 5 079 Sierra Leone .......................................... 3 746 4 028 4 267 4 451 4 574 4 636 4 632 4 561 4 426 4 237 Togo ......................................................

2 372 911 2 396 692 2 402 296 2 384 338 2 338 712 2 261 808 2 161 176 2 045 090 1 916 987 1 779 575 ASIA

845 236 805 395 763 576 719 948 674 640 625 258 571 799 517 160 463 509 412 062 EASTERN ASIA 782 320 744 282 705 126 664 920 623 572 578 529 529 452 479 018 429 327 381 552 China (4) ...............................................

— — — — — — — — — — China, Hong Kong SAR (5) .....................— — — — — — — — — — China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................

9 069 8 797 8 429 7 989 7 531 7 030 6 486 5 934 5 402 4 900 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 43 533 42 373 40 525 38 069 35 154 31 948 28 762 25 764 22 978 20 426 Japan .................................................... 1 117 1 152 1 178 1 177 1 146 1 100 1 046 987 923 855 Mongolia ................................................ 9 197 8 792 8 318 7 793 7 236 6 651 6 053 5 457 4 879 4 330 Republic of Korea ..................................

1 141 753 1 205 392 1 255 641 1 287 058 1 295 175 1 279 766 1 247 935 1 204 445 1 149 925 1 085 334 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 19 327 22 857 25 999 28 830 31 562 33 958 35 922 37 364 38 243 38 537 Afghanistan ............................................


808 840 853 324 886 923 906 638 909 444 894 341 867 347 832 814 791 239 743 382 India ...................................................... 22 954 22 656 22 333 21 868 21 097 20 183 19 213 18 198 17 102 15 906 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 6 525 6 539 6 473 6 308 6 035 5 685 5 307 4 936 4 563 4 178 Kazakhstan ............................................ 3 341 3 482 3 580 3 606 3 547 3 415 3 256 3 074 2 870 2 647 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 195 192 188 183 177 170 163 154 145 134 Maldives ................................................

22 824 24 451 25 964 27 286 28 304 28 966 29 260 29 178 28 709 27 847 Nepal ..................................................... 102 945 109 158 115 061 119 245 120 913 120 624 118 838 115 824 111 604 106 187 Pakistan ................................................ 16 226 16 614 16 826 16 810 16 498 15 917 15 176 14 314 13 367 12 357 Sri Lanka ............................................... 4 821 5 188 5 597 5 938 6 155 6 215 6 160 6 020 5 819 5 567 Tajikistan ............................................... 2 547 2 607 2 643 2 639 2 583 2 480 2 359 2 225 2 080 1 926 Turkmenistan .........................................

16 838 18 022 18 989 19 488 19 402 18 955 18 354 17 599 16 683 15 623 Uzbekistan .............................................



4 113 4 124 4 095 4 030 3 937 3 821 3 657 3 448 3 217 2 970 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 8 308 7 770 7 287 6 889 6 582 6 276 5 938 5 578 5 201 4 815 Malaysia ................................................

33 267 33 077 32 568 31 754 30 654 29 254 27 591 25 725 23 720 21 640 Myanmar ............................................... 31 534 31 270 30 777 30 153 29 460 28 528 27 314 25 855 24 282 22 633 Philippines .............................................

— — — — — — — — — — Singapore .............................................. 42 651 43 007 42 626 41 534 39 739 37 536 35 085 32 456 29 724 26 980 Thailand .................................................

789 914 1 045 1 168 1 280 1 373 1 447 1 504 1 543 1 561 Timor-Leste ........................................... 62 574 64 655 66 009 66 426 65 852 64 306 62 017 59 069 55 550 51 577 Viet Nam ................................................

74 148 78 269 81 904 84 510 85 782 85 647 84 546 82 717 80 247 77 148 WESTERN ASIA 1 084 1 084 1 069 1 029 961 878 796 718 644 572 Armenia ................................................. 4 048 4 145 4 199 4 178 4 055 3 835 3 575 3 308 3 039 2 768 Azerbaijan ..............................................

84 90 95 97 97 96 94 92 89 85 Bahrain .................................................. 257 262 265 264 258 249 239 228 217 206 Cyprus ...................................................

2 126 2 024 1 928 1 807 1 673 1 516 1 355 1 201 1 056 923 Georgia ................................................. 9 267 10 313 11 702 12 823 13 594 13 987 14 148 14 152 14 024 13 777 Iraq ........................................................ 561 602 630 643 644 637 626 611 593 571 Israel .....................................................

1 203 1 386 1 452 1 510 1 544 1 542 1 520 1 484 1 437 1 380 Jordan ................................................... 46 49 52 53 54 55 55 55 54 53 Kuwait ...................................................

537 539 535 525 510 491 469 445 421 395 Lebanon ................................................ 1 069 1 232 1 380 1 505 1 600 1 668 1 715 1 744 1 753 1 745 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 715 783 844 890 914 914 901 881 854 822 Oman .................................................... 36 37 37 37 36 36 35 34 33 32 Qatar .....................................................

4 492 4 735 4 930 5 067 5 137 5 135 5 074 4 960 4 811 4 639 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 8 845 9 674 10 159 10 494 10 629 10 549 10 321 9 995 9 593 9 112 Syrian Arab Republic .............................

23 872 23 584 23 094 22 412 21 576 20 594 19 502 18 326 17 093 15 826 Turkey ................................................... 915 1 039 1 115 1 157 1 176 1 186 1 187 1 180 1 164 1 137 United Arab Emirates .............................

14 991 16 691 18 418 20 019 21 323 22 281 22 934 23 304 23 373 23 107 Yemen ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

EUROPE 267 439 265 027 260 800 254 151 244 508 232 043 221 856 216 245 212 604 211 072 208 231

EASTERN EUROPE 132 621 131 784 129 520 125 503 119 775 112 465 106 701 102 427 99 463 98 748 96 795 Belarus .................................................. 5 713 5 552 5 536 5 325 5 061 4 626 4 202 3 816 3 490 3 293 3 023 Bulgaria ................................................. 5 251 5 083 4 948 4 450 4 050 3 701 3 359 3 173 2 965 2 694 2 492 Czech Republic ...................................... 4 089 4 006 3 861 3 688 3 489 3 019 2 554 2 540 2 553 2 614 2 659 Hungary ................................................. 4 387 4 477 4 402 4 262 4 123 3 978 3 834 3 693 3 541 3 594 3 618 Moldova ................................................. 1 955 2 109 2 300 2 416 2 442 2 448 2 390 2 362 2 336 2 352 2 297 Poland ................................................... 15 307 15 497 15 444 15 683 15 638 15 212 14 910 14 902 14 760 14 862 14 714 Romania ................................................ 12 131 12 132 12 110 11 857 12 087 12 146 11 973 11 444 10 857 10 440 10 296 Russian Federation ................................ 57 307 56 826 55 397 52 699 48 844 44 394 41 902 40 167 39 541 39 709 39 288 Slovakia ................................................. 2 424 2 594 2 758 2 746 2 669 2 545 2 407 2 356 2 287 2 331 2 357 Ukraine .................................................. 24 057 23 509 22 764 22 376 21 373 20 396 19 170 17 974 17 132 16 860 16 051

NORTHERN EUROPE 24 113 24 021 23 973 23 817 23 471 19 753 16 451 16 019 15 983 15 808 15 644 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 60 64 67 72 78 84 88 92 97 100 102 Denmark ................................................ 1 367 1 349 1 205 1 092 999 903 834 800 779 785 795 Estonia .................................................. 554 538 516 499 478 464 446 446 452 432 419 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 26 26 27 27 28 28 30 32 33 30 30 Finland (9) ............................................. 2 729 2 753 2 743 2 559 2 291 1 967 1 920 1 970 1 924 1 973 2 012 Iceland .................................................. 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 24 22 22 Ireland ................................................... 1 779 1 644 1 535 1 475 1 426 1 473 1 519 1 547 1 515 1 519 1 554 Isle of Man ............................................. 26 24 22 22 25 29 31 31 34 35 37 Latvia .................................................... 1 044 1 017 1 000 978 927 880 826 811 819 778 760 Lithuania ................................................ 1 828 1 734 1 682 1 651 1 584 1 463 1 326 1 239 1 199 1 188 1 156 Norway (10) ........................................... 1 618 1 706 1 793 1 580 1 342 1 275 1 203 1 191 1 189 1 144 1 074 Sweden ................................................. 2 404 2 232 2 058 1 775 1 525 1 415 1 406 1 411 1 446 1 428 1 417 United Kingdom ..................................... 10 639 10 898 11 289 12 054 12 738 9 743 6 795 6 423 6 472 6 374 6 268

SOUTHERN EUROPE 59 745 59 304 58 520 56 665 53 965 52 969 52 188 51 834 51 469 50 839 50 476 Albania .................................................. 966 1 009 1 116 1 286 1 458 1 615 1 769 1 920 2 091 1 924 1 794 Andorra ................................................. 4 5 6 5 5 4 3 2 3 4 5 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 2 298 2 468 2 575 2 621 2 595 2 575 2 523 2 572 2 617 2 016 2 150 Croatia .................................................. 2 992 2 934 2 825 2 680 2 493 2 339 2 186 2 133 2 076 2 106 2 001 Gibraltar ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — — Greece .................................................. 4 741 4 775 4 759 4 487 4 176 4 043 4 076 4 129 4 182 4 338 4 419 Holy See (11) ......................................... — — — — — — — — — — — Italy ....................................................... 21 619 20 983 20 401 19 885 19 229 19 048 18 826 18 774 18 873 18 954 18 910 Malta ..................................................... 35 32 31 31 31 31 33 35 35 34 30 Montenegro ........................................... 348 362 379 392 379 375 364 332 305 291 278 Portugal ................................................. 5 783 5 772 5 761 5 681 5 312 5 385 5 588 5 476 5 200 4 904 4 664 San Marino ............................................ 7 7 8 8 8 6 4 3 2 2 2 Serbia .................................................... 5 365 5 455 5 379 5 191 4 925 4 855 4 818 4 790 4 747 5 007 4 952 Slovenia ................................................. 1 180 1 168 1 134 1 101 1 052 1 004 952 950 956 970 977 Spain ..................................................... 13 467 13 366 13 228 12 413 11 472 10 860 10 212 9 907 9 576 9 510 9 550 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 942 969 918 884 830 828 835 810 806 779 745

WESTERN EUROPE 50 960 49 917 48 787 48 167 47 297 46 857 46 517 45 965 45 690 45 677 45 316 Austria ................................................... 2 525 2 490 2 487 2 544 2 594 2 627 2 613 2 610 2 646 2 752 2 774 Belgium ................................................. 736 711 690 649 593 540 454 400 360 325 294 France ................................................... 18 726 18 169 17 415 16 055 14 696 14 268 14 396 14 567 14 719 14 602 14 349 Germany ................................................ 21 818 21 315 20 837 21 304 21 673 21 588 21 260 21 199 21 353 21 815 22 168 Liechtenstein ......................................... 11 12 13 15 17 19 21 22 24 26 28 Luxembourg ........................................... 97 96 96 93 87 81 73 71 73 70 71 Monaco ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Netherlands ........................................... 4 436 4 518 4 623 4 825 4 999 5 032 4 989 4 823 4 682 4 203 3 694 Switzerland ............................................ 2 611 2 607 2 626 2 681 2 637 2 702 2 712 2 274 1 833 1 885 1 938


CARIBBEAN 10 825 11 606 12 442 13 237 13 847 14 191 14 409 14 852 15 131 15 007 14 830 Anguilla ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — — Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 32 34 33 39 46 50 47 44 40 45 52 Aruba .................................................... 19 21 24 27 28 29 30 32 32 43 48 Bahamas ............................................... 38 38 43 52 56 57 57 54 51 53 54 Barbados ............................................... 135 145 146 148 149 151 150 166 183 183 182 British Virgin Islands ............................... 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 Cayman Islands ..................................... — — — — — — — — — — — Cuba ..................................................... 2 575 2 782 2 971 3 233 3 461 3 374 3 133 2 932 2 825 2 812 2 719





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

205 256 200 230 192 458 182 308 170 119 156 621 143 227 130 563 118 635 107 458 EUROPE

94 541 91 803 87 856 82 714 76 466 69 421 62 445 55 974 49 992 44 478 EASTERN EUROPE 2 728 2 453 2 203 1 974 1 765 1 574 1 400 1 240 1 093 959 Belarus .................................................. 2 306 2 115 1 921 1 729 1 540 1 359 1 195 1 046 912 792 Bulgaria ................................................. 2 699 2 692 2 628 2 508 2 335 2 143 1 957 1 782 1 619 1 468 Czech Republic ...................................... 3 399 3 149 2 905 2 667 2 437 2 214 2 002 1 806 1 627 1 465 Hungary ................................................. 2 225 2 178 2 153 2 089 1 977 1 821 1 654 1 493 1 340 1 195 Moldova .................................................

14 722 14 725 14 479 13 939 13 101 12 003 10 834 9 714 8 663 7 686 Poland ................................................... 10 022 9 591 9 039 8 422 7 711 6 954 6 228 5 540 4 896 4 295 Romania ................................................ 38 968 38 165 36 712 34 666 32 132 29 230 26 380 23 777 21 381 19 178 Russian Federation ................................ 2 359 2 332 2 265 2 158 2 009 1 841 1 674 1 512 1 358 1 213 Slovakia .................................................

15 112 14 404 13 550 12 563 11 460 10 282 9 122 8 065 7 103 6 227 Ukraine ..................................................

15 525 15 303 14 924 14 418 13 779 13 040 12 263 11 499 10 763 10 057 NORTHERN EUROPE 103 103 102 100 96 92 87 80 74 67 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 766 701 643 593 550 514 479 444 411 381 Denmark ................................................ 411 403 390 372 348 321 293 267 243 221 Estonia .................................................. 29 29 28 27 26 25 23 22 20 19 Faeroe Islands .......................................

1 974 1 920 1 849 1 761 1 659 1 542 1 423 1 308 1 199 1 098 Finland (9) ............................................. 23 24 24 24 24 23 22 21 20 19 Iceland ..................................................


737 714 683 645 597 544 490 441 397 357 Latvia .................................................... 1 143 1 096 1 044 982 909 832 751 676 606 542 Lithuania ................................................ 1 053 1 071 1 075 1 065 1 040 1 001 954 905 855 806 Norway (10) ........................................... 1 417 1 416 1 399 1 371 1 329 1 268 1 201 1 134 1 072 1 013 Sweden ................................................. 6 193 6 066 5 900 5 696 5 453 5 188 4 918 4 652 4 395 4 147 United Kingdom .....................................

50 573 49 742 47 972 45 466 42 434 39 203 36 090 33 115 30 260 27 520 SOUTHERN EUROPE 1 741 1 689 1 635 1 566 1 482 1 385 1 280 1 174 1 067 962 Albania ..................................................

7 9 10 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 Andorra ................................................. 2 124 2 025 1 878 1 719 1 558 1 401 1 248 1 104 968 843 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 1 982 1 915 1 806 1 680 1 538 1 394 1 256 1 127 1 007 897 Croatia ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Gibraltar ................................................ 4 400 4 327 4 184 3 974 3 710 3 432 3 165 2 908 2 662 2 425 Greece ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Holy See (11) ......................................... 18 995 18 677 18 013 17 043 15 874 14 638 13 465 12 351 11 285 10 270 Italy .......................................................



4 785 4 726 4 602 4 407 4 145 3 848 3 557 3 275 3 003 2 739 Serbia .................................................... 1 009 1 041 1 048 1 028 983 915 840 766 694 624 Slovenia .................................................

10 103 10 196 9 989 9 584 9 039 8 440 7 870 7 330 6 803 6 278 Spain ..................................................... 703 656 607 557 508 459 412 367 325 286 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

44 617 43 381 41 706 39 711 37 439 34 958 32 429 29 974 27 620 25 404 WESTERN EUROPE 2 778 2 739 2 655 2 547 2 418 2 267 2 103 1 943 1 789 1 642 Austria ................................................... 283 270 257 244 231 218 206 193 181 169 Belgium .................................................

14 209 13 891 13 409 12 805 12 110 11 409 10 713 10 020 9 334 8 667 France ................................................... 22 023 21 539 20 771 19 775 18 569 17 185 15 772 14 427 13 164 11 996 Germany ................................................

30 31 32 33 34 34 34 33 32 31 Liechtenstein ......................................... 78 86 91 95 96 96 95 93 91 89 Luxembourg ...........................................

— — — — — — — — — — Monaco ................................................. 3 233 2 828 2 508 2 268 2 099 1 956 1 815 1 675 1 538 1 410 Netherlands ........................................... 1 983 1 996 1 982 1 944 1 882 1 793 1 692 1 590 1 491 1 398 Switzerland ............................................


14 453 14 013 13 523 12 995 12 436 11 830 11 139 10 389 9 600 8 789 CARIBBEAN— — — — — — — — — — Anguilla .................................................

58 61 64 65 65 64 62 60 57 53 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 55 55 55 54 53 51 48 45 41 37 Aruba .................................................... 55 55 54 53 52 50 48 46 43 41 Bahamas ...............................................

180 176 170 162 152 140 128 115 103 91 Barbados ............................................... 13 14 14 14 14 13 13 12 11 10 British Virgin Islands ...............................

— — — — — — — — — — Cayman Islands ..................................... 2 747 2 732 2 679 2 591 2 468 2 298 2 107 1 915 1 726 1 543 Cuba .....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Dominica ............................................... 38 43 43 39 34 30 27 24 22 21 20 Dominican Republic ............................... 1 851 2 073 2 337 2 566 2 748 2 859 2 891 3 048 3 266 3 383 3 285 Grenada ................................................ 53 56 63 65 64 62 60 67 65 67 69 Guadeloupe ........................................... 10 11 12 15 16 13 7 5 5 6 7 Haiti ....................................................... 2 829 3 031 3 266 3 524 3 782 4 094 4 522 4 902 5 083 5 282 5 521 Jamaica ................................................. 1 065 1 099 1 079 1 099 1 095 1 126 1 136 1 185 1 198 1 227 1 248 Martinique .............................................. 149 163 169 156 127 95 66 28 9 9 8 Montserrat ............................................. 11 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 4 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 24 32 41 40 38 35 33 30 27 23 18 Puerto Rico ............................................ 1 318 1 295 1 309 1 252 1 132 1 094 1 058 1 042 982 476 205 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 34 35 37 34 30 29 28 27 27 29 31 Saint Lucia ............................................. 67 69 71 75 79 82 87 91 97 103 110 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 58 63 70 69 66 70 73 69 65 64 64 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 500 582 697 768 856 897 964 1 066 1 119 1 148 1 160 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 United States Virgin Islands .................... 11 13 14 18 19 21 20 16 13 10 8

CENTRAL AMERICA 22 795 24 894 27 289 29 694 32 138 34 639 36 662 38 271 39 470 40 837 42 457 Belize .................................................... 31 36 43 51 60 67 73 84 98 112 128 Costa Rica ............................................. 642 746 876 1 015 1 114 1 203 1 335 1 468 1 517 1 536 1 611 El Salvador ............................................ 1 238 1 392 1 590 1 840 2 180 2 410 2 565 2 545 2 594 2 593 2 577 Guatemala ............................................. 2 358 2 606 2 852 3 127 3 493 3 926 4 390 4 828 5 245 5 691 6 162 Honduras ............................................... 1 226 1 375 1 548 1 748 1 913 2 109 2 366 2 635 2 922 3 214 3 447 Mexico ................................................... 15 908 17 197 18 654 20 013 21 321 22 610 23 335 23 854 24 009 24 455 25 210 Nicaragua .............................................. 839 941 1 066 1 175 1 269 1 436 1 630 1 815 1 974 2 167 2 312 Panama ................................................. 552 601 662 724 789 878 966 1 042 1 112 1 069 1 009

SOUTH AMERICA 64 690 68 959 72 762 75 806 77 641 77 668 76 707 76 712 75 818 74 558 71 662 Argentina ............................................... 5 945 5 748 5 440 5 266 5 061 4 957 4 808 4 534 4 241 3 952 3 643 Bolivia .................................................... 1 795 1 945 2 119 2 314 2 536 2 793 2 921 2 951 2 962 3 038 3 174 Brazil ..................................................... 34 457 37 438 40 061 41 886 42 468 41 371 39 640 39 106 37 671 35 930 32 756 Chile ...................................................... 2 529 2 485 2 458 2 447 2 371 2 251 2 096 2 103 2 205 2 250 2 166 Colombia ............................................... 8 459 8 905 9 257 9 577 10 166 10 490 10 741 10 866 11 063 11 280 11 640 Ecuador ................................................. 2 429 2 665 2 935 3 259 3 625 3 981 4 223 4 439 4 613 4 813 4 885 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 French Guiana ....................................... 12 12 12 14 16 17 20 24 30 35 41 Guyana .................................................. 304 347 404 457 501 514 529 528 515 524 524 Paraguay ............................................... 964 1 087 1 228 1 388 1 563 1 711 1 865 2 037 2 179 2 297 2 389 Peru ...................................................... 4 503 4 866 5 282 5 519 5 619 5 843 6 137 6 469 6 768 7 094 7 522 Suriname ............................................... 114 132 153 176 201 184 160 139 128 124 122 Uruguay ................................................. 494 496 501 503 495 470 426 385 342 304 287 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 2 684 2 831 2 909 2 999 3 018 3 084 3 141 3 130 3 101 2 917 2 511

NORTHERN AMERICA 61 948 61 585 61 411 61 418 60 765 63 665 66 623 68 118 69 754 68 019 65 847 Bermuda ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — — Canada .................................................. 5 365 5 397 5 541 5 334 5 287 5 644 5 966 6 111 6 487 6 542 6 298 Greenland .............................................. 12 12 14 13 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 United States of America ........................ 56 571 56 175 55 856 56 070 55 464 58 008 60 643 61 995 63 255 61 466 59 538

OCEANIA 4 866 5 085 5 306 5 556 5 734 6 060 6 559 7 230 7 861 8 551 9 207

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 2 414 2 463 2 467 2 458 2 408 2 449 2 600 2 808 2 984 3 050 3 009 Australia (13) ......................................... 1 890 1 899 1 898 1 903 1 876 1 918 2 084 2 278 2 464 2 511 2 457 New Zealand .......................................... 524 563 569 555 533 531 516 530 520 539 552

MELANESIA 2 165 2 313 2 498 2 721 2 916 3 209 3 541 3 975 4 395 4 987 5 666 Fiji ......................................................... 219 246 277 313 339 364 394 436 422 419 414 New Caledonia ....................................... 49 47 49 51 51 58 61 64 69 77 82 Papua New Guinea ................................ 1 768 1 874 2 003 2 164 2 304 2 524 2 782 3 128 3 512 4 046 4 671 Solomon Islands .................................... 86 98 111 127 146 175 205 238 271 309 350 Vanuatu ................................................. 44 50 57 66 75 87 100 110 121 137 149

MICRONESIA 101 107 114 123 130 114 117 137 156 169 171 Guam .................................................... 35 34 34 34 33 16 7 9 12 12 11 Kiribati ................................................... 23 25 28 30 33 34 37 42 47 49 48 Marshall Islands ..................................... 10 10 9 10 9 10 13 15 17 17 16 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 26 30 35 40 46 47 54 63 71 80 83 Nauru .................................................... — — — — — — — — — — —





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Dominica ............................................... 3 148 3 010 2 877 2 756 2 648 2 539 2 408 2 263 2 108 1 948 Dominican Republic ...............................

73 73 72 70 68 64 59 54 49 43 Grenada ................................................ 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 Guadeloupe ...........................................

5 322 5 072 4 809 4 557 4 339 4 161 3 964 3 739 3 492 3 228 Haiti ....................................................... 1 270 1 275 1 261 1 229 1 175 1 102 1 021 935 848 761 Jamaica .................................................

8 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 Martinique .............................................. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Montserrat .............................................

15 14 12 11 10 9 8 8 7 6 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 93 49 31 23 20 19 17 15 14 13 Puerto Rico ............................................ 33 35 37 38 38 37 36 35 33 31 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................

117 123 128 130 131 129 125 120 114 107 Saint Lucia ............................................. 64 64 62 59 56 51 46 42 37 32 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........

1 162 1 161 1 156 1 141 1 110 1 068 1 015 955 889 818 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 United States Virgin Islands ....................


1 657 1 664 1 652 1 621 1 576 1 518 1 448 1 368 1 281 1 190 Costa Rica ............................................. 2 683 2 764 2 808 2 825 2 799 2 730 2 632 2 514 2 378 2 229 El Salvador ............................................ 6 712 7 267 7 795 8 198 8 448 8 538 8 500 8 345 8 087 7 741 Guatemala ............................................. 3 657 3 854 4 021 4 119 4 138 4 083 3 973 3 815 3 627 3 418 Honduras ...............................................

24 702 24 454 23 978 23 294 22 437 21 436 20 304 19 060 17 735 16 362 Mexico ................................................... 2 407 2 489 2 572 2 611 2 598 2 534 2 439 2 321 2 185 2 034 Nicaragua .............................................. 944 884 833 794 766 736 701 662 619 575 Panama .................................................


29 462 26 805 24 692 23 095 21 983 20 988 19 892 18 739 17 547 16 335 Brazil ..................................................... 2 015 1 884 1 774 1 681 1 604 1 532 1 453 1 369 1 282 1 195 Chile ......................................................

11 874 11 939 11 875 11 689 11 384 10 967 10 464 9 901 9 298 8 673 Colombia ............................................... 4 753 4 553 4 391 4 223 4 048 3 866 3 659 3 432 3 191 2 944 Ecuador .................................................

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 47 51 55 57 59 59 59 59 58 56 French Guiana .......................................

531 523 505 482 453 416 373 326 278 233 Guyana .................................................. 2 452 2 488 2 498 2 482 2 442 2 380 2 297 2 195 2 080 1 955 Paraguay ............................................... 7 881 8 194 8 469 8 596 8 555 8 345 8 033 7 667 7 259 6 826 Peru ...................................................... 118 113 108 101 94 86 79 71 63 55 Suriname ............................................... 267 251 238 226 215 203 192 181 170 159 Uruguay .................................................


64 036 62 258 60 383 58 410 56 315 53 999 51 524 48 967 46 381 43 825 NORTHERN AMERICA— — — — — — — — — — Bermuda ................................................



9 870 10 430 10 903 11 308 11 624 11 835 11 927 11 892 11 744 11 496 OCEANIA

2 963 2 893 2 819 2 743 2 662 2 573 2 473 2 366 2 255 2 145 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 2 398 2 327 2 258 2 192 2 128 2 059 1 982 1 898 1 813 1 728 Australia (13) ......................................... 565 567 562 551 535 514 491 467 442 417 New Zealand ..........................................

6 355 6 966 7 502 7 977 8 375 8 686 8 896 8 994 8 985 8 880 MELANESIA 407 398 384 366 348 327 305 281 256 232 Fiji ......................................................... 85 87 88 88 87 84 81 77 73 69 New Caledonia .......................................

5 306 5 868 6 367 6 818 7 203 7 514 7 738 7 862 7 892 7 836 Papua New Guinea ................................ 392 432 468 498 522 539 550 552 546 532 Solomon Islands .................................... 165 181 195 206 215 220 223 222 218 211 Vanuatu .................................................

178 184 189 193 195 193 188 181 173 163 MICRONESIA 12 12 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 11 Guam .................................................... 52 56 59 61 62 62 61 59 57 54 Kiribati ................................................... 17 18 18 18 18 18 17 16 15 14 Marshall Islands ..................................... 85 87 89 90 91 90 88 84 80 74 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............

— — — — — — — — — — Nauru ....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000


POLYNESIA 185 202 227 255 280 287 301 310 326 346 362 American Samoa .................................... 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 6 Cook Islands .......................................... 8 9 9 9 10 9 8 8 8 7 6 French Polynesia ................................... 40 43 46 48 50 56 64 74 86 100 112 Niue ....................................................... 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 Pitcairn .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samoa ................................................... 72 78 89 102 113 119 122 124 127 132 139 Tokelau ................................................. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Tonga .................................................... 41 48 56 67 78 74 76 72 73 75 75 Tuvalu ................................................... 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... 7 8 9 9 9 9 11 14 14 14 15






2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050



124 132 138 141 140 136 130 124 117 110 French Polynesia ................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Niue ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pitcairn ..................................................

143 147 149 149 148 145 140 132 123 112 Samoa ................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tokelau .................................................

76 76 75 75 74 73 70 67 63 59 Tonga .................................................... 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 Tuvalu ...................................................

15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.5. Total population at mid-year by major area, region and country, 1950-2050



1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

WORLD 2 535 093 2 770 753 3 031 931 3 342 771 3 698 676 4 076 080 4 451 470 4 855 264 5 294 879 5 719 045 6 124 123

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 813 561 864 004 916 095 967 002 1 008 477 1 048 104 1 083 274 1 115 352 1 149 064 1 175 400 1 194 199 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 1 721 532 1 906 749 2 115 836 2 375 768 2 690 199 3 027 977 3 368 196 3 739 912 4 145 815 4 543 645 4 929 924 Least developed countries (c) 200 321 221 417 247 317 278 395 315 868 358 263 405 815 460 974 525 473 601 083 679 447 Other less developed countries (d) 1 521 211 1 685 332 1 868 519 2 097 374 2 374 331 2 669 714 2 962 381 3 278 938 3 620 342 3 942 562 4 250 477

Less developed regions, excluding China 1 164 608 1 295 073 1 455 097 1 642 676 1 855 328 2 095 520 2 364 028 2 667 243 2 990 669 3 323 296 3 652 859


AFRICA 224 202 250 633 282 241 319 574 364 132 416 446 479 786 554 294 637 421 726 334 820 959

EASTERN AFRICA 65 072 73 056 82 759 94 656 109 021 125 888 145 950 169 404 197 244 224 280 257 294 Burundi .................................................. 2 456 2 687 2 940 3 213 3 514 3 680 4 130 4 885 5 692 6 242 6 668 Comoros (1) ........................................... 173 194 215 240 275 318 387 456 527 607 699 Djibouti .................................................. 62 70 85 117 162 224 340 403 561 624 730 Eritrea ................................................... 1 141 1 264 1 424 1 619 1 847 2 115 2 469 2 807 3 158 3 213 3 684 Ethiopia ................................................. 18 434 20 474 22 942 26 087 29 831 34 188 37 138 43 437 51 148 60 293 69 388 Kenya .................................................... 6 077 6 984 8 115 9 524 11 273 13 512 16 282 19 674 23 447 27 380 31 252 Madagascar ........................................... 4 234 4 756 5 371 6 091 6 930 7 906 9 059 10 439 12 033 13 947 16 187 Malawi ................................................... 2 881 3 169 3 529 3 975 4 518 5 276 6 215 7 265 9 446 10 091 11 623 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 493 571 660 753 826 892 966 1 016 1 057 1 125 1 186 Mozambique .......................................... 6 442 6 972 7 646 8 471 9 448 10 613 12 137 13 324 13 544 15 943 18 194 Réunion ................................................. 248 291 335 390 461 483 506 555 604 664 724 Rwanda ................................................. 2 162 2 485 2 887 3 202 3 776 4 410 5 197 6 139 7 294 5 644 8 176 Seychelles ............................................. 36 41 43 50 52 61 66 67 72 76 81 Somalia ................................................. 2 264 2 522 2 819 3 170 3 600 4 133 6 485 6 469 6 717 6 242 7 055 Uganda .................................................. 5 158 5 898 6 787 8 012 9 442 10 892 12 661 14 801 17 841 21 235 24 690 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 7 650 8 740 10 072 11 679 13 598 15 970 18 681 21 833 25 494 29 902 33 849 Zambia .................................................. 2 413 2 735 3 138 3 645 4 265 5 049 5 946 6 985 8 122 9 259 10 451 Zimbabwe .............................................. 2 747 3 203 3 751 4 420 5 203 6 167 7 285 8 851 10 487 11 791 12 656

MIDDLE AFRICA 26 104 28 788 32 172 36 184 41 288 47 273 54 715 63 431 73 632 86 675 97 765 Angola ................................................... 4 148 4 531 5 012 5 505 6 083 6 812 7 834 9 276 10 534 12 317 13 930 Cameroon .............................................. 4 466 4 900 5 408 6 046 6 838 7 825 9 078 10 515 12 239 14 058 15 861 Central African Republic ......................... 1 314 1 412 1 530 1 685 1 871 2 060 2 329 2 678 3 008 3 450 3 864 Chad ..................................................... 2 429 2 677 2 967 3 308 3 682 4 155 4 611 5 227 6 113 7 151 8 465 Congo ................................................... 808 895 1 003 1 143 1 323 1 544 1 802 2 096 2 422 2 793 3 203 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 12 184 13 601 15 451 17 661 20 598 23 976 28 071 32 443 37 942 45 339 50 689 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 226 238 252 269 291 223 213 304 340 382 431 Gabon ................................................... 469 476 486 502 529 597 682 787 918 1 056 1 182 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 60 59 64 65 74 82 95 104 116 128 140

NORTHERN AFRICA 53 302 59 761 67 308 75 942 85 939 97 481 111 364 128 002 143 963 159 423 174 435 Algeria ................................................... 8 753 9 715 10 800 11 923 13 746 16 018 18 811 22 097 25 283 28 265 30 506 Egypt ..................................................... 21 834 24 692 27 840 31 563 35 190 39 174 43 674 49 186 55 137 60 648 66 529 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 1 029 1 126 1 349 1 623 1 994 2 466 3 063 3 850 4 364 4 833 5 346 Morocco ................................................ 8 953 10 132 11 626 13 323 15 310 17 305 19 567 22 299 24 808 26 951 28 827 Sudan .................................................... 9 190 10 215 11 439 12 829 14 495 16 776 19 641 23 056 25 933 29 492 33 349 Tunisia ................................................... 3 530 3 860 4 221 4 630 5 127 5 668 6 458 7 330 8 219 8 975 9 564 Western Sahara ..................................... 14 21 33 51 77 75 150 184 221 259 315

SOUTHERN AFRICA 15 591 17 493 19 732 22 426 25 461 29 093 32 974 37 454 41 828 47 408 51 950 Botswana ............................................... 416 475 532 604 701 826 996 1 174 1 367 1 566 1 729 Lesotho ................................................. 734 788 851 933 1 033 1 149 1 296 1 472 1 601 1 722 1 886 Namibia ................................................. 485 536 599 677 772 892 993 1 131 1 417 1 657 1 879 South Africa ........................................... 13 683 15 385 17 396 19 814 22 502 25 697 29 074 32 961 36 577 41 505 45 398 Swaziland .............................................. 273 309 353 397 454 527 615 716 865 959 1 058

WESTERN AFRICA 64 134 71 536 80 270 90 366 102 423 116 712 134 782 156 005 180 754 208 547 239 515 Benin ..................................................... 2 005 2 130 2 316 2 533 2 828 3 212 3 709 4 394 5 179 6 209 7 227 Burkina Faso ......................................... 3 983 4 242 4 563 4 933 5 449 6 097 6 827 7 709 8 871 10 271 11 882 Cape Verde ........................................... 146 169 196 229 267 278 289 319 355 401 451 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 2 505 2 969 3 557 4 290 5 310 6 592 8 344 10 506 12 780 14 986 17 049 Gambia .................................................. 294 317 360 417 482 570 671 795 962 1 159 1 384 Ghana ................................................... 5 243 6 106 7 126 8 187 9 059 10 321 11 390 13 479 15 579 17 887 20 148 Guinea ................................................... 2 619 2 851 3 118 3 439 3 819 4 004 4 575 5 185 6 033 7 323 8 203 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 505 528 554 558 584 651 793 892 1 017 1 191 1 370 Liberia ................................................... 824 925 1 052 1 203 1 387 1 605 1 868 2 171 2 137 2 143 3 071


Table A.5. Total population at mid-year by major area, region and country (continued)



2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

6 514 751 6 906 558 7 295 135 7 667 090 8 010 509 8 317 707 8 587 050 8 823 546 9 025 982 9 191 287 WORLD

1 215 636 1 232 457 1 245 021 1 253 852 1 258 970 1 260 770 1 259 931 1 256 835 1 251 757 1 245 247 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)5 299 115 5 674 101 6 050 114 6 413 238 6 751 540 7 056 937 7 327 119 7 566 711 7 774 225 7 946 040 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 766 816 863 394 966 718 1 075 104 1 186 916 1 300 634 1 414 665 1 527 425 1 637 146 1 741 959 Least developed countries (c)



769 348 866 948 971 522 1 081 029 1 193 581 1 308 461 1 424 351 1 539 590 1 652 280 1 760 724 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

922 011 1 032 013 1 149 117 1 270 528 1 393 871 1 518 310 1 642 679 1 765 372 1 884 446 1 997 935 AFRICA

292 539 332 107 374 956 419 782 465 394 511 524 557 920 604 136 649 414 692 942 EASTERN AFRICA 7 859 9 553 11 223 13 062 15 040 17 232 19 720 22 476 25 374 28 315 Burundi .................................................. 798 902 1 007 1 112 1 217 1 325 1 431 1 534 1 629 1 715 Comoros (1) ........................................... 804 877 951 1 027 1 113 1 197 1 276 1 349 1 417 1 480 Djibouti ..................................................

4 527 5 323 6 165 6 937 7 684 8 433 9 205 9 993 10 759 11 465 Eritrea ................................................... 78 986 89 566 100 967 112 896 124 996 137 052 148 990 160 781 172 320 183 404 Ethiopia ................................................. 35 599 40 645 46 167 51 691 57 176 62 762 68 464 74 136 79 596 84 757 Kenya .................................................... 18 643 21 299 24 107 27 005 29 954 32 931 35 910 38 851 41 712 44 453 Madagascar ........................................... 13 226 15 037 17 020 19 150 21 353 23 550 25 707 27 827 29 912 31 944 Malawi ................................................... 1 241 1 291 1 335 1 374 1 406 1 430 1 444 1 451 1 451 1 446 Mauritius (2) ..........................................

20 533 22 635 24 698 26 809 28 954 31 117 33 232 35 267 37 223 39 117 Mozambique .......................................... 785 836 883 926 965 999 1 026 1 047 1 062 1 072 Réunion .................................................

9 234 10 601 12 147 13 731 15 220 16 646 18 112 19 649 21 188 22 627 Rwanda ................................................. 86 88 89 92 94 96 98 99 100 100 Seychelles .............................................

8 196 9 486 10 881 12 291 13 712 15 193 16 694 18 178 19 634 21 057 Somalia ................................................. 28 947 34 040 39 966 46 749 54 011 61 548 69 252 77 100 85 039 92 935 Uganda .................................................. 38 478 43 542 48 999 54 479 59 989 65 516 70 936 76 084 80 823 85 077 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 11 478 12 625 13 842 15 193 16 539 17 870 19 172 20 443 21 679 22 868 Zambia .................................................. 13 120 13 760 14 508 15 258 15 969 16 628 17 250 17 869 18 496 19 112 Zimbabwe ..............................................

112 505 129 583 148 522 169 062 191 326 214 994 239 502 264 226 288 710 312 671 MIDDLE AFRICA 16 095 18 493 21 231 24 169 27 324 30 652 34 089 37 579 41 082 44 566 Angola ................................................... 17 795 19 662 21 525 23 352 25 136 26 892 28 603 30 233 31 752 33 144 Cameroon .............................................. 4 191 4 592 5 021 5 434 5 831 6 214 6 586 6 946 7 289 7 609 Central African Republic .........................

10 146 11 715 13 429 15 336 17 504 19 799 22 161 24 559 26 976 29 395 Chad ..................................................... 3 610 4 011 4 459 4 907 5 362 5 824 6 285 6 732 7 158 7 561 Congo ...................................................

58 741 69 010 80 569 93 375 107 481 122 734 138 714 154 938 171 048 186 837 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 484 545 616 693 773 854 936 1 019 1 101 1 183 Equatorial Guinea ..................................

1 291 1 390 1 494 1 599 1 698 1 791 1 876 1 953 2 021 2 081 Gabon ................................................... 153 165 180 197 216 234 251 268 282 296 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................


30 495 32 381 34 330 36 200 37 865 39 259 40 397 41 314 42 052 42 583 Morocco ................................................ 36 900 41 230 45 613 50 027 54 267 58 446 62 473 66 278 69 809 73 029 Sudan .................................................... 10 105 10 664 11 204 11 712 12 170 12 529 12 797 12 992 13 121 13 178 Tunisia ...................................................

440 530 625 723 775 819 856 887 915 938 Western Sahara .....................................

54 900 56 592 57 906 59 254 60 577 61 788 62 802 63 646 64 374 65 049 SOUTHERN AFRICA 1 836 1 953 2 062 2 165 2 265 2 358 2 445 2 533 2 620 2 703 Botswana ............................................... 1 981 2 044 2 107 2 163 2 211 2 252 2 286 2 314 2 337 2 356 Lesotho ................................................. 2 020 2 157 2 288 2 428 2 560 2 678 2 780 2 873 2 960 3 041 Namibia .................................................

47 939 49 278 50 260 51 281 52 300 53 236 54 004 54 616 55 121 55 590 South Africa ........................................... 1 125 1 160 1 189 1 218 1 242 1 264 1 287 1 311 1 335 1 360 Swaziland ..............................................

272 505 307 436 344 525 382 903 422 018 461 709 501 654 541 305 579 973 617 033 WESTERN AFRICA 8 490 9 872 11 331 12 874 14 460 16 076 17 712 19 349 20 957 22 506 Benin .....................................................

13 933 16 097 18 475 21 034 23 729 26 505 29 309 32 101 34 845 37 503 Burkina Faso ......................................... 507 567 628 690 750 808 864 916 962 1 002 Cape Verde ...........................................

18 585 20 375 22 343 24 315 26 233 28 088 29 878 31 595 33 214 34 704 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 1 617 1 845 2 072 2 301 2 534 2 770 3 003 3 229 3 445 3 649 Gambia ..................................................

22 535 24 890 27 294 29 672 31 993 34 234 36 375 38 387 40 233 41 881 Ghana ................................................... 9 003 10 028 11 449 12 966 14 547 16 170 17 818 19 475 21 115 22 711 Guinea ................................................... 1 597 1 853 2 160 2 513 2 913 3 358 3 834 4 325 4 821 5 324 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 3 442 4 311 5 032 5 849 6 771 7 797 8 909 10 073 11 260 12 460 Liberia ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Mali ....................................................... 3 329 3 657 4 015 4 408 4 866 5 447 6 069 6 794 7 669 8 736 10 004 Mauritania .............................................. 692 787 892 1 011 1 150 1 315 1 503 1 715 1 945 2 225 2 566 Niger ..................................................... 2 208 2 611 3 053 3 589 4 217 4 942 5 784 6 709 7 822 9 287 11 124 Nigeria ................................................... 33 960 37 850 42 356 47 611 53 764 61 163 71 065 81 598 94 454 109 010 124 773 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 Senegal ................................................. 2 543 2 865 3 277 3 777 4 402 5 118 5 871 6 796 7 896 9 054 10 334 Sierra Leone .......................................... 1 944 2 085 2 256 2 458 2 697 2 945 3 236 3 582 4 087 4 143 4 521 Togo ...................................................... 1 329 1 439 1 572 1 719 2 138 2 446 2 784 3 354 3 961 4 516 5 403

ASIA 1 410 649 1 550 986 1 704 289 1 898 591 2 138 765 2 393 643 2 635 738 2 896 192 3 181 211 3 451 674 3 704 838

EASTERN ASIA 669 906 733 395 791 744 873 920 986 626 1 096 781 1 178 001 1 254 941 1 343 912 1 414 933 1 476 295 China (4) ............................................... 554 760 609 005 657 492 729 191 830 675 927 808 998 877 1 066 906 1 149 069 1 213 732 1 269 962 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 1 974 2 490 3 075 3 692 3 942 4 396 5 039 5 456 5 704 6 206 6 662 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 190 181 173 209 254 253 252 306 372 412 441 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 9 737 9 632 10 946 12 323 14 247 16 072 17 239 18 721 20 143 21 715 22 946 Japan .................................................... 83 625 89 815 94 096 98 881 104 331 111 524 116 807 120 837 123 537 125 472 127 034 Mongolia ................................................ 761 850 959 1 094 1 256 1 447 1 663 1 909 2 216 2 389 2 470 Republic of Korea .................................. 18 859 21 422 25 003 28 530 31 922 35 281 38 124 40 806 42 869 45 008 46 780

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 511 449 561 299 622 306 694 619 777 432 872 819 981 920 1 106 852 1 242 969 1 382 701 1 516 156 Afghanistan ............................................ 8 151 8 805 9 616 10 612 11 840 13 329 13 946 12 333 12 659 18 256 20 737 Bangladesh ............................................ 43 852 48 415 54 253 61 479 69 817 78 993 88 855 100 532 113 049 126 297 139 434 Bhutan ................................................... 168 196 224 256 298 358 423 480 547 507 559 India ...................................................... 371 857 405 529 445 981 493 868 549 312 613 767 688 575 771 121 860 195 954 282 1 046 235 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 16 913 19 090 21 704 24 886 28 805 33 344 39 330 48 418 56 674 62 199 66 125 Kazakhstan ............................................ 6 703 7 992 9 996 11 909 13 110 14 136 14 919 15 780 16 530 15 919 14 954 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 1 740 1 902 2 173 2 573 2 964 3 299 3 627 4 013 4 395 4 591 4 946 Maldives ................................................ 82 90 99 109 121 137 158 184 216 248 273 Nepal ..................................................... 8 643 9 311 10 070 11 001 12 155 13 548 15 159 17 003 19 114 21 672 24 419 Pakistan ................................................ 36 944 41 127 46 259 52 327 59 565 68 294 79 222 95 005 112 991 127 766 144 360 Sri Lanka ............................................... 7 339 8 448 9 698 10 965 12 342 13 672 14 941 16 013 17 114 18 080 18 714 Tajikistan ............................................... 1 532 1 783 2 082 2 512 2 942 3 442 3 953 4 567 5 303 5 772 6 173 Turkmenistan ......................................... 1 211 1 356 1 594 1 890 2 189 2 520 2 861 3 230 3 668 4 193 4 502 Uzbekistan ............................................. 6 314 7 255 8 559 10 234 11 973 13 981 15 952 18 174 20 515 22 918 24 724

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 178 149 197 821 223 127 253 067 286 762 322 762 359 106 399 286 440 574 481 288 519 996 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 48 63 82 103 130 161 193 223 257 295 333 Cambodia .............................................. 4 346 4 840 5 433 6 141 6 938 7 098 6 748 8 106 9 698 11 395 12 780 Indonesia ............................................... 79 538 86 446 95 931 107 190 120 532 135 383 151 108 167 351 182 847 197 411 211 693 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 1 524 1 747 1 986 2 251 2 551 2 907 3 103 3 512 4 076 4 692 5 224 Malaysia ................................................ 6 110 7 000 8 140 9 502 10 853 12 258 13 763 15 677 18 103 20 594 23 274 Myanmar ............................................... 17 158 18 926 21 066 23 492 26 383 29 847 33 294 36 790 40 147 43 134 45 884 Philippines ............................................. 19 996 23 222 27 054 31 567 36 551 42 019 48 088 54 321 61 226 68 587 76 213 Singapore .............................................. 1 022 1 306 1 634 1 880 2 075 2 263 2 415 2 709 3 016 3 478 4 017 Thailand ................................................. 20 607 23 757 27 652 32 293 37 247 42 180 46 809 50 820 54 291 57 523 60 666 Timor-Leste ........................................... 433 462 501 549 604 672 581 659 740 850 819 Viet Nam ................................................ 27 367 30 052 33 648 38 099 42 898 47 974 53 005 59 118 66 173 73 330 79 094

WESTERN ASIA 51 145 58 471 67 111 76 985 87 944 101 280 116 710 135 114 153 757 172 752 192 390 Armenia ................................................. 1 354 1 564 1 867 2 205 2 518 2 826 3 096 3 339 3 545 3 227 3 082 Azerbaijan .............................................. 2 896 3 326 3 894 4 574 5 172 5 689 6 161 6 670 7 212 7 791 8 143 Bahrain .................................................. 116 134 156 191 220 272 347 413 493 578 650 Cyprus ................................................... 494 530 573 582 615 609 611 647 681 731 786 Georgia ................................................. 3 527 3 839 4 159 4 477 4 707 4 908 5 073 5 287 5 460 5 033 4 720 Iraq ........................................................ 5 340 6 264 7 332 8 589 10 112 11 972 14 093 16 288 18 515 21 632 25 052 Israel ..................................................... 1 258 1 748 2 114 2 563 2 898 3 358 3 764 4 103 4 514 5 374 6 084 Jordan ................................................... 472 665 896 1 106 1 623 1 937 2 225 2 706 3 254 4 304 4 799 Kuwait ................................................... 152 199 278 471 744 1 007 1 375 1 720 2 143 1 725 2 228 Lebanon ................................................ 1 443 1 613 1 888 2 184 2 443 2 737 2 785 2 891 2 974 3 491 3 772 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 1 005 1 042 1 101 1 199 1 096 1 255 1 476 1 783 2 154 2 617 3 149 Oman .................................................... 456 505 565 642 747 917 1 187 1 527 1 843 2 172 2 402 Qatar ..................................................... 25 35 45 70 111 171 229 361 467 526 617 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 3 201 3 593 4 075 4 793 5 745 7 251 9 604 12 865 16 256 18 251 20 807 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 3 536 3 991 4 621 5 399 6 371 7 537 8 971 10 815 12 721 14 610 16 511 Turkey ................................................... 21 484 24 610 28 233 31 997 36 207 41 211 46 316 52 150 57 345 62 736 68 158 United Arab Emirates ............................. 70 79 90 144 225 530 1 015 1 410 1 867 2 432 3 247 Yemen ................................................... 4 316 4 732 5 222 5 799 6 391 7 093 8 381 10 137 12 314 15 523 18 182





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

11 611 13 506 15 655 18 034 20 589 23 250 25 966 28 719 31 488 34 231 Mali ....................................................... 2 963 3 363 3 757 4 153 4 548 4 944 5 333 5 705 6 050 6 364 Mauritania ..............................................

13 264 15 791 18 754 22 222 26 250 30 842 35 941 41 437 47 208 53 163 Niger ..................................................... 141 356 158 313 175 715 193 099 210 129 226 855 243 274 259 233 274 462 288 696 Nigeria ...................................................

6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 11 770 13 311 14 878 16 442 17 999 19 554 21 097 22 588 23 985 25 257 Senegal ................................................. 5 586 6 185 6 929 7 747 8 639 9 592 10 577 11 566 12 550 13 524 Sierra Leone .......................................... 6 239 7 122 8 045 8 984 9 925 10 856 11 755 12 599 13 370 14 050 Togo ......................................................

3 938 020 4 166 308 4 389 000 4 596 189 4 778 988 4 930 983 5 051 850 5 147 894 5 219 778 5 265 895 ASIA

1 522 472 1 562 576 1 599 849 1 631 368 1 653 595 1 662 797 1 658 173 1 642 909 1 620 096 1 591 242 EASTERN ASIA1 312 979 1 351 512 1 388 600 1 421 260 1 445 782 1 458 421 1 458 292 1 448 355 1 431 448 1 408 846 China (4) ...............................................

7 057 7 419 7 744 8 040 8 305 8 532 8 714 8 847 8 933 8 980 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 473 490 507 523 535 543 544 540 533 524 China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................

23 616 24 015 24 416 24 838 25 228 25 434 25 404 25 218 24 961 24 666 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 127 897 127 758 126 607 124 489 121 614 118 252 114 569 110 651 106 590 102 511 Japan ....................................................

2 581 2 707 2 858 2 997 3 112 3 204 3 280 3 338 3 375 3 388 Mongolia ................................................ 47 870 48 673 49 117 49 221 49 019 48 411 47 371 45 961 44 255 42 327 Republic of Korea ..................................

1 645 790 1 777 379 1 908 136 2 032 724 2 145 999 2 246 028 2 333 798 2 413 132 2 481 494 2 536 010 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 25 067 30 389 35 631 40 993 46 927 53 252 59 780 66 374 72 953 79 423 Afghanistan ............................................


1 134 403 1 220 182 1 302 535 1 379 198 1 447 499 1 505 748 1 554 182 1 596 719 1 631 920 1 658 270 India ...................................................... 69 421 74 276 79 379 84 244 88 027 91 155 94 062 96 743 98 881 100 174 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 15 211 15 759 16 299 16 723 16 987 17 142 17 260 17 361 17 396 17 312 Kazakhstan ............................................ 5 204 5 497 5 782 6 024 6 208 6 343 6 455 6 537 6 576 6 566 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 295 323 353 383 411 434 456 476 494 510 Maldives ................................................

27 094 29 898 32 843 35 868 38 855 41 742 44 526 47 185 49 665 51 891 Nepal ..................................................... 158 081 173 351 190 659 208 315 224 956 240 276 254 730 268 506 281 201 292 205 Pakistan ................................................ 19 121 19 576 19 960 20 229 20 328 20 249 20 019 19 671 19 232 18 715 Sri Lanka ............................................... 6 550 7 062 7 703 8 342 8 929 9 434 9 857 10 204 10 505 10 760 Tajikistan ............................................... 4 833 5 163 5 498 5 811 6 068 6 270 6 442 6 590 6 707 6 780 Turkmenistan .........................................

26 593 28 580 30 645 32 481 33 963 35 199 36 315 37 266 37 970 38 386 Uzbekistan .............................................



5 664 6 173 6 699 7 223 7 713 8 142 8 502 8 798 9 063 9 290 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 25 653 27 920 30 047 32 020 33 769 35 270 36 622 37 819 38 830 39 631 Malaysia ................................................ 47 967 50 051 51 998 53 780 55 374 56 681 57 665 58 326 58 667 58 709 Myanmar ............................................... 84 566 93 001 101 090 108 748 115 878 122 388 128 105 132 862 136 992 140 466 Philippines ............................................. 4 327 4 592 4 809 4 965 5 104 5 202 5 234 5 199 5 121 5 026 Singapore ..............................................

63 003 65 125 66 763 67 990 68 803 69 218 69 260 68 940 68 286 67 376 Thailand ................................................. 1 067 1 271 1 504 1 749 2 011 2 284 2 564 2 856 3 158 3 462 Timor-Leste ...........................................

85 029 90 845 96 467 101 656 106 357 110 429 113 885 116 676 118 720 119 971 Viet Nam ................................................

212 088 232 139 252 978 273 506 293 144 311 556 328 731 344 599 359 135 372 032 WESTERN ASIA 3 018 2 987 2 976 2 955 2 908 2 838 2 757 2 669 2 570 2 458 Armenia ................................................. 8 352 8 671 9 008 9 307 9 508 9 599 9 614 9 587 9 523 9 404 Azerbaijan .............................................. 725 792 857 917 972 1 025 1 072 1 112 1 146 1 173 Bahrain .................................................. 836 882 929 975 1 018 1 056 1 091 1 124 1 155 1 183 Cyprus ...................................................

4 473 4 301 4 188 4 063 3 945 3 807 3 653 3 487 3 313 3 134 Georgia ................................................. 27 996 30 688 34 947 39 161 43 293 47 376 51 300 55 035 58 593 61 942 Iraq ........................................................ 6 692 7 272 7 797 8 269 8 722 9 160 9 575 9 946 10 262 10 527 Israel ..................................................... 5 544 6 453 6 923 7 469 8 029 8 554 9 029 9 445 9 813 10 121 Jordan ................................................... 2 700 3 051 3 378 3 690 3 988 4 273 4 547 4 807 5 039 5 240 Kuwait ................................................... 4 011 4 227 4 431 4 616 4 784 4 925 5 037 5 123 5 184 5 221 Lebanon ................................................ 3 762 4 409 5 090 5 806 6 553 7 320 8 085 8 837 9 566 10 265 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 2 507 2 767 3 051 3 339 3 614 3 865 4 088 4 291 4 476 4 639 Oman .................................................... 796 885 966 1 040 1 102 1 161 1 215 1 263 1 303 1 333 Qatar .....................................................

23 612 26 416 29 265 32 089 34 797 37 314 39 591 41 594 43 394 45 030 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 18 894 21 428 23 510 25 573 27 519 29 294 30 921 32 403 33 754 34 887 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 72 970 77 703 82 111 86 070 89 557 92 468 94 887 96 787 98 145 98 946 Turkey ................................................... 4 104 4 732 5 263 5 774 6 268 6 753 7 232 7 698 8 134 8 521 United Arab Emirates .............................

21 096 24 475 28 288 32 390 36 567 40 768 45 036 49 393 53 765 58 009 Yemen ...................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

EUROPE 548 194 575 970 605 201 634 811 656 666 676 455 693 170 706 576 721 322 728 513 728 501

EASTERN EUROPE 220 198 237 112 253 469 266 937 276 415 285 737 294 972 303 505 310 860 310 421 304 870 Belarus .................................................. 7 745 7 804 8 190 8 607 9 040 9 367 9 659 9 999 10 260 10 266 10 052 Bulgaria ................................................. 7 251 7 499 7 867 8 204 8 490 8 721 8 862 8 960 8 819 8 357 8 003 Czech Republic ...................................... 8 925 9 292 9 546 9 709 9 801 10 034 10 284 10 310 10 303 10 310 10 220 Hungary ................................................. 9 338 9 825 9 984 10 153 10 337 10 532 10 707 10 579 10 365 10 329 10 214 Moldova ................................................. 2 341 2 627 3 004 3 335 3 595 3 839 4 010 4 232 4 389 4 379 4 145 Poland ................................................... 24 824 27 281 29 638 31 445 32 664 34 015 35 574 37 202 38 111 38 595 38 433 Romania ................................................ 16 311 17 486 18 407 19 032 20 253 21 245 22 201 22 725 23 207 22 681 22 138 Russian Federation ................................ 102 702 111 402 119 906 126 749 130 392 134 233 138 655 143 469 148 615 149 124 147 423 Slovakia ................................................. 3 463 3 798 4 145 4 362 4 528 4 735 4 976 5 140 5 256 5 364 5 388 Ukraine .................................................. 37 298 40 099 42 783 45 341 47 317 49 016 50 044 50 889 51 536 51 016 48 854

NORTHERN EUROPE 78 093 79 635 81 762 84 928 87 357 89 011 89 877 90 745 92 120 93 177 94 341 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 102 106 110 116 122 127 129 135 142 144 147 Denmark ................................................ 4 271 4 439 4 581 4 758 4 929 5 060 5 123 5 114 5 140 5 228 5 335 Estonia .................................................. 1 101 1 160 1 216 1 291 1 365 1 432 1 473 1 524 1 566 1 438 1 370 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 32 32 34 36 39 41 43 46 47 44 46 Finland (9) ............................................. 4 009 4 235 4 430 4 564 4 606 4 711 4 780 4 902 4 986 5 108 5 176 Iceland .................................................. 143 158 176 192 204 218 228 241 255 267 281 Ireland ................................................... 2 969 2 921 2 834 2 876 2 954 3 177 3 401 3 539 3 515 3 609 3 804 Isle of Man ............................................. 55 52 48 51 57 61 65 64 70 72 77 Latvia .................................................... 1 949 2 015 2 121 2 266 2 359 2 456 2 512 2 579 2 663 2 490 2 379 Lithuania ................................................ 2 567 2 629 2 779 2 971 3 140 3 302 3 413 3 545 3 698 3 630 3 503 Norway (10) ........................................... 3 265 3 427 3 581 3 723 3 877 4 007 4 086 4 153 4 241 4 359 4 489 Sweden ................................................. 7 014 7 262 7 480 7 734 8 043 8 193 8 310 8 350 8 559 8 827 8 868 United Kingdom ..................................... 50 616 51 199 52 372 54 350 55 663 56 226 56 314 56 554 57 237 57 961 58 868

SOUTHERN EUROPE 108 996 113 588 118 067 122 979 127 244 132 564 137 890 140 512 142 286 143 858 145 801 Albania .................................................. 1 215 1 379 1 611 1 870 2 136 2 401 2 671 2 957 3 289 3 150 3 080 Andorra ................................................. 6 9 13 19 24 31 37 47 53 65 66 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 2 661 2 944 3 180 3 396 3 564 3 747 3 914 4 122 4 308 3 421 3 787 Croatia .................................................. 3 850 3 966 4 045 4 122 4 169 4 263 4 377 4 471 4 517 4 669 4 506 Gibraltar ................................................ 20 21 22 23 25 25 27 27 27 27 27 Greece .................................................. 7 566 7 966 8 334 8 551 8 793 9 047 9 643 9 934 10 161 10 656 10 975 Holy See (11) ......................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Italy ....................................................... 47 104 48 633 50 200 52 112 53 822 55 441 56 434 56 593 56 719 57 301 57 692 Malta ..................................................... 312 314 312 305 303 304 324 344 360 378 389 Montenegro ........................................... 399 429 467 507 519 549 576 576 587 623 670 Portugal ................................................. 8 405 8 610 8 858 8 999 8 680 9 093 9 766 10 011 9 983 10 030 10 227 San Marino ............................................ 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 Serbia .................................................... 6 732 7 217 7 583 7 889 8 173 8 536 8 946 9 272 9 569 10 196 10 131 Slovenia ................................................. 1 473 1 533 1 580 1 630 1 670 1 742 1 832 1 884 1 927 1 964 1 984 Spain ..................................................... 28 009 29 199 30 455 32 056 33 779 35 688 37 527 38 420 38 851 39 388 40 229 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 1 230 1 354 1 392 1 481 1 568 1 676 1 795 1 828 1 909 1 963 2 009

WESTERN EUROPE 140 906 145 635 151 903 159 968 165 650 169 143 170 430 171 813 176 057 181 057 183 489 Austria ................................................... 6 935 6 947 7 048 7 271 7 467 7 579 7 549 7 578 7 729 8 047 8 111 Belgium ................................................. 8 628 8 862 9 155 9 451 9 632 9 779 9 828 9 816 9 933 10 084 10 193 France ................................................... 41 829 43 428 45 684 48 758 50 772 52 699 53 880 55 284 56 735 58 203 59 187 Germany ................................................ 68 376 70 326 72 815 75 964 78 169 78 674 78 289 77 685 79 433 81 661 82 309 Liechtenstein ......................................... 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 Luxembourg ........................................... 296 305 314 332 339 359 364 367 382 408 437 Monaco ................................................. 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 28 30 32 32 Netherlands ........................................... 10 114 10 751 11 487 12 295 13 039 13 666 14 150 14 492 14 952 15 459 15 924 Switzerland ............................................ 4 694 4 980 5 362 5 857 6 187 6 339 6 319 6 536 6 834 7 133 7 263


CARIBBEAN 17 132 18 836 20 771 23 143 25 421 27 741 29 855 32 049 34 353 36 577 38 617 Anguilla ................................................. 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 9 10 11 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 46 53 55 62 69 76 72 68 62 68 77 Aruba .................................................... 38 44 49 54 57 59 61 65 64 83 90 Bahamas ............................................... 79 89 110 140 170 189 210 233 255 280 303 Barbados ............................................... 211 227 231 235 239 246 249 260 271 280 286 British Virgin Islands ............................... 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 13 17 18 21 Cayman Islands ..................................... 7 7 9 9 10 13 17 21 26 33 40 Cuba ..................................................... 5 920 6 540 7 141 7 950 8 710 9 432 9 823 10 086 10 605 10 930 11 142





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

731 087 730 478 727 227 722 060 715 220 706 908 697 507 687 244 676 104 664 183 EUROPE

297 775 290 755 283 474 275 701 267 284 258 344 249 251 240 144 230 968 221 697 EASTERN EUROPE 9 795 9 529 9 260 8 974 8 668 8 346 8 015 7 674 7 321 6 960 Belarus .................................................. 7 745 7 471 7 180 6 873 6 551 6 224 5 900 5 580 5 264 4 949 Bulgaria .................................................

10 192 10 175 10 129 10 043 9 910 9 728 9 511 9 284 9 056 8 825 Czech Republic ...................................... 10 086 9 940 9 783 9 621 9 448 9 259 9 054 8 846 8 646 8 459 Hungary ................................................. 3 877 3 707 3 645 3 580 3 496 3 388 3 266 3 139 3 012 2 883 Moldova .................................................

38 196 37 902 37 580 37 079 36 337 35 353 34 197 32 934 31 616 30 260 Poland ................................................... 21 628 21 147 20 598 20 079 19 494 18 860 18 187 17 472 16 722 15 928 Romania ................................................

143 953 140 318 136 479 132 407 128 193 123 915 119 777 115 782 111 810 107 832 Russian Federation ................................ 5 387 5 396 5 392 5 366 5 308 5 217 5 100 4 966 4 820 4 664 Slovakia .................................................

46 918 45 170 43 428 41 679 39 879 38 053 36 245 34 468 32 702 30 937 Ukraine ..................................................

96 370 98 353 100 210 102 008 103 635 104 973 105 978 106 791 107 515 108 176 NORTHERN EUROPE 149 150 151 151 152 151 150 149 146 144 Channel Islands (8) ................................

5 417 5 473 5 510 5 544 5 578 5 602 5 606 5 588 5 558 5 528 Denmark ................................................ 1 344 1 321 1 300 1 278 1 252 1 224 1 197 1 173 1 151 1 128 Estonia ..................................................

48 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 57 58 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 5 246 5 323 5 384 5 434 5 464 5 469 5 450 5 419 5 387 5 360 Finland (9) ............................................. 296 308 320 329 337 344 349 352 354 355 Iceland ..................................................


2 302 2 243 2 189 2 134 2 072 2 012 1 947 1 883 1 825 1 768 Latvia .................................................... 3 425 3 336 3 263 3 188 3 102 3 023 2 933 2 840 2 747 2 654 Lithuania ................................................ 4 639 4 785 4 932 5 079 5 228 5 366 5 482 5 576 5 656 5 732 Norway (10) ........................................... 9 038 9 242 9 440 9 652 9 854 10 012 10 130 10 238 10 354 10 481 Sweden .................................................

60 245 61 517 62 787 64 033 65 190 66 162 66 931 67 581 68 172 68 717 United Kingdom .....................................

150 333 152 912 153 940 153 896 153 245 152 292 151 201 149 949 148 367 146 335 SOUTHERN EUROPE 3 154 3 245 3 346 3 430 3 488 3 519 3 527 3 519 3 494 3 451 Albania ..................................................

73 75 75 75 74 73 72 71 68 66 Andorra ................................................. 3 915 3 942 3 899 3 833 3 751 3 653 3 544 3 423 3 294 3 160 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 4 551 4 532 4 455 4 369 4 274 4 168 4 052 3 930 3 811 3 692 Croatia ..................................................

29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28 28 27 Gibraltar ................................................ 11 100 11 215 11 273 11 274 11 236 11 179 11 111 11 031 10 932 10 808 Greece ..................................................

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Holy See (11) ......................................... 58 646 59 032 59 001 58 601 58 079 57 519 56 929 56 277 55 506 54 610 Italy .......................................................



9 863 9 925 9 970 9 981 9 959 9 915 9 861 9 800 9 727 9 635 Serbia .................................................... 1 999 2 001 1 992 1 972 1 941 1 901 1 855 1 805 1 751 1 694 Slovenia .................................................

43 397 45 108 46 000 46 445 46 623 46 682 46 735 46 776 46 699 46 401 Spain ..................................................... 2 034 2 041 2 037 2 025 2 001 1 966 1 921 1 868 1 809 1 746 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

186 609 188 458 189 603 190 455 191 055 191 299 191 077 190 360 189 254 187 974 WESTERN EUROPE 8 292 8 442 8 514 8 575 8 622 8 643 8 634 8 602 8 555 8 500 Austria ...................................................

10 398 10 522 10 613 10 684 10 742 10 780 10 788 10 762 10 710 10 643 Belgium ................................................. 60 991 62 507 63 746 64 825 65 769 66 605 67 307 67 819 68 121 68 270 France ................................................... 82 652 82 365 81 825 81 161 80 341 79 348 78 171 76 852 75 466 74 088 Germany ................................................

35 36 38 39 40 42 43 44 44 45 Liechtenstein ......................................... 457 483 510 538 569 601 633 663 693 722 Luxembourg ........................................... 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 37 Monaco .................................................

16 328 16 502 16 625 16 760 16 960 17 141 17 262 17 303 17 279 17 235 Netherlands ........................................... 7 424 7 567 7 699 7 838 7 978 8 104 8 202 8 278 8 350 8 434 Switzerland ............................................


40 525 42 300 44 025 45 664 47 144 48 357 49 282 49 926 50 295 50 387 CARIBBEAN 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 Anguilla ................................................. 83 88 93 97 101 104 107 109 110 111 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................

103 103 105 106 107 108 108 107 105 104 Aruba .................................................... 323 343 363 381 397 412 425 435 443 449 Bahamas ............................................... 292 297 300 303 303 301 297 290 281 272 Barbados ............................................... 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 28 28 28 British Virgin Islands ............................... 46 49 51 54 55 57 58 59 59 59 Cayman Islands .....................................

11 260 11 257 11 250 11 248 11 231 11 126 10 929 10 653 10 312 9 911 Cuba .....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Dominica ............................................... 51 58 59 61 65 68 73 72 69 69 68 Dominican Republic ............................... 2 427 2 834 3 349 3 950 4 596 5 264 5 934 6 608 7 295 8 013 8 744 Grenada ................................................ 77 81 90 95 94 92 89 100 96 98 100 Guadeloupe ........................................... 210 236 275 300 320 329 327 355 391 406 421 Haiti ....................................................... 3 221 3 516 3 869 4 275 4 713 5 144 5 691 6 387 7 110 7 836 8 573 Jamaica ................................................. 1 403 1 542 1 629 1 760 1 869 2 013 2 133 2 297 2 369 2 485 2 589 Martinique .............................................. 222 246 282 311 325 328 326 341 360 375 386 Montserrat ............................................. 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 10 5 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 112 123 135 146 159 166 174 182 191 191 181 Puerto Rico ............................................ 2 218 2 250 2 360 2 583 2 716 2 939 3 197 3 378 3 528 3 696 3 834 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 46 49 51 49 45 44 43 42 41 43 46 Saint Lucia ............................................. 83 87 90 96 104 110 118 127 138 146 153 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 67 74 81 86 90 96 100 104 109 113 116 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 636 721 843 896 971 1 012 1 082 1 179 1 224 1 270 1 301 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 12 15 19 United States Virgin Islands .................... 27 29 33 50 64 86 98 105 103 107 110

CENTRAL AMERICA 37 515 43 503 50 916 59 551 69 581 80 853 92 255 102 510 112 724 124 052 135 587 Belize .................................................... 69 80 93 107 123 134 144 163 186 214 245 Costa Rica ............................................. 966 1 129 1 334 1 582 1 821 2 051 2 347 2 697 3 076 3 475 3 929 El Salvador ............................................ 1 951 2 224 2 578 3 012 3 598 4 120 4 586 4 769 5 110 5 632 6 195 Guatemala ............................................. 3 146 3 619 4 140 4 736 5 419 6 204 7 013 7 935 8 908 10 004 11 229 Honduras ............................................... 1 487 1 719 2 004 2 353 2 691 3 106 3 633 4 231 4 891 5 570 6 196 Mexico ................................................... 27 741 32 253 37 877 44 406 52 028 60 713 69 325 76 826 84 002 91 823 99 735 Nicaragua .............................................. 1 295 1 503 1 764 2 052 2 395 2 802 3 257 3 715 4 141 4 664 5 108 Panama ................................................. 860 977 1 126 1 303 1 506 1 723 1 949 2 176 2 411 2 670 2 950

SOUTH AMERICA 112 980 129 684 148 480 170 156 192 541 216 240 242 269 269 933 297 194 323 230 348 844 Argentina ............................................... 17 150 18 928 20 616 22 283 23 962 26 049 28 094 30 305 32 581 34 835 36 896 Bolivia .................................................... 2 714 3 006 3 351 3 748 4 212 4 759 5 355 5 964 6 669 7 482 8 317 Brazil ..................................................... 53 975 62 886 72 742 84 328 95 989 108 124 121 615 136 120 149 522 161 615 174 161 Chile ...................................................... 6 082 6 764 7 643 8 647 9 570 10 413 11 174 12 102 13 179 14 395 15 412 Colombia ............................................... 12 568 14 523 16 841 19 554 22 500 25 302 28 356 31 564 34 875 38 259 41 683 Ecuador ................................................. 3 387 3 862 4 439 5 144 5 970 6 907 7 961 9 099 10 272 11 396 12 306 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 French Guiana ....................................... 25 29 32 40 48 56 68 88 116 139 165 Guyana .................................................. 423 486 569 645 709 734 761 754 731 739 734 Paraguay ............................................... 1 473 1 675 1 907 2 177 2 484 2 805 3 198 3 702 4 248 4 799 5 349 Peru ...................................................... 7 632 8 672 9 931 11 467 13 193 15 161 17 325 19 523 21 762 23 857 25 663 Suriname ............................................... 215 250 290 332 372 364 356 383 402 416 436 Uruguay ................................................. 2 239 2 372 2 538 2 693 2 808 2 829 2 914 3 009 3 106 3 218 3 318 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 5 094 6 230 7 579 9 094 10 721 12 734 15 091 17 317 19 731 22 078 24 402

NORTHERN AMERICA 171 615 186 882 204 150 219 157 231 932 243 417 255 546 269 023 283 920 299 670 315 672 Bermuda ................................................ 37 41 45 49 52 54 56 58 60 61 63 Canada .................................................. 13 737 15 736 17 909 19 678 21 717 23 142 24 516 25 843 27 701 29 302 30 689 Greenland .............................................. 23 26 33 39 46 50 50 53 56 56 56 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 United States of America ........................ 157 813 171 074 186 158 199 386 210 111 220 165 230 917 243 063 256 098 270 245 284 857

OCEANIA 12 807 14 260 15 884 17 788 19 639 21 286 22 852 24 686 26 733 28 995 31 106

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 10 127 11 337 12 648 14 153 15 548 16 708 17 751 18 916 20 284 21 745 22 993 Australia (13) ......................................... 8 219 9 201 10 276 11 525 12 728 13 625 14 638 15 669 16 873 18 072 19 139 New Zealand .......................................... 1 908 2 136 2 372 2 628 2 820 3 083 3 113 3 247 3 411 3 673 3 854

MELANESIA 2 289 2 483 2 735 3 056 3 426 3 865 4 321 4 905 5 489 6 204 7 003 Fiji ......................................................... 289 336 394 464 520 576 634 709 724 768 802 New Caledonia ....................................... 65 68 78 91 105 129 143 155 171 193 215 Papua New Guinea ................................ 1 798 1 922 2 080 2 289 2 554 2 866 3 199 3 637 4 131 4 709 5 381 Solomon Islands .................................... 90 102 118 137 161 193 229 272 314 362 415 Vanuatu ................................................. 48 55 64 75 86 101 117 132 149 172 190

MICRONESIA 148 164 184 211 242 267 301 358 417 466 497 Guam .................................................... 60 63 67 76 85 95 107 119 134 146 155 Kiribati ................................................... 26 29 33 38 44 48 55 63 72 77 84 Marshall Islands ..................................... 13 14 15 17 20 26 31 38 47 51 52 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 32 38 45 52 61 63 73 86 96 107 107 Nauru .................................................... 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 10





2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

68 67 67 68 69 69 69 69 68 67 Dominica ............................................... 9 470 10 191 10 890 11 557 12 172 12 709 13 159 13 519 13 790 13 972 Dominican Republic ............................... 105 105 106 107 108 107 105 103 99 95 Grenada ................................................ 438 454 465 474 481 484 485 483 477 468 Guadeloupe ...........................................

9 296 10 060 10 830 11 584 12 305 12 994 13 652 14 262 14 809 15 275 Haiti ....................................................... 2 682 2 756 2 819 2 872 2 908 2 924 2 916 2 885 2 833 2 763 Jamaica ................................................. 396 402 404 405 404 400 392 381 367 350 Martinique ..............................................

6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 Montserrat ............................................. 186 199 205 207 207 206 202 198 193 186 Netherlands Antilles ...............................

3 947 4 056 4 160 4 252 4 328 4 383 4 414 4 426 4 428 4 422 Puerto Rico ............................................ 49 52 56 59 61 64 66 67 68 69 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................

161 171 180 188 195 201 206 211 214 216 Saint Lucia ............................................. 119 122 124 125 125 124 121 118 113 106 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........

1 324 1 348 1 374 1 393 1 401 1 400 1 390 1 375 1 353 1 325 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 24 26 28 29 30 31 32 32 32 32 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................

111 111 110 109 107 103 99 93 88 82 United States Virgin Islands ....................


4 327 4 665 4 983 5 276 5 549 5 795 6 008 6 185 6 324 6 426 Costa Rica ............................................. 6 668 7 142 7 602 8 077 8 525 8 935 9 299 9 609 9 858 10 040 El Salvador ............................................

12 710 14 377 16 227 18 091 19 926 21 691 23 351 24 882 26 262 27 473 Guatemala ............................................. 6 834 7 533 8 280 9 005 9 682 10 298 10 842 11 307 11 719 12 079 Honduras ...............................................

104 266 110 293 115 756 120 559 124 695 128 125 130 683 132 237 132 758 132 278 Mexico ................................................... 5 463 5 832 6 277 6 696 7 075 7 407 7 687 7 912 8 074 8 169 Nicaragua .............................................. 3 232 3 509 3 774 4 027 4 267 4 488 4 684 4 850 4 985 5 093 Panama .................................................


186 831 198 982 210 048 219 992 228 833 236 480 242 752 247 814 251 607 254 085 Brazil ..................................................... 16 295 17 134 17 926 18 639 19 266 19 778 20 166 20 435 20 596 20 655 Chile ...................................................... 44 946 47 890 50 663 53 238 55 563 57 577 59 204 60 447 61 326 61 860 Colombia ............................................... 13 061 13 775 14 597 15 376 16 074 16 679 17 175 17 557 17 821 17 988 Ecuador .................................................

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 192 217 242 267 293 319 343 365 386 406 French Guiana ....................................... 739 731 715 700 683 660 626 581 530 477 Guyana ..................................................

5 904 6 460 7 008 7 533 8 026 8 483 8 898 9 267 9 591 9 868 Paraguay ............................................... 27 274 28 894 30 768 32 540 34 148 35 564 36 770 37 752 38 500 39 049 Peru ......................................................

452 465 475 480 482 481 474 463 446 426 Suriname ............................................... 3 326 3 374 3 431 3 495 3 548 3 590 3 622 3 642 3 648 3 641 Uruguay .................................................


332 245 348 574 364 334 379 270 392 978 405 429 416 777 427 072 436 481 445 303 NORTHERN AMERICA 64 65 65 66 66 66 65 65 64 63 Bermuda ................................................



33 410 35 489 37 499 39 482 41 421 43 236 44 860 46 293 47 575 48 742 OCEANIA

24 407 25 647 26 854 28 033 29 157 30 182 31 078 31 867 32 582 33 250 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 20 310 21 362 22 397 23 418 24 393 25 287 26 075 26 778 27 425 28 041 Australia (13) ......................................... 4 097 4 285 4 457 4 616 4 764 4 895 5 003 5 089 5 157 5 209 New Zealand ..........................................

7 820 8 588 9 323 10 058 10 806 11 536 12 213 12 818 13 355 13 834 MELANESIA 828 854 874 888 905 918 926 928 922 910 Fiji ......................................................... 234 253 270 287 303 317 330 341 351 360 New Caledonia .......................................

6 070 6 708 7 319 7 937 8 565 9 183 9 758 10 273 10 736 11 155 Papua New Guinea ................................ 472 531 589 647 705 762 817 868 914 955 Solomon Islands .................................... 215 243 270 299 328 356 383 408 432 454 Vanuatu .................................................

538 575 611 648 684 717 746 771 791 808 MICRONESIA 169 180 191 201 211 220 228 233 238 242 Guam .................................................... 92 100 107 115 123 131 137 143 147 151 Kiribati ................................................... 57 63 70 75 79 83 86 89 92 92 Marshall Islands .....................................

110 113 116 120 125 129 132 134 134 134 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Nauru ....................................................





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000


POLYNESIA 242 276 317 368 423 447 478 508 543 580 613 American Samoa .................................... 19 20 20 24 27 30 33 39 47 53 57 Cook Islands .......................................... 15 16 18 19 21 20 18 18 18 18 16 French Polynesia ................................... 61 69 79 93 111 130 151 174 195 216 236 Niue ....................................................... 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 Pitcairn .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samoa ................................................... 82 94 110 127 142 150 155 157 161 168 177 Tokelau ................................................. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Tonga .................................................... 47 57 68 83 98 93 97 93 95 97 98 Tuvalu ................................................... 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... 7 8 9 9 9 9 11 14 14 14 15






2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050



256 273 290 306 319 330 339 346 352 357 French Polynesia ................................... 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Niue ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pitcairn ..................................................

184 192 198 204 211 217 221 222 219 215 Samoa ................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tokelau .................................................

99 102 104 108 112 115 118 120 122 123 Tonga .................................................... 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 Tuvalu ................................................... 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.6. Average annual rate of change of the urban populationby major area, region and country, 1950-2050


Average annual rate of change (per cent)Major area, region and country

1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

WORLD 2.97 3.06 3.06 2.75 2.62 2.73 2.66 2.69 2.34 2.19

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) 2.33 2.27 2.08 1.76 1.47 1.19 0.93 0.94 0.74 0.56 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 3.83 4.02 4.15 3.73 3.67 3.96 3.86 3.75 3.19 2.96 Least developed countries (c) 4.60 4.83 5.49 5.90 4.84 5.70 4.55 4.47 4.41 4.07 Other less developed countries (d) 3.79 3.98 4.07 3.60 3.59 3.83 3.81 3.69 3.09 2.86

Less developed regions, excluding China 3.90 4.04 4.21 4.12 4.06 3.98 3.72 3.42 3.03 2.80

Sub-Saharan Africa (e) 4.93 5.50 5.47 5.17 4.85 4.84 4.56 4.59 4.37 4.00

AFRICA 4.66 5.01 5.10 4.65 4.40 4.43 4.30 4.16 3.87 3.52

EASTERN AFRICA 5.69 5.75 6.12 6.29 6.33 6.39 4.98 4.97 4.23 4.01 Burundi .................................................. 3.44 3.45 3.40 3.28 6.94 8.28 7.06 6.72 4.64 4.07 Comoros (1) ........................................... 8.83 8.36 8.26 5.39 4.72 5.72 5.14 4.69 3.15 2.66 Djibouti .................................................. 4.93 6.03 8.54 8.44 8.19 9.78 4.07 6.89 3.20 4.02 Eritrea ................................................... 5.24 5.53 5.67 4.65 4.04 4.40 3.73 3.10 1.32 4.11 Ethiopia ................................................. 5.47 5.62 5.87 5.16 4.66 3.57 5.04 5.21 5.22 4.20 Kenya .................................................... 5.55 5.74 6.32 6.96 8.16 7.65 5.34 4.92 3.90 3.44 Madagascar ........................................... 5.45 5.51 5.54 5.18 5.58 5.24 5.28 5.21 4.76 3.98 Malawi ................................................... 4.16 4.40 4.61 6.76 7.79 6.63 5.44 7.83 4.07 5.52 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 3.97 4.32 4.82 4.40 2.19 1.08 0.99 1.52 0.97 0.77 Mozambique .......................................... 5.93 6.17 6.62 6.72 10.49 10.90 6.76 4.95 7.61 5.79 Réunion ................................................. 6.68 6.03 6.01 5.11 2.25 4.64 6.61 5.27 3.05 2.60 Rwanda ................................................. 5.66 5.87 4.93 6.14 7.60 6.61 4.71 4.82 3.40 17.55 Seychelles ............................................. 2.63 1.16 6.32 4.32 6.33 2.99 0.23 1.45 1.22 1.86 Somalia ................................................. 5.27 5.27 5.20 5.09 5.10 9.98 0.90 1.86 -0.31 3.57 Uganda .................................................. 7.19 7.28 7.74 7.09 3.96 4.36 7.01 7.55 4.52 3.72 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 7.33 6.31 5.74 8.33 10.22 8.47 5.95 5.48 4.87 4.13 Zambia .................................................. 7.16 7.22 8.06 8.37 6.19 5.89 3.14 2.89 1.42 1.14 Zimbabwe .............................................. 4.77 4.84 6.24 6.70 6.10 5.70 6.45 6.02 4.15 2.65

MIDDLE AFRICA 4.32 4.58 5.74 6.01 4.46 4.22 4.05 4.21 4.58 3.76 Angola ................................................... 5.00 5.19 5.50 5.58 7.19 7.58 7.82 6.59 6.51 4.61 Cameroon .............................................. 5.91 5.93 6.06 6.15 8.62 6.11 5.47 5.37 4.92 4.32 Central African Republic ......................... 4.81 4.87 5.07 5.10 5.05 3.62 3.75 3.04 2.96 2.48 Chad ..................................................... 5.94 6.00 6.73 8.53 8.35 5.84 3.54 4.15 4.18 4.66 Congo ................................................... 4.47 4.61 4.81 4.99 5.10 5.12 4.76 3.68 3.61 3.40 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 3.76 4.08 5.82 6.06 2.50 2.61 2.37 3.02 4.00 3.20 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 6.55 5.71 2.07 1.87 -5.01 -0.58 8.57 5.20 4.58 2.38 Gabon ................................................... 4.58 4.57 6.90 7.01 8.30 7.48 5.52 5.12 4.53 3.49 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 1.35 3.52 6.30 8.59 3.57 3.98 4.40 4.98 4.10 3.70

NORTHERN AFRICA 4.36 4.33 4.57 3.89 3.66 3.60 3.84 3.36 2.91 2.54 Algeria ................................................... 5.35 5.20 6.18 3.81 3.48 4.75 5.16 4.34 3.68 2.84 Egypt ..................................................... 4.20 4.07 3.95 2.91 2.73 2.36 2.41 2.07 1.60 1.77 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 5.24 6.88 7.87 11.90 8.94 6.54 6.05 2.58 2.11 2.12 Morocco ................................................ 3.63 3.88 4.36 4.36 4.24 4.23 4.28 3.68 2.98 1.97 Sudan .................................................... 6.70 6.76 6.67 6.67 5.66 4.20 5.49 5.83 5.82 5.30 Tunisia ................................................... 3.54 3.03 3.00 3.85 3.81 3.83 3.79 3.76 2.94 1.90 Western Sahara ..................................... 8.70 8.80 11.77 11.21 6.78 18.87 5.67 4.15 3.43 3.16

SOUTHERN AFRICA 3.39 3.49 2.98 2.92 2.93 2.73 3.09 3.42 3.55 2.75 Botswana ............................................... 3.89 3.43 7.08 17.26 11.62 10.27 12.96 12.06 5.83 3.64 Lesotho ................................................. 8.23 13.31 14.22 8.13 6.72 3.53 3.08 5.13 5.33 5.09 Namibia ................................................. 4.92 5.09 4.69 4.75 4.08 3.30 3.61 5.47 4.62 4.17 South Africa ........................................... 3.35 3.43 2.87 2.78 2.78 2.60 2.90 3.13 3.45 2.66 Swaziland .............................................. 9.06 12.19 12.48 10.68 10.36 7.93 7.05 4.76 2.18 2.21

WESTERN AFRICA 6.01 7.18 6.46 5.26 5.07 5.22 4.99 4.80 4.48 4.31 Benin ..................................................... 7.55 7.87 7.79 7.96 7.98 7.31 5.77 5.55 4.90 3.88 Burkina Faso ......................................... 3.29 3.49 3.57 3.99 4.24 8.81 9.17 5.08 4.75 4.75 Cape Verde ........................................... 4.57 4.55 4.68 4.65 2.62 2.67 7.81 8.89 4.43 4.15 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 8.91 9.58 10.27 7.05 7.02 7.44 5.32 4.67 3.99 3.60 Gambia .................................................. 3.18 4.23 6.54 8.77 7.88 6.29 6.40 6.80 6.42 5.81 Ghana ................................................... 7.29 7.04 5.07 4.13 3.34 2.70 4.45 4.94 4.70 4.20 Guinea ................................................... 6.19 6.20 6.25 6.26 4.94 6.48 4.90 4.06 4.88 3.31 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 3.99 3.98 1.22 1.98 3.22 5.93 7.20 7.14 4.33 2.72 Liberia ................................................... 5.99 6.15 6.10 6.10 6.02 5.96 5.71 2.02 2.04 8.84


Table A.6. Average annual rate of change of the urban population (continued)



2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

2.07 1.98 1.91 1.81 1.70 1.60 1.46 1.33 1.20 1.08 WORLD




3.38 3.31 3.23 3.12 3.00 2.87 2.71 2.52 2.34 2.15 AFRICA

3.87 3.92 3.98 3.97 3.91 3.81 3.59 3.36 3.13 2.89 EASTERN AFRICA6.10 6.78 6.15 6.00 5.79 5.60 5.48 5.29 4.98 4.62 Burundi ..................................................2.51 2.67 2.88 3.10 3.35 3.53 3.35 3.07 2.79 2.52 Comoros (1) ...........................................2.59 2.20 1.95 1.76 1.77 1.60 1.41 1.24 1.10 0.98 Djibouti ..................................................5.88 5.35 5.35 4.77 4.35 4.05 3.83 3.59 3.30 2.96 Eritrea ...................................................4.09 4.29 4.37 4.39 4.35 4.26 4.01 3.75 3.49 3.22 Ethiopia .................................................3.60 3.99 4.21 4.21 4.21 4.03 3.80 3.53 3.24 2.96 Kenya ....................................................3.82 3.82 3.83 3.79 3.74 3.66 3.41 3.15 2.89 2.63 Madagascar ...........................................5.24 5.19 5.06 4.88 4.63 4.30 3.97 3.67 3.39 3.12 Malawi ...................................................0.73 0.91 1.15 1.38 1.55 1.60 1.40 1.21 1.04 0.90 Mauritius (2) ..........................................4.76 4.11 3.70 3.40 3.11 2.84 2.60 2.37 2.16 1.98 Mozambique ..........................................2.17 1.61 1.31 1.09 0.90 0.75 0.60 0.45 0.33 0.24 Réunion .................................................7.27 4.21 4.42 4.39 4.20 4.10 3.96 3.78 3.54 3.22 Rwanda .................................................1.76 1.39 1.34 1.59 1.41 1.26 1.11 0.94 0.75 0.58 Seychelles .............................................4.13 4.17 4.09 3.86 3.67 3.52 3.25 2.97 2.71 2.47 Somalia .................................................3.94 4.40 4.81 5.16 5.31 5.29 4.96 4.65 4.35 4.05 Uganda ..................................................4.19 4.20 4.18 4.02 3.89 3.72 3.44 3.13 2.82 2.52 United Republic of Tanzania ...................1.99 2.30 2.55 2.87 2.98 3.04 2.88 2.66 2.46 2.26 Zambia ..................................................1.93 2.24 2.41 2.42 2.35 2.24 2.07 1.94 1.83 1.70 Zimbabwe ..............................................









1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Mali ....................................................... 4.57 4.52 4.47 4.54 4.76 4.75 4.82 4.51 4.40 4.47 Mauritania .............................................. 10.61 10.39 10.17 9.92 9.58 8.39 7.56 5.03 2.77 2.93 Niger ..................................................... 5.13 4.89 6.46 8.34 8.40 6.41 4.53 4.18 3.95 4.13 Nigeria ................................................... 5.81 7.78 6.71 4.86 4.93 5.26 4.92 4.98 4.80 4.49 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... -0.32 -0.34 -0.33 -0.48 -0.47 0.11 0.27 -0.94 -1.55 2.17 Senegal ................................................. 5.32 5.52 5.56 5.66 5.34 3.94 3.90 3.73 3.17 3.06 Sierra Leone .......................................... 4.62 4.71 4.75 4.77 4.44 3.57 3.66 3.49 1.03 2.49 Togo ...................................................... 10.06 9.99 9.64 11.43 4.18 4.05 5.65 5.39 4.60 5.48

ASIA 3.50 3.64 3.76 3.44 3.37 3.80 3.81 3.80 3.13 2.91

EASTERN ASIA 3.66 3.81 3.78 3.01 2.56 3.39 3.57 4.05 3.09 2.84 China (4) ............................................... 3.60 3.95 3.93 2.42 2.21 3.90 4.47 4.99 3.79 3.55 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 4.64 4.22 3.94 1.61 2.62 3.12 1.91 2.26 1.78 1.42 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... -1.14 -1.16 4.04 4.04 0.10 0.05 4.07 3.98 2.05 1.40 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 2.47 5.06 4.67 6.58 3.31 1.47 1.91 1.72 1.76 1.45 Japan .................................................... 3.62 2.98 2.89 3.39 2.65 1.87 1.01 1.26 0.79 0.43 Mongolia ................................................ 7.91 8.28 5.95 4.11 4.38 4.14 3.86 3.69 1.43 0.58 Republic of Korea .................................. 5.21 5.64 5.74 6.84 5.31 4.87 4.05 3.58 2.13 1.12

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 2.87 2.95 3.41 3.51 3.95 4.18 3.63 3.34 2.92 2.64 Afghanistan ............................................ 4.77 4.95 5.11 5.49 6.08 4.23 -0.89 2.06 8.84 4.04 Bangladesh ............................................ 3.79 4.10 6.30 6.56 7.65 10.59 5.75 4.83 4.03 3.66 Bhutan ................................................... 8.48 7.98 7.93 8.29 8.82 8.37 7.46 7.33 2.98 6.20 India ...................................................... 2.36 2.29 2.98 3.14 3.75 3.89 3.32 3.15 2.88 2.63 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 4.49 4.55 4.62 5.04 5.01 4.96 5.59 4.22 3.20 2.50 Kazakhstan ............................................ 5.64 6.26 4.75 3.23 2.41 1.67 1.80 1.02 -0.88 -1.12 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 4.67 4.88 4.34 3.71 2.52 2.13 1.89 1.50 0.11 0.96 Maldives ................................................ 2.29 2.41 2.51 2.92 9.96 7.85 5.71 3.49 2.63 3.49 Nepal ..................................................... 4.12 4.19 3.19 3.13 6.16 6.88 6.15 5.97 6.66 6.57 Pakistan ................................................ 4.50 4.64 3.70 3.67 3.93 4.24 4.52 4.29 3.27 3.26 Sri Lanka ............................................... 3.23 3.74 3.86 4.40 2.01 1.04 0.52 0.44 0.20 -0.22 Tajikistan ............................................... 4.27 4.31 4.92 4.11 2.40 2.05 2.26 2.02 -0.13 -0.39 Turkmenistan ......................................... 2.57 3.55 3.72 3.20 2.73 2.34 1.95 2.14 2.78 1.67 Uzbekistan ............................................. 3.57 4.08 4.33 3.93 4.35 3.48 2.56 2.15 1.36 0.89

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 3.93 4.15 3.98 4.02 3.96 4.00 4.29 4.11 3.97 3.91 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 10.71 9.62 8.37 7.88 4.40 2.96 3.66 3.96 3.59 3.17 Cambodia .............................................. 2.24 2.40 3.48 10.21 -25.28 13.20 10.46 3.59 5.56 5.84 Indonesia ............................................... 3.30 3.70 3.81 3.91 4.80 4.89 5.36 4.95 4.54 4.73 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 3.66 3.50 3.43 5.41 5.43 3.51 4.66 5.21 5.18 6.84 Malaysia ................................................ 5.52 5.56 5.44 4.90 4.80 4.52 4.36 4.51 4.82 4.59 Myanmar ............................................... 3.69 3.89 3.92 4.02 3.42 2.27 2.14 2.29 2.42 2.64 Philippines ............................................. 4.11 4.14 3.93 3.78 4.29 3.75 5.21 4.89 4.31 3.72 Singapore .............................................. 5.02 4.48 2.81 1.97 1.73 1.30 2.30 2.15 2.85 2.88 Thailand ................................................. 4.66 4.77 3.65 3.50 5.06 4.48 2.60 2.25 1.73 1.63 Timor-Leste ........................................... 1.79 1.79 3.71 4.47 4.62 -0.47 4.88 4.65 4.33 0.72 Viet Nam ................................................ 4.23 4.57 4.70 4.54 2.76 2.48 2.51 2.95 3.89 3.30

WESTERN ASIA 5.06 4.96 4.89 4.79 4.57 4.10 4.90 3.88 2.78 2.57 Armenia ................................................. 4.82 5.33 4.95 4.13 3.51 2.57 1.83 1.31 -2.23 -1.28 Azerbaijan .............................................. 4.08 4.18 3.67 2.94 2.65 1.93 1.86 1.65 0.96 0.49 Bahrain .................................................. 6.09 4.82 4.08 3.09 4.56 5.14 3.75 3.74 3.23 2.36 Cyprus ................................................... 4.01 3.50 1.71 2.40 2.78 4.36 3.12 1.64 1.80 1.64 Georgia ................................................. 2.99 2.84 2.66 2.11 1.68 1.49 1.66 1.09 -2.07 -1.73 Iraq ........................................................ 4.57 5.77 6.49 5.33 5.16 4.57 3.86 2.83 2.84 2.66 Israel ..................................................... 6.58 5.39 4.89 3.25 3.52 2.72 2.00 2.03 3.60 2.61 Jordan ................................................... 9.96 9.21 5.50 8.28 4.13 3.56 5.92 5.41 7.18 2.19 Kuwait ................................................... 7.77 8.21 11.66 10.72 6.89 7.41 5.13 4.42 -4.32 5.14 Lebanon ................................................ 4.76 6.23 6.61 5.34 4.65 2.25 2.25 1.48 3.61 1.83 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 2.43 2.72 3.79 0.30 4.58 4.18 4.65 4.58 4.63 4.00 Oman .................................................... 8.62 8.57 8.73 8.69 9.17 9.55 8.68 6.69 4.90 1.99 Qatar ..................................................... 7.53 5.70 9.30 9.54 8.72 5.96 9.21 5.65 2.75 3.38 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 6.27 6.22 7.56 8.17 8.29 8.04 7.81 5.73 2.85 2.92 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 4.29 4.71 4.81 4.91 4.14 4.20 4.24 3.68 3.23 3.06 Turkey ................................................... 5.56 4.72 4.15 4.69 4.27 3.36 5.99 4.32 2.76 2.48 United Arab Emirates ............................. 5.90 5.28 9.96 9.39 17.65 13.27 6.35 5.43 5.10 5.65 Yemen ................................................... 6.39 6.43 5.93 5.70 4.28 5.49 5.91 6.50 7.17 5.17





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050


2.62 2.46 2.31 2.15 1.97 1.79 1.59 1.42 1.25 1.08 ASIA

2.53 2.23 1.99 1.72 1.43 1.16 0.92 0.71 0.54 0.39 EASTERN ASIA3.10 2.70 2.37 2.03 1.67 1.36 1.08 0.85 0.67 0.50 China (4) ...............................................1.15 1.00 0.86 0.75 0.65 0.54 0.42 0.30 0.19 0.11 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) .....................1.40 0.70 0.68 0.62 0.48 0.26 0.05 -0.13 -0.26 -0.36 China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................1.04 0.90 0.98 1.05 0.98 0.78 0.55 0.38 0.28 0.21 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..0.36 0.24 0.16 0.08 0.01 -0.04 -0.12 -0.22 -0.30 -0.37 Japan ....................................................0.93 1.22 1.55 1.59 1.54 1.37 1.19 1.02 0.85 0.65 Mongolia ................................................0.75 0.62 0.45 0.31 0.17 -0.01 -0.21 -0.40 -0.57 -0.71 Republic of Korea ..................................

2.42 2.53 2.63 2.67 2.64 2.54 2.33 2.14 1.94 1.71 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)5.26 5.43 4.92 4.67 4.67 4.55 4.25 3.91 3.59 3.28 Afghanistan ............................................3.58 3.45 3.41 3.33 3.22 3.01 2.74 2.49 2.23 1.97 Bangladesh ............................................6.60 4.88 4.32 3.45 2.82 2.22 1.88 1.68 1.50 1.29 Bhutan ...................................................2.35 2.39 2.50 2.57 2.60 2.56 2.33 2.13 1.92 1.69 India ......................................................1.81 2.10 2.00 1.79 1.41 1.17 1.06 0.96 0.81 0.60 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................0.63 1.19 1.27 1.17 1.01 0.90 0.85 0.77 0.65 0.46 Kazakhstan ............................................1.24 1.56 1.78 1.88 1.91 1.91 1.78 1.58 1.36 1.12 Kyrgyzstan .............................................5.62 5.29 4.63 3.88 3.11 2.43 2.07 1.88 1.68 1.43 Maldives ................................................5.27 4.87 4.67 4.42 4.13 3.83 3.56 3.30 3.03 2.75 Nepal .....................................................2.82 3.04 3.27 3.28 3.11 2.80 2.55 2.33 2.10 1.85 Pakistan ................................................

-0.31 0.46 1.13 1.74 2.27 2.47 2.23 2.01 1.81 1.61 Sri Lanka ...............................................1.11 1.61 2.33 2.66 2.86 2.98 2.76 2.48 2.26 2.06 Tajikistan ...............................................2.05 2.23 2.21 2.10 1.89 1.67 1.50 1.34 1.16 0.96 Turkmenistan .........................................1.15 1.58 1.98 2.17 2.28 2.19 2.01 1.81 1.58 1.34 Uzbekistan .............................................

3.47 3.06 2.63 2.25 1.95 1.73 1.52 1.32 1.12 0.94 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA2.94 2.63 2.32 2.03 1.79 1.63 1.48 1.32 1.17 1.04 Brunei Darussalam .................................4.84 4.64 4.48 4.19 3.79 3.42 3.14 2.90 2.67 2.39 Cambodia ..............................................4.04 3.34 2.70 2.14 1.74 1.52 1.32 1.11 0.90 0.70 Indonesia ...............................................6.02 5.56 4.80 4.07 3.36 2.70 2.29 1.98 1.77 1.56 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........3.69 3.00 2.44 1.98 1.57 1.29 1.13 0.99 0.84 0.69 Malaysia ................................................2.68 2.88 2.70 2.51 2.31 2.08 1.84 1.61 1.39 1.18 Myanmar ...............................................3.45 3.04 2.60 2.23 1.90 1.65 1.42 1.20 1.04 0.89 Philippines .............................................1.49 1.19 0.92 0.64 0.55 0.38 0.12 -0.13 -0.30 -0.37 Singapore ..............................................1.49 1.66 1.75 1.83 1.88 1.73 1.52 1.31 1.11 0.93 Thailand .................................................6.75 5.00 4.99 4.75 4.59 4.38 4.09 3.81 3.55 3.27 Timor-Leste ...........................................3.13 3.08 3.02 2.91 2.79 2.60 2.35 2.10 1.84 1.59 Viet Nam ................................................

2.35 2.19 2.12 1.99 1.85 1.71 1.56 1.40 1.26 1.12 WESTERN ASIA-0.74 -0.32 0.04 0.20 0.21 0.14 0.00 -0.11 -0.25 -0.42 Armenia .................................................0.64 1.00 1.21 1.29 1.22 1.11 0.93 0.78 0.64 0.46 Azerbaijan ..............................................2.19 1.83 1.63 1.46 1.31 1.19 1.03 0.86 0.70 0.57 Bahrain ..................................................1.43 1.33 1.38 1.39 1.32 1.20 1.08 0.99 0.91 0.83 Cyprus ...................................................

-1.15 -0.61 -0.15 -0.04 0.14 0.16 0.06 -0.11 -0.26 -0.40 Georgia .................................................1.95 1.68 2.64 2.50 2.40 2.34 2.14 1.91 1.73 1.55 Iraq ........................................................1.94 1.68 1.44 1.24 1.15 1.08 0.97 0.84 0.71 0.58 Israel .....................................................2.90 3.09 1.53 1.71 1.70 1.56 1.37 1.17 1.02 0.85 Jordan ...................................................3.86 2.46 2.06 1.79 1.57 1.40 1.26 1.12 0.96 0.79 Kuwait ...................................................1.37 1.20 1.10 0.98 0.88 0.74 0.59 0.47 0.37 0.26 Lebanon ................................................3.59 3.30 3.10 2.96 2.82 2.64 2.39 2.15 1.93 1.73 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................0.83 2.04 2.13 2.08 1.95 1.77 1.54 1.36 1.21 1.05 Oman ....................................................5.21 2.19 1.83 1.54 1.21 1.08 0.95 0.81 0.65 0.50 Qatar .....................................................2.81 2.51 2.31 2.10 1.86 1.63 1.40 1.19 1.04 0.92 Saudi Arabia ..........................................3.29 3.13 2.55 2.44 2.27 2.08 1.89 1.68 1.51 1.29 Syrian Arab Republic .............................2.13 1.95 1.73 1.51 1.31 1.11 0.95 0.80 0.65 0.50 Turkey ...................................................4.66 2.93 2.32 2.15 1.95 1.79 1.65 1.50 1.34 1.15 United Arab Emirates .............................4.91 4.86 4.75 4.52 4.18 3.86 3.57 3.32 3.05 2.77 Yemen ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

EUROPE 2.04 2.04 2.00 1.59 1.51 1.18 0.79 0.74 0.34 0.11

EASTERN EUROPE 3.69 3.26 2.64 2.04 2.02 1.66 1.32 1.00 0.03 -0.34 Belarus .................................................. 2.05 3.29 4.25 3.85 3.51 2.81 2.50 1.81 0.59 0.16 Bulgaria ................................................. 3.78 3.78 5.03 3.36 2.45 1.84 1.01 0.23 -0.66 -0.55 Czech Republic ...................................... 1.78 1.45 1.15 0.94 2.11 1.94 0.10 -0.05 -0.14 -0.35 Hungary ................................................. 1.54 0.86 1.08 1.07 1.07 0.95 0.04 -0.18 -0.26 -0.42 Moldova ................................................. 5.89 6.11 5.35 4.52 3.75 3.05 2.87 1.86 -0.24 -1.85 Poland ................................................... 4.27 3.72 2.10 1.54 1.99 1.89 1.52 0.92 0.33 -0.01 Romania ................................................ 4.95 3.24 2.61 2.59 2.17 2.34 1.96 1.81 -0.18 -0.66 Russian Federation ................................ 3.68 3.34 2.76 1.93 1.94 1.48 1.31 1.09 0.06 -0.24 Slovakia ................................................. 2.95 2.82 3.05 2.81 3.28 3.19 1.61 1.28 0.42 -0.02 Ukraine .................................................. 4.51 3.76 2.75 2.44 1.96 1.52 1.28 0.88 -0.14 -0.81

NORTHERN EUROPE 0.60 0.77 1.12 0.89 1.61 1.17 0.35 0.37 0.32 0.34 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 0.07 0.06 0.32 0.36 -0.24 -0.90 0.61 0.75 -0.26 0.34 Denmark ................................................ 1.25 1.77 1.65 1.39 1.12 0.63 0.11 0.22 0.37 0.44 Estonia .................................................. 2.58 2.35 2.48 2.25 1.76 1.18 0.99 0.64 -2.03 -1.14 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 1.61 4.27 4.75 3.00 2.69 1.81 0.69 0.67 -1.24 4.27 Finland (9) ............................................. 2.93 2.60 3.45 2.87 3.41 0.82 0.50 0.87 0.46 0.18 Iceland .................................................. 3.05 3.06 2.33 1.74 1.73 1.27 1.42 1.34 1.16 1.12 Ireland ................................................... 1.40 0.34 1.52 1.73 2.19 1.98 1.13 0.09 0.88 1.47 Isle of Man ............................................. -0.65 -1.19 1.33 2.05 0.16 1.08 -0.22 1.74 0.54 1.26 Latvia .................................................... 1.95 2.33 2.77 2.13 1.91 1.34 0.96 0.84 -1.49 -1.11 Lithuania ................................................ 3.83 4.06 3.72 3.28 3.34 2.54 1.99 1.61 -0.46 -0.80 Norway (10) ........................................... 0.88 0.76 3.63 3.36 1.49 1.07 0.54 0.60 1.04 1.20 Sweden ................................................. 1.75 1.50 1.89 1.79 0.78 0.37 0.10 0.49 0.79 0.14 United Kingdom ..................................... 0.16 0.38 0.58 0.30 1.59 1.27 0.25 0.25 0.32 0.39

SOUTHERN EUROPE 1.95 1.85 2.15 2.00 1.65 1.48 0.68 0.48 0.48 0.49 Albania .................................................. 7.91 5.78 3.33 2.98 2.94 2.77 2.80 2.88 0.45 0.96 Andorra ................................................. 12.44 11.15 10.25 8.06 6.50 4.81 5.45 2.05 3.85 0.26 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 5.39 4.81 4.94 4.48 3.80 3.42 2.16 1.75 -3.71 3.06 Croatia .................................................. 3.69 3.33 3.34 3.01 2.76 2.60 1.30 0.86 0.98 -0.46 Gibraltar ................................................ 0.50 0.47 1.54 1.16 0.63 0.87 0.04 0.18 0.34 0.05 Greece .................................................. 2.43 2.27 2.57 2.55 1.61 2.13 0.84 0.59 1.10 0.74 Holy See (11) ......................................... 0.02 — -1.16 -5.54 2.36 -0.08 0.57 0.61 0.28 0.15 Italy ....................................................... 1.63 1.50 1.57 1.42 1.01 0.66 0.11 0.01 0.26 0.23 Malta ..................................................... 0.35 -0.06 -0.52 -0.18 0.11 1.28 1.22 1.02 1.08 0.89 Montenegro ........................................... 5.44 5.52 5.31 3.95 4.40 4.00 2.79 2.91 3.30 3.31 Portugal ................................................. 1.58 1.74 1.38 0.31 1.92 2.39 1.64 1.07 1.38 1.64 San Marino ............................................ 2.78 3.44 4.59 3.83 4.13 4.18 2.93 1.62 1.51 1.34 Serbia .................................................... 5.08 4.47 4.05 3.71 2.50 2.29 1.65 1.46 1.47 -0.04 Slovenia ................................................. 4.36 3.99 3.46 3.08 3.56 3.52 1.19 0.76 0.48 0.25 Spain ..................................................... 1.70 1.69 2.62 2.54 2.14 1.91 0.86 0.53 0.41 0.53 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 5.79 4.15 4.66 4.22 2.76 2.49 1.18 1.61 1.42 1.30

WESTERN EUROPE 1.24 1.49 1.62 1.14 0.65 0.26 0.31 0.71 0.75 0.41 Austria ................................................... 0.21 0.46 0.71 0.61 0.32 -0.06 0.13 0.46 0.82 0.16 Belgium ................................................. 0.65 0.75 0.78 0.53 0.44 0.29 0.09 0.33 0.38 0.29 France ................................................... 1.78 2.25 2.91 1.96 1.26 0.54 0.61 0.63 0.74 0.56 Germany ................................................ 1.03 1.18 1.01 0.66 0.21 -0.02 -0.19 0.56 0.60 0.10 Liechtenstein ......................................... 1.98 2.28 1.47 1.57 1.59 1.53 0.75 0.52 0.77 -0.51 Luxembourg ........................................... 0.94 0.91 1.76 1.12 1.90 0.99 0.30 0.88 1.81 1.56 Monaco ................................................. 0.39 1.63 0.55 0.81 1.20 0.72 1.68 1.21 0.95 0.26 Netherlands ........................................... 1.87 1.93 1.69 1.47 1.43 1.18 1.08 1.21 1.83 1.66 Switzerland ............................................ 2.61 2.84 2.98 2.22 0.49 -0.16 3.34 3.20 0.96 0.29

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 4.44 4.36 4.39 4.01 3.81 3.53 2.98 2.67 2.38 2.18

CARIBBEAN 2.73 2.83 3.47 3.11 3.15 2.62 2.15 2.23 2.30 1.96 Anguilla ................................................. 1.32 1.10 1.27 1.49 1.03 0.17 0.87 4.10 2.66 1.71 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 5.54 3.32 0.76 0.77 2.19 -0.86 -1.07 -1.56 1.02 1.33 Aruba .................................................... 2.74 2.33 1.80 1.00 0.77 0.55 1.18 -0.33 4.69 0.81 Bahamas ............................................... 4.04 5.66 5.70 4.85 3.09 3.00 3.06 2.59 2.16 1.83 Barbados ............................................... 1.69 0.49 0.59 0.51 1.13 0.77 -1.05 -1.07 1.70 1.50 British Virgin Islands ............................... 1.36 1.81 5.01 5.19 4.48 4.47 8.79 9.08 3.04 2.16 Cayman Islands ..................................... 1.16 3.91 1.68 1.68 5.39 5.55 3.46 4.80 4.46 4.04 Cuba ..................................................... 2.32 2.08 2.46 2.14 2.86 1.99 1.34 1.68 0.85 0.74





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.21 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.09 0.03 -0.03 EUROPE

-0.47 -0.43 -0.34 -0.27 -0.23 -0.20 -0.23 -0.28 -0.35 -0.42 EASTERN EUROPE0.11 0.02 -0.05 -0.16 -0.28 -0.38 -0.47 -0.56 -0.65 -0.74 Belarus ..................................................

-0.26 -0.30 -0.37 -0.44 -0.52 -0.59 -0.67 -0.74 -0.82 -0.92 Bulgaria .................................................-0.18 -0.03 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.02 -0.08 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 Czech Republic ......................................0.28 0.31 0.26 0.22 0.16 0.10 0.02 -0.03 -0.06 -0.07 Hungary .................................................

-2.26 -1.54 -0.49 -0.01 0.36 0.63 0.56 0.43 0.32 0.19 Moldova .................................................-0.21 -0.25 -0.07 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.01 -0.12 -0.23 -0.33 Poland ...................................................-0.40 -0.08 0.00 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.09 -0.05 -0.18 -0.33 Romania ................................................-0.59 -0.55 -0.47 -0.41 -0.35 -0.29 -0.27 -0.30 -0.35 -0.40 Russian Federation ................................-0.02 0.24 0.40 0.51 0.56 0.46 0.29 0.16 0.05 -0.06 Slovakia .................................................-0.62 -0.66 -0.59 -0.52 -0.48 -0.46 -0.47 -0.54 -0.62 -0.71 Ukraine ..................................................

0.54 0.54 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.46 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.28 NORTHERN EUROPE0.43 0.64 0.84 1.06 1.25 1.40 1.48 1.39 1.20 1.07 Channel Islands (8) ................................0.48 0.51 0.40 0.34 0.31 0.24 0.15 0.06 0.01 0.00 Denmark ................................................

-0.38 -0.32 -0.19 -0.09 -0.05 -0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03 -0.02 Estonia ..................................................2.57 2.02 1.93 1.85 1.76 1.65 1.49 1.32 1.20 1.09 Faeroe Islands .......................................0.67 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.71 0.63 0.50 0.41 0.37 0.35 Finland (9) .............................................1.02 0.85 0.78 0.61 0.55 0.47 0.37 0.27 0.18 0.09 Iceland ..................................................2.15 2.25 1.73 1.60 1.47 1.39 1.32 1.23 1.12 0.97 Ireland ...................................................0.21 -0.18 0.01 0.19 0.35 0.47 0.54 0.61 0.59 0.52 Isle of Man .............................................

-0.68 -0.46 -0.32 -0.22 -0.18 -0.10 -0.16 -0.20 -0.20 -0.23 Latvia ....................................................-0.55 -0.38 -0.19 -0.12 -0.11 -0.02 -0.08 -0.16 -0.22 -0.28 Lithuania ................................................0.98 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.83 0.73 0.62 0.55 0.51 Norway (10) ...........................................0.45 0.53 0.54 0.59 0.58 0.51 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.40 Sweden .................................................0.54 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.47 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.27 0.25 United Kingdom .....................................

0.91 0.67 0.54 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.35 0.30 0.22 0.12 SOUTHERN EUROPE1.89 1.93 1.90 1.70 1.47 1.23 1.03 0.86 0.69 0.51 Albania ..................................................1.55 -0.15 -0.30 -0.35 -0.28 -0.14 -0.16 -0.29 -0.48 -0.68 Andorra .................................................1.80 1.35 1.06 0.91 0.72 0.54 0.38 0.21 0.06 -0.08 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................0.51 0.37 0.24 0.30 0.34 0.28 0.16 0.06 -0.00 -0.07 Croatia ..................................................1.22 0.08 0.04 0.02 -0.03 -0.15 -0.25 -0.30 -0.32 -0.32 Gibraltar ................................................0.43 0.55 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.58 0.51 0.44 0.36 0.27 Greece ..................................................

-0.10 0.05 — — -0.23 -0.29 -0.29 -0.03 0.13 0.21 Holy See (11) .........................................0.44 0.35 0.31 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.27 0.21 0.13 0.05 Italy .......................................................0.97 0.65 0.55 0.44 0.31 0.17 0.04 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 Malta .....................................................

-1.06 -0.84 -0.11 0.26 0.46 0.67 0.70 0.63 0.55 0.46 Montenegro ...........................................1.73 1.41 1.09 0.82 0.62 0.50 0.41 0.32 0.21 0.11 Portugal .................................................2.42 0.86 0.59 0.34 0.25 0.17 0.09 0.01 -0.08 -0.16 San Marino ............................................

-0.39 0.47 0.64 0.75 0.84 0.85 0.77 0.69 0.60 0.50 Serbia ....................................................-0.33 -0.63 -0.31 -0.01 0.29 0.57 0.60 0.47 0.34 0.22 Slovenia .................................................1.64 0.95 0.62 0.47 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.23 0.11 Spain .....................................................1.03 0.81 0.64 0.51 0.35 0.18 0.03 -0.11 -0.23 -0.33 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

0.55 0.43 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.29 0.22 0.15 0.12 WESTERN EUROPE0.65 0.67 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.48 0.39 0.32 0.27 Austria ...................................................0.43 0.27 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.04 -0.03 -0.08 -0.11 Belgium .................................................0.85 0.77 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.56 0.50 0.42 0.34 0.28 France ...................................................0.16 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 Germany ................................................0.20 0.45 1.08 1.75 2.40 2.98 3.09 2.92 2.74 2.61 Liechtenstein .........................................0.66 0.99 1.04 1.15 1.28 1.34 1.26 1.15 1.07 1.03 Luxembourg ...........................................0.30 0.33 0.39 0.45 0.43 0.33 0.23 0.18 0.19 0.24 Monaco .................................................1.37 0.87 0.64 0.52 0.50 0.43 0.34 0.23 0.14 0.11 Netherlands ...........................................0.43 0.47 0.52 0.61 0.67 0.69 0.62 0.54 0.50 0.51 Switzerland ............................................


1.83 1.63 1.51 1.37 1.21 1.02 0.87 0.72 0.58 0.44 CARIBBEAN1.74 1.41 1.31 1.10 0.89 0.71 0.59 0.47 0.34 0.22 Anguilla .................................................0.68 0.90 1.40 1.90 2.35 2.38 2.17 1.95 1.73 1.53 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................2.56 0.12 0.72 0.73 0.82 0.91 0.94 0.89 0.72 0.58 Aruba ....................................................1.54 1.44 1.35 1.19 1.07 0.94 0.80 0.63 0.52 0.43 Bahamas ...............................................1.48 1.52 1.55 1.52 1.44 1.21 0.93 0.68 0.46 0.26 Barbados ...............................................1.64 1.68 1.81 1.97 2.07 1.91 1.63 1.37 1.15 0.98 British Virgin Islands ...............................2.50 1.50 0.92 0.80 0.69 0.57 0.41 0.25 0.12 0.03 Cayman Islands .....................................0.21 0.03 0.11 0.20 0.24 0.15 -0.01 -0.19 -0.35 -0.51 Cuba .....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Dominica ............................................... 3.15 1.60 6.51 6.09 4.28 4.19 0.43 -0.30 0.45 0.41 Dominican Republic ............................... 5.57 5.70 6.25 5.78 5.27 4.70 3.14 2.48 2.78 3.29 Grenada ................................................ 1.06 1.33 1.64 0.55 -0.21 -0.46 2.05 -1.06 0.12 0.10 Guadeloupe ........................................... 2.36 3.09 1.64 1.26 0.72 0.31 1.75 1.94 0.74 0.72 Haiti ....................................................... 4.26 4.37 4.39 4.29 2.39 2.15 4.80 6.21 4.62 3.57 Jamaica ................................................. 5.39 4.33 3.67 3.16 2.72 2.34 2.18 1.03 1.43 1.29 Martinique .............................................. 2.48 6.25 6.40 4.89 3.27 2.09 3.72 2.35 0.84 0.58 Montserrat ............................................. 1.10 -3.30 -3.75 -3.56 1.21 1.16 -1.02 -1.07 -0.47 -17.59 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 0.79 0.59 2.58 2.48 1.59 1.51 1.47 1.43 0.55 -0.58 Puerto Rico ............................................ 1.17 1.92 4.72 3.49 3.04 2.96 1.76 1.72 4.70 2.39 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 1.41 1.54 1.40 0.18 0.25 -0.03 -0.91 -0.98 0.62 0.76 Saint Lucia ............................................. 2.04 1.85 2.46 2.64 2.10 2.49 2.40 2.68 1.36 -0.26 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 1.86 2.26 8.21 7.17 1.14 1.14 5.00 4.77 1.81 1.16 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 0.47 0.96 -2.57 -2.18 -0.04 0.42 -0.76 -1.61 3.15 2.85 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 0.68 2.04 0.51 0.55 3.75 3.59 8.05 6.46 7.12 5.28 United States Virgin Islands .................... 1.44 1.85 10.65 7.02 7.40 4.01 2.24 0.52 1.33 1.13

CENTRAL AMERICA 4.69 4.77 4.68 4.53 4.21 3.70 2.89 2.63 2.55 2.25 Belize .................................................... 2.76 2.73 2.23 2.17 1.41 1.13 2.13 2.20 2.85 2.79 Costa Rica ............................................. 3.35 3.56 4.30 4.43 3.63 3.53 3.89 4.76 4.36 3.58 El Salvador ............................................ 3.12 3.44 3.40 3.81 3.75 3.34 1.92 2.47 3.78 3.49 Guatemala ............................................. 5.01 4.81 4.45 3.59 3.36 2.82 3.38 3.29 3.27 3.23 Honduras ............................................... 5.52 5.60 5.66 5.02 4.98 4.78 4.63 4.20 3.58 3.08 Mexico ................................................... 4.82 4.89 4.76 4.60 4.32 3.76 2.83 2.49 2.32 2.02 Nicaragua .............................................. 4.17 4.36 4.54 5.03 3.85 3.49 3.11 2.64 2.83 2.26 Panama ................................................. 4.01 4.24 4.40 4.30 3.27 3.03 2.84 2.72 4.19 3.84

SOUTH AMERICA 4.58 4.41 4.40 3.94 3.75 3.56 3.09 2.72 2.33 2.17 Argentina ............................................... 3.25 2.82 2.29 2.10 2.19 1.98 2.03 1.90 1.72 1.48 Bolivia .................................................... 2.88 2.99 3.03 3.11 3.20 4.27 4.27 4.14 3.63 2.92 Brazil ..................................................... 5.31 5.00 5.23 4.64 4.42 4.11 3.37 2.85 2.33 2.36 Chile ...................................................... 3.72 3.84 3.57 2.99 2.51 2.13 1.93 1.86 2.03 1.73 Colombia ............................................... 6.25 6.00 5.49 4.24 3.66 3.47 3.23 2.80 2.50 2.15 Ecuador ................................................. 4.47 4.55 4.52 4.37 4.43 4.90 4.40 3.88 3.03 2.39 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... -0.62 -0.62 -0.17 0.04 0.09 0.15 1.85 4.51 5.47 4.62 French Guiana ....................................... 4.05 4.11 4.87 4.22 3.55 4.44 5.61 6.09 3.59 3.57 Guyana .................................................. 3.13 3.48 2.66 2.05 1.04 1.07 -0.50 -0.94 -0.09 -0.45 Paraguay ............................................... 2.85 2.88 3.03 3.08 3.43 3.97 4.45 4.34 3.80 3.36 Peru ...................................................... 3.91 4.00 4.93 4.83 4.15 3.66 3.09 2.77 2.23 1.58 Suriname ............................................... 3.10 3.05 2.65 1.78 1.05 1.66 4.43 2.33 1.22 1.49 Uruguay ................................................. 1.46 1.64 1.46 1.09 0.39 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.06 0.79 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 6.87 6.35 5.33 4.68 4.51 4.27 3.43 3.18 2.83 2.66

NORTHERN AMERICA 2.66 2.61 2.00 1.63 0.98 1.00 1.23 1.28 1.57 1.51 Bermuda ................................................ 1.74 1.91 1.77 1.16 0.95 0.65 0.62 0.68 0.54 0.46 Canada .................................................. 4.22 3.58 2.96 2.72 1.26 1.17 1.24 1.45 1.41 1.38 Greenland .............................................. 4.62 5.95 6.08 5.31 1.76 0.71 1.63 1.32 0.31 0.41 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 1.51 1.49 1.02 1.51 1.65 0.52 0.32 0.44 0.07 0.06 United States of America ........................ 2.53 2.52 1.90 1.52 0.95 0.98 1.23 1.26 1.59 1.52

OCEANIA 2.89 2.85 2.90 2.56 1.82 1.35 1.38 1.56 1.60 1.38

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 2.81 2.75 2.77 2.33 1.63 1.21 1.22 1.43 1.55 1.33 Australia (13) ......................................... 2.86 2.75 2.77 2.41 1.51 1.40 1.29 1.47 1.54 1.39 New Zealand .......................................... 2.56 2.73 2.80 1.96 2.19 0.35 0.90 1.24 1.62 1.04

MELANESIA 6.20 6.69 6.95 8.37 5.03 3.48 3.50 3.25 2.14 1.90 Fiji ......................................................... 5.03 5.13 5.13 3.59 3.13 2.47 2.63 1.96 2.98 2.07 New Caledonia ....................................... 5.23 6.84 6.72 5.60 5.52 2.84 2.18 2.18 2.66 2.69 Papua New Guinea ................................ 9.22 9.39 9.60 13.84 6.25 3.99 3.97 3.92 1.36 1.38 Solomon Islands .................................... 6.77 7.09 7.56 7.28 4.10 6.39 6.67 4.77 4.25 4.14 Vanuatu ................................................. 4.58 4.71 4.80 4.56 4.87 4.89 4.91 4.73 4.33 3.40

MICRONESIA 3.81 4.05 4.66 4.90 6.18 3.81 3.65 3.31 2.56 1.86 Guam .................................................... 3.12 3.22 4.41 4.54 8.21 4.50 1.98 1.95 1.94 1.50 Kiribati ................................................... 6.05 6.48 6.51 7.04 6.12 4.16 3.45 3.59 2.25 4.99 Marshall Islands ..................................... 5.73 5.12 6.91 7.84 7.03 2.79 5.73 5.18 2.02 0.92 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 4.48 4.32 4.26 4.29 1.37 3.34 2.99 2.08 1.56 -2.34 Nauru .................................................... 4.07 4.04 5.16 2.47 1.70 1.15 1.75 2.27 1.71 0.15





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.31 0.19 0.54 0.58 0.78 0.56 0.33 0.19 0.11 0.02 Dominica ...............................................2.94 2.55 2.19 1.88 1.58 1.31 1.11 0.92 0.74 0.58 Dominican Republic ...............................0.61 0.29 0.88 1.42 1.76 1.64 1.27 0.97 0.75 0.52 Grenada ................................................0.77 0.67 0.51 0.39 0.29 0.17 0.05 -0.09 -0.23 -0.36 Guadeloupe ...........................................5.28 4.54 3.77 3.09 2.51 2.07 1.85 1.65 1.45 1.25 Haiti .......................................................1.03 0.94 1.01 1.07 1.06 1.00 0.79 0.57 0.36 0.17 Jamaica .................................................0.53 0.30 0.16 0.07 -0.05 -0.19 -0.37 -0.55 -0.74 -0.91 Martinique ..............................................6.61 2.24 2.37 2.57 2.82 3.02 2.87 2.66 2.46 2.25 Montserrat .............................................1.01 1.61 0.73 0.35 0.12 -0.09 -0.25 -0.38 -0.49 -0.62 Netherlands Antilles ...............................1.20 0.78 0.60 0.48 0.37 0.26 0.15 0.06 0.01 -0.02 Puerto Rico ............................................0.93 1.41 1.85 2.19 2.46 2.40 2.16 1.95 1.75 1.54 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................0.83 1.38 1.74 2.02 2.24 2.43 2.33 2.14 1.93 1.70 Saint Lucia .............................................1.20 1.29 1.27 1.17 1.04 0.85 0.60 0.33 -0.00 -0.37 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........2.78 2.90 2.99 2.97 2.86 2.66 2.43 2.23 2.01 1.77 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................6.36 2.16 1.50 1.10 0.86 0.66 0.49 0.32 0.14 -0.01 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................0.50 0.19 0.00 -0.14 -0.34 -0.60 -0.87 -1.09 -1.22 -1.30 United States Virgin Islands ....................


1.95 1.70 1.48 1.26 1.07 0.91 0.76 0.63 0.51 0.39 SOUTH AMERICA1.26 1.22 1.10 0.96 0.82 0.69 0.57 0.50 0.42 0.34 Argentina ...............................................2.73 2.48 2.25 2.02 1.81 1.60 1.39 1.20 1.03 0.86 Bolivia ....................................................2.14 1.80 1.48 1.21 0.99 0.82 0.67 0.55 0.43 0.31 Brazil .....................................................1.50 1.31 1.15 0.97 0.81 0.65 0.51 0.37 0.26 0.15 Chile ......................................................1.92 1.67 1.52 1.38 1.23 1.07 0.89 0.73 0.58 0.44 Colombia ...............................................2.26 2.09 2.03 1.77 1.51 1.27 1.07 0.88 0.70 0.56 Ecuador .................................................1.53 1.17 0.87 0.60 0.39 0.24 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.21 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................3.15 2.61 2.44 2.34 2.21 2.00 1.77 1.56 1.39 1.24 French Guiana .......................................

-0.13 -0.05 0.23 0.69 1.09 1.17 0.71 0.19 -0.27 -0.65 Guyana ..................................................3.08 2.81 2.54 2.27 2.01 1.78 1.57 1.38 1.20 1.04 Paraguay ...............................................1.34 1.30 1.49 1.42 1.33 1.23 1.09 0.92 0.75 0.62 Peru ......................................................1.22 1.03 0.85 0.65 0.47 0.29 0.07 -0.18 -0.44 -0.68 Suriname ...............................................0.18 0.41 0.45 0.47 0.39 0.32 0.25 0.18 0.10 0.02 Uruguay .................................................2.39 2.03 1.73 1.46 1.23 1.04 0.88 0.73 0.58 0.47 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

1.42 1.31 1.20 1.08 0.96 0.86 0.77 0.69 0.62 0.58 NORTHERN AMERICA0.41 0.25 0.15 0.11 0.05 -0.04 -0.14 -0.23 -0.30 -0.32 Bermuda ................................................1.17 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.87 0.78 0.69 0.63 0.60 Canada ..................................................0.73 0.87 0.84 0.77 0.60 0.39 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.10 Greenland ..............................................0.10 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.10 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................1.45 1.34 1.22 1.09 0.96 0.86 0.77 0.69 0.62 0.57 United States of America ........................

1.45 1.25 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.05 0.95 0.87 0.81 0.77 OCEANIA


1.82 2.04 2.31 2.67 3.11 3.19 3.03 2.84 2.67 2.51 MELANESIA1.66 1.60 1.43 1.26 1.32 1.18 1.00 0.79 0.58 0.38 Fiji .........................................................2.27 2.10 1.92 1.78 1.63 1.48 1.32 1.17 1.03 0.90 New Caledonia .......................................1.45 1.90 2.50 3.22 3.93 4.07 3.81 3.54 3.30 3.08 Papua New Guinea ................................4.10 4.12 4.11 4.13 4.13 3.93 3.65 3.36 3.07 2.78 Solomon Islands ....................................4.09 4.10 4.05 3.99 3.90 3.65 3.36 3.07 2.79 2.51 Vanuatu .................................................

1.98 1.64 1.54 1.52 1.46 1.37 1.24 1.10 0.96 0.85 MICRONESIA1.66 1.31 1.21 1.13 1.03 0.90 0.73 0.57 0.44 0.36 Guam ....................................................2.09 1.80 1.99 2.19 2.32 2.35 2.14 1.88 1.67 1.50 Kiribati ...................................................2.17 2.71 2.35 1.94 1.55 1.32 1.25 1.10 0.82 0.48 Marshall Islands .....................................0.55 0.75 1.36 1.99 2.47 2.70 2.54 2.24 1.94 1.72 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............0.14 0.29 0.62 0.46 0.31 0.17 0.05 -0.05 -0.16 -0.25 Nauru ....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 4.42 6.68 4.65 6.86 5.66 3.77 11.96 7.85 5.48 3.71 Palau ..................................................... 3.00 3.34 2.22 1.77 1.81 0.80 3.64 2.47 3.18 2.02

POLYNESIA 4.99 4.16 4.49 4.65 2.21 2.01 2.19 1.93 1.50 1.39 American Samoa .................................... 1.45 1.12 3.90 3.52 2.46 2.07 4.76 4.35 3.26 2.42 Cook Islands .......................................... 2.46 2.97 1.52 3.15 -0.64 -2.88 -0.17 1.28 0.97 -0.76 French Polynesia ................................... 4.95 4.80 5.70 6.27 3.73 3.22 2.79 1.81 1.14 1.36 Niue ....................................................... 0.79 0.67 1.12 -0.67 -1.98 -0.83 -1.53 -4.08 0.23 -2.21 Pitcairn .................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Samoa ................................................... 8.75 4.77 3.27 3.35 1.71 0.78 0.27 0.55 1.11 1.44 Tokelau ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Tonga .................................................... 7.33 6.25 5.92 4.14 -0.86 1.50 0.13 0.80 0.74 0.39 Tuvalu ................................................... 5.05 5.33 5.56 4.57 4.13 3.85 4.20 5.14 2.36 1.66 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — — — — — — — — — —






2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050


1.50 1.56 1.63 1.79 1.86 1.82 1.62 1.39 1.19 1.02 POLYNESIA2.87 2.37 1.97 1.72 1.55 1.38 1.15 0.90 0.75 0.66 American Samoa ....................................

-0.70 -0.68 -0.41 0.51 0.31 0.46 0.60 0.44 0.38 0.42 Cook Islands ..........................................1.31 1.30 1.48 1.60 1.67 1.64 1.45 1.29 1.13 0.97 French Polynesia ...................................

-1.07 -0.17 0.20 0.69 1.43 1.75 1.51 1.33 1.09 0.95 Niue .......................................................— — — — — — — — — — Pitcairn ..................................................

1.17 1.73 1.91 2.23 2.59 2.70 2.39 1.96 1.56 1.26 Samoa ...................................................— — — — — — — — — — Tokelau .................................................

0.94 1.63 1.89 2.68 2.80 2.60 2.37 2.13 1.88 1.63 Tonga ....................................................1.38 1.34 1.38 1.49 1.51 1.40 1.16 0.94 0.79 0.71 Tuvalu ...................................................



Table A.7. Average annual rate of change of the rural populationby major area, region and country, 1950-2050



1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

WORLD 1.27 1.21 1.39 1.63 1.55 1.16 1.12 1.04 0.91 0.68

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) -0.12 -0.30 -0.44 -0.75 -0.58 -0.47 -0.21 -0.23 -0.27 -0.32 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) 1.63 1.58 1.78 2.08 1.90 1.41 1.30 1.20 1.06 0.79 Least developed countries (c) 1.78 1.96 2.01 2.06 2.14 1.88 2.10 2.16 2.20 1.94 Other less developed countries (d) 1.61 1.52 1.74 2.08 1.87 1.33 1.17 1.04 0.84 0.55



AFRICA 1.78 1.82 1.83 2.02 2.12 2.25 2.32 2.18 1.99 1.87

EASTERN AFRICA 2.11 2.26 2.38 2.46 2.43 2.42 2.61 2.65 2.19 2.43 Burundi .................................................. 1.76 1.77 1.74 1.75 0.76 2.07 3.17 2.84 1.64 1.09 Comoros (1) ........................................... 1.75 1.27 1.18 2.14 2.43 3.43 2.70 2.23 2.73 2.88 Djibouti .................................................. 0.67 1.77 3.89 3.75 3.50 5.09 1.47 5.80 -1.51 -0.82 Eritrea ................................................... 1.77 2.07 2.21 2.36 2.52 2.88 2.36 2.23 0.15 2.45 Ethiopia ................................................. 1.92 2.07 2.32 2.46 2.53 1.44 2.90 3.00 3.00 2.58 Kenya .................................................... 2.61 2.80 2.93 3.00 3.03 3.08 3.48 3.21 2.92 2.46 Madagascar ........................................... 2.04 2.09 2.12 2.19 2.11 2.19 2.23 2.17 2.36 2.62 Malawi ................................................... 1.82 2.06 2.27 2.32 2.76 2.97 2.88 4.94 0.93 2.38 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 2.46 2.25 1.46 0.19 1.04 1.98 1.01 0.23 1.47 1.27 Mozambique .......................................... 1.46 1.70 1.85 1.94 1.70 1.69 1.01 -0.75 1.92 1.39 Réunion ................................................. 2.03 1.38 1.36 2.19 -0.04 -2.60 -5.60 -9.03 -4.15 -4.56 Rwanda ................................................. 2.73 2.93 2.00 3.21 2.94 3.13 3.26 3.37 -5.75 6.18 Seychelles ............................................. 2.57 0.94 1.16 -0.84 0.43 0.51 0.29 1.45 0.78 0.90 Somalia ................................................. 1.66 1.65 1.70 1.85 2.02 8.67 -0.41 0.31 -1.97 1.91 Uganda .................................................. 2.53 2.62 3.09 3.04 2.78 2.90 2.77 3.31 3.35 2.92 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 2.47 2.66 2.79 2.65 2.49 2.35 2.59 2.59 2.78 2.03 Zambia .................................................. 1.82 1.88 1.68 1.23 2.01 1.71 3.27 3.10 3.37 3.14 Zimbabwe .............................................. 2.86 2.93 2.82 2.61 2.78 2.70 3.10 2.41 1.56 0.81

MIDDLE AFRICA 1.54 1.75 1.54 1.64 2.09 2.42 2.49 2.42 2.59 1.65 Angola ................................................... 1.48 1.68 1.41 1.43 1.26 1.47 1.71 0.49 0.82 0.59 Cameroon .............................................. 1.38 1.40 1.54 1.62 0.86 1.66 1.63 1.58 1.15 0.68 Central African Republic ......................... 0.81 0.86 1.05 1.08 0.60 1.88 2.29 1.92 2.61 2.14 Chad ..................................................... 1.73 1.80 1.80 1.44 1.49 1.31 2.26 2.87 2.85 3.00 Congo ................................................... 1.17 1.31 1.51 1.68 1.68 1.41 1.27 1.99 1.92 1.84 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 1.81 2.13 1.67 1.91 3.26 3.38 3.10 3.17 3.39 1.83 Equatorial Guinea .................................. -0.14 -0.17 1.06 1.41 -5.48 -1.04 6.56 0.81 1.06 2.40 Gabon ................................................... -0.35 -0.36 -0.96 -1.22 -1.12 -1.93 -0.86 -0.89 -1.70 -2.06 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... -0.70 1.46 -1.25 0.48 1.57 2.30 0.43 0.34 0.09 -0.14

NORTHERN AFRICA 1.55 1.58 1.39 1.71 1.84 2.06 2.04 1.57 1.31 1.13 Algeria ................................................... 1.05 0.90 -0.19 2.24 2.78 2.11 1.59 1.04 0.53 -0.29 Egypt ..................................................... 1.59 1.45 1.58 1.65 1.71 2.03 2.35 2.45 2.14 1.91 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 0.87 2.51 1.87 -1.40 -1.79 -0.04 0.63 2.28 1.82 1.70 Morocco ................................................ 2.05 2.30 2.00 2.00 1.44 1.30 1.36 0.78 0.33 0.65 Sudan .................................................... 1.73 1.79 1.70 1.70 2.33 2.90 2.59 1.23 1.25 1.02 Tunisia ................................................... 0.90 1.07 1.13 0.75 0.50 1.44 1.16 0.43 0.01 0.23 Western Sahara ..................................... 8.60 8.71 7.29 6.24 -8.19 2.79 -3.09 1.02 1.70 8.50

SOUTHERN AFRICA 1.62 1.66 2.25 2.24 2.46 2.33 2.10 1.12 1.45 0.81 Botswana ............................................... 2.66 2.20 2.39 2.14 2.39 2.66 0.67 -1.60 0.13 0.24 Lesotho ................................................. 1.30 1.24 1.22 1.53 1.65 2.26 2.49 1.17 0.75 1.07 Namibia ................................................. 1.49 1.66 1.92 2.05 2.55 1.76 2.25 4.16 2.52 1.78 South Africa ........................................... 1.57 1.65 2.37 2.33 2.54 2.35 2.14 1.00 1.48 0.71 Swaziland .............................................. 2.37 2.34 1.81 1.94 2.05 2.17 2.05 3.48 2.02 1.91

WESTERN AFRICA 1.72 1.54 1.54 1.81 1.88 2.07 2.09 2.09 2.01 1.85 Benin ..................................................... 0.82 1.14 1.06 1.23 1.26 1.43 2.42 2.19 2.92 2.53 Burkina Faso ......................................... 1.18 1.37 1.45 1.87 2.12 1.73 1.64 2.47 2.62 2.57 Cape Verde ........................................... 2.67 2.65 2.73 2.70 0.34 0.26 -0.24 -1.92 0.69 0.42 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 2.68 2.54 2.02 3.27 3.16 3.27 4.18 3.44 2.64 1.83 Gambia .................................................. 1.30 2.35 2.37 1.69 2.10 2.18 2.06 2.18 1.84 1.58 Ghana ................................................... 2.17 2.03 2.03 1.23 2.30 1.65 2.86 1.81 1.56 1.06 Guinea ................................................... 1.33 1.34 1.39 1.40 0.08 1.62 1.70 2.64 3.47 1.82 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 0.52 0.51 -0.03 0.73 1.98 3.55 1.15 1.08 2.70 2.84 Liberia ................................................... 1.69 1.85 1.81 1.81 1.71 1.61 1.37 -2.07 -1.73 5.40


Table A.7. Average annual rate of change of the rural population (continued)



2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.48 0.37 0.22 0.04 -0.18 -0.43 -0.65 -0.82 -1.00 -1.18 WORLD

-0.34 -0.52 -0.77 -1.01 -1.27 -1.50 -1.63 -1.69 -1.75 -1.80 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)0.57 0.46 0.32 0.14 -0.09 -0.35 -0.57 -0.76 -0.95 -1.14 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b)1.83 1.69 1.49 1.26 0.99 0.71 0.46 0.22 -0.03 -0.29 Least developed countries (c)0.30 0.16 0.02 -0.17 -0.40 -0.68 -0.92 -1.11 -1.30 -1.49 Other less developed countries (d)

Less developed regions, excluding 1.08 0.94 0.74 0.50 0.22 -0.07 -0.31 -0.51 -0.71 -0.92 China

1.80 1.66 1.48 1.25 0.98 0.72 0.49 0.25 0.01 -0.23 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

1.70 1.58 1.40 1.16 0.88 0.61 0.38 0.15 -0.08 -0.31 AFRICA

2.21 2.13 1.92 1.63 1.30 0.98 0.72 0.47 0.21 -0.05 EASTERN AFRICA3.01 3.58 2.83 2.56 2.26 2.07 1.95 1.76 1.44 1.08 Burundi ..................................................2.70 2.37 1.93 1.49 1.09 0.70 0.44 0.17 -0.12 -0.39 Comoros (1) ...........................................

-1.66 -1.40 -0.99 -0.52 -0.02 -0.16 -0.35 -0.52 -0.66 -0.78 Djibouti ..................................................3.72 2.70 2.22 1.52 1.10 0.80 0.57 0.34 0.05 -0.29 Eritrea ...................................................2.32 2.16 1.95 1.68 1.35 1.00 0.71 0.45 0.19 -0.07 Ethiopia .................................................2.35 2.29 2.05 1.60 1.16 0.87 0.64 0.38 0.09 -0.20 Kenya ....................................................2.44 2.19 1.86 1.50 1.12 0.74 0.45 0.19 -0.08 -0.33 Madagascar ...........................................2.07 1.97 1.79 1.56 1.26 0.93 0.60 0.30 0.02 -0.25 Malawi ...................................................1.04 0.69 0.32 -0.06 -0.50 -0.92 -1.13 -1.32 -1.49 -1.64 Mauritius (2) ..........................................1.29 0.71 0.42 0.24 0.08 -0.07 -0.29 -0.52 -0.72 -0.91 Mozambique ..........................................

-4.11 -3.52 -2.67 -1.74 -0.91 -0.92 -1.07 -1.22 -1.34 -1.43 Réunion .................................................1.54 2.44 2.31 1.92 1.39 0.95 0.72 0.55 0.31 -0.01 Rwanda .................................................0.30 -0.58 -1.02 -0.79 -0.97 -1.11 -1.27 -1.44 -1.63 -1.80 Seychelles .............................................2.41 2.21 1.89 1.42 0.99 0.69 0.42 0.14 -0.12 -0.35 Somalia .................................................3.08 3.07 2.95 2.77 2.39 1.97 1.63 1.31 1.02 0.72 Uganda ..................................................2.07 1.89 1.67 1.29 0.94 0.62 0.33 0.02 -0.29 -0.59 United Republic of Tanzania ...................1.81 1.69 1.43 1.24 0.84 0.42 0.13 -0.09 -0.29 -0.49 Zambia ..................................................0.07 0.20 0.17 -0.03 -0.30 -0.56 -0.74 -0.87 -0.98 -1.11 Zimbabwe ..............................................

1.92 1.79 1.61 1.40 1.23 1.01 0.73 0.44 0.14 -0.14 MIDDLE AFRICA0.84 0.70 0.72 0.63 0.61 0.55 0.32 0.09 -0.13 -0.34 Angola ...................................................0.46 0.10 -0.07 -0.21 -0.30 -0.36 -0.51 -0.70 -0.88 -1.05 Cameroon ..............................................1.49 1.54 1.30 0.87 0.45 0.05 -0.18 -0.37 -0.55 -0.75 Central African Republic .........................3.12 2.23 1.91 1.65 1.53 1.23 0.91 0.58 0.29 0.00 Chad .....................................................1.48 1.11 1.00 0.67 0.39 0.15 -0.05 -0.24 -0.43 -0.61 Congo ...................................................2.29 2.28 2.04 1.79 1.55 1.29 0.98 0.64 0.31 -0.01 Democratic Republic of the Congo .........2.30 2.13 1.95 1.63 1.15 0.74 0.48 0.26 0.03 -0.18 Equatorial Guinea ..................................

-2.07 -1.73 -1.07 -0.50 -0.59 -0.74 -0.90 -1.04 -1.17 -1.29 Gabon ...................................................-0.39 -0.48 -0.35 -0.07 -0.06 -0.12 -0.34 -0.58 -0.81 -1.01 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................

0.95 0.95 0.72 0.43 0.07 -0.28 -0.58 -0.78 -0.98 -1.19 NORTHERN AFRICA-0.35 -0.31 -0.32 -0.42 -0.59 -0.87 -1.09 -1.25 -1.37 -1.52 Algeria ...................................................1.81 1.70 1.34 0.91 0.46 0.02 -0.34 -0.56 -0.78 -1.00 Egypt .....................................................1.49 1.18 0.73 0.15 -0.30 -0.55 -0.65 -0.70 -0.81 -0.98 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ..........................0.41 0.40 0.22 -0.04 -0.37 -0.73 -0.97 -1.15 -1.30 -1.45 Morocco ................................................0.50 0.65 0.45 0.27 -0.06 -0.32 -0.58 -0.84 -1.08 -1.32 Sudan ....................................................0.02 -0.07 -0.25 -0.44 -0.66 -0.94 -1.14 -1.30 -1.44 -1.58 Tunisia ...................................................

10.16 2.61 2.12 1.65 0.07 -0.27 -0.54 -0.71 -0.83 -0.96 Western Sahara .....................................

0.01 -0.56 -0.79 -0.88 -1.00 -1.12 -1.25 -1.37 -1.47 -1.54 SOUTHERN AFRICA-0.65 -0.63 -0.75 -0.81 -0.83 -0.89 -1.03 -1.10 -1.18 -1.28 Botswana ...............................................0.14 -0.33 -0.45 -0.63 -0.80 -0.94 -1.10 -1.28 -1.45 -1.62 Lesotho .................................................0.63 0.40 0.15 0.02 -0.24 -0.53 -0.78 -0.97 -1.13 -1.29 Namibia .................................................

-0.05 -0.67 -0.92 -1.00 -1.10 -1.22 -1.34 -1.45 -1.54 -1.60 South Africa ...........................................1.01 0.26 -0.07 -0.29 -0.58 -0.71 -0.83 -0.93 -1.03 -1.16 Swaziland ..............................................

1.62 1.38 1.19 0.95 0.70 0.46 0.25 0.03 -0.18 -0.40 WESTERN AFRICA2.67 2.33 1.91 1.53 1.09 0.72 0.45 0.19 -0.07 -0.32 Benin .....................................................2.76 2.37 2.13 1.83 1.51 1.19 0.87 0.56 0.24 -0.06 Burkina Faso .........................................0.57 0.42 0.26 0.10 -0.05 -0.18 -0.39 -0.61 -0.84 -1.06 Cape Verde ...........................................0.52 0.55 0.48 0.26 0.02 -0.19 -0.39 -0.58 -0.77 -0.95 Côte d'Ivoire ..........................................1.13 0.70 0.48 0.34 0.10 -0.14 -0.38 -0.62 -0.84 -1.05 Gambia ..................................................0.83 0.52 0.32 0.10 -0.09 -0.31 -0.53 -0.75 -0.96 -1.16 Ghana ...................................................1.29 1.44 1.76 1.40 1.04 0.75 0.47 0.20 -0.07 -0.33 Guinea ...................................................3.08 2.86 2.75 2.51 2.19 1.81 1.50 1.15 0.82 0.52 Guinea-Bissau .......................................0.52 2.80 1.32 1.15 0.98 0.79 0.56 0.28 -0.01 -0.28 Liberia ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Mali ....................................................... 1.61 1.57 1.52 1.58 1.80 1.62 1.63 1.83 2.02 2.07 Mauritania .............................................. 2.25 2.02 1.81 1.55 1.21 0.88 0.42 1.03 2.64 2.80 Niger ..................................................... 3.26 3.02 3.02 2.79 2.59 2.68 2.71 2.87 3.34 3.51 Nigeria ................................................... 1.71 1.34 1.37 1.77 1.83 2.16 1.83 1.89 1.73 1.47 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.53 0.55 1.13 1.28 0.08 -0.55 3.09 Senegal ................................................. 1.71 1.91 1.95 2.05 1.93 2.11 2.36 2.55 2.46 2.36 Sierra Leone .......................................... 0.89 0.98 1.02 1.04 0.86 1.23 1.33 2.24 -0.11 1.35 Togo ...................................................... 1.10 1.03 0.68 2.82 2.27 2.13 3.05 2.50 1.71 2.58

ASIA 1.56 1.47 1.74 2.08 1.91 1.30 1.15 1.03 0.89 0.59

EASTERN ASIA 1.43 0.99 1.49 2.26 1.98 0.79 0.40 0.17 -0.07 -0.40 China (4) ............................................... 1.59 1.10 1.70 2.65 2.21 0.93 0.47 0.31 -0.03 -0.43 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 4.64 4.22 1.93 -0.72 -1.31 -1.07 -2.11 -52.80 — — China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 3.18 3.16 -0.32 -1.20 -6.91 -7.14 -13.41 -15.42 -17.40 — Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. -1.55 1.04 0.66 -0.73 1.29 1.31 1.30 1.11 1.14 0.59 Japan .................................................... 0.15 -0.49 -0.58 -1.27 -0.28 -0.39 0.18 -0.89 -0.54 -0.08 Mongolia ................................................ 0.47 -0.22 0.52 1.72 1.49 1.40 1.48 2.08 1.61 0.77 Republic of Korea .................................. 1.76 2.19 1.31 -0.39 -0.64 -2.11 -2.82 -4.91 -2.71 -0.54

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 1.65 1.87 1.92 1.94 1.87 1.80 1.98 1.95 1.83 1.52 Afghanistan ............................................ 1.33 1.51 1.67 1.82 1.86 0.34 -2.76 0.19 6.97 2.17 Bangladesh ............................................ 1.89 2.18 2.27 2.25 1.98 1.21 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.49 Bhutan ................................................... 2.95 2.45 2.41 2.76 3.29 2.83 1.93 1.80 -2.55 0.67 India ...................................................... 1.60 1.82 1.83 1.89 1.82 1.85 1.94 1.87 1.79 1.55 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 1.57 1.63 1.70 1.56 1.32 1.79 2.63 1.85 -0.01 -0.88 Kazakhstan ............................................ 2.20 3.17 2.45 0.68 0.55 0.40 0.29 0.81 -0.60 -1.41 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 0.64 1.59 2.87 2.32 1.91 1.76 2.10 2.01 1.33 1.79 Maldives ................................................ 1.71 1.83 1.94 2.07 1.19 1.59 2.14 3.13 2.84 1.37 Nepal ..................................................... 1.41 1.48 1.71 1.95 1.99 1.98 2.02 2.02 2.06 1.81 Pakistan ................................................ 1.61 1.75 2.10 2.25 2.33 2.49 3.27 3.12 2.09 2.05 Sri Lanka ............................................... 2.74 2.57 2.17 1.90 2.05 1.95 1.58 1.52 1.28 0.86 Tajikistan ............................................... 2.50 2.54 3.15 2.61 3.56 3.15 3.21 3.46 2.49 2.00 Turkmenistan ......................................... 1.99 2.97 3.14 2.69 2.91 2.72 2.84 2.89 2.59 1.22 Uzbekistan ............................................. 2.41 2.92 3.17 2.69 2.34 2.08 2.64 2.61 2.77 1.90

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 1.74 2.03 2.17 2.10 1.91 1.53 1.32 1.05 0.66 0.13 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 3.30 2.21 0.95 0.47 4.13 4.73 1.67 0.84 1.04 0.79 Cambodia .............................................. 2.14 2.30 2.33 1.25 3.03 -1.99 2.85 3.59 2.87 1.64 Indonesia ............................................... 1.42 1.82 1.94 2.04 1.77 1.49 0.99 0.52 0.05 -0.71 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 2.65 2.49 2.42 2.22 2.29 1.01 2.15 2.60 2.35 1.00 Malaysia ................................................ 1.94 2.17 2.17 1.62 1.13 0.86 1.23 1.38 0.08 -0.61 Myanmar ............................................... 1.61 1.75 1.74 1.84 2.18 2.16 1.95 1.57 1.10 0.72 Philippines ............................................. 2.56 2.60 2.71 2.53 2.00 2.09 0.57 0.27 0.11 0.04 Singapore .............................................. — — — — — — — — — — Thailand ................................................. 2.47 2.63 2.97 2.69 1.75 1.27 1.28 0.95 0.91 0.81 Timor-Leste ........................................... 1.22 1.58 1.61 1.59 1.73 -3.36 2.00 1.76 2.34 -1.21 Viet Nam ................................................ 1.54 1.89 2.08 1.92 2.12 1.88 2.10 2.08 1.56 0.97

WESTERN ASIA 1.63 1.62 1.43 1.10 1.29 1.56 0.56 0.71 1.61 1.44 Armenia ................................................. 1.32 1.84 1.45 0.65 0.35 0.46 0.88 0.95 -1.17 -0.23 Azerbaijan .............................................. 1.74 2.27 2.80 1.98 1.14 1.22 1.28 1.45 2.20 1.30 Bahrain .................................................. -4.59 -3.40 3.83 1.27 2.74 3.32 1.93 1.92 2.75 2.39 Cyprus ................................................... 0.27 0.56 -0.49 0.24 -2.52 -4.79 -2.01 -0.22 0.65 1.07 Georgia ................................................. 0.89 0.74 0.56 0.05 0.04 -0.19 -0.11 0.12 -1.11 -0.77 Iraq ........................................................ 2.40 1.38 0.25 0.90 0.84 0.99 0.92 1.95 3.71 3.53 Israel ..................................................... 6.58 -0.70 -0.04 -1.29 -0.42 -0.86 -0.59 0.84 2.41 1.20 Jordan ................................................... 4.77 3.06 2.79 6.90 2.76 1.67 0.48 -0.21 0.75 2.13 Kuwait ................................................... 0.81 2.68 6.69 1.80 0.03 -7.96 -13.77 3.39 -5.34 4.09 Lebanon ................................................ 0.92 1.16 -0.32 -1.59 -1.82 -4.19 -4.18 -3.39 1.08 -0.07 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ -0.37 -0.08 -0.11 -4.03 0.25 1.79 2.26 2.19 2.24 2.97 Oman .................................................... 1.27 1.22 1.07 1.04 1.52 1.89 1.03 -0.96 -0.30 2.09 Qatar ..................................................... 3.34 1.51 5.93 7.40 7.67 5.02 7.61 0.38 -3.12 0.03 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 1.09 1.03 0.93 0.09 0.48 1.64 1.41 1.57 0.45 1.49 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 1.54 1.96 2.06 2.17 2.75 2.88 3.29 2.84 2.32 1.81 Turkey ................................................... 1.69 1.90 1.69 1.22 1.47 1.57 -0.98 -1.16 0.31 0.23 United Arab Emirates ............................. -2.49 -3.12 7.68 7.11 15.37 11.89 7.49 6.32 5.95 6.28 Yemen ................................................... 1.53 1.57 1.67 1.43 1.73 2.94 3.36 3.25 3.90 2.49





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

2.25 2.18 1.98 1.71 1.38 1.05 0.71 0.40 0.12 -0.17 Mali .......................................................2.74 2.18 1.64 1.16 0.69 0.36 0.12 -0.13 -0.39 -0.63 Mauritania ..............................................3.49 3.40 3.23 3.05 2.82 2.53 2.25 1.94 1.59 1.25 Niger .....................................................1.18 0.87 0.61 0.33 0.04 -0.21 -0.44 -0.65 -0.87 -1.08 Nigeria ...................................................1.56 1.05 0.54 0.00 -0.43 -0.63 -0.81 -1.02 -1.22 -1.39 Saint Helena (3) .....................................2.29 1.99 1.57 1.13 0.70 0.32 0.09 -0.15 -0.40 -0.64 Senegal .................................................3.82 1.53 1.61 1.40 1.15 0.83 0.57 0.31 0.06 -0.17 Sierra Leone ..........................................1.77 1.45 1.15 0.84 0.55 0.27 -0.02 -0.31 -0.60 -0.87 Togo ......................................................

0.35 0.20 0.05 -0.15 -0.39 -0.67 -0.91 -1.10 -1.29 -1.49 ASIA

-0.80 -0.97 -1.07 -1.18 -1.30 -1.52 -1.79 -2.01 -2.19 -2.35 EASTERN ASIA-0.83 -1.00 -1.08 -1.17 -1.28 -1.50 -1.77 -2.00 -2.19 -2.36 China (4) ...............................................


-0.15 -0.61 -0.85 -1.07 -1.18 -1.38 -1.61 -1.78 -1.88 -1.95 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..-0.30 -0.54 -0.89 -1.25 -1.59 -1.91 -2.10 -2.20 -2.29 -2.35 Japan ....................................................0.82 0.61 0.45 -0.01 -0.53 -0.82 -1.00 -1.17 -1.34 -1.54 Mongolia ................................................

-0.72 -0.90 -1.11 -1.30 -1.48 -1.68 -1.89 -2.07 -2.24 -2.39 Republic of Korea ..................................

1.31 1.08 0.82 0.49 0.13 -0.24 -0.50 -0.71 -0.93 -1.16 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)3.38 3.35 2.58 2.07 1.81 1.46 1.12 0.79 0.46 0.15 Afghanistan ............................................1.34 1.02 0.78 0.50 0.20 -0.09 -0.35 -0.61 -0.87 -1.13 Bangladesh ............................................1.07 -0.34 -0.39 -0.75 -0.86 -0.96 -1.18 -1.38 -1.56 -1.76 Bhutan ...................................................1.33 1.07 0.77 0.44 0.06 -0.33 -0.61 -0.81 -1.02 -1.25 India ......................................................

-0.62 -0.26 -0.29 -0.42 -0.72 -0.89 -0.99 -1.09 -1.24 -1.45 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................-0.04 0.04 -0.20 -0.52 -0.88 -1.20 -1.37 -1.45 -1.57 -1.76 Kazakhstan ............................................0.89 0.83 0.55 0.14 -0.33 -0.76 -0.96 -1.15 -1.38 -1.62 Kyrgyzstan .............................................

-0.23 -0.32 -0.38 -0.52 -0.70 -0.77 -0.89 -1.08 -1.29 -1.54 Maldives ................................................1.53 1.38 1.20 0.99 0.73 0.46 0.20 -0.06 -0.32 -0.61 Nepal .....................................................1.30 1.17 1.05 0.71 0.28 -0.05 -0.30 -0.51 -0.74 -1.00 Pakistan ................................................0.56 0.47 0.25 -0.02 -0.38 -0.72 -0.95 -1.17 -1.37 -1.57 Sri Lanka ...............................................1.21 1.47 1.52 1.18 0.72 0.19 -0.18 -0.46 -0.68 -0.89 Tajikistan ...............................................0.87 0.47 0.27 -0.03 -0.43 -0.81 -1.01 -1.17 -1.34 -1.54 Turkmenistan .........................................1.64 1.36 1.04 0.52 -0.09 -0.47 -0.64 -0.84 -1.07 -1.31 Uzbekistan .............................................

-0.10 -0.27 -0.42 -0.56 -0.67 -0.86 -1.08 -1.30 -1.51 -1.71 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA0.58 0.36 0.15 -0.04 -0.18 -0.27 -0.42 -0.58 -0.74 -0.87 Brunei Darussalam .................................1.07 0.96 0.91 0.72 0.42 0.10 -0.18 -0.41 -0.65 -0.93 Cambodia ..............................................

-0.92 -1.10 -1.23 -1.26 -1.16 -1.26 -1.45 -1.66 -1.88 -2.07 Indonesia ...............................................0.18 0.06 -0.14 -0.32 -0.47 -0.60 -0.88 -1.18 -1.39 -1.60 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........

-1.26 -1.34 -1.28 -1.12 -0.91 -0.95 -1.11 -1.25 -1.40 -1.55 Malaysia ................................................0.15 -0.11 -0.31 -0.51 -0.71 -0.94 -1.17 -1.40 -1.62 -1.84 Myanmar ...............................................

-0.04 -0.17 -0.32 -0.41 -0.47 -0.64 -0.87 -1.10 -1.26 -1.41 Philippines .............................................— — — — — — — — — — Singapore ..............................................

0.42 0.17 -0.18 -0.52 -0.88 -1.14 -1.35 -1.56 -1.76 -1.94 Thailand .................................................4.82 2.94 2.69 2.22 1.83 1.40 1.05 0.77 0.51 0.23 Timor-Leste ...........................................0.88 0.65 0.41 0.13 -0.17 -0.48 -0.72 -0.97 -1.23 -1.48 Viet Nam ................................................

1.22 1.08 0.91 0.63 0.30 -0.03 -0.26 -0.44 -0.61 -0.79 WESTERN ASIA0.16 -0.01 -0.28 -0.75 -1.37 -1.81 -1.95 -2.06 -2.20 -2.37 Armenia .................................................0.37 0.48 0.26 -0.10 -0.60 -1.12 -1.40 -1.55 -1.69 -1.87 Azerbaijan ..............................................2.10 1.44 0.95 0.48 0.03 -0.21 -0.37 -0.54 -0.70 -0.83 Bahrain ..................................................0.80 0.43 0.20 -0.08 -0.42 -0.71 -0.83 -0.92 -1.00 -1.08 Cyprus ...................................................

-0.99 -0.99 -0.97 -1.29 -1.55 -1.97 -2.25 -2.41 -2.56 -2.71 Georgia .................................................2.79 2.14 2.53 1.83 1.17 0.57 0.23 0.01 -0.18 -0.36 Iraq ........................................................1.48 1.41 0.89 0.41 0.05 -0.24 -0.35 -0.48 -0.62 -0.74 Israel .....................................................2.84 2.83 0.94 0.78 0.44 -0.02 -0.29 -0.49 -0.64 -0.80 Jordan ...................................................2.78 1.34 0.90 0.59 0.37 0.20 0.06 -0.08 -0.24 -0.41 Kuwait ...................................................0.35 0.07 -0.15 -0.38 -0.60 -0.76 -0.91 -1.03 -1.13 -1.24 Lebanon ................................................3.47 2.85 2.27 1.74 1.23 0.82 0.56 0.33 0.11 -0.09 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................0.91 1.82 1.51 1.06 0.53 -0.00 -0.28 -0.47 -0.62 -0.77 Oman ....................................................3.13 0.23 0.04 -0.09 -0.27 -0.25 -0.36 -0.51 -0.66 -0.81 Qatar .....................................................1.38 1.05 0.81 0.55 0.27 -0.00 -0.24 -0.45 -0.61 -0.73 Saudi Arabia ..........................................2.04 1.79 0.98 0.65 0.26 -0.15 -0.44 -0.64 -0.82 -1.03 Syrian Arab Republic .............................

-0.13 -0.24 -0.42 -0.60 -0.76 -0.93 -1.09 -1.24 -1.39 -1.54 Turkey ...................................................4.78 2.54 1.42 0.73 0.33 0.16 0.02 -0.12 -0.28 -0.47 United Arab Emirates .............................2.24 2.15 1.97 1.67 1.26 0.88 0.58 0.32 0.06 -0.23 Yemen ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

EUROPE -0.18 -0.32 -0.52 -0.77 -1.05 -0.90 -0.51 -0.34 -0.14 -0.27

EASTERN EUROPE -0.13 -0.35 -0.63 -0.93 -1.26 -1.05 -0.82 -0.59 -0.14 -0.40 Belarus .................................................. -0.57 -0.06 -0.78 -1.02 -1.80 -1.92 -1.93 -1.79 -1.16 -1.71 Bulgaria ................................................. -0.65 -0.54 -2.12 -1.89 -1.80 -1.94 -1.14 -1.35 -1.92 -1.55 Czech Republic ...................................... -0.41 -0.74 -0.92 -1.11 -2.90 -3.35 -0.11 0.10 0.47 0.34 Hungary ................................................. 0.41 -0.34 -0.65 -0.66 -0.72 -0.73 -0.75 -0.84 0.30 0.14 Moldova ................................................. 1.52 1.74 0.98 0.21 0.05 -0.48 -0.24 -0.22 0.13 -0.47 Poland ................................................... 0.25 -0.07 0.31 -0.06 -0.55 -0.40 -0.01 -0.19 0.14 -0.20 Romania ................................................ 0.00 -0.04 -0.42 0.38 0.10 -0.29 -0.90 -1.05 -0.78 -0.28 Russian Federation ................................ -0.17 -0.51 -1.00 -1.52 -1.91 -1.16 -0.85 -0.31 0.08 -0.21 Slovakia ................................................. 1.35 1.23 -0.09 -0.57 -0.95 -1.12 -0.43 -0.59 0.38 0.22 Ukraine .................................................. -0.46 -0.64 -0.34 -0.92 -0.94 -1.24 -1.29 -0.96 -0.32 -0.98

NORTHERN EUROPE -0.08 -0.04 -0.13 -0.29 -3.45 -3.66 -0.53 -0.04 -0.22 -0.21 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 1.18 1.17 1.44 1.48 1.43 0.88 0.96 1.16 0.55 0.39 Denmark ................................................ -0.28 -2.25 -1.97 -1.79 -2.01 -1.60 -0.82 -0.54 0.16 0.25 Estonia .................................................. -0.59 -0.82 -0.69 -0.84 -0.61 -0.79 -0.02 0.29 -0.92 -0.59 Faeroe Islands ....................................... -0.07 0.79 0.09 0.55 0.39 1.00 1.08 0.83 -1.55 -0.58 Finland (9) ............................................. 0.18 -0.08 -1.39 -2.21 -3.05 -0.48 0.52 -0.48 0.51 0.39 Iceland .................................................. -1.15 -1.15 -0.88 -1.47 -1.17 -1.63 -1.24 -1.32 -1.03 -0.44 Ireland ................................................... -1.57 -1.37 -0.80 -0.68 0.65 0.61 0.37 -0.43 0.05 0.46 Isle of Man ............................................. -1.53 -2.07 0.37 2.44 2.92 1.58 -0.21 1.75 0.51 1.23 Latvia .................................................... -0.52 -0.35 -0.44 -1.08 -1.03 -1.26 -0.38 0.20 -1.02 -0.48 Lithuania ................................................ -1.06 -0.60 -0.38 -0.83 -1.59 -1.97 -1.35 -0.66 -0.19 -0.53 Norway (10) ........................................... 1.06 1.00 -2.54 -3.27 -1.02 -1.15 -0.20 -0.03 -0.79 -1.26 Sweden ................................................. -1.49 -1.62 -2.96 -3.02 -1.50 -0.13 0.08 0.49 -0.26 -0.16 United Kingdom ..................................... 0.48 0.70 1.31 1.10 -5.36 -7.21 -1.13 0.15 -0.30 -0.34

SOUTHERN EUROPE -0.15 -0.27 -0.64 -0.98 -0.37 -0.30 -0.14 -0.14 -0.25 -0.14 Albania .................................................. 0.87 2.03 2.83 2.51 2.05 1.82 1.63 1.71 -1.66 -1.40 Andorra ................................................. 4.46 3.18 -0.30 -2.49 -4.05 -5.74 -5.10 3.90 7.70 4.18 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 1.43 0.85 0.36 -0.20 -0.16 -0.41 0.39 0.35 -5.22 1.28 Croatia .................................................. -0.39 -0.75 -1.06 -1.44 -1.27 -1.36 -0.49 -0.54 0.28 -1.03 Gibraltar ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Greece .................................................. 0.15 -0.07 -1.18 -1.43 -0.65 0.16 0.26 0.26 0.73 0.37 Holy See (11) ......................................... — — — — — — — — — — Italy ....................................................... -0.60 -0.56 -0.51 -0.67 -0.19 -0.23 -0.06 0.10 0.09 -0.05 Malta ..................................................... -1.71 -0.71 0.15 0.10 0.02 1.18 1.13 -0.22 -0.25 -2.84 Montenegro ........................................... 0.82 0.90 0.69 -0.67 -0.21 -0.62 -1.83 -1.71 -0.97 -0.90 Portugal ................................................. -0.04 -0.04 -0.28 -1.34 0.27 0.74 -0.40 -1.04 -1.17 -1.00 San Marino ............................................ 0.48 1.14 0.18 -0.59 -6.30 -6.74 -8.17 -2.83 -1.59 -3.84 Serbia .................................................... 0.33 -0.28 -0.71 -1.05 -0.29 -0.15 -0.12 -0.18 1.07 -0.22 Slovenia ................................................. -0.21 -0.58 -0.61 -0.90 -0.93 -1.07 -0.04 0.12 0.29 0.14 Spain ..................................................... -0.15 -0.21 -1.27 -1.58 -1.10 -1.23 -0.61 -0.68 -0.14 0.08 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 0.57 -1.07 -0.77 -1.26 -0.04 0.17 -0.61 -0.10 -0.69 -0.89

WESTERN EUROPE -0.41 -0.46 -0.26 -0.36 -0.19 -0.15 -0.24 -0.12 -0.01 -0.16 Austria ................................................... -0.28 -0.03 0.46 0.39 0.25 -0.11 -0.02 0.28 0.78 0.16 Belgium ................................................. -0.70 -0.59 -1.25 -1.79 -1.88 -3.46 -2.55 -2.09 -2.04 -2.01 France ................................................... -0.60 -0.85 -1.63 -1.77 -0.59 0.18 0.24 0.21 -0.16 -0.35 Germany ................................................ -0.47 -0.45 0.44 0.34 -0.08 -0.31 -0.06 0.14 0.43 0.32 Liechtenstein ......................................... 1.39 2.18 2.68 2.89 1.76 1.60 1.64 1.49 1.41 1.52 Luxembourg ........................................... -0.13 -0.16 -0.56 -1.34 -1.29 -2.29 -0.50 0.52 -0.82 0.32 Monaco ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Netherlands ........................................... 0.36 0.46 0.86 0.71 0.13 -0.17 -0.68 -0.59 -2.16 -2.58 Switzerland ............................................ -0.03 0.15 0.42 -0.33 0.48 0.07 -3.52 -4.31 0.56 0.55

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 1.40 1.29 1.08 0.81 0.46 0.20 0.32 0.09 -0.00 -0.22

CARIBBEAN 1.39 1.39 1.24 0.90 0.49 0.31 0.61 0.37 -0.16 -0.24 Anguilla ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 1.13 -0.76 3.35 3.22 1.84 -1.21 -1.42 -1.92 2.31 2.99 Aruba .................................................... 2.80 2.39 1.86 1.06 0.83 0.61 1.24 -0.27 5.94 2.46 Bahamas ............................................... 0.16 2.26 3.74 1.82 0.06 -0.05 -0.75 -1.13 0.74 0.40 Barbados ............................................... 1.38 0.18 0.27 0.17 0.22 -0.04 2.02 1.85 0.09 -0.11 British Virgin Islands ............................... 0.48 0.78 1.42 1.60 0.64 0.05 2.03 1.82 1.73 2.09 Cayman Islands ..................................... — — — — — — — — — — Cuba ..................................................... 1.55 1.31 1.69 1.36 -0.51 -1.48 -1.33 -0.74 -0.09 -0.67





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-0.29 -0.50 -0.79 -1.08 -1.38 -1.65 -1.79 -1.85 -1.92 -1.98 EUROPE

-0.47 -0.59 -0.88 -1.21 -1.57 -1.93 -2.12 -2.19 -2.26 -2.34 EASTERN EUROPE-2.05 -2.13 -2.15 -2.19 -2.25 -2.29 -2.34 -2.43 -2.52 -2.62 Belarus ..................................................-1.55 -1.73 -1.92 -2.11 -2.32 -2.50 -2.58 -2.66 -2.74 -2.83 Bulgaria .................................................0.30 -0.05 -0.48 -0.94 -1.43 -1.71 -1.82 -1.88 -1.91 -1.95 Czech Republic ......................................

-1.25 -1.53 -1.62 -1.71 -1.81 -1.92 -2.01 -2.06 -2.09 -2.10 Hungary .................................................-0.63 -0.43 -0.23 -0.61 -1.10 -1.64 -1.92 -2.06 -2.16 -2.29 Moldova .................................................0.01 0.00 -0.34 -0.76 -1.24 -1.75 -2.05 -2.18 -2.29 -2.39 Poland ...................................................

-0.54 -0.88 -1.18 -1.41 -1.76 -2.07 -2.21 -2.34 -2.47 -2.62 Romania ................................................-0.16 -0.42 -0.78 -1.15 -1.52 -1.89 -2.05 -2.08 -2.12 -2.17 Russian Federation ................................0.02 -0.23 -0.58 -0.97 -1.43 -1.74 -1.90 -2.04 -2.15 -2.26 Slovakia .................................................

-1.21 -0.96 -1.22 -1.51 -1.84 -2.17 -2.40 -2.46 -2.54 -2.63 Ukraine ..................................................

-0.15 -0.29 -0.50 -0.69 -0.91 -1.10 -1.23 -1.29 -1.32 -1.36 NORTHERN EUROPE0.18 -0.01 -0.23 -0.42 -0.64 -0.91 -1.24 -1.50 -1.68 -1.82 Channel Islands (8) ................................

-0.74 -1.79 -1.73 -1.62 -1.49 -1.38 -1.40 -1.49 -1.54 -1.55 Denmark ................................................-0.38 -0.41 -0.66 -0.95 -1.30 -1.65 -1.84 -1.84 -1.84 -1.90 Estonia ..................................................-0.36 -0.25 -0.44 -0.61 -0.80 -1.01 -1.20 -1.37 -1.49 -1.60 Faeroe Islands .......................................-0.38 -0.55 -0.76 -0.97 -1.20 -1.46 -1.60 -1.69 -1.74 -1.76 Finland (9) .............................................0.94 0.70 0.39 -0.04 -0.35 -0.68 -0.94 -1.04 -1.13 -1.22 Iceland ..................................................1.05 1.01 0.29 -0.05 -0.38 -0.67 -0.82 -0.91 -1.02 -1.17 Ireland ...................................................0.72 0.26 0.01 -0.24 -0.51 -0.84 -1.20 -1.56 -1.75 -1.83 Isle of Man .............................................

-0.62 -0.62 -0.87 -1.17 -1.54 -1.86 -2.07 -2.11 -2.11 -2.14 Latvia ....................................................-0.24 -0.84 -0.96 -1.23 -1.55 -1.78 -2.04 -2.12 -2.18 -2.23 Lithuania ................................................-0.39 0.34 0.08 -0.19 -0.46 -0.78 -0.95 -1.06 -1.14 -1.17 Norway (10) ...........................................0.01 -0.02 -0.23 -0.40 -0.63 -0.93 -1.10 -1.14 -1.13 -1.12 Sweden .................................................

-0.24 -0.41 -0.56 -0.70 -0.87 -1.00 -1.07 -1.11 -1.14 -1.16 United Kingdom .....................................

0.04 -0.33 -0.72 -1.07 -1.38 -1.58 -1.65 -1.72 -1.80 -1.90 SOUTHERN EUROPE-0.61 -0.61 -0.65 -0.86 -1.10 -1.36 -1.56 -1.74 -1.91 -2.08 Albania ..................................................6.93 4.56 3.02 1.57 0.26 -0.94 -1.29 -1.43 -1.62 -1.81 Andorra .................................................

-0.24 -0.95 -1.51 -1.77 -1.96 -2.14 -2.30 -2.47 -2.62 -2.76 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................-0.19 -0.69 -1.17 -1.45 -1.76 -1.96 -2.09 -2.18 -2.24 -2.31 Croatia ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Gibraltar ................................................-0.09 -0.33 -0.68 -1.03 -1.37 -1.56 -1.62 -1.69 -1.77 -1.86 Greece ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Holy See (11) .........................................0.09 -0.34 -0.72 -1.11 -1.42 -1.62 -1.67 -1.73 -1.81 -1.89 Italy .......................................................

-2.97 -3.08 -2.65 -2.24 -1.84 -1.46 -1.39 -1.46 -1.47 -1.45 Malta .....................................................-3.28 0.60 0.54 0.12 -0.46 -1.03 -1.32 -1.39 -1.47 -1.56 Montenegro ...........................................-0.88 -1.14 -1.40 -1.61 -1.75 -1.84 -1.93 -2.02 -2.13 -2.24 Portugal .................................................0.25 -0.09 -0.43 -0.80 -0.95 -1.12 -1.21 -1.28 -1.38 -1.45 San Marino ............................................

-0.68 -0.25 -0.53 -0.87 -1.23 -1.49 -1.57 -1.65 -1.74 -1.84 Serbia ....................................................0.65 0.62 0.13 -0.38 -0.90 -1.43 -1.72 -1.85 -1.98 -2.10 Slovenia .................................................1.13 0.18 -0.41 -0.83 -1.17 -1.37 -1.40 -1.42 -1.49 -1.61 Spain .....................................................

-1.16 -1.39 -1.56 -1.69 -1.85 -2.02 -2.17 -2.31 -2.43 -2.54 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

-0.31 -0.56 -0.79 -0.98 -1.18 -1.37 -1.50 -1.58 -1.64 -1.67 WESTERN EUROPE0.03 -0.28 -0.63 -0.82 -1.04 -1.29 -1.50 -1.59 -1.66 -1.71 Austria ...................................................

-0.76 -0.93 -1.00 -1.05 -1.08 -1.13 -1.19 -1.25 -1.30 -1.33 Belgium .................................................-0.20 -0.45 -0.71 -0.92 -1.12 -1.19 -1.26 -1.34 -1.42 -1.48 France ...................................................-0.13 -0.44 -0.73 -0.98 -1.26 -1.55 -1.72 -1.78 -1.83 -1.86 Germany ................................................1.17 0.96 0.74 0.56 0.36 0.10 -0.13 -0.30 -0.47 -0.61 Liechtenstein .........................................2.00 1.80 1.25 0.76 0.28 -0.12 -0.22 -0.32 -0.40 -0.45 Luxembourg ...........................................

— — — — — — — — — — Monaco .................................................-2.67 -2.67 -2.40 -2.02 -1.54 -1.41 -1.50 -1.61 -1.70 -1.74 Netherlands ...........................................0.46 0.13 -0.15 -0.39 -0.65 -0.96 -1.16 -1.25 -1.28 -1.28 Switzerland ............................................

-0.55 -0.47 -0.46 -0.51 -0.57 -0.72 -0.91 -1.09 -1.25 -1.41 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

-0.51 -0.62 -0.71 -0.80 -0.88 -1.00 -1.20 -1.39 -1.58 -1.77 CARIBBEAN— — — — — — — — — — Anguilla .................................................

1.97 1.27 0.85 0.43 -0.03 -0.37 -0.58 -0.80 -1.02 -1.22 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................2.64 -0.09 0.13 -0.22 -0.49 -0.76 -1.10 -1.49 -1.75 -1.90 Aruba ....................................................0.09 -0.04 -0.18 -0.38 -0.54 -0.68 -0.82 -0.99 -1.10 -1.19 Bahamas ...............................................

-0.28 -0.47 -0.69 -0.95 -1.27 -1.56 -1.84 -2.09 -2.30 -2.51 Barbados ...............................................1.25 0.76 0.35 -0.02 -0.43 -0.72 -0.99 -1.26 -1.48 -1.65 British Virgin Islands ...............................

— — — — — — — — — — Cayman Islands .....................................0.21 -0.11 -0.39 -0.66 -0.98 -1.43 -1.74 -1.91 -2.08 -2.24 Cuba .....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Dominica ............................................... 2.10 0.20 -2.09 -2.42 -2.47 -2.55 -1.88 -1.81 -1.10 -1.23 Dominican Republic ............................... 2.26 2.40 1.87 1.37 0.79 0.22 1.06 1.38 0.70 -0.59 Grenada ................................................ 1.12 2.40 0.75 -0.31 -0.53 -0.92 2.44 -0.68 0.69 0.56 Guadeloupe ........................................... 1.71 2.44 4.19 1.42 -3.67 -13.76 -4.12 0.44 2.25 2.21 Haiti ....................................................... 1.38 1.49 1.52 1.41 1.59 1.99 1.61 0.73 0.77 0.89 Jamaica ................................................. 0.63 -0.36 0.38 -0.08 0.56 0.18 0.84 0.22 0.49 0.33 Martinique .............................................. 1.82 0.69 -1.60 -4.11 -5.87 -7.05 -17.45 -23.40 -0.15 -0.42 Montserrat ............................................. 1.10 -3.33 0.13 0.08 0.14 0.10 -1.02 -1.07 -1.02 -14.07 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 5.35 5.15 -0.59 -0.68 -1.57 -1.65 -1.69 -1.73 -3.57 -5.14 Puerto Rico ............................................ -0.34 0.21 -0.88 -2.02 -0.68 -0.68 -0.30 -1.19 -14.49 -16.81 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 0.90 0.91 -1.70 -2.81 -0.54 -0.78 -0.35 -0.43 1.41 1.61 Saint Lucia ............................................. 0.65 0.45 1.07 1.24 0.70 1.09 1.01 1.28 1.12 1.34 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 1.86 1.87 -0.20 -0.84 1.09 0.93 -1.07 -1.31 -0.18 0.02 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 3.03 3.61 1.94 2.16 0.94 1.45 2.00 0.98 0.51 0.21 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 0.50 1.83 -0.86 -0.83 2.19 1.82 -0.49 -2.05 0.76 -1.08 United States Virgin Islands .................... 2.36 2.45 4.98 1.34 1.73 -1.67 -3.44 -5.16 -4.34 -4.55

CENTRAL AMERICA 1.76 1.84 1.69 1.58 1.50 1.14 0.86 0.62 0.68 0.78 Belize .................................................... 3.25 3.26 3.48 3.39 2.05 1.77 2.89 2.96 2.84 2.56 Costa Rica ............................................. 3.00 3.21 2.95 1.85 1.54 2.09 1.89 0.66 0.26 0.95 El Salvador ............................................ 2.33 2.66 2.93 3.39 2.00 1.25 -0.16 0.38 -0.01 -0.12 Guatemala ............................................. 2.00 1.80 1.84 2.22 2.34 2.23 1.90 1.66 1.63 1.59 Honduras ............................................... 2.29 2.37 2.44 1.80 1.95 2.30 2.15 2.07 1.91 1.40 Mexico ................................................... 1.56 1.63 1.41 1.27 1.17 0.63 0.44 0.13 0.37 0.61 Nicaragua .............................................. 2.29 2.48 1.96 1.53 2.48 2.53 2.15 1.68 1.87 1.30 Panama ................................................. 1.69 1.92 1.80 1.72 2.15 1.91 1.52 1.30 -0.80 -1.15

SOUTH AMERICA 1.28 1.07 0.82 0.48 0.01 -0.25 0.00 -0.23 -0.34 -0.79 Argentina ............................................... -0.67 -1.10 -0.65 -0.79 -0.41 -0.61 -1.17 -1.34 -1.41 -1.63 Bolivia .................................................... 1.60 1.72 1.76 1.84 1.93 0.90 0.20 0.08 0.50 0.88 Brazil ..................................................... 1.66 1.35 0.89 0.28 -0.52 -0.86 -0.27 -0.75 -0.95 -1.85 Chile ...................................................... -0.35 -0.22 -0.09 -0.64 -1.04 -1.43 0.07 0.95 0.40 -0.76 Colombia ............................................... 1.03 0.78 0.68 1.19 0.63 0.47 0.23 0.36 0.39 0.63 Ecuador ................................................. 1.85 1.93 2.10 2.13 1.87 1.18 1.00 0.77 0.85 0.30 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... -0.44 -0.43 -1.23 -1.70 -1.83 -1.72 -2.83 -5.62 -0.94 -3.01 French Guiana ....................................... 0.05 0.12 2.75 2.70 2.00 2.88 3.75 4.17 3.29 3.26 Guyana .................................................. 2.64 3.00 2.47 1.84 0.52 0.57 -0.05 -0.49 0.36 0.01 Paraguay ............................................... 2.41 2.44 2.45 2.38 1.81 1.72 1.76 1.35 1.05 0.79 Peru ...................................................... 1.55 1.64 0.88 0.36 0.78 0.98 1.05 0.90 0.94 1.17 Suriname ............................................... 2.95 2.90 2.77 2.71 -1.77 -2.78 -2.88 -1.68 -0.58 -0.33 Uruguay ................................................. 0.06 0.23 0.06 -0.31 -1.05 -1.98 -1.99 -2.36 -2.36 -1.17 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 1.07 0.55 0.61 0.13 0.43 0.37 -0.07 -0.19 -1.22 -3.00

NORTHERN AMERICA -0.12 -0.06 0.00 -0.21 0.93 0.91 0.44 0.47 -0.50 -0.65 Bermuda ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Canada .................................................. 0.12 0.53 -0.76 -0.18 1.31 1.11 0.48 1.20 0.17 -0.76 Greenland .............................................. 0.77 2.10 -0.34 -1.01 0.07 -1.15 -0.46 -0.77 -1.16 -0.56 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... -3.17 -3.16 -1.43 0.32 0.44 -0.69 0.69 1.55 0.09 0.03 United States of America ........................ -0.14 -0.11 0.08 -0.22 0.90 0.89 0.44 0.40 -0.57 -0.64

OCEANIA 0.88 0.85 0.92 0.63 1.10 1.59 1.95 1.67 1.68 1.48

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 0.40 0.04 -0.08 -0.41 0.34 1.20 1.54 1.21 0.44 -0.27 Australia (13) ......................................... 0.10 -0.01 0.05 -0.29 0.45 1.66 1.78 1.56 0.38 -0.44 New Zealand .......................................... 1.44 0.21 -0.52 -0.81 -0.06 -0.58 0.55 -0.37 0.69 0.49

MELANESIA 1.33 1.53 1.71 1.39 1.91 1.97 2.31 2.01 2.53 2.55 Fiji ......................................................... 2.32 2.42 2.43 1.64 1.42 1.57 1.99 -0.62 -0.19 -0.21 New Caledonia ....................................... -0.81 0.80 0.68 0.32 2.36 1.00 1.02 1.56 2.07 1.31 Papua New Guinea ................................ 1.17 1.34 1.55 1.25 1.83 1.94 2.34 2.32 2.83 2.87 Solomon Islands .................................... 2.42 2.68 2.68 2.76 3.60 3.11 3.02 2.57 2.63 2.52 Vanuatu ................................................. 2.67 2.79 2.89 2.65 2.96 2.66 1.92 1.99 2.48 1.55

MICRONESIA 1.12 1.30 1.46 1.10 -2.58 0.47 3.10 2.67 1.58 0.23 Guam .................................................... -0.44 -0.38 0.07 -0.72 -14.69 -17.04 6.37 5.95 -1.27 -1.55 Kiribati ................................................... 1.51 1.94 1.97 1.80 0.49 1.65 2.31 2.31 1.01 -0.50 Marshall Islands ..................................... -0.23 -0.85 0.96 -0.88 1.20 4.72 2.69 2.50 0.53 -0.57 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 3.09 2.93 2.87 2.91 0.27 2.73 3.30 2.43 2.35 0.70 Nauru .................................................... — — — — — — — — — —





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-1.43 -1.65 -1.39 -1.39 -1.19 -1.41 -1.64 -1.78 -1.86 -1.95 Dominica ...............................................-0.86 -0.90 -0.90 -0.86 -0.80 -0.85 -1.05 -1.24 -1.42 -1.58 Dominican Republic ...............................1.08 -0.10 -0.22 -0.39 -0.77 -1.18 -1.55 -1.85 -2.07 -2.29 Grenada ................................................1.85 1.21 0.50 -0.16 -0.74 -0.92 -1.04 -1.18 -1.32 -1.45 Guadeloupe ...........................................

-0.73 -0.96 -1.07 -1.08 -0.98 -0.84 -0.97 -1.17 -1.37 -1.57 Haiti .......................................................0.35 0.08 -0.21 -0.53 -0.89 -1.28 -1.53 -1.76 -1.96 -2.15 Jamaica .................................................

-0.50 -0.77 -0.96 -1.10 -1.25 -1.40 -1.57 -1.76 -1.94 -2.12 Martinique ..............................................1.97 0.98 0.62 0.29 0.03 -0.24 -0.44 -0.65 -0.86 -1.06 Montserrat .............................................

-3.30 -2.07 -2.31 -2.07 -1.66 -1.62 -1.79 -1.91 -2.02 -2.16 Netherlands Antilles ...............................-15.84 -12.69 -9.28 -5.83 -2.50 -1.75 -1.87 -1.95 -2.00 -2.03 Puerto Rico ............................................

1.47 1.21 0.89 0.48 -0.01 -0.36 -0.60 -0.81 -1.02 -1.22 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................1.19 1.02 0.77 0.43 0.05 -0.35 -0.59 -0.78 -0.99 -1.22 Saint Lucia .............................................

-0.00 -0.19 -0.50 -0.90 -1.32 -1.68 -1.93 -2.21 -2.54 -2.90 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........0.04 -0.01 -0.09 -0.27 -0.54 -0.78 -1.01 -1.22 -1.43 -1.68 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................

-2.83 -7.19 -6.11 -4.81 -3.29 -1.78 -1.25 -1.45 -1.62 -1.73 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................-4.65 -4.10 -3.42 -2.71 -2.07 -2.13 -2.40 -2.61 -2.74 -2.83 United States Virgin Islands ....................

0.21 0.29 0.13 -0.09 -0.32 -0.56 -0.77 -0.98 -1.17 -1.36 CENTRAL AMERICA1.42 1.04 0.69 0.34 0.03 -0.30 -0.58 -0.78 -0.96 -1.14 Belize ....................................................0.57 0.09 -0.15 -0.38 -0.56 -0.75 -0.94 -1.13 -1.31 -1.48 Costa Rica .............................................0.81 0.59 0.32 0.12 -0.19 -0.50 -0.73 -0.92 -1.11 -1.30 El Salvador ............................................1.71 1.59 1.40 1.01 0.60 0.21 -0.09 -0.37 -0.63 -0.87 Guatemala .............................................1.18 1.05 0.85 0.48 0.09 -0.27 -0.55 -0.81 -1.01 -1.19 Honduras ...............................................

-0.41 -0.20 -0.39 -0.58 -0.75 -0.91 -1.09 -1.26 -1.44 -1.61 Mexico ...................................................0.81 0.67 0.66 0.30 -0.10 -0.50 -0.77 -0.99 -1.21 -1.43 Nicaragua ..............................................

-1.34 -1.30 -1.19 -0.97 -0.72 -0.78 -0.97 -1.16 -1.34 -1.48 Panama .................................................

-1.03 -0.93 -0.81 -0.74 -0.69 -0.78 -0.96 -1.11 -1.25 -1.38 SOUTH AMERICA-1.76 -1.48 -1.26 -1.05 -0.86 -0.78 -0.90 -0.97 -1.05 -1.13 Argentina ...............................................0.69 0.42 0.17 -0.07 -0.31 -0.53 -0.73 -0.92 -1.10 -1.26 Bolivia ....................................................

-2.12 -1.89 -1.64 -1.34 -0.99 -0.93 -1.07 -1.19 -1.31 -1.43 Brazil .....................................................-1.44 -1.34 -1.21 -1.08 -0.94 -0.92 -1.06 -1.19 -1.31 -1.42 Chile ......................................................0.40 0.11 -0.11 -0.32 -0.53 -0.75 -0.94 -1.11 -1.26 -1.39 Colombia ...............................................

-0.55 -0.86 -0.72 -0.78 -0.85 -0.92 -1.10 -1.28 -1.46 -1.61 Ecuador .................................................-6.95 -5.78 -4.62 -3.39 -2.02 -1.58 -1.53 -1.66 -1.60 -1.74 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................2.62 1.77 1.30 0.90 0.50 0.25 0.02 -0.19 -0.36 -0.50 French Guiana .......................................0.24 -0.29 -0.71 -0.94 -1.24 -1.69 -2.17 -2.70 -3.16 -3.54 Guyana ..................................................0.51 0.29 0.08 -0.13 -0.32 -0.51 -0.72 -0.90 -1.08 -1.24 Paraguay ...............................................0.93 0.78 0.66 0.30 -0.10 -0.50 -0.76 -0.93 -1.09 -1.23 Peru ......................................................

-0.62 -0.84 -1.05 -1.27 -1.45 -1.64 -1.86 -2.11 -2.37 -2.61 Suriname ...............................................-1.46 -1.19 -1.09 -1.02 -1.04 -1.07 -1.13 -1.20 -1.28 -1.36 Uruguay .................................................-4.05 -3.39 -2.64 -1.85 -1.02 -0.57 -0.73 -0.88 -1.02 -1.13 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

-0.56 -0.56 -0.61 -0.66 -0.73 -0.84 -0.94 -1.02 -1.09 -1.13 NORTHERN AMERICA— — — — — — — — — — Bermuda ................................................

0.37 0.43 0.17 -0.08 -0.36 -0.66 -0.85 -0.94 -1.00 -1.03 Canada ..................................................-0.94 -0.78 -0.81 -0.87 -1.02 -1.22 -1.39 -1.46 -1.49 -1.51 Greenland ..............................................-0.11 -0.41 -0.65 -0.93 -1.17 -1.25 -1.22 -1.21 -1.29 -1.29 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................-0.66 -0.68 -0.71 -0.74 -0.78 -0.86 -0.95 -1.03 -1.10 -1.15 United States of America ........................

1.39 1.10 0.89 0.73 0.55 0.36 0.16 -0.06 -0.25 -0.43 OCEANIA

-0.30 -0.48 -0.52 -0.55 -0.60 -0.68 -0.80 -0.89 -0.95 -1.00 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND-0.48 -0.60 -0.60 -0.59 -0.60 -0.65 -0.77 -0.86 -0.92 -0.96 Australia (13) .........................................0.47 0.06 -0.18 -0.39 -0.59 -0.78 -0.91 -1.01 -1.10 -1.17 New Zealand ..........................................

2.30 1.84 1.48 1.23 0.98 0.73 0.48 0.22 -0.02 -0.24 MELANESIA-0.35 -0.45 -0.71 -0.97 -1.00 -1.22 -1.42 -1.63 -1.84 -2.04 Fiji .........................................................0.75 0.51 0.21 -0.04 -0.31 -0.57 -0.76 -0.91 -1.05 -1.18 New Caledonia .......................................2.55 2.01 1.63 1.37 1.10 0.84 0.59 0.32 0.08 -0.14 Papua New Guinea ................................2.27 1.94 1.59 1.26 0.93 0.65 0.37 0.08 -0.22 -0.50 Solomon Islands ....................................2.08 1.82 1.50 1.17 0.82 0.51 0.21 -0.07 -0.36 -0.63 Vanuatu .................................................

0.82 0.68 0.54 0.40 0.15 -0.21 -0.48 -0.74 -0.98 -1.17 MICRONESIA1.66 1.11 0.74 0.39 0.02 -0.36 -0.56 -0.71 -0.84 -0.92 Guam ....................................................1.60 1.40 1.09 0.78 0.41 -0.05 -0.39 -0.65 -0.86 -1.03 Kiribati ...................................................0.60 1.04 0.58 0.07 -0.41 -0.65 -0.72 -0.87 -1.15 -1.49 Marshall Islands .....................................0.55 0.37 0.34 0.34 0.18 -0.20 -0.51 -0.82 -1.12 -1.33 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............

— — — — — — — — — — Nauru ....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 1.31 2.37 -1.45 -3.07 -5.76 -5.43 9.02 5.07 5.86 2.38 Palau ..................................................... 1.80 2.15 1.03 0.58 0.62 -0.39 -0.62 0.41 1.42 3.47

POLYNESIA 1.79 2.28 2.32 1.89 0.51 0.94 0.62 0.98 1.18 0.92 American Samoa .................................... -0.48 -0.81 1.97 1.58 0.53 0.05 0.99 0.45 -2.94 -3.79 Cook Islands .......................................... 0.93 1.44 -0.01 1.62 -1.25 -2.72 0.50 -1.85 -0.54 -5.16 French Polynesia ................................... 1.40 1.25 1.04 0.62 2.41 2.80 2.88 2.97 3.01 2.30 Niue ....................................................... 0.78 0.65 1.12 -0.17 -4.59 -4.73 -5.46 -3.94 -0.26 -4.25 Pitcairn .................................................. 1.91 0.28 -6.84 -2.70 -5.31 -1.82 -0.32 0.95 -1.27 -1.01 Samoa ................................................... 1.67 2.73 2.79 2.03 0.93 0.56 0.24 0.55 0.77 0.97 Tokelau ................................................. 0.37 3.05 -0.10 -3.17 -0.15 -0.17 0.47 0.11 -1.61 0.52 Tonga .................................................... 3.05 3.25 3.34 3.28 -1.04 0.50 -1.18 0.30 0.56 0.06 Tuvalu ................................................... 0.98 1.27 1.51 0.53 0.07 -0.19 0.13 -0.34 -0.34 — Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... 2.15 1.87 1.49 -0.86 1.24 4.03 3.68 0.04 0.67 0.78






2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

1.76 0.67 0.34 0.23 0.12 0.03 -0.04 -0.11 -0.15 -0.19 Northern Mariana Islands .......................-4.59 -5.15 -4.49 -3.10 -2.16 -1.32 -1.21 -1.45 -1.58 -1.62 Palau .....................................................

0.69 0.63 0.32 0.14 -0.17 -0.47 -0.71 -0.99 -1.24 -1.46 POLYNESIA-2.76 -2.31 -1.77 -1.06 -0.32 -0.27 -0.49 -0.74 -0.89 -0.99 American Samoa ....................................-6.74 -6.53 -5.45 -3.70 -3.06 -2.06 -1.42 -1.60 -1.65 -1.61 Cook Islands ..........................................1.89 1.33 0.91 0.42 -0.13 -0.62 -0.84 -1.00 -1.16 -1.32 French Polynesia ...................................

-3.73 -2.89 -2.55 -2.06 -1.43 -1.09 -1.32 -1.52 -1.77 -1.90 Niue .......................................................-2.97 — 0.40 1.51 -0.37 -0.37 — -0.38 -0.39 — Pitcairn ..................................................0.57 0.61 0.24 0.02 -0.16 -0.38 -0.69 -1.12 -1.52 -1.82 Samoa ...................................................

-1.59 -0.03 -0.01 0.27 -0.26 0.11 0.06 -0.09 0.07 -0.03 Tokelau .................................................0.05 0.13 -0.20 -0.00 -0.25 -0.44 -0.68 -0.92 -1.17 -1.41 Tonga ....................................................

-0.29 -0.48 -0.62 -0.69 -0.84 -1.09 -1.34 -1.55 -1.71 -1.79 Tuvalu ...................................................0.24 0.66 0.66 0.60 0.44 0.24 0.09 -0.02 -0.09 -0.17 Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.8. Average annual rate of change of the total populationby major area, region and country, 1950-2050



1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

WORLD 1.78 1.80 1.95 2.02 1.94 1.76 1.74 1.73 1.54 1.37




AFRICA 2.23 2.38 2.48 2.61 2.68 2.83 2.89 2.79 2.61 2.45

EASTERN AFRICA 2.31 2.49 2.69 2.83 2.88 2.96 2.98 3.04 2.57 2.75 Burundi .................................................. 1.79 1.81 1.77 1.79 0.93 2.31 3.36 3.06 1.85 1.32 Comoros (1) ........................................... 2.30 2.04 2.22 2.73 2.89 3.94 3.29 2.89 2.85 2.82 Djibouti .................................................. 2.48 3.80 6.37 6.51 6.52 8.36 3.38 6.62 2.15 3.13 Eritrea ................................................... 2.04 2.38 2.58 2.63 2.71 3.09 2.57 2.36 0.34 2.74 Ethiopia ................................................. 2.10 2.28 2.57 2.68 2.73 1.66 3.13 3.27 3.29 2.81 Kenya .................................................... 2.78 3.00 3.20 3.37 3.62 3.73 3.78 3.51 3.10 2.65 Madagascar ........................................... 2.32 2.43 2.51 2.58 2.63 2.72 2.84 2.84 2.95 2.98 Malawi ................................................... 1.91 2.15 2.38 2.56 3.10 3.28 3.12 5.25 1.32 2.83 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 2.91 2.92 2.64 1.85 1.53 1.59 1.00 0.79 1.25 1.06 Mozambique .......................................... 1.58 1.85 2.05 2.18 2.33 2.68 1.87 0.33 3.26 2.64 Réunion ................................................. 3.22 2.79 3.01 3.35 0.95 0.95 1.83 1.69 1.88 1.75 Rwanda ................................................. 2.78 3.00 2.07 3.29 3.11 3.28 3.33 3.45 -5.13 7.41 Seychelles ............................................. 2.59 1.00 2.72 1.02 2.94 1.70 0.26 1.45 1.00 1.39 Somalia ................................................. 2.16 2.23 2.35 2.54 2.76 9.01 -0.05 0.75 -1.46 2.45 Uganda .................................................. 2.68 2.81 3.32 3.29 2.86 3.01 3.12 3.74 3.48 3.01 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 2.66 2.84 2.96 3.04 3.22 3.14 3.12 3.10 3.19 2.48 Zambia .................................................. 2.51 2.75 3.00 3.14 3.37 3.27 3.22 3.02 2.62 2.42 Zimbabwe .............................................. 3.07 3.16 3.28 3.26 3.40 3.33 3.90 3.39 2.34 1.42

MIDDLE AFRICA 1.96 2.22 2.35 2.64 2.71 2.92 2.96 2.98 3.26 2.41 Angola ................................................... 1.77 2.02 1.88 1.99 2.27 2.80 3.38 2.54 3.13 2.46 Cameroon .............................................. 1.85 1.97 2.23 2.46 2.70 2.97 2.94 3.04 2.77 2.41 Central African Republic ......................... 1.44 1.61 1.92 2.10 1.92 2.46 2.79 2.32 2.74 2.27 Chad ..................................................... 1.94 2.05 2.17 2.15 2.41 2.08 2.51 3.13 3.14 3.37 Congo ................................................... 2.04 2.30 2.61 2.91 3.09 3.10 3.02 2.89 2.85 2.74 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 2.20 2.55 2.67 3.08 3.04 3.15 2.90 3.13 3.56 2.23 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 1.05 1.18 1.33 1.53 -5.35 -0.91 7.14 2.23 2.35 2.39 Gabon ................................................... 0.28 0.42 0.65 1.07 2.40 2.66 2.88 3.07 2.80 2.26 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... -0.41 1.78 0.17 2.55 2.18 2.85 1.85 2.23 1.94 1.82

NORTHERN AFRICA 2.29 2.38 2.41 2.47 2.52 2.66 2.78 2.35 2.04 1.80 Algeria ................................................... 2.09 2.12 1.98 2.85 3.06 3.21 3.22 2.69 2.23 1.53 Egypt ..................................................... 2.46 2.40 2.51 2.18 2.14 2.17 2.38 2.28 1.91 1.85 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 1.80 3.61 3.70 4.12 4.25 4.34 4.57 2.51 2.04 2.02 Morocco ................................................ 2.47 2.75 2.72 2.78 2.45 2.46 2.61 2.13 1.66 1.35 Sudan .................................................... 2.11 2.26 2.29 2.44 2.92 3.15 3.21 2.35 2.57 2.46 Tunisia ................................................... 1.79 1.79 1.85 2.04 2.00 2.61 2.53 2.29 1.76 1.27 Western Sahara ..................................... 8.63 8.73 8.80 8.18 -0.50 13.96 4.01 3.69 3.20 3.93


WESTERN AFRICA 2.18 2.30 2.37 2.50 2.61 2.88 2.92 2.95 2.86 2.77 Benin ..................................................... 1.21 1.67 1.79 2.20 2.55 2.88 3.39 3.29 3.63 3.04 Burkina Faso ......................................... 1.26 1.46 1.56 1.99 2.25 2.26 2.43 2.81 2.93 2.91 Cape Verde ........................................... 2.95 2.95 3.07 3.07 0.80 0.80 1.97 2.15 2.42 2.33 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 3.40 3.62 3.75 4.27 4.33 4.71 4.61 3.92 3.18 2.58 Gambia .................................................. 1.50 2.57 2.92 2.89 3.37 3.26 3.39 3.83 3.72 3.55 Ghana ................................................... 3.05 3.09 2.77 2.03 2.61 1.97 3.37 2.90 2.76 2.38 Guinea ................................................... 1.70 1.79 1.96 2.10 0.94 2.67 2.51 3.03 3.88 2.27 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 0.90 0.95 0.15 0.92 2.17 3.95 2.36 2.61 3.17 2.80 Liberia ................................................... 2.31 2.59 2.68 2.84 2.93 3.04 3.00 -0.32 0.06 7.19


Table A.8. Average annual rate of change of the total population (continued)



2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

1.24 1.17 1.09 0.99 0.88 0.75 0.64 0.54 0.45 0.36 WORLD

0.36 0.27 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -0.08 -0.10 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)1.44 1.37 1.28 1.17 1.03 0.88 0.75 0.64 0.54 0.44 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b)2.42 2.37 2.26 2.13 1.98 1.83 1.68 1.53 1.39 1.24 Least developed countries (c)1.28 1.19 1.10 0.98 0.83 0.68 0.54 0.42 0.32 0.22 Other less developed countries (d)



2.32 2.25 2.15 2.01 1.85 1.71 1.57 1.44 1.31 1.17 AFRICA

2.57 2.54 2.43 2.26 2.06 1.89 1.74 1.59 1.45 1.30 EASTERN AFRICA3.29 3.90 3.22 3.04 2.82 2.72 2.70 2.62 2.43 2.19 Burundi ..................................................2.65 2.46 2.20 1.97 1.81 1.69 1.55 1.38 1.20 1.03 Comoros (1) ...........................................1.94 1.74 1.62 1.54 1.61 1.45 1.27 1.11 0.98 0.87 Djibouti ..................................................4.12 3.24 2.94 2.36 2.05 1.86 1.75 1.64 1.48 1.27 Eritrea ...................................................2.59 2.51 2.40 2.23 2.04 1.84 1.67 1.52 1.39 1.25 Ethiopia .................................................2.60 2.65 2.55 2.26 2.02 1.86 1.74 1.59 1.42 1.26 Kenya ....................................................2.83 2.66 2.48 2.27 2.07 1.90 1.73 1.57 1.42 1.27 Madagascar ...........................................2.58 2.57 2.48 2.36 2.18 1.96 1.75 1.58 1.45 1.31 Malawi ...................................................0.91 0.78 0.68 0.58 0.46 0.33 0.20 0.09 0.00 -0.07 Mauritius (2) ..........................................2.42 1.95 1.74 1.64 1.54 1.44 1.32 1.19 1.08 0.99 Mozambique ..........................................1.62 1.27 1.09 0.95 0.82 0.69 0.54 0.39 0.28 0.19 Réunion .................................................2.43 2.76 2.72 2.45 2.06 1.79 1.69 1.63 1.51 1.31 Rwanda .................................................1.06 0.49 0.32 0.63 0.52 0.44 0.35 0.23 0.10 -0.01 Seychelles .............................................3.00 2.92 2.74 2.44 2.19 2.05 1.88 1.70 1.54 1.40 Somalia .................................................3.18 3.24 3.21 3.14 2.89 2.61 2.36 2.15 1.96 1.78 Uganda ..................................................2.56 2.47 2.36 2.12 1.93 1.76 1.59 1.40 1.21 1.03 United Republic of Tanzania ...................1.88 1.91 1.84 1.86 1.70 1.55 1.41 1.28 1.17 1.07 Zambia ..................................................0.72 0.95 1.06 1.01 0.91 0.81 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.65 Zimbabwe ..............................................









1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Mali ....................................................... 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.98 2.26 2.16 2.26 2.42 2.60 2.71 Mauritania .............................................. 2.57 2.50 2.51 2.58 2.67 2.67 2.64 2.52 2.69 2.85 Niger ..................................................... 3.36 3.13 3.24 3.22 3.17 3.15 2.97 3.07 3.43 3.61 Nigeria ................................................... 2.17 2.25 2.34 2.43 2.58 3.00 2.76 2.93 2.87 2.70 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.05 0.08 0.67 0.84 -0.35 -0.96 2.73 Senegal ................................................. 2.38 2.69 2.84 3.06 3.02 2.74 2.93 3.00 2.74 2.64 Sierra Leone .......................................... 1.40 1.58 1.72 1.85 1.76 1.89 2.03 2.64 0.27 1.75 Togo ...................................................... 1.59 1.77 1.79 4.36 2.69 2.59 3.72 3.32 2.62 3.59

ASIA 1.90 1.89 2.16 2.38 2.25 1.93 1.88 1.88 1.63 1.42

EASTERN ASIA 1.81 1.53 1.98 2.43 2.12 1.43 1.27 1.37 1.03 0.85 China (4) ............................................... 1.87 1.53 2.07 2.61 2.21 1.48 1.32 1.48 1.09 0.91 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... 4.64 4.22 3.66 1.31 2.18 2.73 1.59 0.89 1.68 1.42 China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... -0.99 -0.97 3.86 3.86 -0.08 -0.07 3.89 3.90 2.02 1.38 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. -0.22 2.56 2.37 2.90 2.41 1.40 1.65 1.46 1.50 1.10 Japan .................................................... 1.43 0.93 0.99 1.07 1.33 0.93 0.68 0.44 0.31 0.25 Mongolia ................................................ 2.20 2.42 2.63 2.76 2.84 2.78 2.76 2.98 1.51 0.66 Republic of Korea .................................. 2.55 3.09 2.64 2.25 2.00 1.55 1.36 0.99 0.97 0.77

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 1.86 2.06 2.20 2.25 2.31 2.36 2.40 2.32 2.13 1.84 Afghanistan ............................................ 1.54 1.76 1.97 2.19 2.37 0.91 -2.46 0.52 7.32 2.55 Bangladesh ............................................ 1.98 2.28 2.50 2.54 2.47 2.35 2.47 2.35 2.22 1.98 Bhutan ................................................... 3.08 2.62 2.63 3.05 3.68 3.33 2.57 2.61 -1.53 1.94 India ...................................................... 1.73 1.90 2.04 2.13 2.22 2.30 2.26 2.19 2.08 1.84 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 2.42 2.57 2.74 2.92 2.93 3.30 4.16 3.15 1.86 1.22 Kazakhstan ............................................ 3.52 4.47 3.50 1.92 1.51 1.08 1.12 0.93 -0.75 -1.25 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 1.79 2.65 3.39 2.83 2.14 1.90 2.02 1.81 0.88 1.49 Maldives ................................................ 1.77 1.89 2.01 2.17 2.46 2.82 2.99 3.22 2.78 1.93 Nepal ..................................................... 1.49 1.57 1.77 2.00 2.17 2.25 2.30 2.34 2.51 2.39 Pakistan ................................................ 2.15 2.35 2.46 2.59 2.74 2.97 3.63 3.47 2.46 2.44 Sri Lanka ............................................... 2.82 2.76 2.46 2.37 2.05 1.78 1.39 1.33 1.10 0.69 Tajikistan ............................................... 3.04 3.11 3.75 3.15 3.14 2.77 2.89 2.99 1.70 1.34 Turkmenistan ......................................... 2.25 3.24 3.41 2.93 2.82 2.54 2.42 2.55 2.68 1.42 Uzbekistan ............................................. 2.78 3.30 3.57 3.14 3.10 2.64 2.61 2.42 2.22 1.52

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 2.09 2.41 2.52 2.50 2.37 2.13 2.12 1.97 1.77 1.55 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 5.56 5.10 4.51 4.71 4.30 3.65 2.89 2.84 2.76 2.45 Cambodia .............................................. 2.15 2.31 2.45 2.44 0.46 -1.01 3.67 3.59 3.23 2.29 Indonesia ............................................... 1.67 2.08 2.22 2.35 2.32 2.20 2.04 1.77 1.53 1.40 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 2.73 2.57 2.50 2.50 2.61 1.30 2.48 2.98 2.81 2.15 Malaysia ................................................ 2.72 3.02 3.09 2.66 2.44 2.32 2.60 2.88 2.58 2.45 Myanmar ............................................... 1.96 2.14 2.18 2.32 2.47 2.19 2.00 1.75 1.44 1.24 Philippines ............................................. 2.99 3.05 3.09 2.93 2.79 2.70 2.44 2.39 2.27 2.11 Singapore .............................................. 4.90 4.48 2.81 1.97 1.73 1.30 2.30 2.15 2.85 2.88 Thailand ................................................. 2.84 3.04 3.10 2.85 2.49 2.08 1.64 1.32 1.16 1.06 Timor-Leste ........................................... 1.27 1.61 1.84 1.94 2.13 -2.91 2.50 2.33 2.77 -0.76 Viet Nam ................................................ 1.87 2.26 2.48 2.37 2.24 1.99 2.18 2.25 2.05 1.51

WESTERN ASIA 2.68 2.76 2.75 2.66 2.82 2.84 2.93 2.58 2.33 2.15 Armenia ................................................. 2.88 3.55 3.32 2.66 2.30 1.83 1.51 1.19 -1.88 -0.92 Azerbaijan .............................................. 2.77 3.16 3.22 2.46 1.91 1.59 1.59 1.56 1.55 0.88 Bahrain .................................................. 2.91 3.10 4.04 2.79 4.28 4.87 3.51 3.52 3.17 2.36 Cyprus ................................................... 1.41 1.56 0.32 1.09 -0.19 0.06 1.16 1.00 1.43 1.46 Georgia ................................................. 1.70 1.60 1.47 1.00 0.83 0.66 0.83 0.64 -1.63 -1.28 Iraq ........................................................ 3.19 3.15 3.16 3.27 3.38 3.26 2.90 2.56 3.11 2.94 Israel ..................................................... 6.58 3.80 3.85 2.46 2.95 2.28 1.72 1.91 3.49 2.48 Jordan ................................................... 6.85 5.95 4.22 7.66 3.54 2.78 3.92 3.69 5.59 2.18 Kuwait ................................................... 5.37 6.67 10.53 9.17 6.04 6.24 4.48 4.40 -4.34 5.12 Lebanon ................................................ 2.23 3.15 2.91 2.24 2.28 0.34 0.75 0.57 3.20 1.55 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 0.73 1.10 1.70 -1.80 2.72 3.25 3.78 3.78 3.89 3.70 Oman .................................................... 2.02 2.26 2.55 3.02 4.11 5.17 5.03 3.76 3.28 2.02 Qatar ..................................................... 6.73 5.03 8.84 9.28 8.60 5.86 9.04 5.19 2.35 3.19 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 2.31 2.52 3.25 3.62 4.66 5.62 5.85 4.68 2.32 2.62 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 2.42 2.93 3.11 3.31 3.36 3.48 3.74 3.25 2.77 2.45 Turkey ................................................... 2.72 2.75 2.50 2.47 2.59 2.34 2.37 1.90 1.80 1.66 United Arab Emirates ............................. 2.51 2.69 9.38 8.86 17.17 13.00 6.58 5.61 5.28 5.79 Yemen ................................................... 1.84 1.97 2.09 1.94 2.09 3.34 3.80 3.89 4.63 3.16





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050


1.22 1.13 1.04 0.92 0.78 0.63 0.48 0.38 0.28 0.18 ASIA

0.62 0.52 0.47 0.39 0.27 0.11 -0.06 -0.18 -0.28 -0.36 EASTERN ASIA0.67 0.58 0.54 0.46 0.34 0.17 -0.00 -0.14 -0.23 -0.32 China (4) ...............................................1.15 1.00 0.86 0.75 0.65 0.54 0.42 0.30 0.19 0.11 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) .....................1.40 0.70 0.68 0.62 0.48 0.26 0.05 -0.13 -0.26 -0.36 China, Macao SAR (6) ...........................0.58 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.31 0.16 -0.02 -0.15 -0.20 -0.24 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..0.14 -0.02 -0.18 -0.34 -0.47 -0.56 -0.63 -0.70 -0.75 -0.78 Japan ....................................................0.88 0.96 1.09 0.95 0.75 0.59 0.46 0.35 0.22 0.08 Mongolia ................................................0.46 0.33 0.18 0.04 -0.08 -0.25 -0.43 -0.60 -0.76 -0.89 Republic of Korea ..................................

1.64 1.54 1.42 1.26 1.08 0.91 0.77 0.67 0.56 0.43 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)3.79 3.85 3.18 2.80 2.70 2.53 2.31 2.09 1.89 1.70 Afghanistan ............................................1.89 1.67 1.56 1.42 1.27 1.12 0.98 0.84 0.70 0.56 Bangladesh ............................................2.63 1.43 1.48 1.14 0.98 0.77 0.60 0.51 0.44 0.33 Bhutan ...................................................1.62 1.46 1.31 1.14 0.97 0.79 0.63 0.54 0.44 0.32 India ......................................................0.97 1.35 1.33 1.19 0.88 0.70 0.63 0.56 0.44 0.26 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................0.34 0.71 0.67 0.51 0.31 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.04 -0.10 Kazakhstan ............................................1.01 1.10 1.01 0.82 0.60 0.43 0.35 0.25 0.12 -0.03 Kyrgyzstan .............................................1.57 1.76 1.80 1.65 1.37 1.11 0.96 0.87 0.76 0.61 Maldives ................................................2.08 1.97 1.88 1.76 1.60 1.43 1.29 1.16 1.02 0.88 Nepal .....................................................1.82 1.84 1.90 1.77 1.54 1.32 1.17 1.05 0.92 0.77 Pakistan ................................................0.43 0.47 0.39 0.27 0.10 -0.08 -0.23 -0.35 -0.45 -0.55 Sri Lanka ...............................................1.19 1.51 1.74 1.60 1.36 1.10 0.88 0.69 0.58 0.48 Tajikistan ...............................................1.42 1.32 1.25 1.11 0.87 0.65 0.54 0.45 0.35 0.22 Turkmenistan .........................................1.46 1.44 1.40 1.16 0.89 0.72 0.62 0.52 0.37 0.22 Uzbekistan .............................................

1.40 1.27 1.11 0.95 0.82 0.70 0.57 0.44 0.31 0.20 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA2.29 2.05 1.81 1.58 1.40 1.28 1.16 1.02 0.89 0.78 Brunei Darussalam .................................1.76 1.74 1.78 1.68 1.48 1.26 1.11 1.01 0.91 0.77 Cambodia ..............................................1.31 1.16 0.97 0.80 0.70 0.61 0.50 0.37 0.23 0.10 Indonesia ...............................................1.62 1.72 1.64 1.51 1.31 1.08 0.86 0.68 0.59 0.50 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........1.95 1.69 1.47 1.27 1.06 0.87 0.75 0.64 0.53 0.41 Malaysia ................................................0.89 0.85 0.76 0.67 0.58 0.47 0.34 0.23 0.12 0.01 Myanmar ...............................................2.08 1.90 1.67 1.46 1.27 1.09 0.91 0.73 0.61 0.50 Philippines .............................................1.49 1.19 0.92 0.64 0.55 0.38 0.12 -0.13 -0.30 -0.37 Singapore ..............................................0.76 0.66 0.50 0.36 0.24 0.12 0.01 -0.09 -0.19 -0.27 Thailand .................................................5.31 3.50 3.36 3.02 2.79 2.54 2.32 2.15 2.01 1.84 Timor-Leste ...........................................1.45 1.32 1.20 1.05 0.90 0.75 0.62 0.48 0.35 0.21 Viet Nam ................................................

1.95 1.81 1.72 1.56 1.39 1.22 1.07 0.94 0.83 0.71 WESTERN ASIA-0.42 -0.21 -0.07 -0.14 -0.33 -0.48 -0.58 -0.65 -0.76 -0.89 Armenia .................................................0.51 0.75 0.76 0.65 0.43 0.19 0.03 -0.06 -0.13 -0.25 Azerbaijan ..............................................2.18 1.79 1.56 1.35 1.18 1.05 0.90 0.74 0.59 0.47 Bahrain ..................................................1.23 1.06 1.04 0.98 0.86 0.73 0.65 0.59 0.54 0.48 Cyprus ...................................................

-1.07 -0.79 -0.53 -0.60 -0.59 -0.71 -0.83 -0.93 -1.02 -1.11 Georgia .................................................2.22 1.84 2.60 2.28 2.01 1.80 1.59 1.41 1.25 1.11 Iraq ........................................................1.90 1.66 1.39 1.18 1.07 0.98 0.89 0.76 0.63 0.51 Israel .....................................................2.89 3.04 1.41 1.52 1.45 1.27 1.08 0.90 0.76 0.62 Jordan ...................................................3.84 2.44 2.04 1.77 1.55 1.38 1.25 1.11 0.95 0.78 Kuwait ...................................................1.23 1.05 0.94 0.82 0.71 0.58 0.45 0.34 0.24 0.14 Lebanon ................................................3.55 3.18 2.87 2.63 2.42 2.21 1.99 1.78 1.58 1.41 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................0.85 1.97 1.95 1.81 1.58 1.34 1.12 0.97 0.85 0.72 Oman ....................................................5.11 2.11 1.76 1.48 1.16 1.04 0.91 0.77 0.62 0.47 Qatar .....................................................2.53 2.24 2.05 1.84 1.62 1.40 1.18 0.99 0.85 0.74 Saudi Arabia ..........................................2.70 2.52 1.85 1.68 1.47 1.25 1.08 0.94 0.82 0.66 Syrian Arab Republic .............................1.36 1.26 1.10 0.94 0.79 0.64 0.52 0.40 0.28 0.16 Turkey ...................................................4.68 2.85 2.13 1.85 1.64 1.49 1.37 1.25 1.10 0.93 United Arab Emirates .............................2.97 2.97 2.90 2.71 2.43 2.17 1.99 1.85 1.70 1.52 Yemen ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

EUROPE 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.68 0.59 0.49 0.38 0.41 0.20 -0.00

EASTERN EUROPE 1.48 1.33 1.04 0.70 0.66 0.64 0.57 0.48 -0.03 -0.36 Belarus .................................................. 0.15 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.71 0.61 0.69 0.52 0.01 -0.42 Bulgaria ................................................. 0.67 0.96 0.84 0.68 0.54 0.32 0.22 -0.32 -1.08 -0.87 Czech Republic ...................................... 0.81 0.54 0.34 0.19 0.47 0.49 0.05 -0.01 0.01 -0.17 Hungary ................................................. 1.02 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.33 -0.24 -0.41 -0.07 -0.22 Moldova ................................................. 2.31 2.68 2.10 1.50 1.32 0.87 1.08 0.73 -0.04 -1.10 Poland ................................................... 1.89 1.66 1.18 0.76 0.81 0.90 0.89 0.48 0.25 -0.08 Romania ................................................ 1.39 1.03 0.67 1.24 0.96 0.88 0.47 0.42 -0.46 -0.49 Russian Federation ................................ 1.63 1.47 1.11 0.57 0.58 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.07 -0.23 Slovakia ................................................. 1.85 1.75 1.02 0.75 0.89 0.99 0.65 0.45 0.40 0.09 Ukraine .................................................. 1.45 1.30 1.16 0.85 0.71 0.41 0.34 0.25 -0.20 -0.87

NORTHERN EUROPE 0.39 0.53 0.76 0.56 0.38 0.19 0.19 0.30 0.23 0.25 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 0.73 0.73 1.01 1.07 0.85 0.29 0.85 1.03 0.30 0.37 Denmark ................................................ 0.77 0.63 0.76 0.71 0.53 0.25 -0.04 0.10 0.34 0.41 Estonia .................................................. 1.04 0.94 1.20 1.11 0.96 0.56 0.69 0.54 -1.70 -0.98 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 0.24 1.48 1.18 1.20 1.06 1.25 0.96 0.78 -1.45 1.05 Finland (9) ............................................. 1.10 0.90 0.60 0.18 0.45 0.29 0.51 0.34 0.48 0.26 Iceland .................................................. 2.00 2.16 1.74 1.22 1.32 0.91 1.13 1.08 0.97 0.99 Ireland ................................................... -0.33 -0.60 0.29 0.53 1.46 1.36 0.79 -0.14 0.53 1.05 Isle of Man ............................................. -1.06 -1.59 0.90 2.22 1.43 1.32 -0.21 1.74 0.53 1.25 Latvia .................................................... 0.67 1.03 1.32 0.81 0.81 0.45 0.53 0.64 -1.35 -0.91 Lithuania ................................................ 0.47 1.11 1.34 1.10 1.01 0.66 0.76 0.85 -0.37 -0.71 Norway (10) ........................................... 0.97 0.88 0.78 0.81 0.66 0.39 0.33 0.42 0.55 0.59 Sweden ................................................. 0.69 0.59 0.67 0.78 0.37 0.29 0.10 0.49 0.62 0.09 United Kingdom ..................................... 0.23 0.45 0.74 0.48 0.20 0.03 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.31

SOUTHERN EUROPE 0.83 0.77 0.82 0.68 0.82 0.79 0.38 0.25 0.22 0.27 Albania .................................................. 2.53 3.10 2.99 2.66 2.34 2.14 2.03 2.13 -0.87 -0.45 Andorra ................................................. 7.94 7.45 6.52 5.48 4.80 3.74 4.78 2.14 4.07 0.54 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 2.02 1.54 1.32 0.97 1.00 0.87 1.04 0.89 -4.61 2.03 Croatia .................................................. 0.59 0.39 0.37 0.23 0.45 0.52 0.43 0.20 0.66 -0.71 Gibraltar ................................................ 0.50 0.47 1.54 1.16 0.63 0.87 0.04 0.18 0.34 0.05 Greece .................................................. 1.03 0.90 0.52 0.56 0.57 1.28 0.60 0.45 0.95 0.59 Holy See (11) ......................................... 0.02 — -1.16 -5.54 2.36 -0.08 0.57 0.61 0.28 0.15 Italy ....................................................... 0.64 0.63 0.75 0.65 0.59 0.36 0.06 0.04 0.20 0.14 Malta ..................................................... 0.13 -0.13 -0.45 -0.15 0.10 1.27 1.21 0.90 0.96 0.58 Montenegro ........................................... 1.47 1.69 1.64 0.47 1.13 0.96 -0.00 0.38 1.20 1.45 Portugal ................................................. 0.48 0.57 0.32 -0.72 0.93 1.43 0.50 -0.06 0.09 0.39 San Marino ............................................ 1.51 2.23 2.46 1.94 0.56 1.63 1.26 1.15 1.24 0.95 Serbia .................................................... 1.39 0.99 0.79 0.71 0.87 0.94 0.72 0.63 1.27 -0.13 Slovenia ................................................. 0.79 0.61 0.63 0.48 0.85 1.01 0.56 0.44 0.39 0.20 Spain ..................................................... 0.83 0.84 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.01 0.47 0.22 0.27 0.42 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 1.92 0.56 1.24 1.14 1.33 1.37 0.37 0.87 0.56 0.46

WESTERN EUROPE 0.66 0.84 1.03 0.70 0.42 0.15 0.16 0.49 0.56 0.27 Austria ................................................... 0.03 0.29 0.62 0.53 0.30 -0.08 0.08 0.39 0.80 0.16 Belgium ................................................. 0.53 0.65 0.64 0.38 0.30 0.10 -0.02 0.24 0.30 0.22 France ................................................... 0.75 1.01 1.30 0.81 0.75 0.44 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.34 Germany ................................................ 0.56 0.70 0.85 0.57 0.13 -0.10 -0.15 0.45 0.55 0.16 Liechtenstein ......................................... 1.51 2.20 2.44 2.64 1.73 1.59 1.48 1.32 1.30 1.20 Luxembourg ........................................... 0.60 0.58 1.08 0.46 1.13 0.29 0.14 0.81 1.34 1.35 Monaco ................................................. 0.39 1.63 0.55 0.81 1.20 0.72 1.68 1.21 0.95 0.26 Netherlands ........................................... 1.22 1.32 1.36 1.17 0.94 0.70 0.48 0.62 0.67 0.59 Switzerland ............................................ 1.18 1.48 1.77 1.10 0.49 -0.06 0.67 0.89 0.86 0.36


CARIBBEAN 1.90 1.96 2.16 1.88 1.75 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.25 1.09 Anguilla ................................................. 1.32 1.10 1.27 1.49 1.03 0.17 0.87 4.10 2.66 1.71 Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 2.56 0.76 2.36 2.36 1.96 -1.09 -1.30 -1.80 1.86 2.44 Aruba .................................................... 2.77 2.36 1.83 1.03 0.80 0.58 1.21 -0.30 5.32 1.67 Bahamas ............................................... 2.27 4.26 4.96 3.79 2.13 2.13 2.10 1.78 1.88 1.56 Barbados ............................................... 1.49 0.29 0.39 0.30 0.56 0.28 0.86 0.85 0.63 0.46 British Virgin Islands ............................... 0.58 0.90 1.89 2.15 1.33 0.99 3.81 4.27 2.24 2.12 Cayman Islands ..................................... 1.16 3.91 1.68 1.68 5.39 5.55 3.46 4.80 4.46 4.04 Cuba ..................................................... 1.99 1.76 2.15 1.83 1.59 0.81 0.53 1.00 0.60 0.38





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.07 -0.02 -0.09 -0.14 -0.19 -0.23 -0.27 -0.30 -0.33 -0.36 EUROPE

-0.47 -0.48 -0.51 -0.56 -0.62 -0.68 -0.72 -0.74 -0.78 -0.82 EASTERN EUROPE-0.52 -0.55 -0.57 -0.63 -0.70 -0.76 -0.81 -0.87 -0.94 -1.01 Belarus ..................................................-0.66 -0.72 -0.80 -0.87 -0.96 -1.02 -1.07 -1.11 -1.16 -1.24 Bulgaria .................................................-0.06 -0.03 -0.09 -0.17 -0.27 -0.37 -0.45 -0.48 -0.50 -0.52 Czech Republic ......................................-0.25 -0.29 -0.32 -0.34 -0.36 -0.40 -0.45 -0.47 -0.46 -0.44 Hungary .................................................-1.34 -0.90 -0.34 -0.36 -0.48 -0.62 -0.73 -0.79 -0.82 -0.88 Moldova .................................................-0.12 -0.15 -0.17 -0.27 -0.40 -0.55 -0.67 -0.75 -0.82 -0.88 Poland ...................................................-0.47 -0.45 -0.53 -0.51 -0.59 -0.66 -0.73 -0.80 -0.88 -0.97 Romania ................................................-0.48 -0.51 -0.55 -0.61 -0.65 -0.68 -0.68 -0.68 -0.70 -0.72 Russian Federation ................................-0.00 0.03 -0.02 -0.10 -0.22 -0.35 -0.46 -0.53 -0.60 -0.66 Slovakia .................................................-0.81 -0.76 -0.79 -0.82 -0.88 -0.94 -0.97 -1.01 -1.05 -1.11 Ukraine ..................................................

0.43 0.41 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.26 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.12 NORTHERN EUROPE0.26 0.19 0.11 0.07 0.03 -0.04 -0.13 -0.23 -0.30 -0.34 Channel Islands (8) ................................0.30 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.01 -0.06 -0.11 -0.11 Denmark ................................................

-0.38 -0.35 -0.33 -0.34 -0.41 -0.45 -0.44 -0.40 -0.38 -0.40 Estonia ..................................................0.76 0.68 0.60 0.55 0.48 0.41 0.32 0.25 0.21 0.18 Faeroe Islands .......................................0.27 0.29 0.23 0.18 0.11 0.02 -0.07 -0.12 -0.12 -0.10 Finland (9) .............................................1.02 0.84 0.75 0.56 0.48 0.39 0.29 0.19 0.10 0.02 Iceland ..................................................1.71 1.77 1.20 1.01 0.85 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.58 0.48 Ireland ...................................................0.46 0.04 0.01 -0.02 -0.06 -0.14 -0.24 -0.31 -0.34 -0.35 Isle of Man .............................................

-0.66 -0.52 -0.49 -0.51 -0.58 -0.59 -0.66 -0.66 -0.63 -0.63 Latvia ....................................................-0.45 -0.53 -0.44 -0.47 -0.55 -0.52 -0.60 -0.64 -0.67 -0.69 Lithuania ................................................0.66 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.52 0.43 0.34 0.29 0.27 Norway (10) ...........................................0.38 0.45 0.42 0.45 0.41 0.32 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.24 Sweden .................................................0.46 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.36 0.30 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.16 United Kingdom .....................................

0.61 0.34 0.13 -0.01 -0.08 -0.12 -0.14 -0.17 -0.21 -0.28 SOUTHERN EUROPE0.47 0.57 0.61 0.49 0.34 0.17 0.05 -0.05 -0.14 -0.25 Albania ..................................................2.01 0.36 0.13 -0.07 -0.20 -0.26 -0.33 -0.45 -0.63 -0.82 Andorra .................................................0.66 0.13 -0.22 -0.34 -0.44 -0.53 -0.61 -0.69 -0.77 -0.83 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................0.20 -0.09 -0.34 -0.39 -0.44 -0.50 -0.57 -0.61 -0.62 -0.64 Croatia ..................................................1.22 0.08 0.04 0.02 -0.03 -0.15 -0.25 -0.30 -0.32 -0.32 Gibraltar ................................................0.23 0.21 0.10 0.00 -0.07 -0.10 -0.12 -0.14 -0.18 -0.23 Greece ..................................................

-0.10 0.05 — — -0.23 -0.29 -0.29 -0.03 0.13 0.21 Holy See (11) .........................................0.33 0.13 -0.01 -0.14 -0.18 -0.19 -0.21 -0.23 -0.28 -0.33 Italy .......................................................0.69 0.43 0.39 0.33 0.23 0.11 -0.01 -0.08 -0.09 -0.07 Malta .....................................................

-1.95 -0.27 0.15 0.20 0.09 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.10 -0.15 Montenegro ...........................................0.58 0.37 0.15 -0.03 -0.15 -0.20 -0.23 -0.27 -0.33 -0.39 Portugal .................................................2.29 0.81 0.54 0.28 0.19 0.11 0.03 -0.04 -0.13 -0.20 San Marino ............................................

-0.54 0.13 0.09 0.02 -0.05 -0.09 -0.11 -0.12 -0.15 -0.19 Serbia ....................................................0.16 0.01 -0.08 -0.20 -0.32 -0.42 -0.49 -0.55 -0.61 -0.67 Slovenia .................................................1.52 0.77 0.39 0.19 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.03 -0.13 Spain .....................................................0.24 0.08 -0.04 -0.12 -0.23 -0.36 -0.46 -0.56 -0.64 -0.71 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

0.34 0.20 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 -0.02 -0.08 -0.12 -0.14 WESTERN EUROPE0.44 0.36 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.05 -0.02 -0.08 -0.11 -0.13 Austria ...................................................0.40 0.24 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.07 0.01 -0.05 -0.10 -0.13 Belgium .................................................0.60 0.49 0.39 0.34 0.29 0.25 0.21 0.15 0.09 0.04 France ...................................................0.08 -0.07 -0.13 -0.16 -0.20 -0.25 -0.30 -0.34 -0.36 -0.37 Germany ................................................1.03 0.89 0.79 0.74 0.68 0.61 0.51 0.42 0.35 0.32 Liechtenstein .........................................0.89 1.13 1.08 1.08 1.11 1.10 1.03 0.94 0.87 0.84 Luxembourg ...........................................0.30 0.33 0.39 0.45 0.43 0.33 0.23 0.18 0.19 0.24 Monaco .................................................0.50 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.24 0.21 0.14 0.05 -0.03 -0.05 Netherlands ...........................................0.44 0.38 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.31 0.24 0.19 0.17 0.20 Switzerland ............................................


0.96 0.86 0.80 0.73 0.64 0.51 0.38 0.26 0.15 0.04 CARIBBEAN1.74 1.41 1.31 1.10 0.89 0.71 0.59 0.47 0.34 0.22 Anguilla .................................................1.57 1.16 1.02 0.90 0.77 0.64 0.52 0.39 0.27 0.16 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................2.60 0.01 0.41 0.24 0.16 0.10 -0.01 -0.14 -0.28 -0.35 Aruba ....................................................1.29 1.20 1.11 0.96 0.85 0.73 0.61 0.46 0.35 0.28 Bahamas ...............................................0.38 0.32 0.25 0.16 0.04 -0.13 -0.31 -0.47 -0.59 -0.71 Barbados ...............................................1.41 1.13 0.96 0.85 0.74 0.59 0.40 0.23 0.09 0.00 British Virgin Islands ...............................2.50 1.50 0.92 0.80 0.69 0.57 0.41 0.25 0.12 0.03 Cayman Islands .....................................0.21 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.03 -0.19 -0.36 -0.51 -0.65 -0.79 Cuba .....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Dominica ............................................... 2.37 0.57 0.65 1.13 0.98 1.45 -0.39 -0.80 -0.03 -0.08 Dominican Republic ............................... 3.10 3.34 3.30 3.03 2.71 2.39 2.15 1.98 1.88 1.75 Grenada ................................................ 1.10 2.07 1.02 -0.04 -0.43 -0.77 2.31 -0.80 0.51 0.42 Guadeloupe ........................................... 2.33 3.07 1.75 1.27 0.52 -0.10 1.65 1.92 0.76 0.75 Haiti ....................................................... 1.75 1.91 2.00 1.95 1.75 2.02 2.31 2.14 1.94 1.80 Jamaica ................................................. 1.89 1.10 1.55 1.20 1.48 1.16 1.48 0.62 0.96 0.82 Martinique .............................................. 2.04 2.73 2.00 0.89 0.18 -0.14 0.86 1.13 0.82 0.56 Montserrat ............................................. 1.10 -3.32 -0.43 -0.37 0.26 0.23 -1.02 -1.07 -0.95 -14.49 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 1.86 1.86 1.67 1.67 0.88 0.88 0.92 0.95 0.00 -1.08 Puerto Rico ............................................ 0.29 0.95 1.81 1.01 1.57 1.68 1.11 0.87 0.93 0.73 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 1.04 1.08 -0.80 -1.84 -0.27 -0.51 -0.55 -0.62 1.14 1.33 Saint Lucia ............................................. 0.92 0.75 1.37 1.57 1.05 1.45 1.39 1.68 1.19 0.88 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... 1.86 1.92 1.21 1.02 1.10 0.98 0.77 0.94 0.65 0.52 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 2.51 3.13 1.23 1.60 0.83 1.34 1.72 0.74 0.75 0.48 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 0.59 1.93 -0.19 -0.13 3.00 2.78 4.67 3.91 5.67 4.16 United States Virgin Islands .................... 1.83 2.11 8.38 5.12 5.84 2.75 1.23 -0.28 0.72 0.65

CENTRAL AMERICA 2.96 3.15 3.13 3.11 3.00 2.64 2.11 1.90 1.92 1.78 Belize .................................................... 2.98 2.97 2.82 2.76 1.73 1.45 2.52 2.60 2.85 2.67 Costa Rica ............................................. 3.12 3.33 3.42 2.81 2.38 2.70 2.78 2.63 2.44 2.46 El Salvador ............................................ 2.62 2.96 3.11 3.56 2.71 2.15 0.78 1.38 1.94 1.91 Guatemala ............................................. 2.80 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.71 2.45 2.47 2.31 2.32 2.31 Honduras ............................................... 2.90 3.06 3.22 2.68 2.87 3.13 3.05 2.90 2.60 2.13 Mexico ................................................... 3.01 3.22 3.18 3.17 3.09 2.65 2.05 1.79 1.78 1.65 Nicaragua .............................................. 2.97 3.21 3.02 3.10 3.14 3.01 2.63 2.17 2.38 1.82 Panama ................................................. 2.55 2.84 2.91 2.91 2.69 2.47 2.20 2.05 2.04 1.99

SOUTH AMERICA 2.76 2.71 2.73 2.47 2.32 2.27 2.16 1.92 1.68 1.53 Argentina ............................................... 1.97 1.71 1.56 1.45 1.67 1.51 1.52 1.45 1.34 1.15 Bolivia .................................................... 2.05 2.18 2.24 2.33 2.44 2.36 2.15 2.23 2.30 2.12 Brazil ..................................................... 3.06 2.91 2.96 2.59 2.38 2.35 2.25 1.88 1.56 1.50 Chile ...................................................... 2.13 2.44 2.47 2.03 1.69 1.41 1.60 1.70 1.77 1.37 Colombia ............................................... 2.89 2.96 2.99 2.81 2.35 2.28 2.14 1.99 1.85 1.71 Ecuador ................................................. 2.62 2.78 2.95 2.98 2.92 2.84 2.67 2.43 2.08 1.54 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... -0.53 -0.52 -0.68 -0.78 -0.77 -0.65 0.05 1.45 4.05 3.34 French Guiana ....................................... 2.30 2.55 4.12 3.71 3.06 3.98 5.08 5.58 3.51 3.49 Guyana .................................................. 2.78 3.14 2.52 1.90 0.68 0.72 -0.19 -0.62 0.23 -0.12 Paraguay ............................................... 2.56 2.60 2.66 2.64 2.43 2.62 2.93 2.75 2.44 2.17 Peru ...................................................... 2.55 2.71 2.88 2.80 2.78 2.67 2.39 2.17 1.84 1.46 Suriname ............................................... 3.02 2.97 2.72 2.28 -0.42 -0.46 1.47 0.97 0.66 0.96 Uruguay ................................................. 1.16 1.35 1.19 0.84 0.14 0.59 0.64 0.63 0.71 0.61 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 4.03 3.92 3.64 3.29 3.44 3.40 2.75 2.61 2.25 2.00

NORTHERN AMERICA 1.70 1.77 1.42 1.13 0.97 0.97 1.03 1.08 1.08 1.04 Bermuda ................................................ 1.74 1.91 1.77 1.16 0.95 0.65 0.62 0.68 0.54 0.46 Canada .................................................. 2.72 2.59 1.88 1.97 1.27 1.15 1.05 1.39 1.12 0.92 Greenland .............................................. 2.75 4.26 3.66 3.38 1.31 0.25 1.15 0.88 0.02 0.23 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 0.66 0.80 0.71 1.37 1.51 0.39 0.36 0.56 0.07 0.05 United States of America ........................ 1.61 1.69 1.37 1.05 0.93 0.95 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.05

OCEANIA 2.15 2.16 2.26 1.98 1.61 1.42 1.54 1.59 1.62 1.41

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 2.26 2.19 2.25 1.88 1.44 1.21 1.27 1.40 1.39 1.12 Australia (13) ......................................... 2.26 2.21 2.29 1.99 1.36 1.44 1.36 1.48 1.37 1.15 New Zealand .......................................... 2.26 2.10 2.05 1.41 1.79 0.19 0.84 0.98 1.48 0.96

MELANESIA 1.62 1.93 2.22 2.28 2.41 2.23 2.53 2.25 2.45 2.42 Fiji ......................................................... 3.01 3.18 3.27 2.29 2.03 1.91 2.24 0.41 1.19 0.86 New Caledonia ....................................... 0.85 2.85 3.15 2.85 4.04 2.03 1.70 1.93 2.42 2.15 Papua New Guinea ................................ 1.33 1.58 1.91 2.19 2.31 2.20 2.56 2.55 2.62 2.67 Solomon Islands .................................... 2.61 2.91 3.00 3.13 3.64 3.44 3.44 2.86 2.86 2.76 Vanuatu ................................................. 2.84 2.99 3.09 2.87 3.21 2.97 2.39 2.48 2.84 1.94

MICRONESIA 2.01 2.30 2.73 2.77 1.95 2.45 3.44 3.07 2.20 1.29 Guam .................................................... 1.11 1.35 2.37 2.37 2.20 2.22 2.28 2.28 1.67 1.28 Kiribati ................................................... 2.07 2.61 2.78 2.94 1.99 2.43 2.69 2.75 1.45 1.68 Marshall Islands ..................................... 1.33 1.08 3.29 3.31 4.53 3.57 4.52 4.20 1.51 0.44 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 3.38 3.23 3.19 3.24 0.55 2.89 3.22 2.34 2.15 -0.02 Nauru .................................................... 4.07 4.04 5.16 2.47 1.70 1.15 1.75 2.27 1.71 0.15





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-0.18 -0.29 0.07 0.14 0.37 0.18 -0.02 -0.14 -0.19 -0.26 Dominica ...............................................1.59 1.47 1.33 1.19 1.04 0.86 0.70 0.54 0.40 0.26 Dominican Republic ...............................0.94 0.02 0.13 0.21 0.14 -0.09 -0.36 -0.56 -0.68 -0.81 Grenada ................................................0.79 0.68 0.51 0.38 0.27 0.16 0.04 -0.10 -0.25 -0.37 Guadeloupe ...........................................1.62 1.58 1.47 1.35 1.21 1.09 0.99 0.87 0.75 0.62 Haiti .......................................................0.71 0.54 0.46 0.37 0.25 0.11 -0.05 -0.22 -0.36 -0.50 Jamaica .................................................0.51 0.28 0.14 0.04 -0.07 -0.21 -0.39 -0.57 -0.75 -0.92 Martinique ..............................................2.54 1.15 0.88 0.66 0.53 0.42 0.32 0.21 0.12 0.03 Montserrat .............................................0.62 1.33 0.54 0.21 0.03 -0.16 -0.32 -0.44 -0.55 -0.68 Netherlands Antilles ...............................0.58 0.54 0.51 0.44 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.05 0.01 -0.03 Puerto Rico ............................................1.30 1.27 1.20 1.07 0.90 0.74 0.60 0.48 0.37 0.26 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................1.09 1.12 1.04 0.91 0.75 0.61 0.51 0.43 0.32 0.19 Saint Lucia .............................................0.54 0.50 0.36 0.16 -0.05 -0.24 -0.41 -0.61 -0.86 -1.16 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........0.35 0.37 0.37 0.28 0.12 -0.02 -0.14 -0.22 -0.32 -0.43 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................5.19 1.37 1.06 0.86 0.73 0.60 0.45 0.28 0.10 -0.04 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................0.16 -0.03 -0.15 -0.24 -0.40 -0.65 -0.92 -1.13 -1.26 -1.33 United States Virgin Islands ....................

1.17 1.33 1.21 1.06 0.91 0.77 0.61 0.46 0.30 0.16 CENTRAL AMERICA2.38 2.08 1.83 1.59 1.41 1.20 1.01 0.87 0.75 0.63 Belize ....................................................1.93 1.50 1.32 1.14 1.01 0.87 0.72 0.58 0.44 0.32 Costa Rica .............................................1.47 1.37 1.25 1.21 1.08 0.94 0.80 0.66 0.51 0.37 El Salvador ............................................2.48 2.47 2.42 2.18 1.93 1.70 1.48 1.27 1.08 0.90 Guatemala .............................................1.96 1.95 1.89 1.68 1.45 1.23 1.03 0.84 0.72 0.60 Honduras ...............................................0.89 1.12 0.97 0.81 0.67 0.54 0.40 0.24 0.08 -0.07 Mexico ...................................................1.34 1.31 1.47 1.29 1.10 0.92 0.74 0.58 0.41 0.23 Nicaragua ..............................................1.82 1.65 1.46 1.30 1.16 1.01 0.85 0.70 0.55 0.43 Panama .................................................

1.38 1.25 1.12 0.98 0.84 0.71 0.57 0.45 0.34 0.23 SOUTH AMERICA0.98 1.00 0.93 0.83 0.72 0.61 0.50 0.43 0.36 0.27 Argentina ...............................................1.98 1.77 1.58 1.39 1.22 1.05 0.89 0.73 0.60 0.47 Bolivia ....................................................1.40 1.26 1.08 0.93 0.79 0.66 0.52 0.41 0.30 0.20 Brazil .....................................................1.11 1.00 0.90 0.78 0.66 0.52 0.39 0.27 0.16 0.06 Chile ......................................................1.51 1.27 1.13 0.99 0.85 0.71 0.56 0.42 0.29 0.17 Colombia ...............................................1.19 1.06 1.16 1.04 0.89 0.74 0.59 0.44 0.30 0.19 Ecuador .................................................0.52 0.59 0.52 0.40 0.28 0.17 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.15 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................3.02 2.41 2.18 2.02 1.86 1.66 1.45 1.26 1.11 0.99 French Guiana .......................................0.14 -0.22 -0.44 -0.44 -0.49 -0.68 -1.06 -1.48 -1.84 -2.12 Guyana ..................................................1.97 1.80 1.63 1.45 1.27 1.11 0.95 0.81 0.69 0.57 Paraguay ...............................................1.22 1.15 1.26 1.12 0.96 0.81 0.67 0.53 0.39 0.28 Peru ......................................................0.72 0.56 0.40 0.23 0.08 -0.07 -0.27 -0.49 -0.72 -0.94 Suriname ...............................................0.05 0.29 0.34 0.37 0.30 0.24 0.18 0.11 0.03 -0.04 Uruguay .................................................1.82 1.66 1.49 1.31 1.14 0.98 0.83 0.68 0.54 0.43 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

1.02 0.96 0.88 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.55 0.49 0.44 0.40 NORTHERN AMERICA0.41 0.25 0.15 0.11 0.05 -0.04 -0.14 -0.23 -0.30 -0.32 Bermuda ................................................1.00 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.71 0.62 0.53 0.45 0.41 0.39 Canada ..................................................0.43 0.60 0.59 0.53 0.38 0.19 0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 Greenland ..............................................0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.01 — Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................1.03 0.97 0.89 0.81 0.71 0.62 0.56 0.49 0.44 0.40 United States of America ........................

1.43 1.21 1.10 1.03 0.96 0.86 0.74 0.63 0.55 0.48 OCEANIA


2.21 1.87 1.64 1.52 1.44 1.31 1.14 0.97 0.82 0.70 MELANESIA0.65 0.62 0.46 0.31 0.39 0.29 0.17 0.03 -0.12 -0.26 Fiji .........................................................1.71 1.54 1.34 1.20 1.05 0.92 0.79 0.68 0.58 0.48 New Caledonia .......................................2.41 2.00 1.74 1.62 1.52 1.39 1.21 1.03 0.88 0.77 Papua New Guinea ................................2.57 2.33 2.08 1.88 1.72 1.55 1.38 1.21 1.04 0.89 Solomon Islands ....................................2.54 2.38 2.18 2.00 1.82 1.64 1.47 1.30 1.14 0.99 Vanuatu .................................................

1.59 1.33 1.23 1.18 1.08 0.93 0.79 0.65 0.52 0.43 MICRONESIA1.66 1.30 1.18 1.09 0.97 0.82 0.65 0.50 0.38 0.30 Guam ....................................................1.81 1.58 1.49 1.43 1.33 1.17 0.97 0.79 0.66 0.56 Kiribati ...................................................1.68 2.23 1.86 1.47 1.09 0.88 0.85 0.73 0.48 0.17 Marshall Islands .....................................0.55 0.46 0.58 0.74 0.78 0.63 0.46 0.26 0.07 -0.03 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............0.14 0.29 0.62 0.46 0.31 0.17 0.05 -0.05 -0.16 -0.25 Nauru ....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 2.67 4.46 1.91 3.34 2.87 2.28 11.59 7.54 5.52 3.57 Palau ..................................................... 2.45 2.82 1.72 1.28 1.34 0.35 2.15 1.82 2.66 2.45

POLYNESIA 2.60 2.80 2.97 2.78 1.10 1.33 1.21 1.35 1.31 1.11 American Samoa .................................... 0.74 0.45 3.27 2.92 1.90 1.54 3.86 3.55 2.22 1.61 Cook Islands .......................................... 1.65 2.18 0.76 2.42 -0.92 -2.81 0.14 -0.13 0.33 -2.46 French Polynesia ................................... 2.68 2.68 3.15 3.55 3.15 3.04 2.82 2.32 1.99 1.80 Niue ....................................................... 0.78 0.66 1.12 -0.27 -4.01 -3.75 -4.32 -3.99 -0.11 -3.59 Pitcairn .................................................. 1.91 0.28 -6.84 -2.70 -5.31 -1.82 -0.32 0.95 -1.27 -1.01 Samoa ................................................... 2.74 3.10 2.88 2.29 1.10 0.61 0.24 0.55 0.84 1.07 Tokelau ................................................. 0.37 3.05 -0.10 -3.17 -0.15 -0.17 0.47 0.11 -1.61 0.52 Tonga .................................................... 3.66 3.74 3.82 3.45 -1.00 0.71 -0.90 0.42 0.60 0.14 Tuvalu ................................................... 1.48 1.86 2.21 1.35 1.04 0.93 1.43 1.71 0.80 0.75 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... 2.15 1.87 1.49 -0.86 1.24 4.03 3.68 0.04 0.67 0.78






2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050


1.02 1.02 0.90 0.90 0.81 0.70 0.54 0.36 0.21 0.09 POLYNESIA2.31 2.00 1.73 1.57 1.46 1.30 1.08 0.84 0.69 0.60 American Samoa ....................................

-2.67 -2.23 -1.49 -0.24 -0.20 0.12 0.35 0.21 0.18 0.23 Cook Islands ..........................................1.59 1.31 1.21 1.05 0.85 0.68 0.54 0.44 0.34 0.24 French Polynesia ...................................

-2.80 -1.85 -1.41 -0.82 -0.05 0.39 0.25 0.16 0.01 -0.03 Niue .......................................................-2.97 — 0.40 1.51 -0.37 -0.37 — -0.38 -0.39 — Pitcairn ..................................................0.71 0.87 0.64 0.59 0.62 0.59 0.38 0.07 -0.22 -0.40 Samoa ...................................................

-1.59 -0.03 -0.01 0.27 -0.26 0.11 0.06 -0.09 0.07 -0.03 Tokelau .................................................0.26 0.50 0.35 0.77 0.72 0.63 0.50 0.37 0.24 0.11 Tonga ....................................................0.50 0.42 0.41 0.49 0.50 0.40 0.23 0.09 0.01 -0.01 Tuvalu ...................................................0.24 0.66 0.66 0.60 0.44 0.24 0.09 -0.02 -0.09 -0.17 Wallis and Futuna Islands ......................


Table A.9. Average annual rate of change of the percentage urbanby major area, region and country, 1950-2050



1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

WORLD 1.20 1.26 1.11 0.72 0.68 0.97 0.92 0.96 0.80 0.83




AFRICA 2.43 2.63 2.62 2.04 1.72 1.60 1.41 1.36 1.26 1.07

EASTERN AFRICA 3.37 3.25 3.44 3.46 3.45 3.43 2.00 1.93 1.66 1.27 Burundi .................................................. 1.65 1.65 1.63 1.49 6.02 5.98 3.70 3.66 2.79 2.75 Comoros (1) ........................................... 6.53 6.32 6.04 2.66 1.82 1.78 1.85 1.80 0.31 -0.16 Djibouti .................................................. 2.46 2.23 2.18 1.92 1.67 1.42 0.69 0.27 1.05 0.89 Eritrea ................................................... 3.20 3.15 3.10 2.02 1.32 1.31 1.17 0.74 0.98 1.38 Ethiopia ................................................. 3.37 3.34 3.30 2.48 1.93 1.91 1.91 1.94 1.93 1.39 Kenya .................................................... 2.77 2.74 3.12 3.59 4.53 3.92 1.56 1.41 0.80 0.79 Madagascar ........................................... 3.13 3.08 3.02 2.60 2.94 2.52 2.45 2.37 1.81 1.00 Malawi ................................................... 2.25 2.24 2.23 4.19 4.69 3.36 2.32 2.58 2.75 2.69 Mauritius (2) .......................................... 1.06 1.41 2.18 2.55 0.66 -0.51 -0.01 0.73 -0.28 -0.29 Mozambique .......................................... 4.35 4.32 4.57 4.53 8.17 8.21 4.89 4.62 4.35 3.15 Réunion ................................................. 3.46 3.24 3.00 1.76 1.30 3.69 4.78 3.58 1.17 0.85 Rwanda ................................................. 2.87 2.87 2.86 2.84 4.50 3.32 1.38 1.37 8.52 10.14 Seychelles ............................................. 0.04 0.16 3.60 3.30 3.38 1.30 -0.03 0.00 0.23 0.47 Somalia ................................................. 3.12 3.04 2.85 2.55 2.34 0.97 0.95 1.10 1.16 1.13 Uganda .................................................. 4.50 4.47 4.42 3.81 1.10 1.36 3.89 3.82 1.03 0.71 United Republic of Tanzania ................... 4.67 3.48 2.79 5.28 7.01 5.34 2.83 2.38 1.68 1.65 Zambia .................................................. 4.65 4.47 5.06 5.23 2.81 2.62 -0.08 -0.13 -1.20 -1.28 Zimbabwe .............................................. 1.70 1.68 2.96 3.44 2.70 2.37 2.55 2.63 1.81 1.24

MIDDLE AFRICA 2.37 2.36 3.39 3.37 1.75 1.30 1.10 1.23 1.32 1.35 Angola ................................................... 3.23 3.18 3.62 3.58 4.92 4.78 4.44 4.05 3.38 2.15 Cameroon .............................................. 4.06 3.96 3.83 3.69 5.92 3.13 2.53 2.33 2.15 1.91 Central African Republic ......................... 3.38 3.27 3.14 3.00 3.13 1.17 0.96 0.71 0.22 0.22 Chad ..................................................... 4.00 3.95 4.55 6.39 5.94 3.76 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.29 Congo ................................................... 2.43 2.32 2.20 2.07 2.01 2.02 1.75 0.79 0.75 0.66 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 1.56 1.53 3.15 2.98 -0.53 -0.54 -0.52 -0.11 0.43 0.97 Equatorial Guinea .................................. 5.50 4.54 0.74 0.34 0.34 0.33 1.43 2.98 2.23 -0.01 Gabon ................................................... 4.30 4.15 6.25 5.94 5.90 4.82 2.64 2.05 1.72 1.23 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... 1.77 1.74 6.13 6.03 1.39 1.13 2.56 2.75 2.16 1.88

NORTHERN AFRICA 2.08 1.96 2.16 1.42 1.14 0.93 1.06 1.01 0.87 0.74 Algeria ................................................... 3.26 3.08 4.20 0.96 0.42 1.53 1.94 1.65 1.45 1.32 Egypt ..................................................... 1.74 1.67 1.44 0.74 0.58 0.19 0.04 -0.21 -0.31 -0.08 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... 3.43 3.26 4.18 7.78 4.69 2.20 1.47 0.07 0.07 0.10 Morocco ................................................ 1.15 1.13 1.64 1.58 1.79 1.77 1.66 1.55 1.32 0.63 Sudan .................................................... 4.59 4.49 4.37 4.23 2.73 1.04 2.28 3.48 3.25 2.84 Tunisia ................................................... 1.75 1.25 1.15 1.81 1.80 1.22 1.25 1.47 1.18 0.63 Western Sahara ..................................... 0.06 0.06 2.97 3.02 7.28 4.92 1.67 0.46 0.23 -0.77


WESTERN AFRICA 3.83 4.88 4.09 2.76 2.46 2.34 2.07 1.85 1.62 1.54 Benin ..................................................... 6.33 6.20 6.00 5.75 5.44 4.43 2.38 2.26 1.28 0.84 Burkina Faso ......................................... 2.03 2.03 2.01 2.00 1.99 6.55 6.74 2.27 1.82 1.84 Cape Verde ........................................... 1.62 1.60 1.61 1.58 1.82 1.87 5.84 6.74 2.00 1.83 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... 5.51 5.96 6.53 2.79 2.70 2.72 0.71 0.76 0.80 1.02 Gambia .................................................. 1.68 1.66 3.62 5.88 4.51 3.02 3.00 2.97 2.70 2.27 Ghana ................................................... 4.24 3.95 2.29 2.11 0.74 0.72 1.08 2.05 1.93 1.82 Guinea ................................................... 4.49 4.40 4.29 4.16 4.00 3.82 2.39 1.03 1.01 1.04 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... 3.09 3.03 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.97 4.85 4.53 1.16 -0.08 Liberia ................................................... 3.68 3.56 3.42 3.26 3.10 2.93 2.70 2.34 1.98 1.65


Table A.9. Average annual rate of change of the percentage urban (continued)



2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.83 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.82 0.79 0.75 0.71 WORLD




1.05 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.15 1.16 1.13 1.08 1.03 0.98 AFRICA

1.31 1.38 1.56 1.71 1.85 1.92 1.86 1.77 1.68 1.59 EASTERN AFRICA2.81 2.88 2.93 2.97 2.97 2.88 2.78 2.67 2.55 2.42 Burundi ..................................................

-0.14 0.22 0.68 1.12 1.53 1.84 1.80 1.69 1.59 1.49 Comoros (1) ...........................................0.65 0.46 0.33 0.23 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 Djibouti ..................................................1.76 2.11 2.41 2.41 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.95 1.82 1.69 Eritrea ...................................................1.50 1.78 1.98 2.16 2.32 2.42 2.34 2.22 2.10 1.97 Ethiopia .................................................1.00 1.34 1.66 1.95 2.19 2.17 2.06 1.94 1.82 1.70 Kenya ....................................................0.99 1.15 1.35 1.52 1.67 1.76 1.68 1.57 1.46 1.35 Madagascar ...........................................2.66 2.63 2.58 2.52 2.45 2.34 2.21 2.08 1.95 1.81 Malawi ...................................................

-0.18 0.13 0.47 0.80 1.09 1.27 1.20 1.12 1.04 0.97 Mauritius (2) ..........................................2.34 2.16 1.95 1.76 1.57 1.40 1.29 1.18 1.08 0.99 Mozambique ..........................................0.55 0.35 0.22 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 Réunion .................................................4.84 1.45 1.70 1.93 2.14 2.31 2.27 2.15 2.04 1.91 Rwanda .................................................0.70 0.91 1.02 0.96 0.89 0.83 0.76 0.70 0.65 0.59 Seychelles .............................................1.13 1.25 1.35 1.43 1.48 1.47 1.37 1.27 1.17 1.08 Somalia .................................................0.76 1.16 1.60 2.02 2.42 2.68 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.28 Uganda ..................................................1.63 1.73 1.82 1.90 1.96 1.96 1.85 1.73 1.61 1.49 United Republic of Tanzania ...................0.11 0.40 0.71 1.01 1.28 1.50 1.47 1.38 1.28 1.19 Zambia ..................................................1.22 1.29 1.36 1.41 1.44 1.43 1.34 1.24 1.14 1.05 Zimbabwe ..............................................


0.74 0.71 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.89 0.83 0.77 0.72 NORTHERN AFRICA1.14 0.98 0.84 0.71 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.47 0.43 0.39 Algeria ...................................................0.00 0.07 0.36 0.65 0.92 1.15 1.23 1.15 1.07 1.00 Egypt .....................................................0.17 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ..........................0.60 0.63 0.69 0.74 0.77 0.79 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.59 Morocco ................................................2.44 2.08 1.75 1.50 1.37 1.26 1.15 1.04 0.94 0.84 Sudan ....................................................0.60 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.49 0.45 0.42 0.39 Tunisia ...................................................

-0.75 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 Western Sahara .....................................


1.43 1.36 1.27 1.21 1.15 1.10 1.02 0.95 0.89 0.82 WESTERN AFRICA0.86 0.99 1.11 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.20 1.11 1.02 0.94 Benin .....................................................2.00 2.15 2.28 2.39 2.40 2.29 2.17 2.04 1.91 1.77 Burkina Faso .........................................1.43 1.24 1.07 0.91 0.78 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.47 Cape Verde ...........................................1.46 1.37 1.27 1.17 1.07 0.98 0.91 0.83 0.76 0.70 Côte d'Ivoire ..........................................1.86 1.52 1.23 1.01 0.92 0.84 0.76 0.69 0.62 0.55 Gambia ..................................................1.66 1.50 1.34 1.20 1.06 0.97 0.89 0.82 0.74 0.68 Ghana ...................................................1.22 1.38 1.53 1.64 1.66 1.55 1.44 1.34 1.23 1.13 Guinea ...................................................

-0.06 0.27 0.70 1.11 1.48 1.76 1.71 1.61 1.51 1.41 Guinea-Bissau .......................................1.37 1.14 1.03 0.94 0.86 0.78 0.70 0.63 0.56 0.50 Liberia ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Mali ....................................................... 2.69 2.65 2.61 2.56 2.51 2.58 2.56 2.09 1.80 1.76 Mauritania .............................................. 8.04 7.89 7.66 7.34 6.90 5.71 4.91 2.51 0.08 0.08 Niger ..................................................... 1.77 1.76 3.23 5.12 5.22 3.26 1.56 1.11 0.52 0.52 Nigeria ................................................... 3.64 5.53 4.37 2.43 2.35 2.26 2.16 2.05 1.94 1.79 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... -0.50 -0.51 -0.52 -0.53 -0.55 -0.56 -0.57 -0.58 -0.60 -0.55 Senegal ................................................. 2.94 2.84 2.72 2.59 2.32 1.20 0.97 0.73 0.43 0.42 Sierra Leone .......................................... 3.22 3.13 3.03 2.92 2.68 1.68 1.63 0.85 0.76 0.74 Togo ...................................................... 8.47 8.22 7.85 7.06 1.49 1.46 1.92 2.06 1.98 1.89

ASIA 1.61 1.75 1.60 1.06 1.12 1.87 1.92 1.93 1.50 1.49

EASTERN ASIA 1.84 2.28 1.81 0.58 0.44 1.96 2.31 2.68 2.06 1.99 China (4) ............................................... 1.74 2.42 1.86 -0.19 — 2.43 3.15 3.51 2.70 2.64 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... — — 0.28 0.30 0.44 0.39 0.31 1.37 0.10 — China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... -0.15 -0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.17 0.08 0.03 0.02 Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. 2.69 2.51 2.30 3.68 0.90 0.07 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.35 Japan .................................................... 2.19 2.05 1.90 2.32 1.32 0.94 0.33 0.82 0.48 0.18 Mongolia ................................................ 5.72 5.86 3.32 1.35 1.54 1.36 1.10 0.71 -0.08 -0.08 Republic of Korea .................................. 2.66 2.55 3.10 4.59 3.31 3.32 2.69 2.59 1.16 0.35

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) 1.01 0.88 1.21 1.25 1.64 1.83 1.23 1.02 0.79 0.80 Afghanistan ............................................ 3.23 3.19 3.14 3.30 3.71 3.33 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.49 Bangladesh ............................................ 1.81 1.83 3.80 4.02 5.18 8.24 3.28 2.49 1.82 1.68 Bhutan ................................................... 5.40 5.36 5.30 5.23 5.15 5.04 4.89 4.72 4.51 4.26 India ...................................................... 0.62 0.39 0.94 1.01 1.53 1.59 1.05 0.96 0.80 0.79 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ 2.07 1.98 1.88 2.12 2.09 1.65 1.44 1.07 1.34 1.27 Kazakhstan ............................................ 2.12 1.78 1.25 1.31 0.91 0.59 0.68 0.09 -0.12 0.13 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. 2.88 2.22 0.95 0.88 0.38 0.23 -0.13 -0.32 -0.77 -0.53 Maldives ................................................ 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.75 7.50 5.03 2.72 0.27 -0.16 1.56 Nepal ..................................................... 2.63 2.62 1.43 1.14 3.99 4.64 3.86 3.63 4.15 4.19 Pakistan ................................................ 2.36 2.29 1.23 1.08 1.19 1.27 0.89 0.82 0.81 0.82 Sri Lanka ............................................... 0.41 0.98 1.40 2.04 -0.03 -0.74 -0.86 -0.89 -0.90 -0.91 Tajikistan ............................................... 1.23 1.20 1.16 0.96 -0.74 -0.71 -0.62 -0.97 -1.83 -1.73 Turkmenistan ......................................... 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.27 -0.09 -0.20 -0.47 -0.41 0.10 0.24 Uzbekistan ............................................. 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.79 1.25 0.84 -0.05 -0.28 -0.85 -0.62

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 1.84 1.75 1.46 1.52 1.60 1.86 2.17 2.14 2.21 2.36 Brunei Darussalam ................................. 5.15 4.53 3.85 3.17 0.10 -0.69 0.77 1.12 0.83 0.72 Cambodia .............................................. 0.08 0.08 1.03 7.77 -25.74 14.20 6.79 — 2.33 3.55 Indonesia ............................................... 1.63 1.61 1.59 1.56 2.47 2.70 3.32 3.18 3.01 3.33 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... 0.93 0.93 0.93 2.91 2.82 2.21 2.18 2.24 2.37 4.70 Malaysia ................................................ 2.80 2.55 2.35 2.24 2.36 2.21 1.75 1.63 2.24 2.14 Myanmar ............................................... 1.73 1.75 1.74 1.70 0.95 0.08 0.14 0.54 0.98 1.40 Philippines ............................................. 1.12 1.08 0.84 0.85 1.51 1.05 2.77 2.50 2.04 1.61 Singapore .............................................. 0.11 — — — — — — — — — Thailand ................................................. 1.81 1.73 0.55 0.65 2.57 2.40 0.95 0.92 0.57 0.56 Timor-Leste ........................................... 0.20 0.20 2.36 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.38 2.32 1.56 1.48 Viet Nam ................................................ 2.35 2.31 2.21 2.17 0.52 0.49 0.32 0.70 1.84 1.78

WESTERN ASIA 2.38 2.20 2.15 2.13 1.75 1.26 1.97 1.29 0.45 0.42 Armenia ................................................. 1.93 1.78 1.63 1.47 1.21 0.74 0.32 0.12 -0.35 -0.36 Azerbaijan .............................................. 1.31 1.02 0.45 0.49 0.74 0.34 0.27 0.09 -0.58 -0.39 Bahrain .................................................. 3.19 1.72 0.04 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.06 -0.00 Cyprus ................................................... 2.61 1.94 1.39 1.30 2.97 4.30 1.97 0.64 0.37 0.18 Georgia ................................................. 1.29 1.24 1.18 1.11 0.85 0.83 0.84 0.44 -0.44 -0.45 Iraq ........................................................ 1.38 2.62 3.32 2.06 1.78 1.31 0.97 0.27 -0.27 -0.28 Israel ..................................................... — 1.58 1.04 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.28 0.12 0.11 0.12 Jordan ................................................... 3.11 3.26 1.29 0.62 0.59 0.78 2.00 1.73 1.59 0.01 Kuwait ................................................... 2.40 1.54 1.14 1.55 0.85 1.17 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.02 Lebanon ................................................ 2.52 3.08 3.69 3.10 2.38 1.91 1.50 0.91 0.40 0.28 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ 1.71 1.62 2.09 2.10 1.86 0.93 0.86 0.80 0.74 0.30 Oman .................................................... 6.60 6.31 6.18 5.67 5.06 4.38 3.65 2.94 1.62 -0.03 Qatar ..................................................... 0.80 0.68 0.46 0.26 0.12 0.10 0.16 0.46 0.40 0.18 Saudi Arabia .......................................... 3.96 3.70 4.31 4.55 3.63 2.42 1.96 1.06 0.54 0.30 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 1.87 1.78 1.69 1.60 0.78 0.72 0.50 0.43 0.46 0.62 Turkey ................................................... 2.84 1.97 1.65 2.21 1.68 1.03 3.61 2.42 0.96 0.83 United Arab Emirates ............................. 3.39 2.59 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.27 -0.23 -0.18 -0.18 -0.14 Yemen ................................................... 4.54 4.47 3.84 3.75 2.20 2.16 2.11 2.61 2.54 2.01





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

1.78 1.81 1.82 1.81 1.76 1.65 1.54 1.42 1.31 1.20 Mali .......................................................0.20 0.51 0.79 1.05 1.28 1.31 1.22 1.14 1.05 0.97 Mauritania ..............................................0.13 0.46 1.01 1.54 2.04 2.43 2.40 2.30 2.19 2.08 Niger .....................................................1.65 1.51 1.38 1.26 1.17 1.07 0.98 0.89 0.81 0.73 Nigeria ...................................................

-0.16 0.30 0.74 1.15 1.40 1.34 1.25 1.17 1.09 1.01 Saint Helena (3) .....................................0.44 0.64 0.84 1.03 1.18 1.26 1.18 1.10 1.01 0.93 Senegal .................................................0.73 0.84 1.01 1.17 1.30 1.40 1.35 1.26 1.16 1.07 Sierra Leone ..........................................1.79 1.68 1.56 1.44 1.32 1.21 1.12 1.03 0.95 0.86 Togo ......................................................

1.40 1.33 1.27 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.11 1.04 0.97 0.91 ASIA

1.91 1.71 1.52 1.33 1.16 1.05 0.98 0.90 0.82 0.75 EASTERN ASIA2.44 2.12 1.82 1.56 1.33 1.18 1.08 0.99 0.90 0.81 China (4) ...............................................


0.47 0.57 0.65 0.71 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.45 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..0.23 0.26 0.34 0.42 0.48 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.41 Japan ....................................................0.05 0.26 0.46 0.64 0.79 0.78 0.73 0.67 0.62 0.58 Mongolia ................................................0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 Republic of Korea ..................................

0.78 0.99 1.21 1.40 1.55 1.63 1.57 1.47 1.38 1.28 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)1.46 1.58 1.73 1.86 1.97 2.03 1.93 1.82 1.70 1.58 Afghanistan ............................................1.69 1.78 1.86 1.91 1.95 1.88 1.77 1.65 1.53 1.41 Bangladesh ............................................3.97 3.45 2.84 2.30 1.84 1.46 1.28 1.17 1.06 0.96 Bhutan ...................................................0.73 0.93 1.19 1.42 1.63 1.77 1.69 1.59 1.48 1.37 India ......................................................0.83 0.75 0.67 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.34 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................0.29 0.49 0.60 0.65 0.69 0.72 0.71 0.66 0.61 0.56 Kazakhstan ............................................0.23 0.47 0.77 1.05 1.31 1.48 1.42 1.33 1.24 1.15 Kyrgyzstan .............................................4.05 3.53 2.83 2.23 1.73 1.32 1.11 1.01 0.92 0.82 Maldives ................................................3.20 2.90 2.79 2.66 2.53 2.39 2.27 2.14 2.01 1.87 Nepal .....................................................1.00 1.20 1.37 1.51 1.57 1.48 1.38 1.28 1.18 1.08 Pakistan ................................................

-0.74 -0.01 0.74 1.47 2.18 2.54 2.46 2.36 2.26 2.16 Sri Lanka ...............................................-0.08 0.11 0.59 1.06 1.50 1.88 1.89 1.79 1.68 1.58 Tajikistan ...............................................0.63 0.91 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.02 0.95 0.88 0.81 0.74 Turkmenistan .........................................

-0.31 0.14 0.59 1.01 1.39 1.47 1.39 1.30 1.21 1.12 Uzbekistan .............................................

2.08 1.79 1.52 1.30 1.12 1.03 0.95 0.88 0.81 0.74 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA0.65 0.58 0.51 0.44 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.25 Brunei Darussalam .................................3.08 2.90 2.70 2.51 2.32 2.15 2.02 1.89 1.75 1.62 Cambodia ..............................................2.73 2.18 1.72 1.34 1.04 0.90 0.82 0.74 0.67 0.60 Indonesia ...............................................4.40 3.84 3.17 2.57 2.05 1.61 1.42 1.30 1.18 1.07 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........1.74 1.30 0.97 0.71 0.51 0.42 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.29 Malaysia ................................................1.79 2.02 1.94 1.83 1.72 1.61 1.50 1.39 1.27 1.16 Myanmar ...............................................1.37 1.14 0.94 0.77 0.63 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 Philippines .............................................

— — — — — — — — — — Singapore ..............................................0.73 1.00 1.25 1.47 1.64 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 Thailand .................................................1.44 1.51 1.63 1.72 1.80 1.84 1.77 1.66 1.54 1.43 Timor-Leste ...........................................1.68 1.75 1.82 1.86 1.89 1.85 1.73 1.61 1.50 1.38 Viet Nam ................................................

0.40 0.38 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.41 WESTERN ASIA-0.32 -0.11 0.12 0.34 0.54 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.47 Armenia .................................................0.13 0.25 0.45 0.63 0.80 0.92 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72 Azerbaijan ..............................................0.01 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 Bahrain ..................................................0.20 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.46 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 Cyprus ...................................................

-0.08 0.18 0.38 0.57 0.74 0.88 0.89 0.82 0.76 0.71 Georgia .................................................-0.28 -0.15 0.04 0.22 0.40 0.54 0.54 0.51 0.47 0.44 Iraq ........................................................0.04 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 Israel .....................................................0.01 0.06 0.13 0.19 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 Jordan ...................................................0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Kuwait ...................................................0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 Lebanon ................................................0.03 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.40 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.32 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................

-0.02 0.06 0.17 0.28 0.37 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 Oman ....................................................0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Qatar .....................................................0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.18 Saudi Arabia ..........................................0.60 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.80 0.83 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.63 Syrian Arab Republic .............................0.77 0.69 0.63 0.57 0.52 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.34 Turkey ...................................................

-0.03 0.09 0.19 0.29 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 United Arab Emirates .............................1.94 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.75 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.36 1.25 Yemen ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

EUROPE 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.91 0.91 0.69 0.41 0.32 0.14 0.11

EASTERN EUROPE 2.21 1.92 1.60 1.34 1.35 1.02 0.75 0.52 0.05 0.02 Belarus .................................................. 1.90 2.32 3.25 2.87 2.80 2.20 1.80 1.30 0.58 0.58 Bulgaria ................................................. 3.10 2.82 4.19 2.67 1.92 1.52 0.79 0.55 0.41 0.32 Czech Republic ...................................... 0.97 0.92 0.81 0.76 1.64 1.45 0.05 -0.04 -0.15 -0.18 Hungary ................................................. 0.53 0.54 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.62 0.28 0.23 -0.19 -0.20 Moldova ................................................. 3.58 3.43 3.26 3.03 2.44 2.18 1.79 1.14 -0.20 -0.75 Poland ................................................... 2.39 2.06 0.91 0.78 1.18 0.99 0.63 0.44 0.07 0.07 Romania ................................................ 3.56 2.22 1.94 1.34 1.21 1.46 1.49 1.39 0.28 -0.18 Russian Federation ................................ 2.06 1.87 1.65 1.36 1.36 0.83 0.63 0.38 -0.01 -0.01 Slovakia ................................................. 1.10 1.08 2.03 2.06 2.39 2.20 0.96 0.84 0.02 -0.10 Ukraine .................................................. 3.06 2.46 1.58 1.59 1.26 1.10 0.95 0.63 0.06 0.06

NORTHERN EUROPE 0.21 0.24 0.36 0.32 1.24 0.98 0.16 0.07 0.09 0.09 Channel Islands (8) ................................ -0.66 -0.68 -0.69 -0.71 -1.08 -1.19 -0.24 -0.28 -0.56 -0.04 Denmark ................................................ 0.48 1.14 0.89 0.69 0.60 0.38 0.15 0.12 0.03 0.03 Estonia .................................................. 1.53 1.41 1.28 1.14 0.80 0.62 0.30 0.10 -0.33 -0.17 Faeroe Islands ....................................... 1.37 2.79 3.56 1.79 1.63 0.56 -0.27 -0.11 0.22 3.22 Finland (9) ............................................. 1.83 1.70 2.86 2.69 2.95 0.53 -0.01 0.53 -0.02 -0.08 Iceland .................................................. 1.06 0.90 0.59 0.52 0.41 0.36 0.29 0.26 0.19 0.13 Ireland ................................................... 1.73 0.94 1.22 1.20 0.73 0.62 0.34 0.22 0.35 0.42 Isle of Man ............................................. 0.41 0.40 0.42 -0.17 -1.27 -0.24 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.02 Latvia .................................................... 1.28 1.31 1.45 1.32 1.10 0.90 0.43 0.20 -0.14 -0.20 Lithuania ................................................ 3.35 2.95 2.38 2.17 2.33 1.87 1.23 0.77 -0.09 -0.09 Norway (10) ........................................... -0.09 -0.12 2.85 2.55 0.84 0.68 0.22 0.18 0.50 0.62 Sweden ................................................. 1.05 0.91 1.22 1.01 0.41 0.09 0.00 — 0.17 0.05 United Kingdom ..................................... -0.07 -0.07 -0.16 -0.18 1.39 1.23 0.16 0.01 0.07 0.08

SOUTHERN EUROPE 1.12 1.08 1.34 1.32 0.83 0.69 0.31 0.23 0.26 0.22 Albania .................................................. 5.38 2.67 0.34 0.32 0.60 0.63 0.77 0.75 1.32 1.40 Andorra ................................................. 4.49 3.70 3.73 2.58 1.70 1.07 0.66 -0.09 -0.22 -0.27 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... 3.37 3.26 3.62 3.51 2.80 2.55 1.12 0.86 0.90 1.03 Croatia .................................................. 3.10 2.94 2.97 2.78 2.31 2.08 0.87 0.66 0.31 0.25 Gibraltar ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Greece .................................................. 1.40 1.37 2.05 1.99 1.04 0.86 0.24 0.14 0.15 0.15 Holy See (11) ......................................... — — — — — — — — — — Italy ....................................................... 0.99 0.86 0.82 0.77 0.42 0.30 0.06 -0.03 0.06 0.09 Malta ..................................................... 0.22 0.06 -0.07 -0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.12 0.31 Montenegro ........................................... 3.97 3.83 3.66 3.48 3.27 3.04 2.79 2.53 2.10 1.85 Portugal ................................................. 1.10 1.18 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.96 1.14 1.12 1.29 1.25 San Marino ............................................ 1.27 1.21 2.13 1.89 3.57 2.56 1.67 0.47 0.28 0.38 Serbia .................................................... 3.69 3.48 3.26 3.00 1.63 1.35 0.93 0.83 0.20 0.09 Slovenia ................................................. 3.57 3.38 2.83 2.60 2.71 2.51 0.63 0.32 0.09 0.05 Spain ..................................................... 0.87 0.85 1.60 1.50 1.04 0.90 0.39 0.30 0.13 0.11 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ 3.87 3.59 3.42 3.08 1.43 1.12 0.82 0.74 0.86 0.84

WESTERN EUROPE 0.58 0.65 0.58 0.44 0.24 0.11 0.15 0.22 0.19 0.14 Austria ................................................... 0.18 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.01 — Belgium ................................................. 0.11 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.19 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 France ................................................... 1.03 1.24 1.61 1.15 0.52 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.23 0.22 Germany ................................................ 0.46 0.48 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.08 -0.04 0.11 0.05 -0.06 Liechtenstein ......................................... 0.47 0.08 -0.97 -1.07 -0.14 -0.05 -0.73 -0.80 -0.53 -1.71 Luxembourg ........................................... 0.34 0.33 0.68 0.66 0.77 0.70 0.16 0.07 0.48 0.21 Monaco ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Netherlands ........................................... 0.65 0.60 0.33 0.30 0.49 0.49 0.60 0.58 1.17 1.07 Switzerland ............................................ 1.43 1.36 1.22 1.13 0.00 -0.10 2.66 2.31 0.11 -0.07


CARIBBEAN 0.84 0.87 1.31 1.23 1.41 1.15 0.73 0.84 1.05 0.87 Anguilla ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Antigua and Barbuda .............................. 2.98 2.56 -1.60 -1.59 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 -0.84 -1.11 Aruba .................................................... -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.63 -0.86 Bahamas ............................................... 1.42 1.30 1.18 1.06 0.96 0.87 0.95 0.81 0.28 0.26 Barbados ............................................... 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.57 0.49 -1.91 -1.92 1.07 1.04 British Virgin Islands ............................... 0.80 0.91 3.11 3.04 3.15 3.11 5.36 4.81 0.80 0.04 Cayman Islands ..................................... — — — — — — — — — — Cuba ..................................................... 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 1.27 1.17 0.81 0.67 0.25 0.35





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.14 0.18 0.26 0.33 0.39 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.33 EUROPE

0.00 0.05 0.17 0.29 0.39 0.48 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.40 EASTERN EUROPE0.63 0.58 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 Belarus ..................................................0.39 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.32 Bulgaria .................................................

-0.13 0.01 0.14 0.26 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.30 Czech Republic ......................................0.53 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 Hungary .................................................

-0.92 -0.65 -0.15 0.35 0.84 1.26 1.30 1.22 1.14 1.07 Moldova .................................................-0.08 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.49 0.65 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.54 Poland ...................................................0.06 0.36 0.53 0.68 0.81 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.70 0.64 Romania ................................................

-0.11 -0.04 0.08 0.20 0.30 0.39 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 Russian Federation ................................-0.02 0.21 0.42 0.61 0.78 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.64 0.60 Slovakia .................................................0.19 0.09 0.20 0.31 0.40 0.48 0.50 0.47 0.43 0.40 Ukraine ..................................................

0.11 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 NORTHERN EUROPE0.17 0.45 0.73 0.99 1.23 1.44 1.61 1.61 1.51 1.40 Channel Islands (8) ................................0.18 0.31 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 Denmark ................................................

— 0.03 0.14 0.25 0.36 0.44 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.38 Estonia ..................................................1.81 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.28 1.24 1.17 1.08 0.99 0.91 Faeroe Islands .......................................0.40 0.49 0.54 0.57 0.60 0.61 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.45 Finland (9) .............................................0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 Iceland ..................................................0.45 0.48 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.64 0.62 0.58 0.53 0.49 Ireland ...................................................

-0.24 -0.21 -0.00 0.21 0.42 0.61 0.78 0.93 0.94 0.87 Isle of Man .............................................-0.02 0.05 0.18 0.29 0.40 0.49 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 Latvia ....................................................-0.10 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.43 0.50 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.42 Lithuania ................................................0.32 0.08 0.15 0.21 0.27 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 Norway (10) ...........................................0.07 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 Sweden .................................................0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 United Kingdom .....................................

0.30 0.33 0.40 0.47 0.52 0.53 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 SOUTHERN EUROPE1.42 1.36 1.29 1.21 1.14 1.06 0.98 0.90 0.83 0.76 Albania ..................................................

-0.46 -0.51 -0.43 -0.28 -0.08 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 Andorra .................................................1.13 1.22 1.28 1.25 1.16 1.07 0.98 0.90 0.83 0.75 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................0.31 0.45 0.58 0.69 0.78 0.78 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.57 Croatia ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Gibraltar ................................................0.21 0.35 0.47 0.59 0.68 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.54 0.50 Greece ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Holy See (11) .........................................0.12 0.22 0.32 0.41 0.49 0.51 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.38 Italy .......................................................0.27 0.22 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 Malta .....................................................0.89 -0.57 -0.27 0.06 0.37 0.67 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.61 Montenegro ...........................................1.15 1.04 0.94 0.85 0.76 0.70 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.49 Portugal .................................................0.14 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 San Marino ............................................0.14 0.35 0.55 0.73 0.89 0.94 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.69 Serbia ....................................................

-0.49 -0.64 -0.23 0.19 0.61 0.99 1.08 1.02 0.95 0.89 Slovenia .................................................0.12 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 Spain .....................................................0.78 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

0.21 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.25 WESTERN EUROPE0.21 0.31 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 Austria ...................................................0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Belgium .................................................0.25 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 France ...................................................0.08 0.13 0.21 0.27 0.33 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.30 Germany ................................................

-0.83 -0.43 0.29 1.01 1.71 2.37 2.58 2.49 2.40 2.30 Liechtenstein .........................................-0.22 -0.14 -0.04 0.07 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 Luxembourg ...........................................

— — — — — — — — — — Monaco .................................................0.87 0.65 0.49 0.36 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 Netherlands ...........................................

-0.01 0.09 0.17 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.31 Switzerland ............................................


0.87 0.77 0.71 0.64 0.57 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.40 CARIBBEAN— — — — — — — — — — Anguilla .................................................

-0.89 -0.26 0.38 1.00 1.58 1.74 1.65 1.56 1.46 1.37 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................-0.04 0.12 0.31 0.49 0.66 0.81 0.94 1.04 1.00 0.93 Aruba ....................................................0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 Bahamas ...............................................1.10 1.21 1.30 1.36 1.40 1.34 1.24 1.15 1.06 0.97 Barbados ...............................................0.23 0.55 0.84 1.11 1.33 1.32 1.23 1.14 1.06 0.98 British Virgin Islands ...............................

— — — — — — — — — — Cayman Islands .....................................— 0.03 0.12 0.20 0.27 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 Cuba .....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Dominica ............................................... 0.79 1.03 5.86 4.96 3.30 2.74 0.81 0.50 0.49 0.49 Dominican Republic ............................... 2.47 2.36 2.95 2.75 2.56 2.31 0.98 0.50 0.90 1.55 Grenada ................................................ 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.22 0.22 -0.17 -0.25 -0.39 -0.42 Guadeloupe ........................................... 0.03 0.03 -0.12 -0.01 0.20 0.41 0.10 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 Haiti ....................................................... 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.34 0.64 0.13 2.49 4.07 2.68 1.77 Jamaica ................................................. 3.51 3.23 2.12 1.96 1.24 1.18 0.70 0.42 0.47 0.47 Martinique .............................................. 0.44 3.51 4.40 4.00 3.09 2.23 2.86 1.22 0.02 0.02 Montserrat ............................................. — 0.03 -3.31 -3.20 0.96 0.92 — — 0.47 -3.08 Netherlands Antilles ............................... -1.08 -1.28 0.91 0.81 0.72 0.63 0.56 0.49 0.54 0.50 Puerto Rico ............................................ 0.89 0.97 2.91 2.48 1.47 1.28 0.66 0.85 3.77 1.65 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. 0.37 0.46 2.20 2.02 0.51 0.48 -0.36 -0.36 -0.52 -0.56 Saint Lucia ............................................. 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.17 -1.14 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... — 0.34 7.00 6.16 0.04 0.16 4.23 3.82 1.15 0.64 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. -2.04 -2.17 -3.80 -3.78 -0.87 -0.92 -2.48 -2.35 2.40 2.37 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... 0.09 0.12 0.71 0.68 0.75 0.81 3.38 2.55 1.45 1.12 United States Virgin Islands .................... -0.39 -0.26 2.27 1.90 1.56 1.26 1.01 0.79 0.62 0.48

CENTRAL AMERICA 1.73 1.63 1.55 1.41 1.21 1.06 0.78 0.73 0.63 0.47 Belize .................................................... -0.22 -0.24 -0.58 -0.59 -0.31 -0.32 -0.39 -0.40 0.01 0.12 Costa Rica ............................................. 0.23 0.23 0.88 1.61 1.25 0.83 1.11 2.13 1.92 1.12 El Salvador ............................................ 0.49 0.49 0.29 0.25 1.04 1.19 1.14 1.08 1.84 1.58 Guatemala ............................................. 2.21 2.12 1.76 0.90 0.65 0.37 0.92 0.98 0.95 0.91 Honduras ............................................... 2.62 2.54 2.44 2.35 2.11 1.65 1.58 1.30 0.98 0.95 Mexico ................................................... 1.80 1.67 1.58 1.44 1.23 1.11 0.77 0.70 0.54 0.37 Nicaragua .............................................. 1.19 1.15 1.52 1.93 0.71 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 Panama ................................................. 1.46 1.40 1.49 1.39 0.58 0.57 0.64 0.67 2.15 1.85

SOUTH AMERICA 1.83 1.71 1.67 1.47 1.43 1.29 0.93 0.80 0.65 0.65 Argentina ............................................... 1.27 1.11 0.74 0.65 0.52 0.47 0.51 0.45 0.38 0.33 Bolivia .................................................... 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 1.91 2.11 1.91 1.33 0.80 Brazil ..................................................... 2.25 2.09 2.27 2.05 2.04 1.76 1.12 0.97 0.78 0.86 Chile ...................................................... 1.59 1.40 1.11 0.96 0.82 0.72 0.34 0.16 0.26 0.37 Colombia ............................................... 3.36 3.04 2.50 1.44 1.31 1.19 1.08 0.81 0.65 0.44 Ecuador ................................................. 1.84 1.77 1.57 1.39 1.51 2.06 1.73 1.46 0.95 0.86 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... -0.11 -0.11 0.53 0.83 0.83 0.82 1.73 3.03 1.37 1.45 French Guiana ....................................... 1.75 1.56 0.75 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.53 0.51 0.07 0.08 Guyana .................................................. 0.35 0.34 0.14 0.15 0.37 0.34 -0.32 -0.32 -0.32 -0.32 Paraguay ............................................... 0.29 0.28 0.38 0.45 1.01 1.34 1.52 1.59 1.36 1.19 Peru ...................................................... 1.36 1.29 2.05 2.03 1.37 0.99 0.70 0.60 0.39 0.12 Suriname ............................................... 0.08 0.08 -0.06 -0.50 1.48 2.12 2.97 1.36 0.55 0.52 Uruguay ................................................. 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.48 0.42 0.40 0.35 0.18 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... 2.85 2.43 1.68 1.39 1.07 0.88 0.68 0.57 0.59 0.66

NORTHERN AMERICA 0.96 0.84 0.58 0.50 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.20 0.49 0.47 Bermuda ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Canada .................................................. 1.50 1.00 1.08 0.74 -0.01 0.01 0.18 0.06 0.28 0.46 Greenland .............................................. 1.87 1.69 2.42 1.93 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.44 0.29 0.18 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... 0.85 0.70 0.31 0.14 0.13 0.13 -0.04 -0.12 — 0.00 United States of America ........................ 0.92 0.83 0.53 0.47 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.22 0.51 0.47

OCEANIA 0.74 0.69 0.64 0.58 0.21 -0.07 -0.16 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 0.55 0.56 0.52 0.45 0.20 0.00 -0.05 0.03 0.16 0.22 Australia (13) ......................................... 0.60 0.54 0.47 0.42 0.15 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 0.16 0.24 New Zealand .......................................... 0.30 0.63 0.75 0.55 0.41 0.16 0.06 0.25 0.14 0.08

MELANESIA 4.57 4.75 4.73 6.09 2.62 1.24 0.97 1.00 -0.31 -0.53 Fiji ......................................................... 2.01 1.94 1.87 1.29 1.10 0.56 0.40 1.54 1.79 1.21 New Caledonia ....................................... 4.38 3.99 3.56 2.75 1.48 0.80 0.48 0.25 0.24 0.53 Papua New Guinea ................................ 7.88 7.81 7.68 11.65 3.94 1.79 1.41 1.37 -1.26 -1.29 Solomon Islands .................................... 4.16 4.18 4.56 4.15 0.46 2.95 3.24 1.91 1.39 1.38 Vanuatu ................................................. 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.69 1.67 1.91 2.52 2.25 1.49 1.46

MICRONESIA 1.80 1.76 1.93 2.13 4.23 1.36 0.21 0.24 0.36 0.58 Guam .................................................... 2.01 1.87 2.05 2.17 6.01 2.28 -0.30 -0.34 0.28 0.23 Kiribati ................................................... 3.99 3.87 3.73 4.10 4.13 1.73 0.76 0.84 0.80 3.31 Marshall Islands ..................................... 4.40 4.04 3.63 4.52 2.51 -0.79 1.21 0.98 0.51 0.48 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.05 0.83 0.45 -0.23 -0.25 -0.59 -2.31 Nauru .................................................... — — — — — — — — — —





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

0.49 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 Dominica ...............................................1.34 1.08 0.86 0.69 0.54 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.32 Dominican Republic ...............................

-0.22 0.27 0.75 1.21 1.63 1.72 1.63 1.53 1.43 1.33 Grenada ................................................-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 Guadeloupe ...........................................3.66 2.96 2.29 1.74 1.30 0.98 0.86 0.78 0.70 0.63 Haiti .......................................................0.32 0.40 0.56 0.70 0.81 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.72 0.67 Jamaica .................................................0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Martinique ..............................................4.08 1.07 1.50 1.91 2.29 2.59 2.55 2.45 2.34 2.22 Montserrat .............................................0.38 0.27 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 Netherlands Antilles ...............................0.62 0.23 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Puerto Rico ............................................

-0.37 0.14 0.64 1.12 1.56 1.66 1.57 1.47 1.38 1.28 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................-0.26 0.26 0.70 1.11 1.49 1.82 1.82 1.71 1.61 1.50 Saint Lucia .............................................0.66 0.79 0.91 1.01 1.08 1.09 1.01 0.93 0.86 0.79 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........2.42 2.53 2.62 2.69 2.74 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.33 2.20 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................1.17 0.79 0.43 0.24 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................0.34 0.23 0.15 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 United States Virgin Islands ....................


0.58 0.45 0.36 0.28 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 SOUTH AMERICA0.28 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 Argentina ...............................................0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 Bolivia ....................................................0.73 0.54 0.39 0.28 0.20 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 Brazil .....................................................0.39 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 Chile ......................................................0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 Colombia ...............................................1.07 1.02 0.87 0.73 0.62 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.37 Ecuador .................................................1.01 0.59 0.34 0.20 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................0.13 0.20 0.26 0.32 0.35 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 French Guiana .......................................

-0.26 0.17 0.67 1.14 1.57 1.85 1.77 1.67 1.57 1.46 Guyana ..................................................1.11 1.01 0.91 0.82 0.74 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.47 Paraguay ...............................................0.12 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.37 0.42 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 Peru ......................................................0.50 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.26 Suriname ...............................................0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 Uruguay .................................................0.58 0.37 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

0.40 0.35 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.17 NORTHERN AMERICA— — — — — — — — — — Bermuda ................................................

0.16 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 Canada ..................................................0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 Greenland ..............................................0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................0.42 0.37 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.17 United States of America ........................

0.02 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.29 OCEANIA


-0.39 0.17 0.67 1.15 1.67 1.88 1.89 1.88 1.85 1.80 MELANESIA1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.83 0.77 0.70 0.64 Fiji .........................................................0.56 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.45 0.42 New Caledonia .......................................

-0.95 -0.10 0.76 1.60 2.41 2.68 2.60 2.51 2.42 2.32 Papua New Guinea ................................1.53 1.79 2.03 2.25 2.42 2.38 2.27 2.15 2.02 1.89 Solomon Islands ....................................1.56 1.72 1.87 1.99 2.07 2.01 1.89 1.77 1.65 1.52 Vanuatu .................................................

0.39 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.38 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.42 MICRONESIA— 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 Guam ....................................................

0.28 0.22 0.50 0.76 0.99 1.18 1.17 1.09 1.01 0.93 Kiribati ...................................................0.48 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.32 Marshall Islands .....................................

— 0.30 0.78 1.25 1.69 2.07 2.08 1.97 1.87 1.75 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............— — — — — — — — — — Nauru ....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... 1.75 2.22 2.75 3.52 2.79 1.49 0.36 0.30 -0.04 0.13 Palau ..................................................... 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.47 0.45 1.49 0.65 0.52 -0.43

POLYNESIA 2.39 1.36 1.52 1.87 1.11 0.68 0.97 0.58 0.19 0.28 American Samoa .................................... 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.54 0.90 0.80 1.04 0.80 Cook Islands .......................................... 0.82 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.28 -0.07 -0.31 1.42 0.64 1.70 French Polynesia ................................... 2.27 2.12 2.55 2.73 0.58 0.18 -0.04 -0.50 -0.85 -0.44 Niue ....................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.39 2.04 2.92 2.77 -0.10 0.36 1.37 Pitcairn .................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Samoa ................................................... 6.01 1.67 0.39 1.06 0.62 0.17 0.03 — 0.27 0.37 Tokelau ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Tonga .................................................... 3.67 2.51 2.10 0.69 0.15 0.79 1.03 0.39 0.14 0.25 Tuvalu ................................................... 3.55 3.46 3.35 3.22 3.08 2.93 2.77 3.43 1.56 0.91 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — — — — — — — — — —






2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050


0.48 0.54 0.73 0.90 1.05 1.13 1.08 1.03 0.99 0.93 POLYNESIA0.56 0.37 0.24 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 American Samoa ....................................1.98 1.55 1.09 0.75 0.51 0.34 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 Cook Islands ..........................................

-0.28 -0.02 0.28 0.56 0.81 0.96 0.91 0.85 0.79 0.73 French Polynesia ...................................1.73 1.67 1.60 1.53 1.46 1.37 1.27 1.17 1.07 0.98 Niue .......................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Pitcairn ..................................................0.47 0.87 1.27 1.64 1.97 2.11 2.00 1.89 1.78 1.66 Samoa ...................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Tokelau .................................................0.69 1.13 1.54 1.92 2.08 1.98 1.87 1.76 1.64 1.53 Tonga ....................................................0.89 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.79 0.72 Tuvalu ...................................................



Table A.10. Average annual rate of change of the percentage ruralby major area, region and country, 1950-2050



1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

WORLD -0.51 -0.59 -0.57 -0.39 -0.39 -0.60 -0.62 -0.69 -0.63 -0.69

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a) -1.32 -1.47 -1.52 -1.59 -1.35 -1.13 -0.79 -0.83 -0.72 -0.64 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b) -0.41 -0.51 -0.54 -0.40 -0.46 -0.72 -0.79 -0.86 -0.78 -0.84 Least developed countries (c) -0.22 -0.26 -0.36 -0.46 -0.38 -0.61 -0.45 -0.46 -0.48 -0.51 Other less developed countries (d) -0.44 -0.55 -0.57 -0.40 -0.48 -0.75 -0.86 -0.95 -0.87 -0.95

Less developed regions, excluding China -0.48 -0.51 -0.60 -0.64 -0.69 -0.75 -0.70 -0.66 -0.59 -0.62

Sub-Saharan Africa (e) -0.37 -0.50 -0.57 -0.57 -0.55 -0.57 -0.54 -0.63 -0.67 -0.64

AFRICA -0.44 -0.56 -0.65 -0.59 -0.56 -0.59 -0.57 -0.61 -0.62 -0.58

EASTERN AFRICA -0.21 -0.24 -0.30 -0.37 -0.44 -0.54 -0.37 -0.40 -0.38 -0.32 Burundi .................................................. -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.17 -0.23 -0.19 -0.22 -0.20 -0.23 Comoros (1) ........................................... -0.55 -0.76 -1.04 -0.59 -0.46 -0.51 -0.60 -0.65 -0.12 0.06 Djibouti .................................................. -1.81 -2.03 -2.48 -2.77 -3.02 -3.27 -1.90 -0.82 -3.66 -3.94 Eritrea ................................................... -0.27 -0.31 -0.36 -0.27 -0.20 -0.21 -0.20 -0.14 -0.19 -0.29 Ethiopia ................................................. -0.18 -0.21 -0.25 -0.22 -0.19 -0.21 -0.23 -0.27 -0.29 -0.23 Kenya .................................................... -0.18 -0.20 -0.27 -0.37 -0.59 -0.65 -0.30 -0.30 -0.18 -0.19 Madagascar ........................................... -0.29 -0.34 -0.39 -0.40 -0.53 -0.53 -0.60 -0.68 -0.59 -0.36 Malawi ................................................... -0.09 -0.10 -0.11 -0.24 -0.34 -0.31 -0.25 -0.31 -0.39 -0.45 Mauritius (2) .......................................... -0.46 -0.66 -1.18 -1.67 -0.49 0.38 0.01 -0.55 0.22 0.22 Mozambique .......................................... -0.12 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 -0.63 -0.99 -0.85 -1.07 -1.34 -1.25 Réunion ................................................. -1.19 -1.41 -1.65 -1.17 -0.98 -3.54 -7.43 -10.72 -6.04 -6.31 Rwanda ................................................. -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.09 -0.17 -0.15 -0.07 -0.08 -0.62 -1.23 Seychelles ............................................. -0.02 -0.06 -1.57 -1.86 -2.51 -1.19 0.03 -0.00 -0.22 -0.48 Somalia ................................................. -0.50 -0.58 -0.65 -0.69 -0.74 -0.34 -0.36 -0.45 -0.51 -0.54 Uganda .................................................. -0.15 -0.18 -0.23 -0.25 -0.08 -0.11 -0.35 -0.43 -0.13 -0.10 United Republic of Tanzania ................... -0.19 -0.18 -0.17 -0.39 -0.73 -0.78 -0.52 -0.52 -0.41 -0.45 Zambia .................................................. -0.69 -0.87 -1.32 -1.91 -1.36 -1.56 0.05 0.08 0.75 0.72 Zimbabwe .............................................. -0.21 -0.23 -0.47 -0.65 -0.62 -0.63 -0.80 -0.98 -0.79 -0.60

MIDDLE AFRICA -0.41 -0.47 -0.81 -1.00 -0.62 -0.51 -0.46 -0.57 -0.67 -0.76 Angola ................................................... -0.29 -0.34 -0.47 -0.57 -1.01 -1.32 -1.66 -2.06 -2.31 -1.87 Cameroon .............................................. -0.47 -0.57 -0.70 -0.84 -1.84 -1.32 -1.31 -1.46 -1.62 -1.73 Central African Republic ......................... -0.63 -0.74 -0.87 -1.02 -1.32 -0.57 -0.51 -0.41 -0.13 -0.13 Chad ..................................................... -0.21 -0.26 -0.37 -0.70 -0.93 -0.78 -0.25 -0.26 -0.28 -0.38 Congo ................................................... -0.88 -0.99 -1.10 -1.23 -1.41 -1.69 -1.75 -0.90 -0.94 -0.89 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... -0.39 -0.42 -1.00 -1.17 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.04 -0.17 -0.40 Equatorial Guinea .................................. -1.19 -1.35 -0.26 -0.12 -0.13 -0.13 -0.58 -1.42 -1.29 0.01 Gabon ................................................... -0.63 -0.77 -1.61 -2.28 -3.52 -4.60 -3.74 -3.95 -4.50 -4.32 São Tomé and Príncipe .......................... -0.29 -0.32 -1.42 -2.07 -0.61 -0.55 -1.42 -1.89 -1.85 -1.96

NORTHERN AFRICA -0.74 -0.80 -1.02 -0.76 -0.68 -0.61 -0.75 -0.78 -0.73 -0.67 Algeria ................................................... -1.04 -1.22 -2.17 -0.60 -0.28 -1.11 -1.63 -1.65 -1.70 -1.81 Egypt ..................................................... -0.87 -0.95 -0.93 -0.52 -0.43 -0.14 -0.03 0.16 0.23 0.06 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .......................... -0.93 -1.10 -1.83 -5.52 -6.04 -4.37 -3.95 -0.22 -0.22 -0.32 Morocco ................................................ -0.43 -0.45 -0.72 -0.78 -1.01 -1.16 -1.25 -1.35 -1.32 -0.69 Sudan .................................................... -0.38 -0.48 -0.60 -0.74 -0.59 -0.25 -0.61 -1.13 -1.32 -1.44 Tunisia ................................................... -0.89 -0.71 -0.72 -1.29 -1.51 -1.17 -1.37 -1.86 -1.75 -1.04 Western Sahara ..................................... -0.03 -0.03 -1.51 -1.94 -7.69 -11.17 -7.09 -2.66 -1.49 4.56

SOUTHERN AFRICA -0.68 -0.74 -0.31 -0.29 -0.20 -0.18 -0.45 -1.09 -1.05 -1.02 Botswana ............................................... -0.03 -0.04 -0.16 -0.85 -0.90 -1.07 -2.62 -4.65 -2.59 -1.73 Lesotho ................................................. -0.11 -0.31 -0.62 -0.49 -0.49 -0.14 -0.07 -0.51 -0.71 -0.74 Namibia ................................................. -0.50 -0.57 -0.52 -0.57 -0.35 -0.37 -0.35 -0.35 -0.61 -0.74 South Africa ........................................... -0.77 -0.81 -0.24 -0.21 -0.12 -0.12 -0.37 -1.08 -1.05 -1.09 Swaziland .............................................. -0.14 -0.31 -0.54 -0.70 -0.98 -0.91 -0.99 -0.28 -0.04 -0.07

WESTERN AFRICA -0.47 -0.76 -0.83 -0.69 -0.73 -0.81 -0.83 -0.86 -0.85 -0.92 Benin ..................................................... -0.39 -0.54 -0.73 -0.98 -1.29 -1.44 -0.97 -1.10 -0.71 -0.50 Burkina Faso ......................................... -0.09 -0.09 -0.10 -0.12 -0.13 -0.53 -0.79 -0.34 -0.31 -0.35 Cape Verde ........................................... -0.28 -0.30 -0.34 -0.37 -0.47 -0.54 -2.20 -4.07 -1.74 -1.91 Côte d'Ivoire .......................................... -0.71 -1.08 -1.73 -0.99 -1.17 -1.44 -0.43 -0.48 -0.55 -0.75 Gambia .................................................. -0.20 -0.22 -0.55 -1.20 -1.26 -1.08 -1.33 -1.65 -1.88 -1.97 Ghana ................................................... -0.88 -1.06 -0.75 -0.80 -0.31 -0.32 -0.51 -1.09 -1.20 -1.32 Guinea ................................................... -0.37 -0.46 -0.57 -0.70 -0.86 -1.05 -0.80 -0.39 -0.41 -0.45 Guinea-Bissau ....................................... -0.38 -0.44 -0.17 -0.18 -0.19 -0.40 -1.21 -1.53 -0.47 0.03 Liberia ................................................... -0.61 -0.73 -0.87 -1.03 -1.21 -1.42 -1.63 -1.75 -1.79 -1.80


Table A.10. Average annual rate of change of the percentage rural (continued)



2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-0.75 -0.80 -0.87 -0.95 -1.06 -1.19 -1.29 -1.37 -1.45 -1.54 WORLD

-0.70 -0.79 -0.97 -1.16 -1.35 -1.53 -1.61 -1.64 -1.67 -1.70 MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS (a)-0.87 -0.91 -0.96 -1.03 -1.12 -1.23 -1.32 -1.40 -1.49 -1.58 LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS (b)-0.59 -0.68 -0.77 -0.87 -0.99 -1.12 -1.22 -1.32 -1.42 -1.53 Least developed countries (c)-0.99 -1.03 -1.08 -1.15 -1.23 -1.36 -1.46 -1.54 -1.62 -1.70 Other less developed countries (d)

Less developed regions, excluding -0.63 -0.69 -0.77 -0.87 -1.00 -1.15 -1.25 -1.34 -1.43 -1.53 China

-0.68 -0.73 -0.80 -0.89 -1.00 -1.12 -1.21 -1.30 -1.40 -1.50 Sub-Saharan Africa (e)

-0.62 -0.67 -0.75 -0.85 -0.97 -1.10 -1.20 -1.29 -1.39 -1.48 AFRICA

-0.36 -0.41 -0.51 -0.63 -0.77 -0.91 -1.02 -1.12 -1.23 -1.35 EASTERN AFRICA-0.27 -0.33 -0.39 -0.47 -0.56 -0.65 -0.75 -0.86 -0.98 -1.11 Burundi ..................................................0.05 -0.08 -0.27 -0.48 -0.72 -0.99 -1.11 -1.21 -1.32 -1.42 Comoros (1) ...........................................

-3.60 -3.13 -2.61 -2.06 -1.62 -1.61 -1.62 -1.63 -1.64 -1.65 Djibouti ..................................................-0.40 -0.54 -0.72 -0.84 -0.95 -1.06 -1.18 -1.30 -1.43 -1.56 Eritrea ...................................................-0.27 -0.36 -0.45 -0.56 -0.69 -0.84 -0.96 -1.07 -1.19 -1.32 Ethiopia .................................................-0.25 -0.37 -0.50 -0.66 -0.86 -0.99 -1.10 -1.22 -1.34 -1.46 Kenya ....................................................-0.38 -0.48 -0.61 -0.77 -0.96 -1.16 -1.28 -1.39 -1.50 -1.61 Madagascar ...........................................-0.52 -0.60 -0.69 -0.80 -0.91 -1.03 -1.16 -1.29 -1.42 -1.56 Malawi ...................................................0.13 -0.10 -0.36 -0.64 -0.96 -1.24 -1.34 -1.42 -1.49 -1.57 Mauritius (2) ..........................................

-1.13 -1.24 -1.32 -1.40 -1.46 -1.51 -1.60 -1.70 -1.80 -1.90 Mozambique ..........................................-5.73 -4.78 -3.76 -2.69 -1.73 -1.61 -1.61 -1.62 -1.62 -1.62 Réunion .................................................-0.89 -0.32 -0.42 -0.53 -0.67 -0.84 -0.97 -1.08 -1.20 -1.33 Rwanda .................................................-0.76 -1.07 -1.34 -1.42 -1.49 -1.55 -1.61 -1.67 -1.73 -1.79 Seychelles .............................................-0.59 -0.71 -0.85 -1.01 -1.20 -1.36 -1.46 -1.56 -1.66 -1.75 Somalia .................................................-0.11 -0.17 -0.26 -0.36 -0.49 -0.64 -0.73 -0.83 -0.94 -1.06 Uganda ..................................................-0.49 -0.58 -0.70 -0.83 -0.98 -1.14 -1.26 -1.38 -1.50 -1.62 United Republic of Tanzania ...................-0.06 -0.22 -0.41 -0.62 -0.86 -1.13 -1.28 -1.37 -1.46 -1.56 Zambia ..................................................-0.65 -0.76 -0.89 -1.04 -1.21 -1.37 -1.47 -1.57 -1.67 -1.76 Zimbabwe ..............................................

-0.89 -1.04 -1.12 -1.19 -1.25 -1.33 -1.43 -1.53 -1.63 -1.73 MIDDLE AFRICA-2.05 -2.08 -2.04 -1.96 -1.84 -1.75 -1.80 -1.86 -1.92 -1.97 Angola ...................................................-1.84 -1.89 -1.88 -1.84 -1.78 -1.71 -1.75 -1.80 -1.86 -1.91 Cameroon ..............................................-0.14 -0.28 -0.48 -0.71 -0.96 -1.23 -1.34 -1.43 -1.52 -1.61 Central African Republic .........................-0.50 -0.64 -0.82 -1.00 -1.12 -1.23 -1.35 -1.47 -1.59 -1.71 Chad .....................................................-0.91 -1.00 -1.12 -1.25 -1.38 -1.51 -1.57 -1.61 -1.66 -1.70 Congo ...................................................-0.66 -0.94 -1.06 -1.16 -1.26 -1.36 -1.47 -1.57 -1.67 -1.77 Democratic Republic of the Congo .........-0.04 -0.25 -0.48 -0.74 -1.03 -1.26 -1.35 -1.44 -1.52 -1.61 Equatorial Guinea ..................................-3.82 -3.21 -2.51 -1.86 -1.79 -1.81 -1.83 -1.84 -1.86 -1.87 Gabon ...................................................-2.10 -2.09 -2.03 -1.93 -1.80 -1.74 -1.79 -1.84 -1.89 -1.94 São Tomé and Príncipe ..........................

-0.72 -0.74 -0.85 -0.98 -1.14 -1.34 -1.49 -1.57 -1.65 -1.73 NORTHERN AFRICA-1.83 -1.81 -1.77 -1.71 -1.67 -1.71 -1.76 -1.81 -1.85 -1.89 Algeria ...................................................-0.00 -0.06 -0.28 -0.52 -0.78 -1.08 -1.31 -1.39 -1.47 -1.55 Egypt .....................................................-0.55 -0.78 -1.02 -1.28 -1.39 -1.42 -1.44 -1.46 -1.48 -1.49 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ..........................-0.71 -0.80 -0.95 -1.10 -1.27 -1.45 -1.54 -1.60 -1.65 -1.70 Morocco ................................................-1.52 -1.56 -1.57 -1.58 -1.69 -1.80 -1.91 -2.02 -2.12 -2.22 Sudan ....................................................-1.08 -1.15 -1.24 -1.33 -1.43 -1.52 -1.56 -1.60 -1.64 -1.67 Tunisia ...................................................3.48 -1.11 -1.18 -1.24 -1.31 -1.38 -1.42 -1.43 -1.45 -1.46 Western Sahara .....................................

-1.09 -1.16 -1.25 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64 -1.70 -1.75 SOUTHERN AFRICA-1.85 -1.86 -1.84 -1.79 -1.73 -1.70 -1.75 -1.81 -1.86 -1.90 Botswana ...............................................-0.84 -0.96 -1.06 -1.15 -1.23 -1.31 -1.40 -1.53 -1.65 -1.78 Lesotho .................................................-0.81 -0.92 -1.03 -1.16 -1.30 -1.43 -1.53 -1.63 -1.73 -1.83 Namibia .................................................-1.14 -1.22 -1.31 -1.40 -1.50 -1.57 -1.63 -1.67 -1.72 -1.76 South Africa ...........................................-0.21 -0.37 -0.55 -0.77 -0.97 -1.07 -1.18 -1.29 -1.41 -1.52 Swaziland ..............................................

-0.96 -1.03 -1.09 -1.16 -1.25 -1.34 -1.41 -1.49 -1.56 -1.64 WESTERN AFRICA-0.55 -0.69 -0.85 -1.03 -1.23 -1.40 -1.49 -1.58 -1.67 -1.75 Benin .....................................................-0.42 -0.52 -0.63 -0.77 -0.91 -1.02 -1.14 -1.26 -1.40 -1.53 Burkina Faso .........................................-1.78 -1.81 -1.80 -1.77 -1.72 -1.68 -1.73 -1.78 -1.83 -1.87 Cape Verde ...........................................-1.20 -1.29 -1.36 -1.43 -1.50 -1.56 -1.63 -1.70 -1.77 -1.83 Côte d'Ivoire ..........................................-1.98 -1.94 -1.84 -1.76 -1.84 -1.92 -2.00 -2.07 -2.14 -2.20 Gambia ..................................................-1.41 -1.47 -1.53 -1.57 -1.60 -1.67 -1.75 -1.82 -1.89 -1.96 Ghana ...................................................-0.57 -0.72 -0.89 -1.09 -1.26 -1.37 -1.47 -1.58 -1.68 -1.79 Guinea ...................................................0.03 -0.11 -0.31 -0.52 -0.77 -1.03 -1.16 -1.26 -1.36 -1.46 Guinea-Bissau .......................................

-1.76 -1.70 -1.77 -1.86 -1.95 -2.03 -2.10 -2.17 -2.24 -2.30 Liberia ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Mali ....................................................... -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.40 -0.45 -0.54 -0.63 -0.59 -0.58 -0.64 Mauritania .............................................. -0.32 -0.48 -0.70 -1.02 -1.46 -1.79 -2.22 -1.49 -0.05 -0.05 Niger ..................................................... -0.09 -0.10 -0.22 -0.43 -0.58 -0.46 -0.25 -0.20 -0.10 -0.10 Nigeria ................................................... -0.46 -0.91 -0.96 -0.66 -0.75 -0.84 -0.93 -1.04 -1.14 -1.23 Saint Helena (3) ..................................... 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.37 Senegal ................................................. -0.67 -0.77 -0.89 -1.02 -1.08 -0.64 -0.56 -0.45 -0.28 -0.28 Sierra Leone .......................................... -0.51 -0.60 -0.70 -0.81 -0.90 -0.65 -0.71 -0.40 -0.38 -0.40 Togo ...................................................... -0.49 -0.74 -1.11 -1.55 -0.42 -0.46 -0.67 -0.83 -0.92 -1.01

ASIA -0.34 -0.41 -0.42 -0.30 -0.34 -0.63 -0.73 -0.84 -0.74 -0.83

EASTERN ASIA -0.38 -0.54 -0.49 -0.17 -0.13 -0.64 -0.86 -1.20 -1.10 -1.25 China (4) ............................................... -0.27 -0.43 -0.37 0.04 — -0.55 -0.85 -1.18 -1.12 -1.33 China, Hong Kong SAR (5) ..................... — — -1.72 -2.02 -3.49 -3.80 -3.71 -53.70 — — China, Macao SAR (6) ........................... 4.17 4.14 -4.18 -5.06 -6.83 -7.07 -17.32 -19.33 -19.37 — Democratic People's Republic of Korea .. -1.34 -1.52 -1.71 -3.63 -1.12 -0.09 -0.35 -0.35 -0.36 -0.52 Japan .................................................... -1.28 -1.42 -1.57 -2.35 -1.61 -1.31 -0.50 -1.33 -0.85 -0.33 Mongolia ................................................ -1.73 -2.64 -2.11 -1.04 -1.36 -1.38 -1.27 -0.91 0.11 0.10 Republic of Korea .................................. -0.79 -0.90 -1.33 -2.64 -2.64 -3.66 -4.18 -5.90 -3.68 -1.31

SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7) -0.21 -0.19 -0.28 -0.31 -0.44 -0.55 -0.41 -0.37 -0.30 -0.32 Afghanistan ............................................ -0.22 -0.25 -0.30 -0.37 -0.51 -0.56 -0.31 -0.33 -0.36 -0.38 Bangladesh ............................................ -0.08 -0.09 -0.23 -0.30 -0.49 -1.14 -0.63 -0.57 -0.47 -0.49 Bhutan ................................................... -0.13 -0.17 -0.23 -0.30 -0.38 -0.50 -0.64 -0.81 -1.02 -1.27 India ...................................................... -0.13 -0.08 -0.21 -0.24 -0.40 -0.45 -0.33 -0.32 -0.28 -0.29 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................ -0.85 -0.94 -1.03 -1.36 -1.61 -1.51 -1.53 -1.30 -1.87 -2.10 Kazakhstan ............................................ -1.32 -1.31 -1.05 -1.24 -0.96 -0.68 -0.83 -0.12 0.16 -0.16 Kyrgyzstan ............................................. -1.15 -1.06 -0.51 -0.51 -0.23 -0.14 0.08 0.19 0.45 0.30 Maldives ................................................ -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.10 -1.27 -1.23 -0.85 -0.09 0.05 -0.57 Nepal ..................................................... -0.08 -0.09 -0.05 -0.05 -0.18 -0.27 -0.28 -0.32 -0.45 -0.58 Pakistan ................................................ -0.54 -0.60 -0.36 -0.34 -0.41 -0.47 -0.36 -0.35 -0.37 -0.40 Sri Lanka ............................................... -0.08 -0.19 -0.29 -0.46 0.01 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 Tajikistan ............................................... -0.53 -0.57 -0.60 -0.54 0.42 0.38 0.32 0.47 0.79 0.66 Turkmenistan ......................................... -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.24 0.09 0.18 0.41 0.34 -0.09 -0.20 Uzbekistan ............................................. -0.37 -0.39 -0.40 -0.45 -0.76 -0.56 0.03 0.19 0.55 0.38

SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA -0.36 -0.38 -0.35 -0.40 -0.46 -0.60 -0.80 -0.92 -1.11 -1.42 Brunei Darussalam ................................. -2.27 -2.89 -3.56 -4.24 -0.17 1.08 -1.21 -1.99 -1.71 -1.67 Cambodia .............................................. -0.01 -0.01 -0.12 -1.19 2.58 -0.98 -0.81 — -0.36 -0.65 Indonesia ............................................... -0.24 -0.26 -0.28 -0.31 -0.55 -0.70 -1.05 -1.25 -1.49 -2.11 Lao People's Democratic Republic .......... -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 -0.29 -0.32 -0.29 -0.33 -0.38 -0.46 -1.15 Malaysia ................................................ -0.78 -0.85 -0.92 -1.04 -1.30 -1.46 -1.37 -1.50 -2.50 -3.06 Myanmar ............................................... -0.35 -0.39 -0.44 -0.48 -0.29 -0.03 -0.04 -0.18 -0.34 -0.52 Philippines ............................................. -0.43 -0.45 -0.38 -0.41 -0.79 -0.61 -1.86 -2.12 -2.16 -2.07 Singapore .............................................. — — — — — — — — — — Thailand ................................................. -0.38 -0.40 -0.14 -0.17 -0.74 -0.81 -0.36 -0.37 -0.24 -0.25 Timor-Leste ........................................... -0.02 -0.02 -0.28 -0.35 -0.40 -0.45 -0.50 -0.57 -0.43 -0.45 Viet Nam ................................................ -0.33 -0.37 -0.41 -0.45 -0.12 -0.11 -0.08 -0.17 -0.50 -0.54

WESTERN ASIA -1.04 -1.14 -1.32 -1.56 -1.53 -1.28 -2.37 -1.87 -0.72 -0.72 Armenia ................................................. -1.56 -1.72 -1.87 -2.01 -1.96 -1.37 -0.63 -0.24 0.71 0.69 Azerbaijan .............................................. -1.03 -0.89 -0.42 -0.47 -0.77 -0.37 -0.31 -0.11 0.66 0.42 Bahrain .................................................. -7.50 -6.50 -0.20 -1.51 -1.54 -1.56 -1.58 -1.60 -0.42 0.03 Cyprus ................................................... -1.13 -1.00 -0.81 -0.85 -2.33 -4.84 -3.17 -1.22 -0.77 -0.39 Georgia ................................................. -0.81 -0.86 -0.92 -0.95 -0.80 -0.85 -0.93 -0.53 0.52 0.51 Iraq ........................................................ -0.79 -1.76 -2.92 -2.36 -2.54 -2.27 -1.98 -0.61 0.60 0.60 Israel ..................................................... — -4.50 -3.89 -3.75 -3.37 -3.14 -2.31 -1.07 -1.08 -1.28 Jordan ................................................... -2.08 -2.89 -1.43 -0.76 -0.78 -1.11 -3.43 -3.89 -4.85 -0.05 Kuwait ................................................... -4.56 -3.99 -3.83 -7.37 -6.01 -14.20 -18.25 -1.01 -1.00 -1.03 Lebanon ................................................ -1.31 -1.99 -3.23 -3.82 -4.09 -4.53 -4.93 -3.96 -2.12 -1.62 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................ -1.09 -1.19 -1.81 -2.23 -2.47 -1.46 -1.53 -1.59 -1.65 -0.73 Oman .................................................... -0.75 -1.03 -1.47 -1.98 -2.59 -3.28 -4.01 -4.72 -3.59 0.07 Qatar ..................................................... -3.39 -3.52 -2.91 -1.88 -0.93 -0.84 -1.44 -4.80 -5.47 -3.17 Saudi Arabia .......................................... -1.22 -1.48 -2.32 -3.53 -4.18 -3.98 -4.43 -3.11 -1.87 -1.14 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. -0.88 -0.97 -1.05 -1.15 -0.62 -0.61 -0.45 -0.40 -0.45 -0.64 Turkey ................................................... -1.03 -0.85 -0.81 -1.26 -1.12 -0.77 -3.35 -3.06 -1.49 -1.43 United Arab Emirates ............................. -5.00 -5.81 -1.70 -1.75 -1.79 -1.10 0.92 0.71 0.66 0.50 Yemen ................................................... -0.32 -0.40 -0.43 -0.52 -0.36 -0.40 -0.45 -0.64 -0.73 -0.67





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-0.73 -0.85 -0.97 -1.12 -1.27 -1.38 -1.50 -1.61 -1.73 -1.84 Mali .......................................................-0.14 -0.35 -0.58 -0.84 -1.13 -1.31 -1.40 -1.48 -1.56 -1.65 Mauritania ..............................................-0.03 -0.09 -0.21 -0.34 -0.51 -0.70 -0.81 -0.91 -1.02 -1.13 Niger .....................................................-1.32 -1.40 -1.47 -1.55 -1.65 -1.75 -1.84 -1.93 -2.01 -2.09 Nigeria ...................................................0.10 -0.19 -0.50 -0.84 -1.15 -1.24 -1.33 -1.41 -1.49 -1.57 Saint Helena (3) .....................................

-0.31 -0.47 -0.66 -0.87 -1.11 -1.34 -1.43 -1.52 -1.60 -1.68 Senegal .................................................-0.41 -0.50 -0.66 -0.83 -1.03 -1.26 -1.39 -1.48 -1.57 -1.66 Sierra Leone ..........................................-1.11 -1.20 -1.28 -1.37 -1.45 -1.52 -1.61 -1.70 -1.78 -1.87 Togo ......................................................

-0.87 -0.93 -0.99 -1.07 -1.17 -1.29 -1.39 -1.48 -1.57 -1.66 ASIA

-1.41 -1.49 -1.54 -1.57 -1.57 -1.63 -1.73 -1.82 -1.91 -1.99 EASTERN ASIA-1.50 -1.58 -1.62 -1.64 -1.63 -1.67 -1.77 -1.87 -1.96 -2.04 China (4) ...............................................


-0.73 -0.95 -1.18 -1.42 -1.49 -1.54 -1.59 -1.63 -1.67 -1.71 Democratic People's Republic of Korea ..-0.43 -0.52 -0.71 -0.91 -1.13 -1.35 -1.47 -1.51 -1.54 -1.57 Japan ....................................................-0.06 -0.35 -0.64 -0.95 -1.28 -1.41 -1.47 -1.52 -1.57 -1.61 Mongolia ................................................-1.18 -1.23 -1.29 -1.35 -1.40 -1.44 -1.45 -1.47 -1.48 -1.49 Republic of Korea ..................................

-0.33 -0.45 -0.60 -0.77 -0.96 -1.15 -1.27 -1.38 -1.49 -1.59 SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA (7)-0.42 -0.50 -0.61 -0.74 -0.89 -1.07 -1.19 -1.31 -1.42 -1.55 Afghanistan ............................................-0.55 -0.66 -0.77 -0.91 -1.08 -1.21 -1.33 -1.45 -1.57 -1.69 Bangladesh ............................................-1.56 -1.77 -1.87 -1.89 -1.84 -1.73 -1.78 -1.89 -2.00 -2.10 Bhutan ...................................................-0.29 -0.39 -0.53 -0.70 -0.90 -1.12 -1.25 -1.35 -1.46 -1.57 India ......................................................-1.59 -1.61 -1.62 -1.61 -1.60 -1.58 -1.61 -1.65 -1.68 -1.71 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ........................-0.38 -0.67 -0.88 -1.03 -1.20 -1.38 -1.51 -1.56 -1.62 -1.66 Kazakhstan ............................................-0.13 -0.26 -0.46 -0.68 -0.93 -1.19 -1.31 -1.40 -1.49 -1.59 Kyrgyzstan .............................................-1.80 -2.09 -2.18 -2.18 -2.07 -1.89 -1.85 -1.95 -2.05 -2.14 Maldives ................................................-0.54 -0.59 -0.68 -0.77 -0.87 -0.97 -1.09 -1.22 -1.35 -1.49 Nepal .....................................................-0.52 -0.67 -0.85 -1.06 -1.26 -1.37 -1.47 -1.57 -1.67 -1.76 Pakistan ................................................0.13 0.00 -0.13 -0.29 -0.47 -0.64 -0.72 -0.82 -0.92 -1.03 Sri Lanka ...............................................0.03 -0.04 -0.22 -0.41 -0.64 -0.91 -1.05 -1.15 -1.26 -1.37 Tajikistan ...............................................

-0.55 -0.85 -0.99 -1.13 -1.30 -1.46 -1.55 -1.62 -1.69 -1.76 Turkmenistan .........................................0.18 -0.08 -0.35 -0.64 -0.98 -1.18 -1.27 -1.36 -1.44 -1.53 Uzbekistan .............................................

-1.50 -1.54 -1.53 -1.51 -1.50 -1.56 -1.65 -1.73 -1.82 -1.91 SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA-1.71 -1.69 -1.66 -1.62 -1.57 -1.55 -1.58 -1.61 -1.63 -1.65 Brunei Darussalam .................................-0.69 -0.78 -0.87 -0.97 -1.06 -1.16 -1.29 -1.42 -1.56 -1.70 Cambodia ..............................................-2.24 -2.26 -2.20 -2.06 -1.86 -1.87 -1.95 -2.03 -2.10 -2.17 Indonesia ...............................................-1.44 -1.66 -1.78 -1.82 -1.78 -1.68 -1.74 -1.86 -1.98 -2.10 Lao People's Democratic Republic ..........-3.21 -3.03 -2.75 -2.39 -1.98 -1.82 -1.86 -1.89 -1.93 -1.95 Malaysia ................................................-0.74 -0.96 -1.07 -1.18 -1.29 -1.40 -1.51 -1.63 -1.74 -1.85 Myanmar ...............................................-2.12 -2.07 -1.99 -1.87 -1.74 -1.74 -1.78 -1.83 -1.87 -1.91 Philippines .............................................

— — — — — — — — — — Singapore ..............................................-0.34 -0.50 -0.67 -0.88 -1.12 -1.26 -1.36 -1.47 -1.57 -1.67 Thailand .................................................-0.49 -0.56 -0.67 -0.81 -0.96 -1.14 -1.27 -1.38 -1.50 -1.61 Timor-Leste ...........................................-0.57 -0.67 -0.79 -0.92 -1.08 -1.23 -1.34 -1.46 -1.58 -1.69 Viet Nam ................................................

-0.73 -0.72 -0.81 -0.93 -1.09 -1.25 -1.33 -1.38 -1.43 -1.49 WESTERN ASIA0.58 0.19 -0.21 -0.61 -1.04 -1.33 -1.37 -1.41 -1.45 -1.48 Armenia .................................................

-0.14 -0.27 -0.51 -0.75 -1.02 -1.31 -1.43 -1.50 -1.56 -1.62 Azerbaijan ..............................................-0.08 -0.34 -0.61 -0.88 -1.15 -1.27 -1.28 -1.28 -1.29 -1.30 Bahrain ..................................................-0.44 -0.63 -0.84 -1.06 -1.29 -1.44 -1.48 -1.51 -1.54 -1.57 Cyprus ...................................................0.08 -0.20 -0.44 -0.69 -0.96 -1.26 -1.42 -1.48 -1.54 -1.60 Georgia .................................................0.57 0.30 -0.07 -0.45 -0.84 -1.23 -1.36 -1.40 -1.43 -1.47 Iraq ........................................................

-0.42 -0.25 -0.51 -0.76 -1.02 -1.22 -1.23 -1.24 -1.24 -1.25 Israel .....................................................-0.05 -0.20 -0.47 -0.73 -1.01 -1.28 -1.37 -1.39 -1.41 -1.42 Jordan ...................................................-1.06 -1.11 -1.13 -1.17 -1.19 -1.18 -1.19 -1.18 -1.20 -1.17 Kuwait ...................................................-0.88 -0.98 -1.09 -1.20 -1.31 -1.35 -1.35 -1.36 -1.37 -1.38 Lebanon ................................................-0.09 -0.33 -0.61 -0.89 -1.20 -1.39 -1.42 -1.45 -1.48 -1.50 Occupied Palestinian Territory ................0.06 -0.16 -0.45 -0.74 -1.05 -1.34 -1.40 -1.43 -1.46 -1.49 Oman ....................................................

-1.98 -1.87 -1.72 -1.58 -1.42 -1.29 -1.27 -1.28 -1.28 -1.28 Qatar .....................................................-1.15 -1.19 -1.24 -1.29 -1.35 -1.40 -1.43 -1.44 -1.46 -1.47 Saudi Arabia ..........................................-0.66 -0.73 -0.87 -1.04 -1.21 -1.40 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64 -1.69 Syrian Arab Republic .............................-1.50 -1.50 -1.52 -1.54 -1.56 -1.57 -1.61 -1.64 -1.67 -1.70 Turkey ...................................................0.10 -0.30 -0.71 -1.13 -1.31 -1.33 -1.35 -1.37 -1.38 -1.40 United Arab Emirates .............................

-0.74 -0.82 -0.93 -1.04 -1.16 -1.30 -1.41 -1.53 -1.64 -1.75 Yemen ...................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

EUROPE -1.17 -1.31 -1.47 -1.45 -1.64 -1.39 -0.90 -0.75 -0.34 -0.27

EASTERN EUROPE -1.61 -1.68 -1.67 -1.63 -1.92 -1.69 -1.39 -1.07 -0.12 -0.04 Belarus .................................................. -0.72 -1.02 -1.77 -2.00 -2.51 -2.54 -2.62 -2.30 -1.18 -1.29 Bulgaria ................................................. -1.32 -1.50 -2.96 -2.57 -2.34 -2.26 -1.36 -1.04 -0.85 -0.69 Czech Republic ...................................... -1.22 -1.28 -1.26 -1.30 -3.37 -3.84 -0.16 0.12 0.46 0.51 Hungary ................................................. -0.61 -0.66 -0.98 -1.02 -1.09 -1.07 -0.51 -0.43 0.36 0.36 Moldova ................................................. -0.79 -0.94 -1.11 -1.28 -1.26 -1.35 -1.31 -0.95 0.18 0.63 Poland ................................................... -1.64 -1.73 -0.88 -0.82 -1.36 -1.30 -0.91 -0.67 -0.12 -0.12 Romania ................................................ -1.39 -1.06 -1.09 -0.86 -0.86 -1.17 -1.37 -1.47 -0.32 0.21 Russian Federation ................................ -1.79 -1.98 -2.11 -2.09 -2.49 -1.80 -1.53 -1.02 0.02 0.02 Slovakia ................................................. -0.49 -0.52 -1.11 -1.32 -1.85 -2.11 -1.08 -1.04 -0.03 0.13 Ukraine .................................................. -1.91 -1.94 -1.51 -1.77 -1.64 -1.65 -1.62 -1.21 -0.12 -0.12

NORTHERN EUROPE -0.47 -0.57 -0.89 -0.86 -3.82 -3.85 -0.72 -0.35 -0.45 -0.46 Channel Islands (8) ................................ 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.59 0.59 0.11 0.13 0.25 0.02 Denmark ................................................ -1.05 -2.88 -2.73 -2.49 -2.53 -1.85 -0.79 -0.64 -0.18 -0.16 Estonia .................................................. -1.64 -1.76 -1.88 -1.95 -1.57 -1.35 -0.71 -0.25 0.78 0.38 Faeroe Islands ....................................... -0.30 -0.70 -1.09 -0.65 -0.67 -0.25 0.12 0.05 -0.10 -1.63 Finland (9) ............................................. -0.92 -0.98 -1.99 -2.40 -3.51 -0.77 0.01 -0.82 0.03 0.13 Iceland .................................................. -3.15 -3.31 -2.62 -2.70 -2.49 -2.54 -2.37 -2.40 -2.00 -1.43 Ireland ................................................... -1.25 -0.77 -1.10 -1.21 -0.81 -0.75 -0.43 -0.29 -0.48 -0.59 Isle of Man ............................................. -0.47 -0.48 -0.53 0.22 1.49 0.26 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 Latvia .................................................... -1.18 -1.37 -1.76 -1.88 -1.83 -1.71 -0.91 -0.44 0.32 0.43 Lithuania ................................................ -1.53 -1.71 -1.72 -1.93 -2.59 -2.64 -2.10 -1.51 0.18 0.18 Norway (10) ........................................... 0.09 0.12 -3.31 -4.08 -1.68 -1.54 -0.53 -0.46 -1.33 -1.85 Sweden ................................................. -2.18 -2.21 -3.63 -3.81 -1.87 -0.42 -0.02 — -0.88 -0.25 United Kingdom ..................................... 0.25 0.25 0.57 0.62 -5.56 -7.24 -1.21 -0.09 -0.56 -0.65

SOUTHERN EUROPE -0.97 -1.04 -1.46 -1.66 -1.19 -1.08 -0.51 -0.39 -0.47 -0.41 Albania .................................................. -1.66 -1.08 -0.15 -0.15 -0.29 -0.31 -0.40 -0.42 -0.80 -0.95 Andorra ................................................. -3.48 -4.27 -6.81 -7.97 -8.85 -9.48 -9.89 1.77 3.63 3.64 Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................... -0.59 -0.70 -0.96 -1.17 -1.16 -1.28 -0.65 -0.54 -0.61 -0.75 Croatia .................................................. -0.99 -1.15 -1.43 -1.67 -1.72 -1.88 -0.91 -0.75 -0.38 -0.31 Gibraltar ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Greece .................................................. -0.88 -0.97 -1.69 -1.99 -1.22 -1.12 -0.34 -0.19 -0.22 -0.22 Holy See (11) ......................................... — — — — — — — — — — Italy ....................................................... -1.24 -1.20 -1.26 -1.32 -0.78 -0.59 -0.11 0.06 -0.12 -0.18 Malta ..................................................... -1.84 -0.58 0.61 0.25 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -1.12 -1.21 -3.42 Montenegro ........................................... -0.65 -0.79 -0.95 -1.14 -1.35 -1.58 -1.83 -2.09 -2.16 -2.35 Portugal ................................................. -0.52 -0.60 -0.60 -0.62 -0.66 -0.69 -0.90 -0.98 -1.27 -1.39 San Marino ............................................ -1.02 -1.09 -2.28 -2.52 -6.87 -8.37 -9.44 -3.97 -2.82 -4.79 Serbia .................................................... -1.06 -1.27 -1.50 -1.76 -1.16 -1.09 -0.83 -0.81 -0.20 -0.09 Slovenia ................................................. -1.00 -1.19 -1.23 -1.38 -1.78 -2.07 -0.60 -0.32 -0.10 -0.06 Spain ..................................................... -0.98 -1.05 -2.30 -2.62 -2.20 -2.24 -1.08 -0.90 -0.41 -0.34 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................ -1.35 -1.63 -2.02 -2.39 -1.36 -1.21 -0.98 -0.97 -1.25 -1.35

WESTERN EUROPE -1.07 -1.30 -1.29 -1.06 -0.60 -0.30 -0.40 -0.61 -0.57 -0.43 Austria ................................................... -0.31 -0.31 -0.17 -0.14 -0.05 -0.03 -0.10 -0.12 -0.02 — Belgium ................................................. -1.23 -1.24 -1.88 -2.17 -2.18 -3.56 -2.53 -2.33 -2.34 -2.23 France ................................................... -1.35 -1.86 -2.93 -2.58 -1.34 -0.26 -0.28 -0.31 -0.67 -0.69 Germany ................................................ -1.03 -1.15 -0.40 -0.23 -0.21 -0.21 0.10 -0.30 -0.13 0.16 Liechtenstein ......................................... -0.12 -0.02 0.24 0.25 0.03 0.01 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.32 Luxembourg ........................................... -0.73 -0.74 -1.64 -1.80 -2.42 -2.58 -0.64 -0.29 -2.15 -1.03 Monaco ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Netherlands ........................................... -0.86 -0.86 -0.50 -0.47 -0.81 -0.87 -1.15 -1.22 -2.83 -3.17 Switzerland ............................................ -1.22 -1.33 -1.35 -1.43 -0.00 0.13 -4.20 -5.21 -0.30 0.19

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN -1.31 -1.44 -1.69 -1.76 -1.98 -2.10 -1.77 -1.79 -1.71 -1.78

CARIBBEAN -0.50 -0.56 -0.92 -0.98 -1.26 -1.16 -0.81 -1.02 -1.42 -1.32 Anguilla ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Antigua and Barbuda .............................. -1.43 -1.52 0.98 0.86 -0.12 -0.12 -0.12 -0.13 0.45 0.55 Aruba .................................................... 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.62 0.79 Bahamas ............................................... -1.66 -1.78 -1.88 -1.97 -2.07 -2.18 -2.85 -2.92 -1.15 -1.16 Barbados ............................................... -0.11 -0.11 -0.12 -0.13 -0.35 -0.32 1.16 1.00 -0.54 -0.57 British Virgin Islands ............................... -0.10 -0.12 -0.47 -0.56 -0.69 -0.83 -1.90 -2.44 -0.50 -0.03 Cayman Islands ..................................... — — — — — — — — — — Cuba ..................................................... -0.44 -0.45 -0.46 -0.46 -2.10 -2.30 -1.86 -1.75 -0.70 -1.06





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-0.36 -0.48 -0.70 -0.94 -1.19 -1.42 -1.52 -1.56 -1.59 -1.62 EUROPE

-0.00 -0.11 -0.37 -0.65 -0.95 -1.25 -1.40 -1.44 -1.48 -1.52 EASTERN EUROPE-1.54 -1.57 -1.57 -1.57 -1.55 -1.54 -1.53 -1.56 -1.58 -1.61 Belarus ..................................................-0.90 -1.01 -1.12 -1.24 -1.36 -1.47 -1.51 -1.54 -1.57 -1.60 Bulgaria .................................................0.36 -0.02 -0.39 -0.77 -1.16 -1.34 -1.37 -1.39 -1.42 -1.44 Czech Republic ......................................

-1.00 -1.23 -1.30 -1.37 -1.44 -1.51 -1.56 -1.60 -1.63 -1.66 Hungary .................................................0.71 0.47 0.10 -0.25 -0.62 -1.02 -1.19 -1.26 -1.34 -1.42 Moldova .................................................0.14 0.16 -0.16 -0.49 -0.84 -1.20 -1.38 -1.43 -1.47 -1.52 Poland ...................................................

-0.07 -0.43 -0.66 -0.90 -1.17 -1.41 -1.48 -1.54 -1.59 -1.65 Romania ................................................0.31 0.10 -0.22 -0.54 -0.87 -1.21 -1.37 -1.40 -1.43 -1.45 Russian Federation ................................0.02 -0.27 -0.56 -0.88 -1.22 -1.39 -1.45 -1.50 -1.55 -1.60 Slovakia .................................................

-0.40 -0.20 -0.44 -0.69 -0.95 -1.23 -1.42 -1.46 -1.49 -1.52 Ukraine ..................................................

-0.58 -0.69 -0.88 -1.05 -1.22 -1.36 -1.42 -1.44 -1.46 -1.48 NORTHERN EUROPE-0.07 -0.20 -0.34 -0.49 -0.67 -0.87 -1.11 -1.27 -1.38 -1.48 Channel Islands (8) ................................-1.04 -1.99 -1.87 -1.74 -1.61 -1.47 -1.41 -1.42 -1.44 -1.44 Denmark ................................................

— -0.07 -0.33 -0.61 -0.90 -1.20 -1.40 -1.43 -1.47 -1.49 Estonia ..................................................-1.11 -0.94 -1.04 -1.16 -1.28 -1.42 -1.53 -1.61 -1.70 -1.78 Faeroe Islands .......................................-0.65 -0.84 -0.99 -1.15 -1.31 -1.47 -1.53 -1.58 -1.62 -1.66 Finland (9) .............................................-0.08 -0.14 -0.36 -0.60 -0.84 -1.08 -1.22 -1.23 -1.24 -1.24 Iceland ..................................................-0.66 -0.75 -0.90 -1.06 -1.23 -1.41 -1.52 -1.56 -1.61 -1.65 Ireland ...................................................0.26 0.22 0.00 -0.22 -0.45 -0.69 -0.96 -1.25 -1.41 -1.48 Isle of Man .............................................0.04 -0.11 -0.38 -0.66 -0.95 -1.26 -1.41 -1.45 -1.48 -1.51 Latvia ....................................................0.21 -0.31 -0.52 -0.76 -1.00 -1.26 -1.44 -1.47 -1.51 -1.54 Lithuania ................................................

-1.05 -0.28 -0.53 -0.78 -1.04 -1.30 -1.38 -1.40 -1.42 -1.44 Norway (10) ...........................................-0.37 -0.47 -0.66 -0.85 -1.05 -1.25 -1.33 -1.35 -1.36 -1.37 Sweden .................................................-0.70 -0.83 -0.96 -1.10 -1.23 -1.29 -1.30 -1.30 -1.31 -1.32 United Kingdom .....................................

-0.57 -0.67 -0.86 -1.07 -1.30 -1.46 -1.51 -1.55 -1.59 -1.62 SOUTHERN EUROPE-1.08 -1.18 -1.26 -1.35 -1.44 -1.53 -1.61 -1.69 -1.76 -1.84 Albania ..................................................4.92 4.20 2.89 1.65 0.45 -0.68 -0.97 -0.98 -0.98 -0.99 Andorra .................................................

-0.91 -1.09 -1.29 -1.43 -1.52 -1.61 -1.69 -1.78 -1.85 -1.93 Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................-0.39 -0.60 -0.82 -1.06 -1.32 -1.46 -1.52 -1.57 -1.62 -1.67 Croatia ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Gibraltar ................................................-0.31 -0.54 -0.78 -1.03 -1.31 -1.45 -1.50 -1.55 -1.59 -1.63 Greece ..................................................

— — — — — — — — — — Holy See (11) .........................................-0.24 -0.47 -0.71 -0.97 -1.24 -1.43 -1.46 -1.50 -1.53 -1.56 Italy .......................................................-3.66 -3.51 -3.04 -2.57 -2.07 -1.58 -1.38 -1.38 -1.39 -1.38 Malta .....................................................-1.33 0.87 0.39 -0.08 -0.55 -1.04 -1.28 -1.32 -1.37 -1.41 Montenegro ...........................................-1.47 -1.51 -1.55 -1.58 -1.60 -1.64 -1.70 -1.75 -1.80 -1.85 Portugal .................................................-2.04 -0.89 -0.98 -1.06 -1.15 -1.23 -1.24 -1.24 -1.25 -1.25 San Marino ............................................-0.15 -0.37 -0.62 -0.89 -1.18 -1.40 -1.46 -1.53 -1.59 -1.65 Serbia ....................................................0.49 0.61 0.21 -0.18 -0.58 -1.01 -1.24 -1.30 -1.37 -1.43 Slovenia .................................................

-0.39 -0.59 -0.80 -1.02 -1.25 -1.40 -1.42 -1.44 -1.46 -1.48 Spain .....................................................-1.41 -1.46 -1.52 -1.57 -1.62 -1.67 -1.71 -1.75 -1.79 -1.82 TFYR Macedonia (12) ............................

-0.65 -0.76 -0.91 -1.07 -1.24 -1.40 -1.48 -1.50 -1.52 -1.54 WESTERN EUROPE-0.41 -0.64 -0.80 -0.97 -1.15 -1.34 -1.48 -1.51 -1.55 -1.58 Austria ...................................................-1.16 -1.16 -1.17 -1.18 -1.19 -1.20 -1.20 -1.21 -1.20 -1.21 Belgium .................................................-0.80 -0.94 -1.10 -1.26 -1.41 -1.45 -1.47 -1.49 -1.51 -1.53 France ...................................................-0.22 -0.37 -0.59 -0.82 -1.06 -1.30 -1.42 -1.44 -1.47 -1.49 Germany ................................................0.15 0.07 -0.05 -0.18 -0.32 -0.50 -0.64 -0.73 -0.82 -0.92 Liechtenstein .........................................1.11 0.67 0.17 -0.32 -0.82 -1.22 -1.25 -1.26 -1.27 -1.29 Luxembourg ...........................................

— — — — — — — — — — Monaco .................................................-3.17 -2.89 -2.55 -2.18 -1.78 -1.62 -1.64 -1.66 -1.67 -1.68 Netherlands ...........................................0.02 -0.25 -0.49 -0.74 -1.00 -1.28 -1.40 -1.43 -1.46 -1.48 Switzerland ............................................

-1.85 -1.71 -1.58 -1.49 -1.42 -1.43 -1.48 -1.53 -1.57 -1.61 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

-1.48 -1.48 -1.51 -1.53 -1.52 -1.51 -1.58 -1.65 -1.73 -1.80 CARIBBEAN— — — — — — — — — — Anguilla .................................................

0.41 0.11 -0.17 -0.46 -0.81 -1.01 -1.10 -1.19 -1.29 -1.38 Antigua and Barbuda ..............................0.04 -0.10 -0.28 -0.46 -0.65 -0.86 -1.10 -1.35 -1.47 -1.55 Aruba ....................................................

-1.20 -1.24 -1.29 -1.34 -1.39 -1.42 -1.43 -1.44 -1.45 -1.46 Bahamas ...............................................-0.66 -0.79 -0.94 -1.12 -1.31 -1.43 -1.53 -1.62 -1.71 -1.80 Barbados ...............................................-0.15 -0.37 -0.61 -0.87 -1.17 -1.31 -1.40 -1.49 -1.57 -1.65 British Virgin Islands ...............................

— — — — — — — — — — Cayman Islands .....................................— -0.11 -0.38 -0.66 -0.94 -1.24 -1.38 -1.40 -1.42 -1.44 Cuba .....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Dominica ............................................... -0.27 -0.37 -2.73 -3.55 -3.45 -4.01 -1.49 -1.01 -1.06 -1.15 Dominican Republic ............................... -0.84 -0.94 -1.43 -1.66 -1.92 -2.17 -1.09 -0.60 -1.17 -2.33 Grenada ................................................ -0.26 -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.10 -0.11 0.08 0.12 0.18 0.19 Guadeloupe ........................................... -0.63 -0.63 2.43 0.15 -4.19 -13.66 -5.77 -1.48 1.49 1.46 Haiti ....................................................... -0.37 -0.42 -0.48 -0.54 -0.16 -0.03 -0.70 -1.42 -1.18 -0.91 Jamaica ................................................. -1.26 -1.47 -1.17 -1.28 -0.93 -0.98 -0.64 -0.40 -0.47 -0.49 Martinique .............................................. -0.22 -2.05 -3.60 -5.00 -6.05 -6.91 -18.31 -24.53 -0.97 -0.97 Montserrat ............................................. — -0.00 0.57 0.45 -0.13 -0.13 — — -0.07 0.42 Netherlands Antilles ............................... 3.48 3.29 -2.26 -2.36 -2.45 -2.53 -2.61 -2.68 -3.58 -4.06 Puerto Rico ............................................ -0.63 -0.75 -2.69 -3.03 -2.25 -2.36 -1.40 -2.06 -15.43 -17.54 Saint Kitts and Nevis .............................. -0.14 -0.17 -0.91 -0.97 -0.27 -0.26 0.20 0.19 0.27 0.28 Saint Lucia ............................................. -0.28 -0.29 -0.31 -0.33 -0.34 -0.36 -0.38 -0.40 -0.07 0.46 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ........... — -0.05 -1.41 -1.86 -0.01 -0.06 -1.84 -2.25 -0.83 -0.50 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 0.52 0.49 0.71 0.57 0.11 0.11 0.28 0.23 -0.24 -0.27 Turks and Caicos Islands ....................... -0.08 -0.10 -0.67 -0.69 -0.82 -0.96 -5.16 -5.96 -4.91 -5.23 United States Virgin Islands .................... 0.54 0.34 -3.40 -3.77 -4.11 -4.41 -4.67 -4.88 -5.06 -5.20

CENTRAL AMERICA -1.20 -1.31 -1.44 -1.53 -1.50 -1.50 -1.25 -1.28 -1.23 -1.00 Belize .................................................... 0.27 0.29 0.66 0.63 0.32 0.32 0.37 0.37 -0.01 -0.11 Costa Rica ............................................. -0.12 -0.12 -0.47 -0.96 -0.84 -0.61 -0.89 -1.97 -2.18 -1.51 El Salvador ............................................ -0.29 -0.30 -0.18 -0.16 -0.71 -0.89 -0.94 -1.00 -1.96 -2.03 Guatemala ............................................. -0.80 -0.89 -0.85 -0.48 -0.37 -0.22 -0.57 -0.66 -0.69 -0.72 Honduras ............................................... -0.61 -0.69 -0.78 -0.88 -0.92 -0.83 -0.90 -0.83 -0.69 -0.73 Mexico ................................................... -1.46 -1.59 -1.77 -1.90 -1.91 -2.02 -1.61 -1.66 -1.41 -1.04 Nicaragua .............................................. -0.68 -0.72 -1.06 -1.57 -0.66 -0.47 -0.49 -0.50 -0.51 -0.52 Panama ................................................. -0.86 -0.92 -1.11 -1.19 -0.54 -0.56 -0.68 -0.75 -2.84 -3.14

SOUTH AMERICA -1.48 -1.63 -1.91 -1.99 -2.31 -2.52 -2.16 -2.16 -2.01 -2.32 Argentina ............................................... -2.65 -2.81 -2.21 -2.25 -2.08 -2.12 -2.69 -2.79 -2.75 -2.78 Bolivia .................................................... -0.44 -0.46 -0.48 -0.50 -0.52 -1.46 -1.95 -2.16 -1.80 -1.24 Brazil ..................................................... -1.40 -1.56 -2.07 -2.31 -2.90 -3.21 -2.52 -2.63 -2.50 -3.35 Chile ...................................................... -2.47 -2.66 -2.56 -2.66 -2.73 -2.84 -1.53 -0.76 -1.36 -2.12 Colombia ............................................... -1.86 -2.19 -2.31 -1.61 -1.72 -1.81 -1.91 -1.63 -1.46 -1.09 Ecuador ................................................. -0.78 -0.85 -0.85 -0.85 -1.04 -1.66 -1.67 -1.66 -1.23 -1.24 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .................... 0.11 0.11 -0.55 -0.93 -1.02 -1.11 -2.76 -6.89 -4.65 -7.02 French Guiana ....................................... -2.24 -2.44 -1.36 -1.01 -1.06 -1.09 -1.34 -1.41 -0.22 -0.23 Guyana .................................................. -0.14 -0.14 -0.06 -0.06 -0.15 -0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 Paraguay ............................................... -0.15 -0.16 -0.21 -0.26 -0.62 -0.91 -1.16 -1.40 -1.39 -1.38 Peru ...................................................... -1.00 -1.07 -2.00 -2.44 -2.00 -1.68 -1.34 -1.27 -0.90 -0.29 Suriname ............................................... -0.07 -0.07 0.06 0.43 -1.35 -2.32 -4.35 -2.65 -1.25 -1.29 Uruguay ................................................. -1.10 -1.12 -1.13 -1.15 -1.19 -2.58 -2.63 -2.99 -3.07 -1.78 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) .......... -2.96 -3.38 -3.04 -3.17 -3.01 -3.03 -2.82 -2.80 -3.47 -5.00

NORTHERN AMERICA -1.82 -1.82 -1.42 -1.35 -0.03 -0.06 -0.58 -0.60 -1.58 -1.69 Bermuda ................................................ — — — — — — — — — — Canada .................................................. -2.60 -2.06 -2.64 -2.15 0.04 -0.04 -0.58 -0.19 -0.96 -1.68 Greenland .............................................. -1.98 -2.16 -4.00 -4.39 -1.25 -1.40 -1.60 -1.64 -1.18 -0.79 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ...................... -3.81 -3.96 -2.13 -1.06 -1.06 -1.07 0.34 0.99 — -0.01 United States of America ........................ -1.75 -1.80 -1.30 -1.26 -0.04 -0.06 -0.58 -0.64 -1.65 -1.69

OCEANIA -1.27 -1.31 -1.34 -1.35 -0.51 0.17 0.40 0.08 0.06 0.07

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND -1.86 -2.15 -2.32 -2.29 -1.10 -0.02 0.27 -0.18 -0.96 -1.39 Australia (13) ......................................... -2.16 -2.22 -2.24 -2.28 -0.91 0.23 0.42 0.08 -0.99 -1.59 New Zealand .......................................... -0.82 -1.88 -2.57 -2.22 -1.85 -0.77 -0.30 -1.35 -0.79 -0.47

MELANESIA -0.30 -0.40 -0.51 -0.90 -0.50 -0.26 -0.22 -0.24 0.08 0.13 Fiji ......................................................... -0.69 -0.77 -0.84 -0.66 -0.61 -0.33 -0.24 -1.03 -1.38 -1.07 New Caledonia ....................................... -1.66 -2.05 -2.47 -2.53 -1.68 -1.03 -0.67 -0.36 -0.35 -0.84 Papua New Guinea ................................ -0.17 -0.25 -0.37 -0.94 -0.48 -0.26 -0.22 -0.23 0.21 0.20 Solomon Islands .................................... -0.18 -0.23 -0.32 -0.36 -0.05 -0.32 -0.42 -0.29 -0.23 -0.25 Vanuatu ................................................. -0.17 -0.19 -0.21 -0.23 -0.25 -0.31 -0.47 -0.48 -0.36 -0.39

MICRONESIA -0.89 -1.00 -1.27 -1.67 -4.53 -1.97 -0.34 -0.40 -0.62 -1.05 Guam .................................................... -1.55 -1.72 -2.29 -3.09 -16.89 -19.26 4.08 3.67 -2.94 -2.83 Kiribati ................................................... -0.55 -0.67 -0.81 -1.14 -1.51 -0.78 -0.37 -0.44 -0.44 -2.17 Marshall Islands ..................................... -1.56 -1.92 -2.33 -4.19 -3.33 1.15 -1.83 -1.70 -0.98 -1.01 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............ -0.29 -0.30 -0.32 -0.34 -0.28 -0.16 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.72 Nauru .................................................... — — — — — — — — — —





2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-1.25 -1.35 -1.46 -1.52 -1.56 -1.59 -1.62 -1.65 -1.67 -1.70 Dominica ...............................................-2.45 -2.37 -2.23 -2.05 -1.83 -1.71 -1.75 -1.78 -1.82 -1.85 Dominican Republic ...............................0.10 -0.12 -0.35 -0.60 -0.90 -1.09 -1.19 -1.29 -1.39 -1.48 Grenada ................................................1.05 0.53 -0.01 -0.54 -1.00 -1.07 -1.08 -1.08 -1.08 -1.08 Guadeloupe ...........................................

-2.35 -2.54 -2.54 -2.42 -2.19 -1.93 -1.96 -2.04 -2.12 -2.19 Haiti .......................................................-0.35 -0.46 -0.67 -0.90 -1.14 -1.39 -1.48 -1.54 -1.60 -1.66 Jamaica .................................................-1.01 -1.04 -1.10 -1.14 -1.18 -1.18 -1.19 -1.19 -1.19 -1.19 Martinique ..............................................-0.57 -0.17 -0.26 -0.37 -0.50 -0.66 -0.76 -0.86 -0.97 -1.09 Montserrat .............................................-3.92 -3.40 -2.85 -2.28 -1.69 -1.46 -1.46 -1.47 -1.47 -1.47 Netherlands Antilles ...............................

-16.41 -13.24 -9.78 -6.25 -2.88 -2.00 -2.02 -2.02 -1.99 -2.00 Puerto Rico ............................................0.18 -0.07 -0.32 -0.59 -0.91 -1.10 -1.20 -1.29 -1.38 -1.48 Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................0.10 -0.10 -0.28 -0.47 -0.70 -0.96 -1.11 -1.21 -1.31 -1.42 Saint Lucia .............................................

-0.54 -0.69 -0.87 -1.06 -1.27 -1.44 -1.52 -1.60 -1.67 -1.74 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ...........-0.32 -0.38 -0.46 -0.55 -0.66 -0.77 -0.87 -0.99 -1.12 -1.25 Trinidad and Tobago ..............................-8.02 -8.56 -7.19 -5.65 -4.03 -2.38 -1.71 -1.71 -1.71 -1.72 Turks and Caicos Islands .......................-4.82 -4.06 -3.28 -2.46 -1.67 -1.47 -1.48 -1.49 -1.48 -1.49 United States Virgin Islands ....................

-0.96 -1.04 -1.08 -1.15 -1.23 -1.33 -1.39 -1.43 -1.48 -1.52 CENTRAL AMERICA-0.95 -1.03 -1.14 -1.25 -1.37 -1.50 -1.58 -1.65 -1.71 -1.77 Belize ....................................................-1.36 -1.42 -1.47 -1.52 -1.57 -1.62 -1.67 -1.71 -1.76 -1.80 Costa Rica .............................................-0.66 -0.78 -0.93 -1.09 -1.26 -1.44 -1.53 -1.58 -1.62 -1.66 El Salvador ............................................-0.76 -0.88 -1.02 -1.17 -1.33 -1.48 -1.57 -1.64 -1.71 -1.78 Guatemala .............................................-0.78 -0.90 -1.04 -1.19 -1.36 -1.50 -1.58 -1.65 -1.72 -1.79 Honduras ...............................................-1.30 -1.33 -1.36 -1.39 -1.43 -1.45 -1.48 -1.50 -1.52 -1.54 Mexico ...................................................-0.54 -0.64 -0.81 -1.00 -1.20 -1.41 -1.51 -1.57 -1.62 -1.67 Nicaragua ..............................................-3.17 -2.95 -2.64 -2.27 -1.87 -1.80 -1.83 -1.86 -1.88 -1.91 Panama .................................................

-2.40 -2.18 -1.93 -1.72 -1.53 -1.48 -1.53 -1.56 -1.59 -1.61 SOUTH AMERICA-2.74 -2.48 -2.19 -1.88 -1.58 -1.39 -1.39 -1.40 -1.40 -1.41 Argentina ...............................................-1.29 -1.35 -1.41 -1.47 -1.52 -1.58 -1.62 -1.66 -1.69 -1.73 Bolivia ....................................................-3.52 -3.15 -2.72 -2.26 -1.77 -1.59 -1.59 -1.61 -1.62 -1.63 Brazil .....................................................-2.56 -2.35 -2.11 -1.86 -1.60 -1.44 -1.45 -1.46 -1.46 -1.47 Chile ......................................................-1.11 -1.16 -1.23 -1.31 -1.38 -1.46 -1.50 -1.52 -1.55 -1.56 Colombia ...............................................-1.74 -1.92 -1.88 -1.82 -1.74 -1.66 -1.68 -1.72 -1.76 -1.79 Ecuador .................................................-7.49 -6.40 -5.12 -3.74 -2.31 -1.74 -1.74 -1.74 -1.76 -1.76 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) ....................-0.40 -0.64 -0.88 -1.13 -1.36 -1.41 -1.43 -1.46 -1.48 -1.50 French Guiana .......................................0.10 -0.07 -0.27 -0.50 -0.76 -1.01 -1.12 -1.22 -1.32 -1.42 Guyana ..................................................

-1.46 -1.51 -1.54 -1.57 -1.59 -1.62 -1.67 -1.72 -1.77 -1.81 Paraguay ...............................................-0.29 -0.38 -0.59 -0.82 -1.06 -1.31 -1.43 -1.46 -1.49 -1.51 Peru ......................................................-1.35 -1.40 -1.45 -1.50 -1.54 -1.57 -1.60 -1.62 -1.64 -1.67 Suriname ...............................................-1.50 -1.48 -1.43 -1.39 -1.35 -1.31 -1.31 -1.31 -1.31 -1.32 Uruguay .................................................-5.87 -5.06 -4.13 -3.15 -2.16 -1.56 -1.55 -1.56 -1.56 -1.57 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ..........

-1.58 -1.52 -1.50 -1.47 -1.44 -1.46 -1.49 -1.51 -1.52 -1.53 NORTHERN AMERICA— — — — — — — — — — Bermuda ................................................

-0.64 -0.47 -0.66 -0.86 -1.07 -1.28 -1.37 -1.39 -1.41 -1.42 Canada ..................................................-1.37 -1.38 -1.39 -1.40 -1.40 -1.41 -1.42 -1.43 -1.44 -1.46 Greenland ..............................................-0.20 -0.46 -0.73 -0.99 -1.22 -1.26 -1.27 -1.28 -1.29 -1.29 Saint Pierre and Miquelon ......................-1.68 -1.64 -1.60 -1.54 -1.49 -1.49 -1.51 -1.52 -1.54 -1.55 United States of America ........................

-0.04 -0.11 -0.21 -0.30 -0.41 -0.50 -0.58 -0.69 -0.80 -0.91 OCEANIA

-1.50 -1.47 -1.44 -1.41 -1.38 -1.37 -1.38 -1.39 -1.40 -1.41 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND-1.67 -1.61 -1.55 -1.48 -1.41 -1.37 -1.38 -1.39 -1.40 -1.41 Australia (13) .........................................-0.76 -0.84 -0.96 -1.09 -1.22 -1.33 -1.34 -1.35 -1.36 -1.37 New Zealand ..........................................

0.09 -0.04 -0.16 -0.29 -0.46 -0.58 -0.66 -0.75 -0.84 -0.94 MELANESIA-0.99 -1.07 -1.17 -1.28 -1.39 -1.51 -1.59 -1.66 -1.72 -1.78 Fiji .........................................................-0.95 -1.03 -1.13 -1.25 -1.37 -1.49 -1.55 -1.59 -1.63 -1.66 New Caledonia .......................................0.14 0.01 -0.11 -0.25 -0.42 -0.55 -0.63 -0.71 -0.81 -0.91 Papua New Guinea ................................

-0.30 -0.39 -0.49 -0.62 -0.78 -0.90 -1.02 -1.13 -1.26 -1.39 Solomon Islands ....................................-0.45 -0.56 -0.68 -0.83 -1.01 -1.14 -1.25 -1.37 -1.50 -1.62 Vanuatu .................................................

-0.77 -0.65 -0.69 -0.78 -0.92 -1.14 -1.28 -1.39 -1.50 -1.59 MICRONESIA— -0.19 -0.44 -0.69 -0.95 -1.18 -1.21 -1.22 -1.22 -1.23 Guam ....................................................

-0.21 -0.17 -0.40 -0.65 -0.92 -1.22 -1.36 -1.44 -1.52 -1.59 Kiribati ...................................................-1.09 -1.18 -1.29 -1.39 -1.49 -1.54 -1.57 -1.60 -1.63 -1.65 Marshall Islands .....................................

— -0.09 -0.24 -0.40 -0.60 -0.83 -0.97 -1.08 -1.19 -1.30 Micronesia (Federated States of) ............— — — — — — — — — — Nauru ....................................................





1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000

Northern Mariana Islands ....................... -1.37 -2.09 -3.36 -6.41 -8.63 -7.72 -2.58 -2.47 0.34 -1.19 Palau ..................................................... -0.65 -0.67 -0.68 -0.70 -0.72 -0.74 -2.77 -1.41 -1.25 1.02

POLYNESIA -0.81 -0.52 -0.65 -0.89 -0.59 -0.39 -0.59 -0.38 -0.13 -0.19 American Samoa .................................... -1.21 -1.26 -1.30 -1.34 -1.38 -1.48 -2.87 -3.09 -5.16 -5.41 Cook Islands .......................................... -0.71 -0.74 -0.77 -0.80 -0.33 0.09 0.36 -1.73 -0.87 -2.70 French Polynesia ................................... -1.28 -1.43 -2.11 -2.92 -0.74 -0.24 0.05 0.65 1.02 0.50 Niue ....................................................... -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.11 -0.58 -0.98 -1.13 0.04 -0.16 -0.66 Pitcairn .................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Samoa ................................................... -1.07 -0.37 -0.09 -0.26 -0.16 -0.05 -0.01 — -0.07 -0.10 Tokelau ................................................. — — — — — — — — — — Tonga .................................................... -0.61 -0.50 -0.48 -0.17 -0.04 -0.21 -0.28 -0.11 -0.04 -0.08 Tuvalu ................................................... -0.50 -0.59 -0.70 -0.83 -0.97 -1.13 -1.30 -2.05 -1.15 -0.74 Wallis and Futuna Islands ...................... — — — — — — — — — —






2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050

-1.27 -1.28 -1.29 -1.30 -1.31 -1.32 -1.32 -1.33 -1.33 -1.34 Northern Mariana Islands .......................-5.45 -5.56 -4.92 -4.10 -3.18 -2.19 -1.79 -1.80 -1.82 -1.83 Palau .....................................................

-0.34 -0.40 -0.57 -0.76 -0.97 -1.16 -1.25 -1.35 -1.45 -1.55 POLYNESIA-5.07 -4.32 -3.49 -2.63 -1.78 -1.56 -1.57 -1.58 -1.58 -1.59 American Samoa ....................................-4.07 -4.30 -3.95 -3.45 -2.85 -2.19 -1.78 -1.80 -1.82 -1.84 Cook Islands ..........................................0.30 0.02 -0.30 -0.63 -0.99 -1.30 -1.38 -1.44 -1.50 -1.56 French Polynesia ...................................

-0.94 -1.03 -1.14 -1.25 -1.37 -1.48 -1.58 -1.68 -1.78 -1.87 Niue .......................................................— — — — — — — — — — Pitcairn ..................................................

-0.13 -0.26 -0.40 -0.57 -0.78 -0.97 -1.08 -1.18 -1.30 -1.42 Samoa ...................................................— — — — — — — — — — Tokelau .................................................

-0.21 -0.37 -0.55 -0.77 -0.97 -1.07 -1.18 -1.29 -1.40 -1.52 Tonga ....................................................-0.79 -0.90 -1.04 -1.18 -1.34 -1.49 -1.57 -1.64 -1.71 -1.78 Tuvalu ...................................................



Table A.11. The 30 largest urban agglomerations ranked by population size, 1950-2025

1950 1955

Rank Agglomeration and country Population Rank Agglomeration and country Population(millions) (millions)

1 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 12.338 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 13.7132 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 11.275 2 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 13.2193 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.361 3 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.2784 Paris, France .............................................................. 6.522 4 Paris, France .............................................................. 6.7965 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 6.066 5 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 6.2996 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 5.356 6 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 5.7997 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 5.098 7 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 5.7498 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 4.999 8 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 5.5659 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 4.513 9 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 5.154

10 Beijing, China .............................................................. 4.331 10 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 5.12011 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 4.147 11 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 5.05512 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 4.046 12 Beijing, China .............................................................. 4.62813 Berlin, Germany .......................................................... 3.352 13 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 3.80114 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 3.128 14 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 3.59215 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 2.950 15 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 3.51116 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 2.903 16 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 3.43217 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 2.883 17 Berlin, Germany .......................................................... 3.29918 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 2.857 18 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 3.14119 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 2.769 19 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 3.14020 Boston, USA ............................................................... 2.551 20 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 3.04421 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 2.494 21 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 3.02922 Manchester, United Kingdom ....................................... 2.422 22 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 2.93123 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 2.374 23 Boston, USA ............................................................... 2.68024 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 2.334 24 Shenyang, China ........................................................ 2.45125 Birmingham, United Kingdom ....................................... 2.229 25 Manchester, United Kingdom ....................................... 2.42526 Shenyang, China ........................................................ 2.091 26 Birmingham, United Kingdom ....................................... 2.28327 Wien (Vienna), Austria ................................................ 2.086 27 Roma (Rome), Italy ..................................................... 2.14328 Roma (Rome), Italy ..................................................... 1.884 28 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 2.12129 Milano (Milan), Italy ..................................................... 1.883 29 Barcelona, Spain ......................................................... 2.10330 San Francisco-Oakland, USA ...................................... 1.855 30 Milano (Milan), Italy ..................................................... 2.099

1960 1965


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 16.679 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 20.2842 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 14.164 2 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 15.1773 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.196 3 Paris, France .............................................................. 7.9684 Paris, France .............................................................. 7.411 4 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.8695 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 6.598 5 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 7.6546 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 6.542 6 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 7.4087 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 6.530 7 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 7.3178 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 6.227 8 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 6.7939 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 6.183 9 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 6.653

10 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 6.170 10 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 6.63911 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 5.652 11 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 6.62212 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 5.012 12 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 6.26113 Beijing, China .............................................................. 4.945 13 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 5.49414 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 4.374 14 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 5.38715 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 4.060 15 Beijing, China .............................................................. 5.28416 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 3.970 16 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 4.85417 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 3.930 17 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 4.73818 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 3.680 18 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 4.33219 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 3.618 19 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 4.16120 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 3.548 20 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 3.75921 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 3.398 21 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 3.67722 Berlin, Germany .......................................................... 3.260 22 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 3.45223 Shenyang, China ........................................................ 2.873 23 Shenyang, China ........................................................ 3.30024 Boston, USA ............................................................... 2.818 24 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 3.29725 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 2.679 25 Berlin, Germany .......................................................... 3.23226 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 2.620 26 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 3.19127 Barcelona, Spain ......................................................... 2.468 27 Boston, USA ............................................................... 3.00028 Roma (Rome), Italy ..................................................... 2.456 28 Barcelona, Spain ......................................................... 2.93029 Manchester, United Kingdom ....................................... 2.427 29 Madrid, Spain .............................................................. 2.89830 Milano (Milan), Italy ..................................................... 2.395 30 Delhi, India ................................................................. 2.845


Table A.11. The 30 largest urban agglomerations ranked by population size (continued)

1970 1975


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 23.298 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 26.6152 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 16.191 2 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 15.8803 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 9.408 3 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 10.6904 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 8.769 4 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 9.8445 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 8.378 5 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 9.6146 Paris, France .............................................................. 8.350 6 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 8.9267 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 8.105 7 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 8.7458 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 7.620 8 Paris, France .............................................................. 8.5589 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.509 9 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 7.888

10 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 7.106 10 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 7.62311 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.106 11 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 7.55712 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 7.055 12 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.54613 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 6.926 13 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 7.32614 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 6.637 14 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.16015 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 5.811 15 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 7.08216 Beijing, China .............................................................. 5.646 16 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 6.80817 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 5.585 17 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 6.45018 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 5.312 18 Beijing, China .............................................................. 6.03419 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 4.593 19 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 4.99920 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 4.396 20 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 4.87021 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 3.980 21 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 4.81322 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 3.966 22 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 4.46723 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 3.915 23 Delhi, India ................................................................. 4.42624 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 3.534 24 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 4.32525 Delhi, India ................................................................. 3.531 25 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 4.27326 Madrid, Spain .............................................................. 3.521 26 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 3.98927 Shenyang, China ........................................................ 3.493 27 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 3.94328 Barcelona, Spain ......................................................... 3.482 28 Madrid, Spain .............................................................. 3.89029 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 3.458 29 Detroit, USA ................................................................ 3.88530 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 3.290 30 Krung Thep (Bangkok), Thailand .................................. 3.842

1980 1985


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 28.549 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 30.3042 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 15.601 2 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 15.8273 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 13.010 3 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 14.1094 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 12.089 4 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 13.3955 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 9.990 5 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 10.3506 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 9.512 6 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 10.3417 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 9.422 7 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 10.1818 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 9.030 8 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 9.9599 Paris, France .............................................................. 8.669 9 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 9.946

10 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 8.658 10 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.54711 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 8.583 11 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 9.08612 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 8.258 12 Paris, France .............................................................. 8.95613 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 8.136 13 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 8.58014 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.660 14 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 8.32815 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 7.608 15 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 7.90116 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 7.349 16 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.66717 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.216 17 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.28518 Beijing, China .............................................................. 6.448 18 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 7.00919 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 5.984 19 Beijing, China .............................................................. 6.89020 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 5.955 20 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 6.88821 Delhi, India ................................................................. 5.558 21 Delhi, India ................................................................. 6.76922 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 5.163 22 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 6.03323 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 5.079 23 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 5.83924 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 5.048 24 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 5.47425 Krung Thep (Bangkok), Thailand .................................. 4.723 25 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 5.40726 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 4.645 26 Krung Thep (Bangkok), Thailand .................................. 5.27927 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 4.609 27 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 5.11628 Philadelphia, USA ....................................................... 4.540 28 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 5.07029 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 4.438 29 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg), Russian Fed. ....... 4.84430 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 4.397 30 Chennai (Madras), India .............................................. 4.748



1990 1995


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 32.530 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 33.5872 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 16.086 2 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 16.9433 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 15.312 3 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 16.8114 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 14.776 4 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 15.9485 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 12.308 5 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 14.1116 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.035 6 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 11.9247 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 10.890 7 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 11.3398 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 10.883 8 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 11.1549 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 10.544 9 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.052

10 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 10.513 10 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 10.42311 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 9.595 11 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 10.25612 Paris, France .............................................................. 9.330 12 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 10.17413 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 9.061 13 Delhi, India ................................................................. 10.09214 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 8.987 14 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 9.70715 Delhi, India ................................................................. 8.206 15 Paris, France .............................................................. 9.51016 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 8.205 16 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 9.40117 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 8.175 17 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 9.20118 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 7.973 18 Beijing, China .............................................................. 8.48619 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.654 19 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 8.46720 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.374 20 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 8.33221 Beijing, China .............................................................. 7.362 21 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 8.32222 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 7.147 22 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 7.90823 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 6.621 23 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 7.83924 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 6.552 24 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 7.66525 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 6.365 25 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 6.68726 Krung Thep (Bangkok), Thailand .................................. 5.888 26 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 6.53727 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 5.837 27 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 6.24628 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 5.804 28 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 6.20629 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 5.677 29 Krung Thep (Bangkok), Thailand .................................. 6.10630 Chennai (Madras), India .............................................. 5.338 30 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 5.966

2000 2005


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 34.450 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 35.3272 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 18.022 2 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 18.7353 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 17.846 3 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 18.7324 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 17.099 4 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 18.3335 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 16.086 5 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 18.2026 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 13.243 6 Delhi, India ................................................................. 15.0537 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 13.058 7 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 14.5038 Delhi, India ................................................................. 12.441 8 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 14.2829 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 11.847 9 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 12.576

10 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 11.814 10 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 12.55311 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.165 11 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 12.30712 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 10.803 12 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 11.55313 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 10.534 13 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 11.48714 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 10.285 14 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 11.46915 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 10.019 15 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.25816 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.016 16 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 10.76117 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 9.958 17 Beijing, China .............................................................. 10.71718 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.917 18 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.41619 Beijing, China .............................................................. 9.782 19 Paris, France .............................................................. 9.85220 Paris, France .............................................................. 9.692 20 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.82521 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 8.744 21 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 9.70922 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 8.390 22 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 8.84323 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 8.333 23 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 8.82024 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.225 24 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 8.76725 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 7.388 25 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.50526 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 7.233 26 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 8.42527 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 7.128 27 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 7.74728 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 7.116 28 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 7.65329 Tianjin, China .............................................................. 6.722 29 Bogotá, Colombia ........................................................ 7.35330 Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR ............................ 6.662 30 Shenzhen, China ......................................................... 7.233



2010 2015


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 36.094 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 36.3712 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 20.072 2 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 21.9463 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 19.582 3 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 20.5444 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 19.485 4 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 20.1895 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 19.441 5 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 19.9746 Delhi, India ................................................................. 17.015 6 Delhi, India ................................................................. 18.6697 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 15.789 7 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 17.2148 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 15.577 8 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 17.0399 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 14.796 9 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 17.015

10 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 13.089 10 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 14.85511 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 13.052 11 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 13.46512 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 12.773 12 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 13.43213 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 12.503 13 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 13.16014 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 12.171 14 Beijing, China .............................................................. 12.84215 Beijing, China .............................................................. 11.741 15 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 12.78616 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 11.662 16 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 12.77517 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.337 17 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 12.40318 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 10.572 18 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.36519 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 10.530 19 Kinshasa, Dem. Republic of the Congo ........................ 11.31320 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.495 20 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 11.17721 Paris, France .............................................................. 9.958 21 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 10.79222 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.762 22 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.52423 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 9.703 23 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 10.41424 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 9.447 24 Paris, France .............................................................. 10.00725 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 9.211 25 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.74026 Kinshasa, Dem. Republic of the Congo ........................ 9.052 26 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 9.51627 London, United Kingdom ............................................. 8.607 27 Shenzhen, China ......................................................... 8.95228 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 8.375 28 Bogotá, Colombia ........................................................ 8.91629 Bogotá, Colombia ........................................................ 8.320 29 Lima, Peru .................................................................. 8.85730 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 8.221 30 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 8.832

2020 2025


1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 36.399 1 Tokyo, Japan .............................................................. 36.4002 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 24.051 2 Mumbai (Bombay), India .............................................. 26.3853 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 21.124 3 Delhi, India ................................................................. 22.4984 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 20.695 4 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 22.0155 Delhi, India ................................................................. 20.484 5 São Paulo, Brazil ......................................................... 21.4286 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 20.370 6 Ciudad de México (Mexico City), Mexico ...................... 21.0097 Dhaka, Bangladesh ..................................................... 19.422 7 New York-Newark, USA ............................................... 20.6288 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 18.707 8 Kolkata (Calcutta), India .............................................. 20.5609 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 18.466 9 Shanghai, China ......................................................... 19.412

10 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 16.922 10 Karachi, Pakistan ........................................................ 19.09511 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 14.451 11 Kinshasa, Dem. Republic of the Congo ........................ 16.76212 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 14.134 12 Lagos, Nigeria ............................................................. 15.79613 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 13.892 13 Al-Qahirah (Cairo), Egypt ............................................ 15.56114 Kinshasa, Dem. Republic of the Congo ........................ 13.875 14 Manila, Philippines ...................................................... 14.80815 Beijing, China .............................................................. 13.807 15 Beijing, China .............................................................. 14.54516 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 13.653 16 Buenos Aires, Argentina .............................................. 13.76817 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 13.461 17 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, USA ................... 13.67218 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 13.179 18 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................. 13.41319 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 11.695 19 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 12.36320 Jakarta, Indonesia ....................................................... 11.689 20 Istanbul, Turkey .......................................................... 12.10221 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.368 21 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 11.83522 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ................................... 11.218 22 Osaka-Kobe, Japan ..................................................... 11.36823 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.526 23 Moskva (Moscow), Russian Fed. ................................. 10.52624 Paris, France .............................................................. 10.031 24 Lahore, Pakistan ......................................................... 10.51225 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 9.756 25 Shenzhen, China ......................................................... 10.19626 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.738 26 Chennai (Madras), India .............................................. 10.12927 Shenzhen, China ......................................................... 9.654 27 Paris, France .............................................................. 10.03628 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 9.404 28 Chicago, USA ............................................................. 9.93229 Bogotá, Colombia ........................................................ 9.299 29 Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) ................................ 9.81430 Lahore, Pakistan ......................................................... 9.275 30 Seoul, Republic of Korea ............................................. 9.738


Table A.12. Population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007,by country, 1950-2025

Estimates and projections: 1950-2025

Population (thousands)Country and agglomeration

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

AFGHANISTAN Kabul ......................................................... 129 184 263 369 472 674 978 1 160 1 306 1 616 1 963 2 994 3 768 4 730 5 836 7 175

ALGERIA El Djazaïr (Algiers) .................................... 516 623 872 1 049 1 254 1 499 1 621 1 672 1 908 2 295 2 754 3 199 3 574 3 922 4 235 4 499 Wahran (Oran) ........................................... 269 286 305 325 385 466 537 604 647 675 706 765 852 944 1 030 1 105

ANGOLA Huambo ..................................................... 15 24 37 48 61 95 153 232 326 444 578 775 1 035 1 310 1 567 1 824 Luanda ...................................................... 138 174 219 315 459 665 962 1 295 1 568 1 953 2 591 3 533 4 775 6 036 7 153 8 236

ARGENTINA Buenos Aires ............................................. 5 098 5 799 6 598 7 317 8 105 8 745 9 422 9 959 10 513 11 154 11 847 12 553 13 089 13 432 13 653 13 768 Córdoba .................................................... 429 510 605 701 810 905 1 010 1 102 1 200 1 275 1 348 1 423 1 494 1 556 1 606 1 645 Mendoza .................................................... 246 284 328 394 473 537 608 680 759 802 838 876 918 959 993 1 020 Rosario ...................................................... 554 610 671 740 816 883 953 1 017 1 084 1 121 1 152 1 186 1 233 1 283 1 326 1 360 San Miguel de Tucumán ............................. 224 260 301 332 365 424 494 550 611 666 722 781 832 871 902 928

ARMENIA Yerevan ..................................................... 341 431 538 648 778 911 1 042 1 123 1 175 1 142 1 111 1 103 1 102 1 102 1 102 1 102

AUSTRALIA Adelaide .................................................... 429 497 572 697 792 881 943 993 1 046 1 074 1 102 1 133 1 167 1 212 1 258 1 300 Brisbane .................................................... 442 518 603 699 798 928 1 067 1 192 1 329 1 471 1 603 1 780 1 970 2 092 2 170 2 233 Melbourne ................................................. 1 332 1 574 1 851 2 068 2 334 2 561 2 765 2 935 3 117 3 257 3 433 3 641 3 851 4 013 4 137 4 238 Perth ......................................................... 311 358 409 483 611 770 898 1 023 1 160 1 273 1 373 1 484 1 598 1 683 1 746 1 800 Sydney ...................................................... 1 690 1 906 2 135 2 390 2 667 2 960 3 227 3 432 3 632 3 839 4 078 4 260 4 427 4 582 4 716 4 826

AUSTRIA Wien (Vienna) ............................................ 2 086 2 087 2 089 2 080 2 070 2 059 2 049 2 069 2 096 2 127 2 158 2 264 2 385 2 451 2 476 2 496

AZERBAIJAN Baku .......................................................... 897 940 1 005 1 132 1 274 1 429 1 574 1 660 1 733 1 766 1 806 1 867 1 931 2 006 2 097 2 187

BANGLADESH Chittagong ................................................. 289 323 360 503 723 1 017 1 340 1 655 2 023 2 578 3 308 4 187 5 012 5 814 6 688 7 639 Dhaka ........................................................ 336 409 508 821 1 374 2 221 3 266 4 660 6 621 8 332 10 285 12 576 14 796 17 015 19 422 22 015 Khulna ....................................................... 41 69 120 194 310 472 627 790 985 1 133 1 285 1 466 1 699 1 979 2 294 2 640 Rajshahi .................................................... 39 47 56 76 105 150 238 354 521 606 678 766 887 1 037 1 208 1 396

BELARUS Minsk ........................................................ 284 414 551 719 932 1 120 1 318 1 474 1 607 1 649 1 700 1 775 1 846 1 879 1 883 1 883

BELGIUM Antwerpen ................................................. 759 786 813 835 855 868 880 881 893 906 912 918 920 920 920 920 Bruxelles-Brussel ....................................... 1 415 1 449 1 485 1 525 1 568 1 610 1 654 1 654 1 680 1 715 1 733 1 742 1 744 1 744 1 744 1 744

BENIN Cotonou ..................................................... 20 27 73 111 163 240 337 412 504 577 642 720 841 1 004 1 196 1 411

BOLIVIA La Paz ....................................................... 319 374 438 512 600 703 809 927 1 062 1 267 1 390 1 527 1 692 1 864 2 027 2 178 Santa Cruz ................................................ 42 59 84 118 166 234 324 447 616 833 1 054 1 320 1 551 1 724 1 876 2 016

BRAZIL Baixada Santista (1) ................................... 246 311 395 497 625 770 949 1 062 1 184 1 319 1 468 1 638 1 810 1 941 2 031 2 095 Belém ........................................................ 242 303 378 477 601 706 827 966 1 129 1 393 1 748 2 043 2 335 2 525 2 639 2 717 Belo Horizonte ........................................... 412 567 782 1 078 1 485 1 906 2 441 2 946 3 548 4 093 4 659 5 304 5 941 6 356 6 597 6 748 Brasília ...................................................... 36 70 137 268 525 827 1 293 1 559 1 863 2 257 2 746 3 341 3 938 4 284 4 463 4 578 Campinas .................................................. 152 211 293 398 540 773 1 109 1 374 1 693 1 975 2 264 2 634 3 003 3 241 3 380 3 474 Campo Grande .......................................... 32 45 64 91 129 190 279 369 486 574 654 741 830 896 943 978 Cuiabá ....................................................... 27 37 51 71 100 162 264 368 510 606 686 770 857 924 972 1 008 Curitiba ...................................................... 158 244 379 498 651 922 1 310 1 553 1 829 2 138 2 494 2 908 3 320 3 582 3 735 3 836 Florianópolis .............................................. 68 81 97 121 150 221 326 406 503 609 734 934 1 142 1 263 1 328 1 374 Fortaleza ................................................... 264 363 500 659 867 1 136 1 488 1 822 2 226 2 554 2 875 3 237 3 599 3 852 4 011 4 117 Goiânia ...................................................... 53 89 148 236 375 527 737 915 1 132 1 356 1 608 1 898 2 189 2 373 2 482 2 556 Grande São Luís ........................................ 120 137 158 203 263 342 445 548 672 775 876 990 1 106 1 192 1 252 1 296 Grande Vitória ............................................ 85 121 171 241 339 493 716 871 1 052 1 221 1 398 1 613 1 829 1 975 2 067 2 132 João Pessoa .............................................. 117 147 184 230 289 362 453 544 652 741 827 918 1 012 1 088 1 142 1 183


Table A.12. Population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007 (continued)



1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Maceió ...................................................... 123 150 182 225 278 342 420 527 660 798 952 1 116 1 281 1 391 1 460 1 510 Manaus ..................................................... 90 116 151 206 281 411 604 761 955 1 159 1 392 1 645 1 898 2 060 2 156 2 223 Natal .......................................................... 108 137 176 225 288 367 467 569 692 800 910 1 035 1 161 1 254 1 316 1 362 Norte/Nordeste Catarinense (2) .................. 64 86 116 154 205 278 378 478 603 709 815 936 1 059 1 146 1 205 1 247 Pôrto Alegre ............................................... 488 656 882 1 111 1 398 1 727 2 133 2 504 2 934 3 236 3 505 3 795 4 096 4 344 4 517 4 633 Recife ........................................................ 661 842 1 074 1 327 1 638 1 867 2 122 2 390 2 690 2 958 3 230 3 527 3 831 4 072 4 236 4 347 Rio de Janeiro ............................................ 2 950 3 592 4 374 5 387 6 637 7 557 8 583 9 086 9 595 10 174 10 803 11 469 12 171 12 775 13 179 13 413 Salvador .................................................... 403 520 671 847 1 069 1 341 1 683 1 983 2 331 2 644 2 968 3 331 3 695 3 951 4 114 4 222 São Paulo .................................................. 2 334 3 044 3 970 5 494 7 620 9 614 12 089 13 395 14 776 15 948 17 099 18 333 19 582 20 544 21 124 21 428 Teresina .................................................... 54 75 104 143 195 276 390 490 614 706 789 872 958 1 029 1 082 1 121

BULGARIA Sofia .......................................................... 522 616 708 806 888 977 1 074 1 181 1 191 1 168 1 128 1 166 1 212 1 233 1 236 1 236

BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou ............................................ 33 46 59 82 111 149 257 424 537 667 828 1 044 1 324 1 676 2 111 2 632

CAMBODIA Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) ........................ 364 376 389 436 900 100 238 427 615 836 1 160 1 363 1 651 2 028 2 457 2 911

CAMEROON Douala ....................................................... 95 117 153 205 298 433 571 740 931 1 155 1 432 1 766 2 108 2 425 2 721 2 996 Yaoundé .................................................... 32 49 75 112 183 292 415 578 754 948 1 192 1 489 1 787 2 058 2 312 2 549

CANADA Calgary ...................................................... 132 186 262 320 389 457 568 656 738 809 953 1 056 1 182 1 258 1 304 1 345 Edmonton .................................................. 163 228 318 389 477 543 623 756 831 859 924 1 017 1 112 1 174 1 217 1 256 Montréal .................................................... 1 343 1 652 2 031 2 373 2 684 2 791 2 824 2 904 3 154 3 305 3 471 3 603 3 781 3 912 4 014 4 108 Ottawa-Gatineau ........................................ 282 342 415 482 581 676 729 803 918 988 1 079 1 119 1 182 1 232 1 274 1 315 Toronto ...................................................... 1 068 1 365 1 744 2 093 2 535 2 770 3 008 3 355 3 807 4 197 4 607 5 035 5 447 5 687 5 827 5 946 Vancouver ................................................. 556 588 620 836 1 045 1 150 1 247 1 359 1 559 1 789 1 959 2 093 2 219 2 310 2 380 2 444

CHAD N'Djaména ................................................. 22 40 71 109 155 231 324 393 477 579 711 902 1 127 1 405 1 753 2 172

CHILE Santiago .................................................... 1 322 1 618 1 980 2 294 2 647 3 138 3 721 4 201 4 616 4 964 5 275 5 599 5 879 6 084 6 224 6 310 Valparaíso .................................................. 328 377 433 481 532 581 635 685 733 771 803 838 880 922 956 982

CHINA (3) Anshan, Liaoning ....................................... 479 601 753 917 996 1 082 1 175 1 295 1 442 1 496 1 552 1 611 1 703 1 863 2 029 2 167 Anshun ...................................................... 191 213 238 265 296 331 370 472 658 709 763 822 896 992 1 085 1 164 Anyang ...................................................... 108 138 175 223 283 360 458 544 617 686 763 849 948 1 056 1 156 1 240 Baoding ..................................................... 179 210 247 290 341 401 471 535 595 728 890 1 042 1 206 1 355 1 482 1 586 Baotou ....................................................... 530 591 660 737 822 918 1 024 1 127 1 229 1 426 1 655 1 920 2 209 2 472 2 691 2 869 Beijing ....................................................... 4 331 4 628 4 945 5 284 5 646 6 034 6 448 6 890 7 362 8 486 9 782 10 717 11 741 12 842 13 807 14 545 Bengbu ...................................................... 233 267 306 351 403 461 529 606 695 748 805 867 944 1 044 1 142 1 225 Benxi ......................................................... 414 474 542 613 661 713 769 844 938 958 979 1 000 1 046 1 143 1 249 1 339 Changchun ................................................ 765 922 1 111 1 312 1 430 1 558 1 698 1 909 2 192 2 446 2 730 3 046 3 400 3 763 4 082 4 338 Changde .................................................... 293 349 415 494 588 700 833 992 1 180 1 258 1 341 1 429 1 543 1 699 1 852 1 979 Changsha, Hunan ...................................... 623 670 721 779 857 942 1 036 1 165 1 329 1 667 2 091 2 451 2 832 3 167 3 443 3 663 Changzhou, Jiangsu ................................... 111 140 178 225 285 360 456 577 730 883 1 068 1 249 1 445 1 622 1 772 1 894 Chengdu .................................................... 768 922 1 106 1 327 1 592 1 911 2 293 2 639 2 955 3 403 3 919 4 065 4 266 4 634 5 014 5 320 Chifeng ...................................................... 133 161 194 235 284 343 414 601 987 1 065 1 148 1 238 1 348 1 489 1 625 1 739 Chongqing ................................................. 1 680 1 837 2 010 2 184 2 308 2 439 2 577 2 808 3 123 4 342 6 037 6 363 6 690 7 254 7 823 8 275 Dalian ........................................................ 678 850 1 064 1 285 1 339 1 396 1 455 1 793 2 472 2 658 2 858 3 073 3 335 3 662 3 971 4 221 Dandong .................................................... 236 269 305 347 395 449 511 581 661 716 776 841 921 1 020 1 117 1 198 Daqing ....................................................... 264 311 368 434 513 605 715 844 997 1 167 1 366 1 594 1 842 2 066 2 252 2 404 Datong, Shanxi .......................................... 618 662 711 762 818 877 941 1 074 1 277 1 392 1 518 1 763 2 038 2 283 2 488 2 653 Dongguan, Guangdong .............................. 379 451 537 638 760 904 1 075 1 344 1 737 2 559 3 770 4 320 4 850 5 366 5 808 6 157 Foshan ...................................................... 94 112 133 158 188 224 266 333 429 569 754 888 1 027 1 155 1 265 1 356 Fushun, Liaoning ....................................... 634 726 832 941 1 009 1 082 1 160 1 263 1 388 1 410 1 433 1 456 1 516 1 652 1 800 1 924 Fuxin ......................................................... 166 205 254 314 387 479 592 680 743 685 631 725 839 945 1 036 1 112 Fuyang ...................................................... 49 59 72 87 106 129 157 191 232 376 609 726 840 946 1 038 1 114 Fuzhou, Fujian ........................................... 492 598 728 866 936 1 012 1 095 1 223 1 396 1 710 2 096 2 453 2 834 3 170 3 445 3 666 Guangzhou, Guangdong ............................ 1 491 1 675 1 883 2 116 2 379 2 673 3 005 3 417 3 918 5 380 7 388 8 425 9 447 10 414 11 218 11 835 Guilin ......................................................... 152 179 211 248 291 343 403 474 557 666 795 929 1 075 1 209 1 323 1 418 Guiyang ..................................................... 675 750 833 924 1 026 1 140 1 265 1 440 1 665 2 208 2 929 3 447 3 980 4 443 4 818 5 114 Haerbin ...................................................... 1 012 1 276 1 610 1 968 2 122 2 288 2 467 2 702 2 991 3 209 3 444 3 566 3 753 4 083 4 421 4 696 Handan ...................................................... 378 436 503 579 667 769 886 993 1 092 1 201 1 321 1 535 1 775 1 991 2 171 2 318 Hangzhou .................................................. 638 739 856 975 1 034 1 097 1 164 1 291 1 476 1 887 2 411 2 831 3 269 3 654 3 967 4 217





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Hefei .......................................................... 256 308 369 443 531 637 764 917 1 100 1 342 1 637 1 916 2 214 2 480 2 700 2 878 Hengyang .................................................. 167 200 239 286 343 410 491 587 702 783 873 973 1 087 1 210 1 324 1 418 Heze .......................................................... 381 440 507 586 676 780 901 1 040 1 200 1 238 1 277 1 318 1 388 1 518 1 655 1 771 Huai'an ...................................................... 829 860 893 926 961 997 1 034 1 073 1 113 1 154 1 198 1 243 1 315 1 440 1 571 1 681 Huaibei ...................................................... 207 233 262 295 333 375 422 476 536 627 733 858 995 1 120 1 227 1 315 Huainan ..................................................... 498 557 624 698 782 875 980 1 097 1 228 1 289 1 353 1 420 1 515 1 663 1 812 1 937 Hohhot ....................................................... 318 363 415 473 540 617 704 810 938 1 142 1 389 1 625 1 878 2 106 2 295 2 449 Huzhou ...................................................... 678 714 752 793 835 879 926 976 1 028 1 083 1 141 1 203 1 288 1 416 1 545 1 654 Jiamusi ...................................................... 220 253 290 332 381 437 502 575 660 750 853 969 1 099 1 229 1 345 1 441 Jiaozuo ...................................................... 206 236 270 309 353 404 462 529 605 670 742 822 915 1 019 1 115 1 196 Jiaxing ....................................................... 448 477 508 541 576 613 653 696 741 806 877 954 1 047 1 160 1 268 1 359 Jilin ............................................................ 396 464 542 634 741 867 1 014 1 164 1 320 1 596 1 928 2 255 2 606 2 916 3 171 3 376 Jinan, Shandong ........................................ 598 741 919 1 104 1 168 1 236 1 308 1 667 2 404 2 512 2 625 2 743 2 914 3 182 3 453 3 674 Jining, Shandong ....................................... 258 288 322 359 401 448 501 633 871 954 1 044 1 143 1 260 1 396 1 525 1 632 Jinxi, Liaoning ............................................ 226 273 330 399 482 583 704 943 1 350 1 605 1 908 2 268 2 658 2 986 3 248 3 457 Jinzhou ...................................................... 326 371 421 472 500 530 562 631 736 795 858 925 1 009 1 117 1 221 1 309 Jixi, Heilongjiang ........................................ 177 222 280 352 442 556 700 792 835 871 908 947 1 006 1 105 1 208 1 295 Kaifeng ...................................................... 349 380 414 451 492 536 584 636 693 741 793 848 918 1 014 1 110 1 191 Kaohsiung ................................................. 255 337 445 592 806 986 1 160 1 289 1 380 1 424 1 469 1 515 1 595 1 743 1 899 2 029 Kunming .................................................... 641 741 856 982 1 096 1 223 1 365 1 493 1 612 2 045 2 594 2 837 3 095 3 404 3 694 3 928 Langfang ................................................... 57 67 80 95 113 135 160 273 591 648 711 780 861 957 1 048 1 124 Lanzhou ..................................................... 348 434 540 672 837 1 042 1 298 1 489 1 618 1 830 2 071 2 411 2 785 3 115 3 387 3 604 Leshan ...................................................... 604 649 697 748 804 863 927 996 1 070 1 094 1 118 1 143 1 197 1 307 1 427 1 528 Lianyungang .............................................. 116 141 171 207 250 303 367 444 537 605 682 768 865 967 1 060 1 137 Liaoyang .................................................... 109 136 169 211 264 329 411 513 640 681 725 773 835 922 1 009 1 083 Linfen ........................................................ 99 118 140 167 199 236 281 386 583 647 719 799 891 993 1 087 1 167 Linyi, Shandong ......................................... 411 492 589 706 845 1 013 1 213 1 453 1 740 1 834 1 932 2 035 2 177 2 385 2 594 2 765 Liuan ......................................................... 861 914 969 1 028 1 090 1 157 1 227 1 301 1 380 1 464 1 553 1 647 1 771 1 946 2 120 2 263 Liupanshui ................................................. 405 443 484 530 579 633 692 757 827 905 989 1 149 1 329 1 493 1 632 1 745 Liuzhou ...................................................... 139 174 218 272 341 427 535 643 751 950 1 201 1 409 1 629 1 828 1 995 2 131 Luoyang .................................................... 387 447 517 597 690 797 921 1 055 1 202 1 334 1 481 1 644 1 830 2 030 2 212 2 361 Luzhou ...................................................... 89 108 131 158 192 232 281 340 412 706 1 208 1 447 1 673 1 877 2 047 2 187 Mianyang, Sichuan .................................... 479 517 557 601 648 699 753 812 876 1 004 1 152 1 322 1 509 1 688 1 842 1 969 Mudanjiang ................................................ 209 245 287 337 396 464 545 640 751 868 1 004 1 171 1 355 1 521 1 662 1 778 Nanchang .................................................. 343 440 564 704 794 896 1 011 1 133 1 262 1 516 1 822 2 188 2 585 2 911 3 168 3 373 Nanchong .................................................. 109 121 136 152 169 189 211 325 619 1 029 1 712 2 046 2 364 2 647 2 881 3 070 Nanjing, Jiangsu ........................................ 973 1 179 1 429 1 689 1 809 1 938 2 076 2 302 2 611 3 013 3 477 3 621 3 813 4 149 4 492 4 771 Nanning ..................................................... 167 216 279 360 466 602 779 964 1 159 1 421 1 743 2 040 2 357 2 640 2 873 3 061 Nantong ..................................................... 185 208 234 262 295 331 372 418 470 597 759 891 1 031 1 160 1 269 1 360 Nanyang, Henan ........................................ 75 92 113 138 168 205 251 307 375 753 1 512 1 830 2 115 2 370 2 581 2 752 Neijiang ..................................................... 137 153 171 191 214 239 267 495 1 289 1 338 1 388 1 441 1 525 1 669 1 819 1 944 Ningbo ....................................................... 470 526 587 656 733 819 915 1 023 1 142 1 331 1 551 1 810 2 092 2 344 2 553 2 723 Pingdingshan, Henan ................................. 157 186 222 264 314 373 444 628 997 949 904 861 854 921 1 006 1 080 Pingxiang, Jiangxi ....................................... 166 193 226 263 307 359 418 488 569 664 775 905 1 047 1 178 1 289 1 381 Qingdao ..................................................... 894 933 973 1 016 1 060 1 106 1 154 1 460 2 102 2 381 2 698 2 817 2 977 3 246 3 521 3 746 Qinhuangdao ............................................. 148 173 202 237 277 324 379 444 519 646 805 944 1 092 1 228 1 344 1 440 Qiqihaer ..................................................... 721 784 851 924 1 004 1 090 1 184 1 288 1 401 1 466 1 535 1 607 1 712 1 876 2 043 2 182 Quanzhou .................................................. 219 242 267 294 324 358 395 435 480 745 1 158 1 377 1 592 1 787 1 950 2 083 Shanghai ................................................... 6 066 6 299 6 542 6 793 7 055 7 326 7 608 7 901 8 205 10 423 13 243 14 503 15 789 17 214 18 466 19 412 Shangqiu ................................................... 58 69 83 100 119 143 171 204 245 574 1 349 1 650 1 907 2 138 2 331 2 487 Shantou ..................................................... 322 366 415 471 534 606 687 780 885 1 054 1 255 1 495 1 756 1 978 2 158 2 304 Shaoxing .................................................... 64 78 94 114 138 166 201 243 293 426 617 731 846 953 1 045 1 121 Shenyang .................................................. 2 091 2 451 2 873 3 300 3 493 3 697 3 913 4 236 4 655 4 627 4 599 4 720 4 952 5 374 5 808 6 156 Shenzhen .................................................. 174 194 216 242 270 301 337 495 875 2 304 6 069 7 233 8 114 8 952 9 654 10 196 Shijiazhuang .............................................. 335 402 481 577 691 828 992 1 172 1 372 1 634 1 947 2 275 2 628 2 941 3 198 3 405 Suining, Sichuan ........................................ 763 812 865 921 980 1 044 1 111 1 183 1 260 1 305 1 352 1 401 1 481 1 620 1 766 1 888 Suzhou, Anhui ........................................... 61 73 88 105 125 150 180 215 258 623 1 509 1 849 2 137 2 394 2 607 2 780 Suzhou, Jiangsu ........................................ 457 486 516 548 583 619 657 743 875 1 077 1 326 1 553 1 795 2 013 2 195 2 343 Taian, Shandong ........................................ 829 886 947 1 012 1 082 1 157 1 236 1 322 1 413 1 472 1 534 1 598 1 696 1 857 2 022 2 160 Taichung .................................................... 194 238 292 358 438 537 591 664 754 838 930 1 033 1 151 1 280 1 400 1 499 Tainan ....................................................... 313 346 383 423 468 518 577 630 679 702 725 750 791 869 951 1 021 Taipei ........................................................ 604 760 955 1 230 1 741 2 023 2 217 2 446 2 711 2 676 2 640 2 606 2 651 2 862 3 104 3 305 Taiyuan, Shanxi ......................................... 629 790 991 1 216 1 359 1 519 1 698 1 932 2 225 2 274 2 521 2 794 3 104 3 432 3 725 3 962 Tangshan, Hebei ........................................ 640 731 835 948 1 049 1 161 1 285 1 391 1 485 1 590 1 703 1 825 1 977 2 175 2 367 2 526 Tianjin ........................................................ 2 374 2 931 3 618 4 332 4 593 4 870 5 163 5 474 5 804 6 246 6 722 7 040 7 468 8 113 8 745 9 243 Tianmen .................................................... 1 073 1 118 1 164 1 212 1 262 1 314 1 369 1 425 1 484 1 545 1 609 1 676 1 777 1 945 2 118 2 261 Tianshui ..................................................... 165 208 262 329 415 522 657 826 1 040 1 090 1 143 1 199 1 279 1 404 1 533 1 640 Tongliao ..................................................... 110 132 160 193 234 283 341 462 674 729 790 855 935 1 036 1 133 1 215 Ürümqi (Wulumqi) ...................................... 253 312 384 472 581 715 881 1 029 1 161 1 417 1 730 2 025 2 340 2 620 2 851 3 038 Weifang ..................................................... 183 221 268 323 391 472 571 779 1 152 1 257 1 372 1 498 1 646 1 821 1 985 2 120





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Wenzhou ................................................... 255 284 316 352 393 437 487 543 604 1 056 1 845 2 212 2 556 2 860 3 111 3 313 Wuhan ...................................................... 1 311 1 511 1 741 2 007 2 313 2 666 3 072 3 458 3 833 5 053 6 662 7 093 7 542 8 199 8 837 9 339 Wuhu, Anhui .............................................. 211 238 269 303 342 386 435 490 553 619 692 774 868 968 1 061 1 138 Wuxi, Jiangsu ............................................ 572 588 604 627 677 730 788 881 1 009 1 192 1 410 1 646 1 903 2 134 2 326 2 481 Xiamen ...................................................... 208 239 275 317 364 419 483 556 639 1 124 1 977 2 371 2 739 3 064 3 331 3 545 Xi'an, Shaanxi ............................................ 708 845 1 009 1 204 1 437 1 715 2 047 2 429 2 873 3 271 3 725 3 926 4 178 4 556 4 931 5 233 Xiangfan, Hubei .......................................... 104 124 147 175 208 248 295 373 492 649 855 1 006 1 164 1 309 1 431 1 533 Xiantao ...................................................... 1 000 1 040 1 080 1 123 1 167 1 213 1 260 1 310 1 361 1 415 1 470 1 528 1 618 1 771 1 930 2 062 Xianyang, Shaanxi ..................................... 103 132 169 216 276 353 451 576 737 835 946 1 072 1 212 1 354 1 480 1 584 Xingyi, Guizhou .......................................... 282 309 339 372 409 449 493 541 593 651 715 785 868 964 1 056 1 133 Xining ........................................................ 257 291 330 374 424 480 544 616 698 770 849 987 1 142 1 283 1 404 1 504 Xinxiang ..................................................... 240 270 304 342 384 432 485 546 613 687 770 863 968 1 080 1 182 1 268 Xinyang ..................................................... 94 107 122 140 160 183 209 239 273 571 1 195 1 450 1 677 1 881 2 052 2 192 Xinyu ......................................................... 234 264 297 335 377 425 479 540 608 685 772 870 981 1 095 1 199 1 285 Xuanzhou .................................................. 586 606 627 649 671 694 718 743 769 795 823 851 899 987 1 079 1 158 Xuzhou ...................................................... 341 397 462 534 597 667 745 837 944 1 247 1 648 1 960 2 284 2 564 2 792 2 975 Yancheng, Jiangsu ..................................... 145 169 197 230 268 313 365 426 497 580 677 789 914 1 029 1 127 1 209 Yantai ........................................................ 190 212 236 264 295 329 368 515 838 1 188 1 684 1 991 2 301 2 577 2 805 2 989 Yibin .......................................................... 81 96 114 136 162 192 229 360 685 743 805 872 954 1 057 1 157 1 240 Yichang ..................................................... 108 131 158 191 231 279 337 407 492 589 704 823 953 1 072 1 174 1 259 Yichun, Heilongjiang ................................... 554 587 622 660 699 741 785 832 882 849 816 785 785 848 928 997 Yichun, Jiangxi ........................................... 335 384 440 505 579 664 761 816 836 876 917 961 1 025 1 127 1 231 1 320 Yinchuan ................................................... 100 122 150 183 224 274 335 410 502 632 795 932 1 079 1 213 1 328 1 423 Yingkou ..................................................... 122 148 179 218 264 320 388 471 572 630 694 764 847 942 1 032 1 107 Yiyang, Hunan ........................................... 397 449 507 574 649 734 830 939 1 062 1 140 1 223 1 313 1 425 1 571 1 714 1 833 Yongzhou .................................................. 835 848 861 875 889 903 917 931 946 960 976 991 1 032 1 127 1 231 1 320 Yuci ........................................................... 88 105 125 149 177 210 250 330 467 555 660 785 921 1 041 1 141 1 224 Yueyang .................................................... 673 713 757 803 851 903 958 1 016 1 078 995 918 847 821 879 961 1 032 Yulin, Guangxi ............................................ 194 227 265 309 360 420 490 572 667 779 909 1 060 1 227 1 379 1 507 1 613 Zaozhuang ................................................. 282 355 447 564 711 896 1 129 1 423 1 793 1 889 1 990 2 096 2 242 2 456 2 670 2 846 Zhangjiakou ............................................... 304 339 377 420 468 521 580 646 720 803 897 1 001 1 120 1 247 1 364 1 461 Zhanjiang ................................................... 406 457 514 579 652 734 827 931 1 049 1 185 1 340 1 514 1 709 1 903 2 076 2 216 Zhaotong ................................................... 133 158 188 223 266 316 376 474 620 670 724 783 855 948 1 038 1 113 Zhengzhou ................................................. 521 650 810 987 1 100 1 227 1 368 1 542 1 752 2 081 2 472 2 590 2 738 2 987 3 243 3 452 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu ..................................... 86 107 133 165 205 255 317 394 490 581 688 803 930 1 047 1 147 1 230 Zhuhai ....................................................... 44 52 62 74 88 104 124 187 331 518 809 963 1 114 1 253 1 371 1 468 Zhuzhou .................................................... 127 151 180 214 254 302 360 451 585 713 868 1 016 1 176 1 322 1 445 1 548 Zibo ........................................................... 1 453 1 554 1 661 1 777 1 900 2 032 2 173 2 323 2 484 2 640 2 806 2 982 3 209 3 515 3 812 4 053 Zigong ....................................................... 564 604 647 693 742 795 852 912 977 1 012 1 049 1 087 1 149 1 259 1 375 1 473 Zunyi ......................................................... 198 216 235 256 279 304 331 360 392 516 679 799 924 1 041 1 140 1 223

CHINA, HONG KONG SAR (4) Hong Kong ................................................. 1 682 2 121 2 620 3 191 3 458 3 943 4 609 5 070 5 677 6 206 6 662 7 057 7 419 7 744 8 040 8 305

COLOMBIA Barranquilla ............................................... 294 366 455 565 691 830 961 1 113 1 229 1 363 1 531 1 719 1 907 2 048 2 157 2 251 Bucaramanga ............................................ 110 145 190 250 325 408 473 548 650 759 855 964 1 073 1 157 1 223 1 282 Cali ............................................................ 231 331 474 664 851 1 047 1 192 1 357 1 552 1 757 1 950 2 164 2 378 2 544 2 675 2 786 Cartagena .................................................. 107 137 177 226 274 332 402 486 561 645 737 842 948 1 026 1 086 1 139 Medellín ..................................................... 376 523 727 992 1 260 1 536 1 731 1 950 2 135 2 372 2 724 3 127 3 524 3 789 3 975 4 129 Bogotá ....................................................... 630 894 1 269 1 780 2 383 3 040 3 525 4 087 4 740 5 494 6 356 7 353 8 320 8 916 9 299 9 600

CONGO Brazzaville ................................................. 83 92 124 172 238 329 446 596 704 830 986 1 216 1 505 1 729 1 938 2 150

COSTA RICA San José ................................................... 148 184 230 287 359 440 526 627 737 867 1 032 1 217 1 374 1 506 1 627 1 737

CÔTE D'IVOIRE Abidjan ...................................................... 65 125 192 310 548 966 1 384 1 716 2 102 2 535 3 032 3 564 4 175 4 810 5 432 6 031

CUBA La Habana (Havana) .................................. 1 116 1 289 1 436 1 598 1 779 1 848 1 913 2 005 2 108 2 183 2 187 2 189 2 159 2 151 2 150 2 150

CZECH REPUBLIC Praha (Prague) ........................................... 935 967 1 001 1 038 1 076 1 126 1 179 1 197 1 212 1 194 1 172 1 164 1 160 1 159 1 159 1 159





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

DEM. PEOPLE'S REP. OF KOREA Hamhung ................................................... 169 219 285 370 451 518 594 669 705 712 732 762 788 818 851 882 N'ampo ...................................................... 52 68 88 115 154 215 299 417 580 806 1 020 1 110 1 148 1 187 1 232 1 274 P'yongyang ................................................ 516 577 646 769 987 1 348 1 842 2 195 2 526 2 838 3 117 3 265 3 346 3 434 3 537 3 630

DEM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Kananga .................................................... 24 50 136 249 424 374 330 311 372 466 557 700 879 1 109 1 383 1 698 Kinshasa ................................................... 202 292 443 717 1 070 1 482 2 053 2 793 3 448 4 447 5 485 7 108 9 052 11 313 13 875 16 762 Lubumbashi ............................................... 96 145 194 252 325 396 482 587 692 852 1 004 1 243 1 544 1 938 2 406 2 943 Mbuji-Mayi ................................................. 70 98 136 190 262 327 407 507 613 773 932 1 181 1 489 1 876 2 330 2 851

DENMARK København (Copenhagen) .......................... 1 216 1 227 1 284 1 373 1 380 1 172 1 096 1 056 1 035 1 048 1 077 1 085 1 087 1 092 1 095 1 096

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo .......................................... 219 312 446 613 833 1 016 1 240 1 396 1 522 1 670 1 854 2 062 2 298 2 525 2 722 2 885

ECUADOR Guayaquil .................................................. 258 343 456 583 719 890 1 120 1 352 1 572 1 808 2 077 2 386 2 690 2 941 3 154 3 328 Quito ......................................................... 206 257 319 399 501 628 780 936 1 088 1 217 1 357 1 593 1 846 2 035 2 189 2 316

EGYPT Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria) ....................... 1 037 1 249 1 504 1 752 1 987 2 241 2 519 2 826 3 063 3 277 3 600 3 995 4 421 4 817 5 210 5 652 Al-Qahirah (Cairo) ...................................... 2 494 3 029 3 680 4 738 5 585 6 450 7 349 8 328 9 061 9 707 10 534 11 487 12 503 13 465 14 451 15 561

EL SALVADOR San Salvador ............................................. 194 246 311 394 500 596 701 825 970 1 107 1 233 1 374 1 520 1 649 1 776 1 902

ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa .............................................. 392 451 519 597 729 926 1 175 1 476 1 791 2 157 2 493 2 902 3 453 4 184 5 083 6 156

FINLAND Helsinki ...................................................... 366 405 448 478 507 582 674 724 872 943 1 019 1 094 1 139 1 169 1 195 1 220

FRANCE Bordeaux ................................................... 430 447 495 543 584 614 633 663 698 730 763 793 817 836 853 869 Lille ........................................................... 751 767 814 863 906 936 936 946 961 984 1 007 1 033 1 059 1 081 1 102 1 120 Lyon .......................................................... 731 768 904 1 027 1 116 1 173 1 209 1 238 1 265 1 313 1 362 1 407 1 443 1 471 1 495 1 516 Marseille-Aix-en-Provence .......................... 756 798 929 1 069 1 182 1 253 1 295 1 307 1 305 1 331 1 357 1 386 1 418 1 445 1 469 1 490 Nice-Cannes .............................................. 400 426 495 568 637 698 733 788 854 874 894 917 941 962 980 997 Paris .......................................................... 6 522 6 796 7 411 7 968 8 350 8 558 8 669 8 956 9 330 9 510 9 692 9 852 9 958 10 007 10 031 10 036 Toulouse .................................................... 269 285 347 411 467 511 534 584 654 714 778 832 863 883 900 916

GEORGIA Tbilisi ......................................................... 612 659 718 803 897 992 1 090 1 177 1 224 1 160 1 100 1 093 1 108 1 113 1 114 1 114

GERMANY Berlin ......................................................... 3 352 3 299 3 260 3 232 3 206 3 130 3 056 3 060 3 422 3 471 3 384 3 391 3 423 3 434 3 436 3 436 Hamburg .................................................... 1 608 1 703 1 812 1 815 1 792 1 721 1 652 1 586 1 639 1 707 1 710 1 739 1 777 1 791 1 792 1 792 Köln (Cologne) ........................................... 598 683 788 827 849 908 970 919 950 965 963 976 1 037 1 059 1 061 1 061 München (Munich) ..................................... 831 936 1 060 1 175 1 294 1 296 1 299 1 267 1 218 1 241 1 202 1 254 1 300 1 317 1 318 1 318

GHANA Accra ......................................................... 177 265 393 499 631 738 863 1 013 1 197 1 415 1 674 1 984 2 332 2 688 3 041 3 382 Kumasi ...................................................... 99 149 221 279 349 397 452 532 696 909 1 187 1 518 1 826 2 112 2 393 2 667

GREECE Athínai (Athens) ......................................... 1 347 1 563 1 814 2 121 2 485 2 738 2 987 3 047 3 070 3 122 3 179 3 230 3 256 3 278 3 300 3 326 Thessaloniki ............................................... 292 329 372 447 542 617 694 724 746 771 797 821 837 851 865 880

GUATEMALA Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) ...... 287 370 476 592 660 715 749 776 803 839 908 984 1 104 1 281 1 481 1 690

GUINEA Conakry ..................................................... 31 59 112 208 388 530 658 766 895 1 045 1 219 1 409 1 645 1 984 2 393 2 856

HAITI Port-au-Prince ............................................ 133 182 247 337 460 575 701 881 1 134 1 427 1 653 1 885 2 209 2 621 3 012 3 346

HONDURAS Tegucigalpa ............................................... 73 96 128 169 223 292 371 471 578 677 793 901 1 022 1 165 1 317 1 472





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

HUNGARY Budapest ................................................... 1 618 1 714 1 811 1 878 1 946 2 005 2 057 2 036 2 005 1 893 1 787 1 693 1 664 1 655 1 655 1 655

INDIA Agra .......................................................... 369 428 499 559 624 681 739 828 933 1 095 1 293 1 511 1 705 1 899 2 118 2 364 Ahmadabad ............................................... 855 1 007 1 181 1 412 1 695 2 050 2 484 2 855 3 255 3 790 4 427 5 122 5 726 6 320 6 989 7 735 Aligarh ....................................................... 139 159 182 211 247 280 316 382 468 554 653 763 864 966 1 083 1 215 Allahabad .................................................. 327 372 423 464 506 568 640 728 830 928 1 035 1 152 1 279 1 425 1 592 1 781 Amritsar ..................................................... 340 362 394 423 453 520 604 665 726 844 990 1 152 1 299 1 449 1 619 1 811 Asansol ..................................................... 93 122 162 197 235 289 356 504 727 891 1 065 1 258 1 425 1 590 1 776 1 985 Aurangabad ............................................... 65 79 95 122 159 218 303 415 568 708 868 1 049 1 200 1 341 1 499 1 678 Bangalore .................................................. 746 939 1 166 1 377 1 615 2 111 2 812 3 395 4 036 4 744 5 567 6 465 7 229 7 967 8 795 9 719 Bareilly ...................................................... 207 234 268 295 322 374 440 516 604 664 722 787 869 970 1 087 1 219 Bhiwandi .................................................... 25 34 46 59 77 93 112 196 362 479 603 745 860 964 1 081 1 212 Bhopal ....................................................... 100 143 212 282 370 491 655 831 1 046 1 228 1 426 1 644 1 845 2 053 2 288 2 553 Bhubaneswar ............................................. 16 24 36 59 98 144 209 288 395 504 637 790 913 1 024 1 147 1 286 Kolkata (Calcutta) ...................................... 4 513 5 055 5 652 6 261 6 926 7 888 9 030 9 946 10 890 11 924 13 058 14 282 15 577 17 039 18 707 20 560 Chandigarh ................................................ 40 61 94 143 219 301 406 483 564 667 791 928 1 051 1 174 1 314 1 472 Jammu ....................................................... 82 93 106 129 159 187 219 277 356 458 588 739 859 963 1 079 1 211 Chennai (Madras) ...................................... 1 491 1 705 1 915 2 399 3 057 3 609 4 203 4 748 5 338 5 836 6 353 6 918 7 559 8 309 9 170 10 129 Coimbatore ................................................ 279 348 435 555 710 810 907 995 1 088 1 239 1 420 1 619 1 810 2 012 2 243 2 503 Delhi .......................................................... 1 369 1 782 2 283 2 845 3 531 4 426 5 558 6 769 8 206 10 092 12 441 15 053 17 015 18 669 20 484 22 498 Dhanbad .................................................... 71 114 188 280 410 525 658 734 805 915 1 046 1 189 1 330 1 482 1 656 1 852 Durg-Bhilainagar ........................................ 20 46 118 173 234 330 468 567 670 780 905 1 044 1 174 1 310 1 465 1 640 Faridabad .................................................. 22 29 38 55 81 153 302 434 593 779 1 018 1 298 1 512 1 691 1 887 2 109 Ghaziabad ................................................. 42 54 68 91 122 181 272 369 492 675 928 1 237 1 464 1 639 1 830 2 046 Guwahati (Gauhati) .................................... 43 71 126 161 195 252 329 431 564 675 797 932 1 054 1 178 1 318 1 477 Gwalior ...................................................... 237 266 296 342 397 465 544 621 706 779 855 940 1 040 1 160 1 298 1 455 Hubli-Dharwad ........................................... 192 217 245 298 367 437 516 577 639 705 776 855 948 1 057 1 184 1 327 Hyderabad ................................................. 1 096 1 179 1 241 1 460 1 748 2 086 2 487 3 209 4 193 4 825 5 445 6 117 6 761 7 446 8 224 9 092 Indore ........................................................ 302 345 389 459 546 663 808 941 1 088 1 314 1 597 1 914 2 176 2 421 2 696 3 005 Jabalpur ..................................................... 251 300 358 431 520 621 740 812 879 981 1 100 1 231 1 369 1 524 1 703 1 904 Jaipur ........................................................ 294 346 402 496 616 778 984 1 209 1 478 1 826 2 259 2 748 3 136 3 482 3 867 4 298 Jalandhar ................................................... 166 190 219 252 290 340 400 449 502 588 694 811 918 1 027 1 150 1 290 Jamshedpur ............................................... 214 260 319 378 445 538 653 735 817 938 1 081 1 239 1 389 1 548 1 729 1 933 Jodhpur ..................................................... 177 199 222 261 310 388 491 570 654 743 842 951 1 062 1 185 1 327 1 486 Kanpur ....................................................... 688 810 951 1 092 1 250 1 420 1 612 1 798 2 001 2 294 2 641 3 019 3 369 3 731 4 141 4 601 Kochi (Cochin) ........................................... 163 208 268 338 424 532 666 855 1 103 1 229 1 340 1 463 1 612 1 791 1 999 2 232 Kota .......................................................... 64 85 116 154 204 266 346 427 523 604 692 789 885 989 1 108 1 243 Kozhikode (Calicut) .................................... 156 183 216 264 324 412 528 645 781 835 875 924 1 008 1 123 1 257 1 409 Lucknow .................................................... 489 560 644 720 801 892 993 1 254 1 614 1 906 2 221 2 567 2 877 3 191 3 546 3 944 Ludhiana .................................................... 151 188 237 302 387 479 590 767 1 006 1 183 1 368 1 572 1 762 1 961 2 186 2 440 Madurai ..................................................... 361 419 482 576 692 790 893 981 1 073 1 132 1 187 1 255 1 367 1 519 1 697 1 897 Meerut ....................................................... 228 254 280 317 361 432 523 655 824 975 1 143 1 328 1 496 1 667 1 862 2 080 Moradabad ................................................ 160 174 190 223 266 302 340 385 436 520 626 743 847 948 1 062 1 192 Mumbai (Bombay) ...................................... 2 857 3 432 4 060 4 854 5 811 7 082 8 658 10 341 12 308 14 111 16 086 18 202 20 072 21 946 24 051 26 385 Mysore ...................................................... 237 248 253 293 347 404 470 548 640 708 776 853 943 1 053 1 179 1 322 Nagpur ...................................................... 473 565 674 785 910 1 075 1 273 1 448 1 637 1 849 2 089 2 350 2 611 2 895 3 219 3 583 Nashik ....................................................... 149 180 211 238 267 330 416 539 700 886 1 117 1 381 1 590 1 775 1 981 2 213 Patna ......................................................... 277 316 359 414 480 642 881 993 1 087 1 331 1 658 2 029 2 325 2 587 2 879 3 207 Pune (Poona) ............................................. 581 680 777 924 1 105 1 345 1 642 1 998 2 430 2 978 3 655 4 411 5 010 5 543 6 135 6 797 Raipur ....................................................... 88 109 136 165 200 255 327 387 453 553 680 824 944 1 057 1 184 1 327 Rajkot ........................................................ 126 156 189 234 291 356 434 526 638 787 974 1 186 1 359 1 518 1 696 1 896 Ranchi ....................................................... 103 120 138 182 244 342 480 549 607 712 844 990 1 120 1 251 1 400 1 567 Salem ........................................................ 197 231 268 327 404 458 511 544 574 647 736 834 933 1 042 1 168 1 309 Solapur ...................................................... 272 302 333 362 393 445 506 558 613 720 853 1 002 1 135 1 267 1 417 1 587 Srinagar ..................................................... 248 268 289 342 412 494 592 661 730 833 954 1 087 1 218 1 358 1 518 1 699 Surat ......................................................... 234 269 311 384 477 642 877 1 139 1 468 1 984 2 699 3 558 4 174 4 639 5 142 5 703 Thiruvananthapuram .................................. 182 208 236 302 394 454 512 636 801 853 885 927 1 008 1 122 1 256 1 408 Tiruchirappalli ............................................ 287 313 336 388 454 522 599 652 705 768 837 916 1 011 1 127 1 262 1 414 Vadodara ................................................... 207 249 302 370 453 571 722 891 1 096 1 273 1 465 1 675 1 875 2 085 2 324 2 592 Varanasi (Benares) .................................... 349 409 480 537 597 680 777 887 1 013 1 106 1 199 1 303 1 434 1 595 1 781 1 991 Vijayawada ................................................ 155 190 229 277 335 419 527 658 821 914 999 1 094 1 209 1 346 1 505 1 684 Visakhapatnam .......................................... 105 144 202 267 349 452 583 770 1 018 1 168 1 309 1 465 1 628 1 810 2 020 2 256

INDONESIA Bandar Lampung ........................................ 28 42 64 98 150 228 348 401 454 578 743 824 937 1 064 1 172 1 260 Bandung .................................................... 511 679 902 1 052 1 170 1 304 1 452 1 716 2 035 2 097 2 138 2 303 2 568 2 887 3 156 3 370 Bogor ........................................................ 113 130 149 204 300 406 535 569 596 668 751 865 1 003 1 142 1 257 1 351 Jakarta ...................................................... 1 452 1 972 2 679 3 297 3 915 4 813 5 984 7 009 8 175 8 322 8 390 8 843 9 703 10 792 11 689 12 363





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Malang ...................................................... 208 259 322 369 411 457 508 591 689 725 757 783 857 967 1 065 1 146 Medan ....................................................... 284 358 451 532 614 876 1 340 1 533 1 718 1 816 1 912 2 040 2 264 2 545 2 786 2 977 Padang ...................................................... 100 117 138 161 189 284 465 546 626 671 716 810 931 1 059 1 166 1 254 Palembang ................................................. 277 351 446 512 568 660 779 937 1 130 1 287 1 459 1 656 1 903 2 154 2 361 2 526 Semarang .................................................. 371 424 485 552 627 783 1 009 1 126 1 243 1 333 1 427 1 385 1 462 1 633 1 792 1 921 Surabaya ................................................... 679 808 962 1 184 1 474 1 736 2 008 2 229 2 467 2 544 2 611 2 754 3 035 3 402 3 715 3 962 Pekan Baru ................................................ 37 49 66 88 117 148 184 266 389 481 588 735 891 1 023 1 128 1 213 Ujung Pandang .......................................... 223 283 361 399 418 502 629 719 816 926 1 051 1 194 1 374 1 559 1 713 1 837

IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Ahvaz ........................................................ 85 112 146 192 246 313 410 541 685 784 867 957 1 056 1 158 1 252 1 326 Esfahan ..................................................... 184 237 306 395 544 767 897 980 1 094 1 230 1 382 1 553 1 743 1 920 2 071 2 185 Karaj .......................................................... 7 12 22 38 68 124 221 392 693 903 1 087 1 318 1 585 1 802 1 952 2 061 Kermanshah .............................................. 97 119 145 178 220 274 370 517 608 675 729 781 837 907 981 1 041 Mashhad ................................................... 173 225 293 381 509 685 954 1 345 1 680 1 854 2 073 2 349 2 654 2 929 3 151 3 315 Qom .......................................................... 78 92 109 128 168 227 330 492 622 744 841 933 1 035 1 137 1 230 1 302 Shiraz ........................................................ 128 160 202 254 325 418 578 819 946 1 030 1 115 1 203 1 300 1 410 1 521 1 608 Tabriz ........................................................ 235 277 327 386 497 662 801 935 1 058 1 165 1 264 1 369 1 484 1 611 1 736 1 834 Tehran ....................................................... 1 041 1 396 1 873 2 511 3 290 4 273 5 079 5 839 6 365 6 687 7 128 7 653 8 221 8 832 9 404 9 814

IRAQ Al-Basrah (Basra) ...................................... 116 147 204 304 329 350 372 395 474 631 759 837 923 1 024 1 143 1 270 Al-Mawsil (Mosul) ....................................... 145 168 205 261 322 397 489 603 736 889 1 056 1 236 1 447 1 677 1 891 2 097 Baghdad .................................................... 579 719 1 019 1 614 2 070 2 620 3 145 3 607 4 092 4 598 5 200 5 327 5 891 6 618 7 345 8 060 Irbil (Erbil) .................................................. 30 37 53 88 130 191 279 408 536 644 757 874 1 009 1 158 1 305 1 450

IRELAND Dublin ........................................................ 626 647 661 723 771 833 903 920 916 946 989 1 037 1 098 1 177 1 257 1 332

ISRAEL Hefa (Haifa) ............................................... 204 228 255 286 321 350 373 437 582 775 888 992 1 043 1 104 1 159 1 210 Tel Aviv-Yafo (Tel Aviv-Jaffa) ...................... 418 556 738 882 1 029 1 206 1 416 1 681 2 026 2 442 2 752 3 012 3 256 3 453 3 600 3 726

ITALY Milano (Milan) ............................................ 1 883 2 099 2 395 2 695 3 017 3 133 3 168 3 128 3 063 3 020 2 985 2 953 2 940 2 938 2 938 2 938 Napoli (Naples) .......................................... 1 498 1 617 1 758 1 880 2 000 2 096 2 186 2 209 2 208 2 218 2 232 2 246 2 253 2 254 2 254 2 254 Palermo ..................................................... 594 638 690 723 751 783 818 834 844 850 855 860 865 868 869 871 Roma (Rome) ............................................ 1 884 2 143 2 456 2 780 3 135 3 300 3 390 3 429 3 450 3 425 3 385 3 348 3 333 3 330 3 330 3 330 Torino (Turin) ............................................. 1 011 1 149 1 348 1 547 1 760 1 838 1 860 1 827 1 775 1 733 1 694 1 660 1 647 1 645 1 645 1 645

JAPAN Fukuoka-Kitakyushu .................................. 954 1 146 1 338 1 486 1 651 1 853 2 030 2 217 2 487 2 619 2 716 2 771 2 816 2 833 2 834 2 834 Hiroshima .................................................. 503 647 833 1 072 1 379 1 774 1 825 1 917 1 986 2 040 2 044 2 045 2 045 2 046 2 046 2 046 Kyoto ......................................................... 1 002 1 091 1 165 1 229 1 298 1 622 1 701 1 714 1 760 1 804 1 806 1 805 1 804 1 804 1 804 1 804 Nagoya ...................................................... 992 1 226 1 555 1 762 1 997 2 293 2 590 2 708 2 947 3 055 3 122 3 199 3 267 3 292 3 295 3 295 Osaka-Kobe ............................................... 4 147 5 120 6 227 7 654 9 408 9 844 9 990 10 350 11 035 11 052 11 165 11 258 11 337 11 365 11 368 11 368 Sapporo ..................................................... 754 892 1 056 1 250 1 479 1 751 1 996 2 157 2 319 2 476 2 508 2 534 2 556 2 564 2 565 2 565 Sendai ....................................................... 538 666 824 1 021 1 264 1 566 1 731 1 855 2 021 2 135 2 184 2 231 2 272 2 287 2 288 2 288 Tokyo ........................................................ 11 275 13 713 16 679 20 284 23 298 26 615 28 549 30 304 32 530 33 587 34 450 35 327 36 094 36 371 36 399 36 400

JORDAN Amman ...................................................... 90 140 218 299 388 500 636 736 851 973 1 007 1 042 1 106 1 185 1 268 1 359

KAZAKHSTAN Almaty ....................................................... 354 435 529 626 740 860 973 1 030 1 080 1 108 1 142 1 190 1 240 1 298 1 355 1 404

KENYA Mombasa ................................................... 94 123 160 205 254 298 350 407 476 572 686 821 985 1 196 1 453 1 763 Nairobi ....................................................... 137 201 293 404 531 677 862 1 090 1 380 1 755 2 233 2 787 3 363 4 052 4 881 5 871

KUWAIT Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) .............................. 63 106 179 303 553 688 891 1 122 1 392 1 190 1 499 1 888 2 305 2 592 2 790 2 956

KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek ..................................................... 150 186 236 322 433 485 538 583 635 703 770 817 869 934 1 011 1 096

LEBANON Bayrut (Beirut) ........................................... 322 425 561 733 923 1 500 1 623 1 585 1 293 1 268 1 487 1 777 1 941 2 051 2 119 2 173

LIBERIA Monrovia .................................................... 15 34 75 121 164 226 325 514 1 042 464 836 1 140 1 185 1 457 1 753 2 083





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LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Banghazi ................................................... 53 74 104 148 220 306 376 469 612 799 945 1 113 1 271 1 398 1 505 1 590 Tarabulus (Tripoli) ...................................... 106 136 174 235 398 611 797 1 056 1 500 1 678 1 877 2 098 2 322 2 532 2 713 2 855

MADAGASCAR Antananarivo .............................................. 177 189 252 298 363 454 580 742 948 1 169 1 361 1 590 1 877 2 229 2 642 3 118

MALAYSIA Johore Bharu ............................................. 47 66 86 108 136 183 247 321 417 516 630 797 999 1 175 1 294 1 382 Klang ......................................................... 42 64 83 97 113 148 193 258 345 466 631 849 1 128 1 360 1 503 1 603 Kuala Lumpur ............................................ 208 281 344 394 451 645 921 1 016 1 120 1 213 1 306 1 405 1 519 1 670 1 820 1 938

MALI Bamako ..................................................... 89 111 130 158 222 363 489 608 746 910 1 110 1 368 1 708 2 130 2 633 3 214

MEXICO Aguascalientes .......................................... 94 109 127 153 185 233 295 405 552 631 734 829 927 1 000 1 050 1 089 Chihuahua ................................................. 87 130 193 235 287 344 413 472 539 625 683 760 841 904 949 985 Ciudad de México (Mexico City) ................. 2 883 3 801 5 012 6 653 8 769 10 690 13 010 14 109 15 312 16 811 18 022 18 735 19 485 20 189 20 695 21 009 Ciudad Juárez ............................................ 123 180 263 330 412 474 546 664 809 997 1 225 1 308 1 396 1 478 1 544 1 597 Culiacán .................................................... 49 65 85 122 172 230 306 434 606 690 749 791 837 886 928 964 Guadalajara ............................................... 403 593 870 1 148 1 506 1 850 2 269 2 615 3 011 3 431 3 703 4 051 4 408 4 673 4 847 4 973 León de los Aldamas .................................. 123 193 302 380 479 589 724 833 961 1 127 1 290 1 429 1 573 1 682 1 758 1 817 Mérida ....................................................... 143 173 208 235 269 351 456 551 664 765 848 931 1 017 1 087 1 139 1 180 Mexicali ..................................................... 66 108 175 217 266 302 343 458 607 690 770 851 935 1 002 1 051 1 090 Monterrey .................................................. 356 498 698 943 1 267 1 589 1 992 2 273 2 594 2 961 3 266 3 579 3 901 4 140 4 298 4 413 Puebla ....................................................... 227 293 378 493 645 858 1 140 1 395 1 686 1 692 1 907 2 109 2 318 2 474 2 578 2 657 Querétaro .................................................. 49 58 68 89 116 159 218 353 561 671 795 911 1 032 1 118 1 172 1 215 Saltillo ....................................................... 70 83 99 128 165 217 286 376 491 577 643 720 802 864 907 942 San Luis Potosí .......................................... 132 165 207 250 303 378 472 561 665 774 858 952 1 050 1 126 1 181 1 223 Tijuana ...................................................... 60 96 154 212 289 355 437 576 760 1 017 1 287 1 472 1 666 1 799 1 881 1 943 Toluca de Lerdo ......................................... 54 69 90 117 158 309 599 707 835 981 1 417 1 498 1 584 1 671 1 743 1 802 Torreón ...................................................... 189 256 346 392 447 556 690 782 882 954 1 014 1 105 1 201 1 280 1 339 1 387

MONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar ............................................... 70 112 179 248 298 356 423 492 572 661 763 856 919 978 1 044 1 112

MOROCCO Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) ......................... 625 778 967 1 206 1 505 1 793 2 109 2 406 2 682 2 951 3 043 3 138 3 267 3 475 3 716 3 949 Fès ............................................................ 165 215 280 322 369 433 510 594 685 785 870 963 1 060 1 152 1 243 1 332 Marrakech ................................................. 209 225 243 280 323 367 416 485 578 681 755 837 923 1 005 1 085 1 163 Rabat ........................................................ 145 184 233 339 494 641 808 986 1 174 1 379 1 507 1 647 1 793 1 938 2 083 2 222

MOZAMBIQUE Maputo ...................................................... 92 129 181 259 371 456 550 653 776 921 1 096 1 334 1 621 1 921 2 235 2 560

MYANMAR Mandalay ................................................... 167 205 250 306 374 442 499 563 636 718 810 915 1 034 1 168 1 308 1 446 Nay Pyi Taw ............................................... — — — — — — — — — — — 57 1 024 1 177 1 321 1 461 Yangon ...................................................... 1 302 1 440 1 592 1 760 1 946 2 151 2 378 2 629 2 907 3 213 3 553 3 928 4 348 4 841 5 361 5 869

NEPAL Kathmandu ................................................ 104 110 119 132 147 180 225 297 398 509 644 815 1 029 1 284 1 578 1 907

NETHERLANDS Amsterdam ................................................ 851 871 895 942 927 978 941 907 936 988 1 005 1 023 1 044 1 064 1 078 1 089 Rotterdam .................................................. 764 849 937 967 967 927 912 929 951 981 991 1 000 1 014 1 033 1 046 1 057

NEW ZEALAND Auckland ................................................... 319 387 440 532 635 729 774 812 870 976 1 063 1 189 1 321 1 398 1 441 1 475

NICARAGUA Managua ................................................... 110 148 199 269 366 443 525 621 735 865 887 909 944 1 015 1 104 1 193

NIGER Niamey ...................................................... 24 37 58 85 129 198 274 344 432 542 680 846 1 027 1 258 1 580 2 028

NIGERIA Abuja ......................................................... 18 21 23 29 48 77 125 204 330 526 832 1 315 1 994 2 558 2 971 3 358 Benin City .................................................. 46 62 83 113 163 233 335 480 689 845 975 1 124 1 302 1 520 1 755 1 991 Ibadan ....................................................... 422 493 570 668 809 980 1 186 1 436 1 739 1 993 2 236 2 509 2 835 3 270 3 752 4 234





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Ilorin .......................................................... 107 143 179 222 268 323 389 457 515 580 653 735 835 970 1 123 1 277 Kaduna ...................................................... 33 53 99 173 266 408 628 853 961 1 083 1 220 1 375 1 560 1 807 2 083 2 360 Kano .......................................................... 115 157 229 343 542 855 1 350 1 861 2 095 2 360 2 658 2 993 3 393 3 914 4 487 5 056 Lagos ........................................................ 305 468 762 1 135 1 414 1 890 2 572 3 500 4 764 5 966 7 233 8 767 10 572 12 403 14 134 15 796 Maiduguri ................................................... 47 68 105 156 216 300 416 531 598 673 758 854 969 1 125 1 301 1 479 Ogbomosho ............................................... 124 169 247 333 378 428 485 549 622 704 798 904 1 031 1 199 1 386 1 575 Port Harcourt ............................................. 56 88 135 198 266 358 482 604 680 766 863 972 1 104 1 280 1 479 1 680 Zaria .......................................................... 47 70 117 182 241 320 423 525 592 667 752 847 963 1 118 1 293 1 470

NORWAY Oslo .......................................................... 468 533 578 610 643 644 643 662 684 729 774 816 858 885 909 936

PAKISTAN Faisalabad ................................................. 168 261 404 546 726 907 1 079 1 281 1 520 1 804 2 140 2 482 2 833 3 260 3 755 4 283 Gujranwala ................................................ 118 149 191 247 321 427 577 705 848 1 019 1 224 1 433 1 643 1 898 2 195 2 513 Hyderabad ................................................. 232 312 420 500 586 667 741 838 950 1 077 1 221 1 386 1 581 1 827 2 112 2 420 Islamabad .................................................. 36 41 45 56 70 107 189 260 343 452 594 732 851 988 1 148 1 320 Karachi ...................................................... 1 055 1 419 1 853 2 405 3 119 3 989 5 048 6 033 7 147 8 467 10 019 11 553 13 052 14 855 16 922 19 095 Lahore ....................................................... 836 1 022 1 264 1 575 1 964 2 399 2 882 3 388 3 970 4 653 5 448 6 259 7 092 8 107 9 275 10 512 Multan ....................................................... 186 251 345 419 501 599 715 827 953 1 097 1 263 1 445 1 650 1 906 2 203 2 523 Peshawar ................................................... 153 178 214 238 262 347 535 653 769 905 1 066 1 235 1 415 1 636 1 893 2 170 Quetta ....................................................... 83 93 105 123 145 190 272 339 414 504 614 725 836 971 1 128 1 298 Rawalpindi ................................................. 233 278 333 426 550 670 779 919 1 087 1 286 1 519 1 762 2 015 2 324 2 683 3 067

PANAMA Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) .............. 171 220 283 360 455 528 613 721 847 953 1 072 1 216 1 379 1 527 1 653 1 759

PARAGUAY Asunción ................................................... 258 314 382 461 552 654 770 914 1 091 1 287 1 507 1 762 2 030 2 277 2 506 2 715

PERU Arequipa .................................................... 128 143 160 206 274 348 428 495 564 635 705 782 862 927 984 1 038 Lima .......................................................... 1 066 1 368 1 756 2 284 2 980 3 696 4 438 5 116 5 837 6 537 7 116 7 747 8 375 8 857 9 251 9 600

PHILIPPINES Cebu ......................................................... 178 213 254 298 349 415 492 549 612 661 721 787 862 960 1 062 1 153 Davao ........................................................ 124 169 230 302 395 488 614 724 854 1 001 1 152 1 325 1 523 1 728 1 910 2 065 Manila ....................................................... 1 544 1 872 2 274 2 829 3 534 4 999 5 955 6 888 7 973 9 401 9 958 10 761 11 662 12 786 13 892 14 808 Zamboanga ............................................... 107 119 134 164 200 209 345 392 444 509 605 721 856 988 1 098 1 192

POLAND Kraków (Cracow) ....................................... 339 400 472 524 578 644 699 717 735 748 756 757 755 755 755 755 Lódz .......................................................... 608 659 704 732 759 796 825 830 836 825 799 770 745 736 735 735 Warszawa (Warsaw) .................................. 768 942 1 119 1 212 1 300 1 444 1 565 1 596 1 628 1 652 1 666 1 693 1 724 1 735 1 736 1 736

PORTUGAL Lisboa (Lisbon) .......................................... 1 304 1 405 1 514 1 657 1 817 2 103 2 449 2 518 2 537 2 600 2 672 2 762 2 890 2 996 3 058 3 086 Porto ......................................................... 730 783 840 882 924 1 008 1 104 1 139 1 164 1 206 1 254 1 309 1 380 1 438 1 476 1 497

PUERTO RICO San Juan ................................................... 451 517 596 740 915 1 069 1 244 1 381 1 539 1 855 2 237 2 604 2 758 2 795 2 803 2 803

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Goyang ...................................................... 39 49 62 78 97 122 153 192 241 493 744 859 960 1 005 1 012 1 012 Bucheon .................................................... 31 40 51 65 84 108 211 435 651 771 763 833 907 942 948 948 Incheon ..................................................... 258 319 394 496 627 791 1 062 1 364 1 785 2 271 2 464 2 527 2 580 2 604 2 607 2 607 Gwangju .................................................... 174 231 307 382 487 601 719 893 1 122 1 249 1 346 1 413 1 474 1 503 1 507 1 507 Busan ........................................................ 948 1 046 1 154 1 365 1 813 2 418 3 107 3 490 3 778 3 813 3 673 3 533 3 421 3 386 3 383 3 383 Seongnam ................................................. 54 75 103 142 195 268 369 443 534 842 911 934 954 967 971 971 Seoul ......................................................... 1 021 1 553 2 361 3 452 5 312 6 808 8 258 9 547 10 544 10 256 9 917 9 825 9 762 9 740 9 738 9 738 Suweon ..................................................... 74 81 90 155 168 220 304 421 628 748 932 1 037 1 130 1 172 1 178 1 179 Daegu ....................................................... 355 484 659 806 1 048 1 297 1 584 1 998 2 215 2 434 2 478 2 466 2 455 2 458 2 458 2 458 Daejon ....................................................... 131 172 224 294 400 501 641 850 1 036 1 256 1 362 1 438 1 507 1 540 1 544 1 544 Ulsan ......................................................... 29 45 67 102 154 246 405 541 673 945 1 011 1 047 1 080 1 098 1 102 1 102

ROMANIA Bucuresti (Bucharest) ................................. 652 856 1 002 1 154 1 396 1 702 1 865 1 950 2 040 2 018 1 949 1 936 1 947 1 949 1 949 1 949

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chelyabinsk ............................................... 573 638 711 792 881 966 1 046 1 098 1 129 1 104 1 082 1 094 1 088 1 086 1 085 1 085 Yekaterinburg ............................................ 628 712 808 916 1 035 1 135 1 231 1 303 1 350 1 326 1 303 1 307 1 319 1 323 1 324 1 324 Kazan ........................................................ 514 588 673 769 875 942 1 007 1 056 1 092 1 092 1 096 1 112 1 119 1 122 1 122 1 122





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Krasnoyarsk .............................................. 290 357 438 538 655 734 812 868 910 911 911 920 930 934 935 935 Moskva (Moscow) ...................................... 5 356 5 749 6 170 6 622 7 106 7 623 8 136 8 580 8 987 9 201 10 016 10 416 10 495 10 524 10 526 10 526 Nizhniy Novgorod ....................................... 796 878 969 1 070 1 178 1 273 1 357 1 401 1 420 1 375 1 331 1 286 1 269 1 263 1 262 1 262 Novosibirsk ................................................ 719 813 919 1 039 1 168 1 250 1 329 1 387 1 430 1 428 1 426 1 400 1 376 1 367 1 366 1 366 Omsk ......................................................... 444 520 608 712 830 933 1 032 1 097 1 144 1 140 1 136 1 140 1 129 1 125 1 125 1 125 Perm .......................................................... 498 571 655 751 857 937 1 011 1 054 1 076 1 044 1 014 992 1 003 1 007 1 007 1 007 Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) ............... 484 549 622 704 796 874 946 986 1 022 1 041 1 061 1 056 1 047 1 044 1 044 1 044 Samara ...................................................... 658 741 835 940 1 055 1 146 1 221 1 241 1 244 1 208 1 173 1 146 1 126 1 120 1 119 1 119 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) ............ 2 903 3 141 3 398 3 677 3 980 4 325 4 645 4 844 4 989 4 836 4 729 4 590 4 508 4 479 4 477 4 476 Saratov ...................................................... 473 533 602 679 763 816 863 887 901 890 878 853 831 823 822 822 Ufa ............................................................ 418 489 573 670 782 887 985 1 041 1 078 1 063 1 049 1 034 1 000 988 987 986 Volgograd .................................................. 461 534 618 716 823 884 939 973 999 1 005 1 010 994 973 966 965 965 Voronezh ................................................... 332 396 472 563 666 732 797 847 880 867 854 847 840 838 838 838

RWANDA Kigali ......................................................... 18 25 34 45 59 90 128 168 219 289 497 775 947 1 152 1 413 1 715

SAUDI ARABIA Al-Madinah (Medina) .................................. 51 54 58 77 129 208 284 388 529 669 795 944 1 105 1 243 1 364 1 474 Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) .................................... 111 131 156 227 408 710 1 055 1 566 2 325 3 035 3 567 4 193 4 856 5 405 5 866 6 275 Ad-Dammam .............................................. 20 26 35 51 84 136 196 283 409 533 639 766 903 1 019 1 119 1 212 Jiddah ........................................................ 119 129 141 197 348 594 851 1 217 1 742 2 200 2 509 2 860 3 239 3 590 3 906 4 190 Makkah (Mecca) ........................................ 148 152 157 190 272 383 501 655 856 1 033 1 168 1 319 1 486 1 651 1 806 1 948

SENEGAL Dakar ........................................................ 211 235 359 473 610 782 957 1 162 1 405 1 688 2 029 2 434 2 856 3 275 3 726 4 225

SERBIA Beograd (Belgrade) .................................... 411 501 576 649 729 873 1 057 1 121 1 162 1 149 1 127 1 106 1 096 1 108 1 132 1 163

SIERRA LEONE Freetown ................................................... 92 104 119 148 206 284 361 460 529 603 688 785 894 1 029 1 200 1 406

SINGAPORE Singapore .................................................. 1 016 1 306 1 634 1 880 2 075 2 263 2 415 2 709 3 016 3 478 4 017 4 327 4 592 4 809 4 965 5 104

SOMALIA Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ............................... 69 73 94 146 272 445 551 747 1 035 1 147 1 201 1 415 1 500 1 794 2 142 2 529

SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town ................................................ 618 705 803 945 1 114 1 339 1 609 1 925 2 155 2 394 2 715 3 087 3 357 3 504 3 627 3 744 Durban ...................................................... 484 573 677 761 856 1 019 1 214 1 446 1 723 2 081 2 370 2 635 2 839 2 962 3 070 3 173 Ekurhuleni (East Rand) .............................. 546 610 682 783 898 997 1 107 1 237 1 531 1 894 2 326 2 820 3 157 3 309 3 427 3 539 Johannesburg ............................................ 900 1 016 1 147 1 288 1 444 1 547 1 656 1 773 1 898 2 265 2 732 3 258 3 618 3 785 3 916 4 041 Port Elizabeth ............................................ 192 236 289 372 477 531 590 662 828 911 958 1 001 1 053 1 102 1 150 1 197 Pretoria ...................................................... 275 340 419 488 565 624 688 763 911 951 1 084 1 273 1 409 1 482 1 544 1 604 Vereeniging ................................................ 117 148 187 239 306 372 451 551 743 800 897 1 028 1 127 1 185 1 236 1 286

SPAIN Barcelona .................................................. 1 809 2 103 2 468 2 930 3 482 3 679 3 837 3 969 4 101 4 318 4 560 4 815 5 057 5 169 5 182 5 183 Madrid ....................................................... 1 700 2 018 2 392 2 898 3 521 3 890 4 253 4 355 4 414 4 701 5 045 5 414 5 764 5 918 5 934 5 935 Valencia ..................................................... 506 507 505 567 645 695 745 763 776 785 795 804 816 831 841 847

SUDAN Al-Khartum (Khartoum) ............................... 183 252 347 477 657 886 1 164 1 611 2 360 3 242 3 949 4 518 5 185 6 077 7 017 7 937

SWEDEN Stockholm .................................................. 741 772 805 1 003 1 035 1 015 992 1 012 1 038 1 138 1 206 1 248 1 285 1 308 1 326 1 343

SWITZERLAND Zürich (Zurich) ........................................... 494 514 535 614 711 713 707 836 1 006 1 048 1 078 1 100 1 119 1 134 1 150 1 172

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Dimashq (Damascus) ................................. 367 461 579 727 914 1 122 1 376 1 546 1 691 1 849 2 044 2 330 2 675 2 981 3 293 3 605 Halab (Aleppo) ........................................... 319 392 480 588 721 879 1 070 1 292 1 554 1 870 2 222 2 584 2 968 3 306 3 649 3 993 Hims (Homs) .............................................. 101 126 159 200 251 312 387 470 565 680 809 946 1 095 1 228 1 365 1 504

THAILAND Krung Thep (Bangkok) ............................... 1 360 1 712 2 151 2 584 3 110 3 842 4 723 5 279 5 888 6 106 6 332 6 582 6 918 7 332 7 807 8 332

TOGO Lomé ......................................................... 33 56 95 138 192 257 344 466 619 796 1 023 1 315 1 669 2 038 2 410 2 791





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TURKEY Adana ........................................................ 138 197 272 342 402 471 568 763 907 1 011 1 123 1 245 1 362 1 466 1 557 1 635 Ankara ....................................................... 281 439 635 954 1 341 1 709 1 891 2 213 2 561 2 842 3 179 3 572 3 908 4 178 4 403 4 589 Antalya ...................................................... 27 37 51 70 95 128 185 256 370 471 595 735 839 910 969 1 021 Bursa ......................................................... 148 184 221 301 325 345 478 604 819 981 1 180 1 413 1 589 1 713 1 817 1 906 Gaziantep .................................................. 104 140 180 232 264 299 370 472 595 710 844 992 1 109 1 199 1 274 1 340 Istanbul ..................................................... 967 1 249 1 453 2 001 2 772 3 600 4 397 5 407 6 552 7 665 8 744 9 709 10 530 11 177 11 695 12 102 Izmir .......................................................... 224 292 356 559 876 1 046 1 216 1 472 1 741 1 966 2 216 2 487 2 724 2 920 3 085 3 223 Konya ........................................................ 97 138 181 238 244 247 344 433 508 610 734 871 978 1 058 1 126 1 185

UGANDA Kampala .................................................... 95 110 137 222 340 398 469 595 755 912 1 097 1 318 1 597 1 979 2 506 3 198

UKRAINE Dnipropetrovs'k .......................................... 536 606 684 773 872 981 1 081 1 136 1 162 1 119 1 077 1 055 1 045 1 042 1 042 1 042 Donets'k .................................................... 585 649 721 800 886 963 1 033 1 076 1 097 1 061 1 026 997 978 973 972 972 Kharkiv ...................................................... 758 856 968 1 094 1 233 1 353 1 466 1 544 1 586 1 534 1 484 1 464 1 457 1 456 1 455 1 455 Kyiv (Kiev) ................................................. 815 974 1 163 1 389 1 655 1 926 2 201 2 410 2 574 2 590 2 606 2 672 2 748 2 770 2 772 2 772 Odesa ....................................................... 532 608 693 791 899 982 1 054 1 081 1 092 1 064 1 037 1 004 977 970 970 970 Zaporizhzhya ............................................. 315 380 459 554 664 730 795 844 873 847 822 797 778 773 772 772

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubayy (Dubai) .......................................... 20 28 40 51 80 167 254 345 473 650 938 1 272 1 516 1 709 1 894 2 077

UNITED KINGDOM Birmingham ................................................ 2 229 2 283 2 338 2 357 2 370 2 365 2 357 2 330 2 301 2 291 2 285 2 283 2 291 2 303 2 315 2 323 Glasgow .................................................... 1 755 1 777 1 798 1 770 1 734 1 601 1 461 1 334 1 217 1 186 1 171 1 160 1 164 1 175 1 187 1 197 Liverpool .................................................... 1 382 1 383 1 384 1 334 1 276 1 018 784 788 831 829 818 811 815 825 836 845 London ...................................................... 8 361 8 278 8 196 7 869 7 509 7 546 7 660 7 667 7 654 7 908 8 225 8 505 8 607 8 618 8 618 8 618 Manchester ................................................ 2 422 2 425 2 427 2 413 2 396 2 370 2 343 2 313 2 282 2 262 2 243 2 230 2 235 2 246 2 258 2 267 Newcastle upon Tyne ................................. 909 921 934 913 886 838 790 825 877 883 880 880 887 898 908 918 West Yorkshire .......................................... 1 692 1 697 1 703 1 714 1 726 1 618 1 496 1 465 1 449 1 468 1 495 1 521 1 539 1 552 1 565 1 575

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Dar es Salaam ........................................... 67 110 162 233 357 572 836 1 046 1 316 1 668 2 116 2 679 3 319 4 020 4 804 5 688

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Atlanta ....................................................... 513 631 776 959 1 182 1 386 1 625 1 879 2 184 2 781 3 542 4 307 4 695 4 888 5 035 5 151 Austin ........................................................ 137 161 189 224 267 320 383 466 569 720 913 1 108 1 216 1 277 1 329 1 372 Baltimore ................................................... 1 168 1 290 1 422 1 486 1 555 1 650 1 749 1 797 1 849 1 962 2 083 2 207 2 322 2 422 2 508 2 578 Boston ....................................................... 2 551 2 680 2 818 3 000 3 187 3 233 3 281 3 349 3 428 3 726 4 049 4 364 4 597 4 774 4 919 5 032 Bridgeport-Stamford ................................... 415 508 618 661 705 703 702 706 714 799 894 987 1 056 1 108 1 154 1 193 Buffalo ....................................................... 899 976 1 055 1 071 1 084 1 041 1 001 977 955 966 977 1 000 1 046 1 096 1 142 1 180 Charlotte .................................................... 142 174 211 244 281 315 353 402 461 596 769 947 1 044 1 098 1 144 1 183 Chicago ..................................................... 4 999 5 565 6 183 6 639 7 106 7 160 7 216 7 285 7 374 7 839 8 333 8 820 9 211 9 516 9 756 9 932 Cincinnati .................................................. 881 980 1 086 1 144 1 202 1 216 1 231 1 281 1 335 1 419 1 508 1 600 1 687 1 764 1 831 1 886 Cleveland .................................................. 1 392 1 582 1 789 1 875 1 954 1 848 1 751 1 713 1 680 1 734 1 789 1 857 1 944 2 029 2 104 2 165 Columbus, Ohio ......................................... 441 524 621 702 791 813 836 890 950 1 040 1 138 1 236 1 314 1 377 1 431 1 477 Dallas-Fort Worth ...................................... 866 1 122 1 447 1 715 2 025 2 234 2 468 2 819 3 219 3 665 4 172 4 658 4 955 5 146 5 300 5 419 Dayton ....................................................... 350 421 506 591 684 637 596 605 616 659 706 754 800 841 878 909 Denver-Aurora ........................................... 505 641 809 923 1 054 1 198 1 356 1 437 1 528 1 747 1 998 2 241 2 396 2 502 2 590 2 661 Detroit ....................................................... 2 769 3 140 3 548 3 759 3 966 3 885 3 807 3 750 3 703 3 804 3 909 4 037 4 203 4 364 4 499 4 606 El Paso ...................................................... 139 198 278 307 340 394 457 512 573 623 678 733 780 820 856 886 Hartford ..................................................... 425 453 485 572 670 700 731 756 783 818 853 894 942 989 1 031 1 066 Honolulu .................................................... 250 298 353 397 445 511 584 608 635 676 720 767 813 854 891 923 Houston ..................................................... 709 904 1 151 1 396 1 693 2 030 2 424 2 658 2 922 3 353 3 849 4 324 4 609 4 790 4 936 5 049 Indianapolis ............................................... 505 570 643 729 821 829 838 877 921 1 063 1 228 1 388 1 491 1 562 1 623 1 673 Jacksonville, Florida ................................... 246 304 376 448 531 564 601 668 742 811 886 962 1 023 1 074 1 119 1 157 Kansas City ............................................... 703 808 925 1 005 1 086 1 079 1 075 1 152 1 233 1 297 1 365 1 438 1 514 1 584 1 645 1 696 Las Vegas ................................................. 35 56 92 149 240 325 438 556 708 973 1 335 1 722 1 917 2 011 2 085 2 146 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana .......... 4 046 5 154 6 530 7 408 8 378 8 926 9 512 10 181 10 883 11 339 11 814 12 307 12 773 13 160 13 461 13 672 Louisville .................................................... 476 539 610 673 740 751 761 758 757 810 866 925 980 1 028 1 071 1 108 Memphis .................................................... 409 474 547 604 667 720 776 801 829 899 976 1 053 1 118 1 173 1 221 1 262 Miami ........................................................ 622 924 1 361 1 709 2 141 2 590 3 122 3 521 3 969 4 431 4 946 5 438 5 755 5 969 6 141 6 272 Milwaukee ................................................. 836 985 1 152 1 203 1 251 1 228 1 207 1 217 1 228 1 269 1 311 1 362 1 429 1 495 1 553 1 602 Minneapolis-St. Paul .................................. 996 1 176 1 384 1 540 1 706 1 748 1 794 1 935 2 087 2 236 2 397 2 558 2 695 2 809 2 905 2 983 Nashville-Davidson ..................................... 261 302 349 397 450 484 520 546 577 660 755 848 912 959 999 1 034 New Orleans .............................................. 664 751 848 904 964 1 021 1 077 1 058 1 039 1 024 1 009 996 982 977 1 002 1 037 New York-Newark ...................................... 12 338 13 219 14 164 15 177 16 191 15 880 15 601 15 827 16 086 16 943 17 846 18 732 19 441 19 974 20 370 20 628 Oklahoma City ........................................... 278 347 431 480 533 573 615 662 711 729 748 774 813 854 891 922 Orlando ..................................................... 75 124 203 250 310 427 583 723 893 1 020 1 165 1 307 1 401 1 468 1 526 1 574





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Philadelphia ............................................... 3 128 3 511 3 930 4 161 4 396 4 467 4 540 4 629 4 725 4 938 5 160 5 396 5 630 5 835 6 003 6 133 Phoenix-Mesa ............................................ 221 353 558 698 874 1 117 1 422 1 696 2 025 2 437 2 934 3 419 3 687 3 841 3 964 4 062 Pittsburgh .................................................. 1 539 1 670 1 805 1 826 1 845 1 827 1 807 1 740 1 681 1 717 1 755 1 808 1 889 1 972 2 044 2 105 Portland ..................................................... 516 581 656 738 829 925 1 030 1 100 1 181 1 372 1 595 1 812 1 946 2 035 2 110 2 172 Providence ................................................. 703 743 787 860 936 963 990 1 018 1 047 1 111 1 178 1 249 1 318 1 380 1 435 1 481 Richmond .................................................. 260 295 337 420 519 558 600 646 696 757 822 888 944 992 1 033 1 069 Riverside-San Bernardino ........................... 139 232 382 474 586 645 714 920 1 178 1 336 1 516 1 691 1 808 1 892 1 962 2 021 Rochester .................................................. 411 451 496 547 601 604 606 613 621 658 696 738 781 821 856 887 Sacramento ............................................... 216 315 456 540 637 714 803 942 1 104 1 244 1 402 1 556 1 662 1 739 1 805 1 860 Salt Lake City ............................................ 230 285 351 412 483 573 677 732 792 840 890 944 998 1 047 1 091 1 128 San Antonio ............................................... 454 542 645 707 776 859 949 1 038 1 134 1 229 1 333 1 437 1 522 1 593 1 655 1 706 San Diego .................................................. 440 612 844 1 010 1 209 1 442 1 718 2 017 2 356 2 514 2 683 2 854 3 002 3 126 3 231 3 315 San Francisco-Oakland .............................. 1 855 2 021 2 200 2 361 2 529 2 590 2 656 2 805 2 961 3 095 3 236 3 387 3 544 3 684 3 803 3 898 San Jose ................................................... 182 336 611 788 1 009 1 103 1 204 1 288 1 376 1 457 1 543 1 632 1 720 1 798 1 865 1 921 Seattle ....................................................... 795 930 1 089 1 305 1 556 1 663 1 780 1 982 2 206 2 453 2 727 2 991 3 174 3 305 3 415 3 503 St. Louis .................................................... 1 407 1 535 1 673 1 777 1 882 1 865 1 851 1 899 1 950 2 014 2 081 2 161 2 260 2 357 2 441 2 510 Tampa-St. Petersburg ................................ 300 437 632 742 874 1 094 1 362 1 530 1 717 1 886 2 072 2 254 2 389 2 493 2 581 2 652 Tucson ...................................................... 77 134 229 260 297 368 453 514 582 649 724 798 854 898 936 969 Virginia Beach ............................................ 391 534 721 820 930 996 1 069 1 174 1 286 1 341 1 397 1 461 1 535 1 606 1 667 1 719 Washington, D.C. ...................................... 1 298 1 539 1 823 2 135 2 488 2 626 2 777 3 063 3 376 3 651 3 949 4 241 4 464 4 636 4 778 4 889

URUGUAY Montevideo ................................................ 1 212 1 248 1 285 1 323 1 362 1 403 1 454 1 508 1 546 1 584 1 561 1 525 1 504 1 506 1 515 1 520

UZBEKISTAN Tashkent ................................................... 755 843 964 1 165 1 403 1 612 1 818 1 958 2 100 2 116 2 135 2 158 2 247 2 416 2 636 2 892

VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REP. OF) Barquisimeto .............................................. 127 173 236 303 384 475 583 666 742 838 947 1 068 1 184 1 279 1 356 1 420 Caracas ..................................................... 694 955 1 316 1 657 2 060 2 342 2 575 2 693 2 767 2 816 2 864 2 930 3 098 3 306 3 482 3 619 Maracaibo .................................................. 282 367 479 570 670 787 923 1 095 1 303 1 501 1 725 1 976 2 200 2 369 2 501 2 606 Maracay .................................................... 58 79 106 160 246 342 456 592 760 831 899 973 1 060 1 144 1 214 1 271 Valencia ..................................................... 126 164 214 295 412 546 709 873 1 053 1 183 1 370 1 662 1 900 2 055 2 172 2 266

VIET NAM Hai Phòng .................................................. 167 249 369 507 697 968 1 292 1 379 1 474 1 585 1 704 1 876 2 129 2 428 2 752 3 096 Hà Noi ....................................................... 280 425 644 917 1 307 1 884 2 606 2 854 3 126 3 424 3 752 4 170 4 723 5 357 6 036 6 754 Thành Pho Ho Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City) 1 213 1 303 1 400 1 765 2 227 2 808 3 457 3 717 3 996 4 296 4 621 5 072 5 723 6 480 7 293 8 149

YEMEN Al-Hudaydah .............................................. 27 34 44 56 71 90 115 147 212 311 457 672 951 1 232 1 528 1 854 Sana'a' ...................................................... 46 58 72 89 111 141 238 402 653 1 034 1 365 1 801 2 345 2 955 3 636 4 382 Ta'izz ......................................................... 19 26 35 48 65 89 122 166 234 330 465 657 902 1 159 1 437 1 743

ZAMBIA Lusaka ...................................................... 31 53 91 160 278 385 533 636 757 902 1 073 1 261 1 421 1 587 1 797 2 047

ZIMBABWE Harare ....................................................... 143 192 248 319 417 532 616 778 1 047 1 255 1 379 1 515 1 663 1 839 2 037 2 247

1 Including Santos. 2 Including Jointville. 3 For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China. 4 As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China.


Table A.13. Population of capital cities in 2007

Country and Population Country and Population Country and Populationcapital city (thousands) capital city (thousands) capital city (thousands)

AFGHANISTAN BHUTAN COMOROS Kabul ...................................................... 3 324 Thimphu ................................................. 83 Moroni .................................................... 46

ALBANIA BOLIVIA (2) CONGO Tiranë (Tirana) ........................................ 406 La Paz .................................................... 1 590 Brazzaville .............................................. 1 332

Sucre ...................................................... 243ALGERIA COOK ISLANDS (7) El Djazaïr (Algiers) ................................. 3 355 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Rarotonga ............................................... 10

Sarajevo ................................................. 377AMERICAN SAMOA COSTA RICA Pago Pago .............................................. 58 BOTSWANA San José ................................................ 1 284

Gaborone ............................................... 224ANDORRA CÔTE D'IVOIRE (8) Andorra la Vella ...................................... 24 BRAZIL Abidjan ................................................... 3 801

Brasília ................................................... 3 594 Yamoussoukro ........................................ 669ANGOLA Luanda ................................................... 4 007 BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS CROATIA

Road Town ............................................. 9 Zagreb .................................................... 689ANGUILLA The Valley ............................................... 1 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM CUBA

Bandar Seri Begawan .............................. 22 La Habana (Havana) ............................... 2 178ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA St. John's ................................................ 26 BULGARIA CYPRUS

Sofia ....................................................... 1 186 Lefkosia (Nicosia) ................................... 233ARGENTINA Buenos Aires .......................................... 12 792 BURKINA FASO CZECH REPUBLIC

Ouagadougou ......................................... 1 148 Praha (Prague) ........................................ 1 162ARMENIA Yerevan .................................................. 1 102 BURUNDI DEM. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Bujumbura .............................................. 430 P'yongyang ............................................. 3 301ARUBA Oranjestad .............................................. 32 CAMBODIA DEM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) ..................... 1 465 Kinshasa ................................................ 7 851AUSTRALIA Canberra ................................................ 378 CAMEROON DENMARK

Yaoundé ................................................. 1 610 København (Copenhagen) ....................... 1 086AUSTRIA Wien (Vienna) ......................................... 2 315 CANADA (3) DJIBOUTI

Ottawa-Gatineau ..................................... 1 143 Djibouti ................................................... 583AZERBAIJAN Baku ....................................................... 1 892 CAPE VERDE DOMINICA

Praia ....................................................... 125 Roseau ................................................... 14BAHAMAS Nassau ................................................... 240 CAYMAN ISLANDS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

George Town .......................................... 28 Santo Domingo ....................................... 2 154BAHRAIN Al-Manamah (Manama) ........................... 157 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR

Bangui .................................................... 672 Quito ...................................................... 1 697BANGLADESH Dhaka ..................................................... 13 476 CHAD EGYPT

N'Djaména .............................................. 987 Al-Qahirah (Cairo) ................................... 11 894BARBADOS Bridgetown .............................................. 116 CHANNEL ISLANDS (4) EL SALVADOR

St. Helier ................................................ 29 San Salvador .......................................... 1 433BELARUS St. Peter Port .......................................... 17 Minsk ..................................................... 1 806 EQUATORIAL GUINEA

CHILE Malabo ................................................... 96BELGIUM Santiago ................................................. 5 719 Bruxelles-Brussel .................................... 1 743 ERITREA

CHINA Asmara ................................................... 600BELIZE Beijing .................................................... 11 108 Belmopan ............................................... 16 ESTONIA

CHINA, HONG KONG SAR (5) Tallinn ..................................................... 397BENIN (1) Hong Kong .............................................. 7 206 Cotonou .................................................. 762 ETHIOPIA Porto-Novo .............................................. 257 CHINA, MACAO SAR (6) Addis Ababa ........................................... 3 102

Macao .................................................... 481BERMUDA FAEROE ISLANDS Hamilton ................................................. 11 COLOMBIA Tórshavn ................................................ 20

Bogotá .................................................... 7 764


Table A.13. Population of capital cities in 2007 (continued)


FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) HONDURAS LIBERIA Stanley ................................................... 2 Tegucigalpa ............................................ 947 Monrovia ................................................. 1 165

FIJI HUNGARY LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Greater Suva .......................................... 224 Budapest ................................................ 1 675 Tarabulus (Tripoli) ................................... 2 188

FINLAND ICELAND LIECHTENSTEIN Helsinki ................................................... 1 115 Reykjavík ................................................ 192 Vaduz ..................................................... 5

FRANCE INDIA (9) LITHUANIA Paris ....................................................... 9 902 Delhi ....................................................... 15 915 Vilnius ..................................................... 543

FRENCH GUIANA INDONESIA LUXEMBOURG Cayenne ................................................. 63 Jakarta ................................................... 9 143 Luxembourg-Ville ..................................... 84

FRENCH POLYNESIA IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) MADAGASCAR Papeete .................................................. 131 Tehran .................................................... 7 875 Antananarivo ........................................... 1 697

GABON IRAQ MALAWI Libreville ................................................. 576 Baghdad ................................................. 5 500 Lilongwe ................................................. 732

GAMBIA IRELAND MALAYSIA (11) Banjul ..................................................... 407 Dublin ..................................................... 1 060 Kuala Lumpur ......................................... 1 448

GEORGIA ISLE OF MAN MALDIVES Tbilisi ...................................................... 1 099 Douglas .................................................. 26 Male ....................................................... 111

GERMANY ISRAEL MALI Berlin ...................................................... 3 405 Jerusalem ............................................... 736 Bamako .................................................. 1 494

GHANA ITALY MALTA Accra ...................................................... 2 120 Roma (Rome) ......................................... 3 340 Valletta ................................................... 199

GIBRALTAR JAMAICA MARSHALL ISLANDS Gibraltar ................................................. 29 Kingston ................................................. 581 Majuro .................................................... 28

GREECE JAPAN MARTINIQUE Athínai (Athens) ...................................... 3 242 Tokyo ..................................................... 35 670 Fort-de-France ........................................ 92

GREENLAND JORDAN MAURITANIA Nuuk (Godthåb) ...................................... 15 Amman ................................................... 1 064 Nouakchott ............................................. 673

GRENADA KAZAKHSTAN MAURITIUS St.George's ............................................. 32 Astana .................................................... 594 Port Louis ............................................... 150

GUADELOUPE KENYA MEXICO Basse-Terre ............................................ 12 Nairobi .................................................... 3 011 Ciudad de México (Mexico City) .............. 19 026

GUAM KIRIBATI (10) MICRONESIA (FED. STATES OF) Hagåtña .................................................. 149 Tarawa ................................................... 42 Palikir ..................................................... 7

GUATEMALA KUWAIT MONACO Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) ... 1 025 Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) ........................... 2 061 Monaco .................................................. 33

GUINEA KYRGYZSTAN MONGOLIA Conakry .................................................. 1 494 Bishkek .................................................. 837 Ulaanbaatar ............................................ 884

GUINEA-BISSAU LAO PEOPLE'S DEM. REPUBLIC MONTENEGRO Bissau .................................................... 330 Vientiane ................................................ 746 Podgorica ............................................... 142

GUYANA LATVIA MONTSERRAT (12) Georgetown ............................................ 133 Riga ....................................................... 722 Brades Estate ......................................... 1

Plymouth ................................................ —HAITI LEBANON Port-au-Prince ......................................... 2 002 Bayrut (Beirut) ........................................ 1 857 MOROCCO

Rabat ..................................................... 1 705HOLY SEE LESOTHO Vatican City ............................................ 1 Maseru ................................................... 212 MOZAMBIQUE

Maputo ................................................... 1 445




MYANMAR PITCAIRN SIERRA LEONE Nay Pyi Taw ............................................ 418 Adamstown ............................................. 0 Freetown ................................................ 826

NAMIBIA POLAND SINGAPORE Windhoek ............................................... 313 Warszawa (Warsaw) ............................... 1 707 Singapore ............................................... 4 436

NAURU PORTUGAL SLOVAKIA Nauru ..................................................... 10 Lisboa (Lisbon) ....................................... 2 811 Bratislava ................................................ 424

NEPAL PUERTO RICO SLOVENIA Kathmandu ............................................. 895 San Juan ................................................ 2 689 Ljubljana ................................................. 244

NETHERLANDS (13) QATAR SOLOMON ISLANDS Amsterdam ............................................. 1 031 Ad-Dawhah (Doha) ................................. 386 Honiara ................................................... 66 s-Gravenhage (The Hague) ..................... 624

REPUBLIC OF KOREA SOMALIANETHERLANDS ANTILLES Seoul ...................................................... 9 799 Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ............................ 1 450 Willemstad .............................................. 120

MOLDOVA SOUTH AFRICA (15)NEW CALEDONIA Chisinau ................................................. 592 Bloemfontein ........................................... 417 Nouméa .................................................. 156 Cape Town ............................................. 3 211

RÉUNION Pretoria ................................................... 1 336NEW ZEALAND Saint-Denis ............................................. 143 Wellington .............................................. 366 SPAIN

ROMANIA Madrid .................................................... 5 567NICARAGUA Bucuresti (Bucharest) .............................. 1 940 Managua ................................................ 920 SRI LANKA (16)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Colombo ................................................. 656NIGER Moskva (Moscow) ................................... 10 471 Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte ...................... 120 Niamey ................................................... 915

RWANDA SUDANNIGERIA Kigali ...................................................... 852 Al-Khartum (Khartoum) ............................ 4 762 Abuja ...................................................... 1 579

SAINT HELENA SURINAMENIUE Jamestown ............................................. 1 Paramaribo ............................................. 252 Alofi ........................................................ 1

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS SWAZILAND (17)NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (14) Basseterre .............................................. 13 Lobamba ................................................ ... Saipan .................................................... 76 Mbabane ................................................ 78

SAINT LUCIANORWAY Castries .................................................. 14 SWEDEN Oslo ....................................................... 834 Stockholm ............................................... 1 264

SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELONOCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY Saint-Pierre ............................................. 6 SWITZERLAND Ramallah ................................................ 68 Bern ....................................................... 337

ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINESOMAN Kingstown ............................................... 26 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Masqat ................................................... 621 Dimashq (Damascus) .............................. 2 467

SAMOAPAKISTAN Apia ........................................................ 43 TAJIKISTAN Islamabad ............................................... 780 Dushanbe ............................................... 553

SAN MARINOPALAU San Marino ............................................. 4 TFYR MACEDONIA (18) Koror ...................................................... 12 Skopje .................................................... 480

SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPEPANAMA São Tomé ............................................... 58 THAILAND Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) ........... 1 280 Krung Thep (Bangkok) ............................ 6 706

SAUDI ARABIAPAPUA NEW GUINEA Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) ................................. 4 462 TIMOR-LESTE Port Moresby .......................................... 299 Dili .......................................................... 159

SENEGALPARAGUAY Dakar ..................................................... 2 603 TOGO Asunción ................................................ 1 870 Lomé ...................................................... 1 451

SERBIAPERU Beograd (Belgrade) ................................. 1 100 TOKELAU (19) Lima ....................................................... 8 007

SEYCHELLES TONGAPHILIPPINES Victoria ................................................... 26 Nuku'alofa ............................................... 25 Manila .................................................... 11 103




TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REP. OF) Port of Spain ........................................... 54 Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) ............................. 604 Caracas .................................................. 2 986

TUNISIA UNITED KINGDOM VIET NAM Tunis ...................................................... 746 London ................................................... 8 566 Hà Noi .................................................... 4 377

TURKEY UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS Ankara .................................................... 3 715 Dodoma .................................................. 183 Matu-Utu ................................................ 1

TURKMENISTAN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WESTERN SAHARA Ashgabat ................................................ 744 Washington, D.C. ................................... 4 338 El Aaiún .................................................. 200

TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS YEMEN Grand Turk ............................................. 6 Charlotte Amalie ..................................... 53 Sana'a' ................................................... 2 008

TUVALU URUGUAY ZAMBIA Funafuti .................................................. 5 Montevideo ............................................. 1 514 Lusaka ................................................... 1 328

UGANDA UZBEKISTAN ZIMBABWE Kampala ................................................. 1 420 Tashkent ................................................ 2 184 Harare .................................................... 1 572

UKRAINE VANUATU Kyiv (Kiev) .............................................. 2 705 Port Vila .................................................. 40

1 Porto-Novo is the constitutional capital, Cotonou is the seat of government. 2 La Paz is the capital and the seat of government; Sucre is the legal capital and the seat of the judiciary. 3 The capital is Ottawa. 4 Refers to Guernsey, and Jersey. St. Helier is the capital of the Bailiwick of Jersey and St. Peter Port is the capital of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. 5 As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 6 As of 20 December 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. 7 The capital is Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga; the estimated population refers to the island of Rarotonga. Population estimates for Avarua have not been made available. 8 Yamoussoukro is the capital, Abidjan is the seat of government. 9 The capital is New Delhi, included in the urban agglomeration of Delhi. The population of New Delhi was estimated at 294,783 in the year 200110 The capital is Bairiki, located on the island of Tarawa; the estimated population refers to the island of South Tarawa. Population estimates for Bairiki have not been made available.11 Kuala Lumpur is the financial capital, Putrajaya is the administrative capital.12 Due to volcanic activity, Plymouth was abandoned in 1997. The government premises have been established at Brades Estate.13 Amsterdam is the capital, 's-Gravenhage is the seat of government.14 The capital is Garapan, located on the island of Saipan; the estimated population refers to the island of Saipan. The population of Garapan was estimated at 3,588 in the year 2000.15 Pretoria is the administrative capital, Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein is the judicial capital.16 Colombo is the commercial capital, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the administrative and legislative capital17 Mbabane is the administrative capital, Lobamba is the legislative capital.18 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.19 There is no capital in Tokelau. Each atoll (Atafu, Fakaofo and Nukunonu) has its own administrative center.


Table A.14. Average annual rate of change of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more,in 2007, by country, 1950-2025


Average annual rate of change (per cent)Country and agglomeration

1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

AFGHANISTAN Kabul ......................................................... 7.12 7.16 6.74 4.93 7.14 7.43 3.42 2.37 4.26 3.90 8.44 4.60 4.55 4.20 4.13

ALGERIA El Djazaïr (Algiers) .................................... 3.75 6.72 3.70 3.57 3.57 1.57 0.62 2.64 3.69 3.65 2.99 2.22 1.86 1.54 1.21 Wahran (Oran) ........................................... 1.26 1.26 1.26 3.42 3.80 2.83 2.36 1.37 0.86 0.91 1.59 2.15 2.05 1.74 1.41

ANGOLA Huambo ..................................................... 8.84 8.85 5.12 4.70 9.04 9.47 8.39 6.78 6.17 5.25 5.87 5.79 4.71 3.59 3.04 Luanda ...................................................... 4.61 4.61 7.24 7.53 7.40 7.39 5.96 3.82 4.39 5.66 6.20 6.02 4.69 3.40 2.82

ARGENTINA Buenos Aires ............................................. 2.58 2.58 2.07 2.04 1.52 1.49 1.11 1.08 1.18 1.21 1.16 0.84 0.52 0.33 0.17 Córdoba .................................................... 3.44 3.44 2.92 2.90 2.22 2.19 1.74 1.72 1.21 1.11 1.09 0.98 0.81 0.63 0.48 Mendoza .................................................... 2.90 2.90 3.64 3.68 2.53 2.47 2.22 2.21 1.11 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.86 0.70 0.54 Rosario ...................................................... 1.91 1.91 1.95 1.96 1.56 1.54 1.29 1.27 0.68 0.55 0.58 0.77 0.80 0.66 0.50 San Miguel de Tucumán ............................. 2.97 2.97 1.94 1.89 3.00 3.06 2.16 2.10 1.71 1.63 1.58 1.24 0.92 0.72 0.56

ARMENIA Yerevan ..................................................... 4.68 4.40 3.72 3.67 3.16 2.67 1.50 0.90 -0.55 -0.55 -0.15 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 —

AUSTRALIA Adelaide .................................................... 2.94 2.79 3.95 2.57 2.13 1.35 1.04 1.03 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.60 0.75 0.75 0.65 Brisbane .................................................... 3.18 3.04 2.94 2.65 3.03 2.79 2.22 2.17 2.04 1.71 2.10 2.02 1.21 0.73 0.57 Melbourne ................................................. 3.34 3.24 2.21 2.42 1.85 1.53 1.19 1.21 0.88 1.05 1.17 1.12 0.83 0.61 0.48 Perth ......................................................... 2.84 2.67 3.32 4.69 4.64 3.07 2.62 2.50 1.87 1.51 1.56 1.48 1.03 0.74 0.61 Sydney ...................................................... 2.41 2.27 2.26 2.19 2.09 1.72 1.24 1.13 1.11 1.21 0.87 0.77 0.69 0.57 0.46

AUSTRIA Wien (Vienna) ............................................ 0.02 0.02 -0.08 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 0.20 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.96 1.04 0.54 0.20 0.16

AZERBAIJAN Baku .......................................................... 0.93 1.35 2.37 2.37 2.29 1.94 1.07 0.86 0.37 0.45 0.67 0.67 0.76 0.89 0.84

BANGLADESH Chittagong ................................................. 2.23 2.17 6.68 7.28 6.81 5.52 4.22 4.02 4.85 4.99 4.71 3.60 2.97 2.80 2.66 Dhaka ........................................................ 3.94 4.34 9.60 10.30 9.61 7.71 7.11 7.02 4.60 4.21 4.02 3.25 2.80 2.65 2.51 Khulna ....................................................... 10.05 11.18 9.60 9.40 8.41 5.70 4.60 4.43 2.79 2.53 2.63 2.95 3.05 2.95 2.81 Rajshahi .................................................... 3.60 3.55 6.14 6.49 7.22 9.23 7.91 7.71 3.02 2.27 2.42 2.94 3.13 3.05 2.91

BELARUS Minsk ........................................................ 7.50 5.73 5.33 5.18 3.68 3.26 2.23 1.73 0.52 0.61 0.85 0.79 0.35 0.05 0.00

BELGIUM Antwerpen ................................................. 0.69 0.69 0.54 0.47 0.30 0.28 0.01 0.28 0.28 0.13 0.14 0.05 0.00 — — Bruxelles-Brussel ....................................... 0.48 0.48 0.53 0.55 0.54 0.53 -0.00 0.32 0.41 0.21 0.10 0.02 0.00 — —

BENIN Cotonou ..................................................... 5.46 20.29 8.38 7.71 7.71 6.78 4.01 4.02 2.73 2.13 2.27 3.11 3.56 3.49 3.31

BOLIVIA La Paz ....................................................... 3.15 3.16 3.15 3.15 3.15 2.83 2.72 2.72 3.53 1.85 1.89 2.05 1.94 1.68 1.43 Santa Cruz ................................................ 6.85 6.85 6.84 6.85 6.85 6.53 6.42 6.42 6.04 4.69 4.51 3.22 2.11 1.70 1.44

BRAZIL Baixada Santista (1) ................................... 4.75 4.75 4.59 4.58 4.19 4.18 2.25 2.18 2.15 2.14 2.18 2.00 1.40 0.90 0.62 Belém ........................................................ 4.46 4.46 4.63 4.63 3.21 3.17 3.12 3.12 4.20 4.54 3.11 2.68 1.56 0.88 0.58 Belo Horizonte ........................................... 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.42 4.99 4.94 3.76 3.72 2.86 2.59 2.59 2.27 1.35 0.74 0.45 Brasília ...................................................... 13.47 13.47 13.46 13.47 9.08 8.93 3.74 3.56 3.84 3.92 3.92 3.29 1.68 0.82 0.51 Campinas .................................................. 6.57 6.57 6.12 6.11 7.17 7.21 4.28 4.18 3.08 2.74 3.02 2.62 1.52 0.85 0.55 Campo Grande .......................................... 6.98 6.98 7.06 7.06 7.70 7.73 5.59 5.51 3.31 2.63 2.49 2.26 1.55 1.02 0.73 Cuiabá ....................................................... 6.17 6.17 6.71 6.73 9.69 9.80 6.64 6.53 3.43 2.49 2.31 2.12 1.51 1.01 0.73 Curitiba ...................................................... 8.77 8.77 5.47 5.36 6.97 7.03 3.41 3.28 3.12 3.07 3.07 2.65 1.52 0.83 0.53 Florianópolis .............................................. 3.63 3.63 4.33 4.36 7.69 7.81 4.39 4.27 3.85 3.72 4.81 4.03 2.02 1.01 0.68 Fortaleza ................................................... 6.39 6.39 5.53 5.50 5.40 5.39 4.05 4.01 2.75 2.37 2.37 2.12 1.36 0.81 0.52 Goiânia ...................................................... 10.22 10.23 9.28 9.25 6.80 6.71 4.34 4.26 3.61 3.41 3.31 2.85 1.62 0.89 0.59 Grande São Luís ........................................ 2.74 2.74 5.09 5.17 5.26 5.27 4.14 4.10 2.83 2.45 2.45 2.22 1.51 0.98 0.69 Grande Vitória ............................................ 7.04 7.04 6.83 6.82 7.46 7.49 3.91 3.78 2.97 2.72 2.85 2.51 1.54 0.91 0.62 João Pessoa .............................................. 4.47 4.47 4.55 4.56 4.48 4.48 3.66 3.63 2.54 2.21 2.09 1.95 1.44 0.98 0.70


Table A.14. Average annual rate of change of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more (continued)



1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Maceió ...................................................... 3.89 3.89 4.21 4.22 4.14 4.14 4.51 4.52 3.77 3.55 3.17 2.76 1.65 0.97 0.67 Manaus ..................................................... 5.22 5.22 6.18 6.21 7.63 7.69 4.63 4.53 3.87 3.68 3.33 2.87 1.64 0.91 0.61 Natal .......................................................... 4.91 4.92 4.93 4.93 4.84 4.84 3.95 3.92 2.89 2.58 2.58 2.31 1.53 0.97 0.68 Norte/Nordeste Catarinense (2) .................. 5.90 5.90 5.68 5.67 6.13 6.15 4.71 4.66 3.22 2.78 2.78 2.47 1.59 0.99 0.70 Pôrto Alegre ............................................... 5.91 5.91 4.63 4.59 4.23 4.22 3.21 3.17 1.96 1.59 1.59 1.52 1.18 0.78 0.51 Recife ........................................................ 4.86 4.86 4.24 4.22 2.62 2.56 2.37 2.37 1.90 1.76 1.76 1.65 1.22 0.79 0.52 Rio de Janeiro ............................................ 3.94 3.94 4.16 4.17 2.60 2.54 1.14 1.09 1.17 1.20 1.20 1.19 0.97 0.62 0.35 Salvador .................................................... 5.09 5.09 4.66 4.65 4.54 4.54 3.28 3.23 2.53 2.31 2.31 2.07 1.34 0.81 0.52 São Paulo .................................................. 5.31 5.31 6.50 6.54 4.65 4.58 2.05 1.96 1.53 1.39 1.39 1.32 0.96 0.56 0.29 Teresina .................................................... 6.56 6.56 6.25 6.24 6.91 6.94 4.59 4.51 2.77 2.24 2.00 1.88 1.43 0.99 0.71

BULGARIA Sofia .......................................................... 3.31 2.79 2.58 1.96 1.90 1.90 1.90 0.16 -0.38 -0.70 0.65 0.78 0.35 0.05 0.00

BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou ............................................ 6.52 5.12 6.50 6.09 5.83 10.98 9.97 4.76 4.32 4.33 4.63 4.75 4.71 4.62 4.41

CAMBODIA Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) ........................ 0.67 0.67 2.27 14.50 -43.94 17.36 11.67 7.30 6.14 6.55 3.23 3.84 4.11 3.84 3.39

CAMEROON Douala ....................................................... 4.17 5.36 5.89 7.48 7.48 5.54 5.18 4.61 4.30 4.30 4.20 3.54 2.80 2.30 1.93 Yaoundé .................................................... 8.68 8.70 7.88 9.88 9.30 7.04 6.62 5.30 4.59 4.59 4.44 3.65 2.83 2.33 1.95

CANADA Calgary ...................................................... 6.85 6.85 4.02 3.87 3.22 4.35 2.89 2.35 1.84 3.26 2.06 2.26 1.25 0.72 0.62 Edmonton .................................................. 6.64 6.64 4.04 4.08 2.60 2.74 3.89 1.88 0.67 1.47 1.92 1.79 1.08 0.71 0.63 Montréal .................................................... 4.13 4.13 3.11 2.46 0.78 0.23 0.56 1.65 0.94 0.98 0.74 0.97 0.68 0.52 0.46 Ottawa-Gatineau ........................................ 3.85 3.85 3.00 3.74 3.02 1.52 1.95 2.66 1.48 1.74 0.75 1.08 0.83 0.68 0.63 Toronto ...................................................... 4.90 4.90 3.64 3.83 1.78 1.65 2.19 2.52 1.95 1.86 1.78 1.57 0.86 0.49 0.41 Vancouver ................................................. 1.09 1.09 5.97 4.45 1.93 1.62 1.71 2.75 2.75 1.81 1.33 1.17 0.80 0.60 0.54

CHAD N'Djaména ................................................. 11.78 11.22 8.68 7.06 7.97 6.70 3.88 3.88 3.88 4.11 4.75 4.46 4.41 4.42 4.28

CHILE Santiago .................................................... 4.04 4.04 2.94 2.86 3.41 3.41 2.43 1.88 1.46 1.21 1.19 0.98 0.68 0.46 0.28 Valparaíso .................................................. 2.78 2.78 2.09 2.02 1.78 1.78 1.50 1.35 1.02 0.83 0.85 0.98 0.92 0.73 0.54

CHINA (3) Anshan, Liaoning ....................................... 4.52 4.52 3.94 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.95 2.15 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.79 1.71 1.32 Anshun ...................................................... 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 4.88 6.66 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.71 2.03 1.81 1.41 Anyang ...................................................... 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 3.43 2.52 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.20 2.16 1.81 1.40 Baoding ..................................................... 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23 2.56 2.11 4.03 4.03 3.15 2.92 2.34 1.79 1.36 Baotou ....................................................... 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 1.91 1.72 2.97 2.98 2.97 2.81 2.24 1.70 1.28 Beijing ....................................................... 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 2.84 2.84 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.45 1.04 Bengbu ...................................................... 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.70 2.02 1.80 1.40 Benxi ......................................................... 2.70 2.70 2.46 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.87 2.11 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.90 1.78 1.77 1.39 Changchun ................................................ 3.74 3.74 3.33 1.72 1.72 1.72 2.35 2.77 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.03 1.63 1.22 Changde .................................................... 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.54 1.92 1.73 1.33 Changsha, Hunan ...................................... 1.46 1.46 1.55 1.90 1.90 1.90 2.34 2.63 4.53 4.53 3.18 2.89 2.24 1.67 1.24 Changzhou, Jiangsu ................................... 4.71 4.71 4.71 4.71 4.71 4.71 4.71 4.71 3.81 3.81 3.13 2.91 2.32 1.76 1.34 Chengdu .................................................... 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 2.81 2.26 2.82 2.82 0.73 0.97 1.65 1.57 1.19 Chifeng ...................................................... 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 7.46 9.91 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.71 1.98 1.75 1.35 Chongqing ................................................. 1.80 1.80 1.66 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.72 2.13 6.59 6.59 1.05 1.00 1.62 1.51 1.12 Dalian ........................................................ 4.50 4.50 3.76 0.83 0.83 0.83 4.19 6.42 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.64 1.87 1.62 1.22 Dandong .................................................... 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.81 2.05 1.81 1.40 Daqing ....................................................... 3.32 3.33 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.33 3.32 3.32 3.15 3.15 3.09 2.90 2.29 1.73 1.30 Datong, Shanxi .......................................... 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 2.64 3.47 1.73 1.73 2.99 2.90 2.28 1.71 1.29 Dongguan, Guangdong .............................. 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 4.46 5.13 7.75 7.75 2.72 2.32 2.02 1.58 1.17 Foshan ...................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 4.45 5.10 5.63 5.63 3.26 2.92 2.35 1.81 1.38 Fushun, Liaoning ....................................... 2.72 2.72 2.46 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.69 1.89 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.81 1.72 1.72 1.33 Fuxin ......................................................... 4.24 4.24 4.23 4.24 4.24 4.24 2.77 1.79 -1.63 -1.63 2.77 2.93 2.38 1.84 1.41 Fuyang ...................................................... 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 3.91 9.63 9.63 3.52 2.93 2.38 1.84 1.41 Fuzhou, Fujian ........................................... 3.93 3.93 3.46 1.56 1.56 1.56 2.21 2.65 4.06 4.06 3.15 2.89 2.24 1.67 1.24 Guangzhou, Guangdong ............................ 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.57 2.73 6.34 6.34 2.62 2.29 1.95 1.49 1.07 Guilin ......................................................... 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.55 3.55 3.12 2.92 2.35 1.80 1.38 Guiyang ..................................................... 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.58 2.91 5.65 5.65 3.26 2.87 2.20 1.62 1.19 Haerbin ...................................................... 4.65 4.65 4.02 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.82 2.03 1.41 1.41 0.70 1.02 1.68 1.59 1.20 Handan ...................................................... 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.28 1.90 1.90 1.90 3.00 2.90 2.29 1.73 1.31 Hangzhou .................................................. 2.95 2.95 2.59 1.18 1.18 1.18 2.08 2.68 4.91 4.91 3.21 2.88 2.22 1.65 1.22





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Hefei .......................................................... 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.64 3.98 3.98 3.14 2.89 2.27 1.70 1.28 Hengyang .................................................. 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 3.59 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.22 2.15 1.79 1.38 Heze .......................................................... 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 2.87 0.62 0.62 0.62 1.04 1.79 1.73 1.35 Huai'an ...................................................... 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.73 1.13 1.82 1.74 1.35 Huaibei ...................................................... 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 3.14 3.14 3.14 2.96 2.37 1.82 1.39 Huainan ..................................................... 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.26 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.30 1.86 1.73 1.33 Hohhot ....................................................... 2.64 2.65 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.65 2.82 2.93 3.92 3.92 3.14 2.90 2.29 1.73 1.30 Huzhou ...................................................... 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.37 1.89 1.75 1.36 Jiamusi ...................................................... 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.52 2.23 1.79 1.38 Jiaozuo ...................................................... 2.69 2.69 2.68 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.68 2.69 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.14 2.15 1.81 1.40 Jiaxing ....................................................... 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.86 2.05 1.79 1.38 Jilin ............................................................ 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 2.76 2.52 3.79 3.79 3.13 2.89 2.25 1.68 1.25 Jinan, Shandong ........................................ 4.30 4.30 3.66 1.13 1.13 1.13 4.85 7.32 0.88 0.88 0.88 1.21 1.76 1.63 1.24 Jining, Shandong ....................................... 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 4.71 6.37 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.95 2.06 1.76 1.36 Jinxi, Liaoning ............................................ 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 5.83 7.19 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.17 2.33 1.68 1.25 Jinzhou ...................................................... 2.54 2.55 2.27 1.17 1.17 1.17 2.32 3.08 1.52 1.53 1.52 1.74 2.02 1.79 1.39 Jixi, Heilongjiang ........................................ 4.58 4.59 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.59 2.48 1.07 0.83 0.83 0.83 1.21 1.87 1.78 1.39 Kaifeng ...................................................... 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.60 1.99 1.80 1.40 Kaohsiung ................................................. 5.56 5.56 5.69 6.19 4.02 3.25 2.12 1.36 0.62 0.62 0.62 1.03 1.77 1.71 1.33 Kunming .................................................... 2.89 2.89 2.75 2.19 2.19 2.19 1.80 1.53 4.75 4.76 1.79 1.74 1.91 1.63 1.23 Langfang ................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 10.65 15.44 1.84 1.85 1.84 1.99 2.11 1.82 1.41 Lanzhou ..................................................... 4.38 4.38 4.38 4.38 4.38 4.38 2.75 1.66 2.47 2.47 3.04 2.89 2.24 1.67 1.24 Leshan ...................................................... 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.91 1.77 1.75 1.37 Lianyungang .............................................. 3.82 3.83 3.82 3.82 3.82 3.83 3.82 3.82 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.39 2.22 1.82 1.41 Liaoyang .................................................... 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.54 1.99 1.81 1.42 Linfen ........................................................ 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 6.34 8.24 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.18 2.16 1.82 1.41 Linyi, Shandong ......................................... 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.61 3.61 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.34 1.83 1.68 1.28 Liuan ......................................................... 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.46 1.88 1.71 1.31 Liupanshui ................................................. 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.79 3.00 2.91 2.33 1.77 1.35 Liuzhou ...................................................... 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 3.67 3.12 4.69 4.69 3.19 2.90 2.30 1.75 1.32 Luoyang .................................................... 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.89 2.72 2.61 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.14 2.07 1.72 1.30 Luzhou ...................................................... 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.83 10.75 10.76 3.60 2.90 2.30 1.74 1.32 Mianyang, Sichuan .................................... 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.65 2.24 1.75 1.33 Mudanjiang ................................................ 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 2.91 2.91 3.07 2.91 2.32 1.77 1.35 Nanchang .................................................. 4.96 4.96 4.45 2.41 2.41 2.42 2.26 2.16 3.67 3.67 3.67 3.33 2.38 1.69 1.25 Nanchong .................................................. 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 8.62 12.89 10.18 10.18 3.56 2.89 2.26 1.69 1.27 Nanjing, Jiangsu ........................................ 3.84 3.84 3.35 1.38 1.38 1.38 2.06 2.52 2.87 2.87 0.81 1.04 1.69 1.59 1.20 Nanning ..................................................... 5.13 5.14 5.13 5.13 5.13 5.14 4.27 3.69 4.08 4.08 3.15 2.89 2.26 1.69 1.27 Nantong ..................................................... 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 4.79 4.80 3.20 2.92 2.35 1.81 1.38 Nanyang, Henan ........................................ 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 13.95 13.96 3.81 2.90 2.27 1.71 1.28 Neijiang ..................................................... 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 12.37 19.15 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.13 1.81 1.72 1.33 Ningbo ....................................................... 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 3.06 3.06 3.08 2.90 2.27 1.71 1.28 Pingdingshan, Henan ................................. 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 6.93 9.24 -0.98 -0.98 -0.98 -0.16 1.50 1.78 1.42 Pingxiang, Jiangxi ....................................... 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 2.92 2.35 1.81 1.38 Qingdao ..................................................... 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 4.71 7.28 2.50 2.50 0.86 1.11 1.73 1.63 1.24 Qinhuangdao ............................................. 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.14 4.40 4.40 3.17 2.92 2.35 1.80 1.38 Qiqihaer ..................................................... 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.67 1.68 0.92 0.92 0.92 1.26 1.83 1.71 1.32 Quanzhou .................................................. 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.96 8.81 8.81 3.47 2.91 2.31 1.75 1.32 Shanghai ................................................... 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 4.79 4.79 1.82 1.70 1.73 1.41 1.00 Shangqiu ................................................... 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 17.08 17.08 4.02 2.90 2.28 1.72 1.30 Shantou ..................................................... 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.22 2.38 1.74 1.31 Shaoxing .................................................... 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 7.44 7.44 3.38 2.93 2.38 1.84 1.41 Shenyang .................................................. 3.18 3.18 2.77 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.59 1.89 -0.12 -0.12 0.52 0.96 1.64 1.55 1.17 Shenzhen .................................................. 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 7.72 11.39 19.36 19.37 3.51 2.30 1.97 1.51 1.09 Shijiazhuang .............................................. 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.62 3.34 3.15 3.50 3.50 3.11 2.89 2.25 1.68 1.25 Suining, Sichuan ........................................ 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 0.71 0.71 0.71 1.11 1.80 1.73 1.34 Suzhou, Anhui ........................................... 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 17.67 17.68 4.06 2.90 2.27 1.71 1.28 Suzhou, Jiangsu ........................................ 1.21 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 2.44 3.27 4.16 4.16 3.16 2.90 2.29 1.73 1.31 Taian, Shandong ........................................ 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 0.82 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.81 1.71 1.32 Taichung .................................................... 4.07 4.07 4.07 4.07 4.07 1.92 2.31 2.56 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.17 2.13 1.78 1.37 Tainan ....................................................... 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.15 1.76 1.51 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.09 1.86 1.81 1.42 Taipei ........................................................ 4.58 4.58 5.05 6.95 3.01 1.83 1.97 2.06 -0.26 -0.26 -0.26 0.35 1.53 1.63 1.25 Taiyuan, Shanxi ......................................... 4.55 4.55 4.09 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.58 2.82 0.44 2.06 2.06 2.10 2.01 1.64 1.23 Tangshan, Hebei ........................................ 2.66 2.66 2.53 2.03 2.03 2.03 1.59 1.30 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.60 1.91 1.69 1.29 Tianjin ........................................................ 4.21 4.21 3.60 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.47 1.47 0.92 1.18 1.66 1.50 1.11 Tianmen .................................................... 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 1.18 1.80 1.70 1.31 Tianshui ..................................................... 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 4.60 0.95 0.95 0.95 1.29 1.87 1.75 1.36 Tongliao ..................................................... 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 6.04 7.55 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.79 2.04 1.80 1.40 Ürümqi (Wulumqi) ...................................... 4.16 4.16 4.15 4.16 4.16 4.16 3.11 2.42 3.99 3.99 3.15 2.89 2.26 1.70 1.27 Weifang ..................................................... 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 6.21 7.83 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.89 2.01 1.73 1.32





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Wenzhou ................................................... 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 11.16 11.16 3.63 2.89 2.25 1.68 1.26 Wuhan ...................................................... 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.37 2.05 5.53 5.53 1.26 1.23 1.67 1.50 1.10 Wuhu, Anhui .............................................. 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.29 2.19 1.82 1.41 Wuxi, Jiangsu ............................................ 0.55 0.55 0.74 1.52 1.52 1.53 2.23 2.70 3.35 3.35 3.10 2.90 2.28 1.72 1.30 Xiamen ...................................................... 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 11.28 11.29 3.64 2.89 2.24 1.67 1.25 Xi'an, Shaanxi ............................................ 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.43 3.35 2.60 2.60 1.05 1.24 1.74 1.58 1.19 Xiangfan, Hubei .......................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 4.71 5.53 5.53 5.53 3.25 2.92 2.34 1.79 1.37 Xiantao ...................................................... 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 1.15 1.81 1.71 1.32 Xianyang, Shaanxi ..................................... 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.47 2.21 1.78 1.36 Xingyi, Guizhou .......................................... 1.86 1.87 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.87 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.87 1.86 2.00 2.11 1.82 1.41 Xining ........................................................ 2.49 2.50 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.50 2.49 2.49 1.96 1.96 3.01 2.92 2.34 1.80 1.37 Xinxiang ..................................................... 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.27 2.28 2.27 2.31 2.19 1.81 1.39 Xinyang ..................................................... 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 14.76 14.76 3.87 2.90 2.30 1.74 1.31 Xinyu ......................................................... 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.21 1.81 1.39 Xuanzhou .................................................. 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 1.10 1.85 1.79 1.41 Xuzhou ...................................................... 3.05 3.05 2.88 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.33 2.39 5.58 5.58 3.46 3.06 2.31 1.70 1.27 Yancheng, Jiangsu ..................................... 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 2.92 2.37 1.83 1.40 Yantai ........................................................ 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 6.73 9.74 6.98 6.98 3.35 2.89 2.26 1.70 1.27 Yibin .......................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 9.10 12.85 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.80 2.05 1.80 1.40 Yichang ..................................................... 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.79 3.58 3.58 3.12 2.92 2.36 1.82 1.40 Yichun, Heilongjiang ................................... 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 -0.78 -0.78 -0.78 -0.00 1.55 1.79 1.43 Yichun, Jiangxi ........................................... 2.74 2.74 2.73 2.74 2.74 2.74 1.39 0.49 0.93 0.93 0.93 1.28 1.89 1.78 1.39 Yinchuan ................................................... 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.60 4.60 3.19 2.92 2.35 1.80 1.38 Yingkou ..................................................... 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 1.93 1.94 1.93 2.05 2.13 1.82 1.41 Yiyang, Hunan ........................................... 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.64 1.96 1.74 1.34 Yongzhou .................................................. 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.82 1.76 1.77 1.39 Yuci ........................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 5.55 6.94 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.21 2.45 1.83 1.40 Yueyang .................................................... 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 -1.60 -1.61 -1.60 -0.63 1.37 1.77 1.42 Yulin, Guangxi ............................................ 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.09 3.08 2.91 2.33 1.79 1.36 Zaozhuang ................................................. 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.34 1.83 1.67 1.28 Zhangjiakou ............................................... 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.15 1.79 1.37 Zhanjiang ................................................... 2.38 2.38 2.37 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.37 2.38 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.42 2.16 1.73 1.31 Zhaotong ................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 4.61 5.36 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.77 2.05 1.81 1.41 Zhengzhou ................................................. 4.41 4.41 3.96 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.40 2.56 3.44 3.44 0.93 1.11 1.74 1.64 1.25 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu ..................................... 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35 3.39 3.39 3.10 2.92 2.37 1.83 1.40 Zhuhai ....................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 8.22 11.38 8.94 8.94 3.48 2.92 2.35 1.80 1.37 Zhuzhou .................................................... 3.47 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.47 3.48 4.52 5.21 3.95 3.95 3.14 2.92 2.34 1.79 1.37 Zibo ........................................................... 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.46 1.82 1.62 1.23 Zigong ....................................................... 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.38 0.71 0.71 0.71 1.11 1.83 1.76 1.37 Zunyi ......................................................... 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 5.50 5.50 3.25 2.92 2.37 1.83 1.40

CHINA, HONG KONG SAR (4) Hong Kong ................................................. 4.64 4.22 3.94 1.61 2.62 3.12 1.91 2.26 1.78 1.42 1.15 1.00 0.86 0.75 0.65

COLOMBIA Barranquilla ............................................... 4.37 4.37 4.31 4.03 3.66 2.94 2.94 1.99 2.06 2.32 2.32 2.07 1.42 1.04 0.85 Bucaramanga ............................................ 5.47 5.48 5.44 5.31 4.52 2.96 2.96 3.41 3.08 2.39 2.39 2.14 1.50 1.12 0.93 Cali ............................................................ 7.19 7.19 6.75 4.95 4.15 2.60 2.59 2.68 2.48 2.08 2.08 1.88 1.35 1.01 0.82 Cartagena .................................................. 5.10 5.10 4.86 3.86 3.84 3.80 3.80 2.88 2.77 2.68 2.67 2.36 1.58 1.14 0.95 Medellín ..................................................... 6.59 6.59 6.24 4.77 3.97 2.39 2.39 1.81 2.11 2.76 2.76 2.39 1.45 0.96 0.76 Bogotá ....................................................... 6.99 7.00 6.77 5.84 4.87 2.96 2.96 2.97 2.95 2.92 2.91 2.47 1.38 0.84 0.64

CONGO Brazzaville ................................................. 1.88 5.99 6.55 6.59 6.45 6.08 5.79 3.31 3.31 3.44 4.19 4.26 2.78 2.28 2.07

COSTA RICA San José ................................................... 4.42 4.42 4.44 4.46 4.09 3.58 3.51 3.25 3.25 3.48 3.29 2.43 1.84 1.53 1.32

CÔTE D'IVOIRE Abidjan ...................................................... 13.13 8.52 9.59 11.41 11.33 7.18 4.31 4.05 3.74 3.58 3.24 3.16 2.83 2.43 2.09

CUBA La Habana (Havana) .................................. 2.89 2.15 2.15 2.15 0.75 0.70 0.93 1.01 0.69 0.04 0.02 -0.27 -0.08 -0.01 -0.00

CZECH REPUBLIC Praha (Prague) ........................................... 0.68 0.68 0.72 0.73 0.90 0.92 0.30 0.26 -0.29 -0.38 -0.14 -0.07 -0.02 -0.00 —





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

DEM. PEOPLE'S REP. OF KOREA Hamhung ................................................... 5.23 5.23 5.23 3.95 2.75 2.76 2.37 1.06 0.20 0.56 0.80 0.68 0.73 0.80 0.72 N'ampo ...................................................... 5.23 5.23 5.23 5.95 6.62 6.63 6.62 6.62 6.58 4.71 1.69 0.67 0.68 0.74 0.67 P'yongyang ................................................ 2.24 2.24 3.50 4.98 6.24 6.24 3.51 2.81 2.33 1.88 0.93 0.49 0.52 0.59 0.52

DEM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Kananga .................................................... 14.50 20.16 12.06 10.61 -2.50 -2.50 -1.18 3.60 4.47 3.57 4.57 4.55 4.66 4.41 4.11 Kinshasa ................................................... 7.41 8.30 9.64 8.00 6.52 6.52 6.16 4.22 5.09 4.19 5.18 4.84 4.46 4.08 3.78 Lubumbashi ............................................... 8.25 5.78 5.21 5.12 3.95 3.95 3.92 3.30 4.17 3.28 4.28 4.33 4.54 4.33 4.03 Mbuji-Mayi ................................................. 6.63 6.64 6.63 6.41 4.42 4.42 4.39 3.77 4.64 3.75 4.74 4.64 4.62 4.33 4.04

DENMARK København (Copenhagen) .......................... 0.17 0.92 1.34 0.10 -3.27 -1.33 -0.74 -0.41 0.25 0.54 0.14 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.02

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo .......................................... 7.12 7.12 6.37 6.13 3.97 3.97 2.38 1.73 1.86 2.09 2.12 2.17 1.88 1.50 1.16

ECUADOR Guayaquil .................................................. 5.68 5.69 4.91 4.19 4.27 4.58 3.77 3.01 2.80 2.78 2.77 2.40 1.79 1.39 1.08 Quito ......................................................... 4.38 4.38 4.47 4.55 4.51 4.34 3.64 3.00 2.25 2.18 3.20 2.95 1.95 1.45 1.13

EGYPT Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria) ....................... 3.71 3.71 3.06 2.52 2.41 2.33 2.30 1.61 1.35 1.88 2.08 2.03 1.71 1.57 1.63 Al-Qahirah (Cairo) ...................................... 3.89 3.89 5.05 3.29 2.88 2.61 2.50 1.69 1.38 1.64 1.73 1.70 1.48 1.41 1.48

EL SALVADOR San Salvador ............................................. 4.72 4.72 4.73 4.73 3.54 3.24 3.24 3.24 2.65 2.16 2.16 2.01 1.63 1.48 1.37

ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa .............................................. 2.81 2.81 2.81 3.99 4.77 4.77 4.56 3.86 3.72 2.90 3.03 3.48 3.84 3.89 3.83

FINLAND Helsinki ...................................................... 2.04 2.04 1.28 1.20 2.75 2.93 1.45 3.70 1.57 1.56 1.42 0.81 0.51 0.46 0.41

FRANCE Bordeaux ................................................... 0.77 2.01 1.87 1.45 1.00 0.63 0.91 1.04 0.88 0.88 0.78 0.60 0.46 0.40 0.36 Lille ........................................................... 0.44 1.19 1.18 0.95 0.66 0.01 0.20 0.31 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.42 0.37 0.33 Lyon .......................................................... 0.98 3.26 2.55 1.65 1.00 0.60 0.48 0.44 0.74 0.73 0.66 0.50 0.38 0.32 0.28 Marseille-Aix-en-Provence .......................... 1.09 3.03 2.82 2.01 1.16 0.66 0.18 -0.03 0.39 0.39 0.43 0.46 0.38 0.33 0.28 Nice-Cannes .............................................. 1.27 2.99 2.75 2.30 1.85 0.97 1.44 1.60 0.46 0.46 0.50 0.52 0.44 0.38 0.34 Paris .......................................................... 0.83 1.73 1.45 0.94 0.49 0.26 0.65 0.82 0.38 0.38 0.33 0.21 0.10 0.05 0.01 Toulouse .................................................... 1.18 3.92 3.41 2.56 1.82 0.85 1.81 2.26 1.75 1.74 1.34 0.72 0.46 0.40 0.35

GEORGIA Tbilisi ......................................................... 1.49 1.71 2.24 2.22 2.02 1.88 1.54 0.77 -1.07 -1.07 -0.12 0.26 0.09 0.01 0.00

GERMANY Berlin ......................................................... -0.32 -0.24 -0.17 -0.16 -0.48 -0.48 0.03 2.23 0.29 -0.51 0.04 0.19 0.07 0.01 0.00 Hamburg .................................................... 1.16 1.23 0.04 -0.25 -0.82 -0.82 -0.81 0.66 0.81 0.04 0.34 0.43 0.15 0.02 0.00 Köln (Cologne) ........................................... 2.66 2.87 0.96 0.54 1.33 1.33 -1.08 0.66 0.31 -0.04 0.28 1.19 0.43 0.04 0.00 München (Munich) ..................................... 2.38 2.49 2.06 1.92 0.04 0.04 -0.49 -0.79 0.37 -0.62 0.85 0.72 0.26 0.03 0.00

GHANA Accra ......................................................... 8.05 7.87 4.80 4.69 3.14 3.14 3.19 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.40 3.23 2.84 2.47 2.13 Kumasi ...................................................... 8.08 7.89 4.65 4.51 2.57 2.57 3.29 5.34 5.34 5.34 4.92 3.69 2.91 2.50 2.16

GREECE Athínai (Athens) ......................................... 2.97 2.97 3.13 3.16 1.94 1.74 0.39 0.15 0.34 0.37 0.31 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.16 Thessaloniki ............................................... 2.43 2.43 3.67 3.88 2.57 2.35 0.86 0.59 0.66 0.67 0.59 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.35

GUATEMALA Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) ...... 5.06 5.06 4.36 2.17 1.60 0.93 0.71 0.67 0.89 1.57 1.62 2.30 2.97 2.90 2.64

GUINEA Conakry ..................................................... 12.75 12.75 12.40 12.40 6.24 4.34 3.04 3.11 3.11 3.08 2.90 3.09 3.75 3.75 3.54

HAITI Port-au-Prince ............................................ 6.19 6.19 6.19 6.19 4.48 3.96 4.58 5.06 4.60 2.94 2.62 3.17 3.42 2.78 2.10

HONDURAS Tegucigalpa ............................................... 5.69 5.69 5.57 5.54 5.34 4.79 4.79 4.08 3.16 3.16 2.56 2.52 2.62 2.46 2.22





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

HUNGARY Budapest ................................................... 1.15 1.11 0.72 0.71 0.60 0.52 -0.21 -0.30 -1.15 -1.15 -1.08 -0.35 -0.10 -0.01 -0.00

INDIA Agra .......................................................... 3.00 3.03 2.30 2.19 1.73 1.65 2.28 2.38 3.20 3.32 3.12 2.42 2.15 2.18 2.20 Ahmadabad ............................................... 3.27 3.18 3.58 3.64 3.81 3.84 2.78 2.62 3.04 3.11 2.92 2.23 1.97 2.01 2.03 Aligarh ....................................................... 2.62 2.67 3.02 3.08 2.52 2.42 3.82 4.04 3.39 3.29 3.11 2.48 2.24 2.28 2.30 Allahabad .................................................. 2.57 2.60 1.85 1.73 2.29 2.39 2.59 2.62 2.23 2.17 2.15 2.10 2.15 2.22 2.24 Amritsar ..................................................... 1.26 1.69 1.43 1.39 2.76 3.00 1.92 1.75 3.00 3.20 3.02 2.41 2.18 2.22 2.24 Asansol ..................................................... 5.41 5.77 3.86 3.57 4.10 4.19 6.93 7.35 4.06 3.56 3.33 2.51 2.18 2.21 2.23 Aurangabad ............................................... 3.67 3.83 5.03 5.21 6.35 6.55 6.31 6.28 4.38 4.09 3.78 2.69 2.22 2.23 2.25 Bangalore .................................................. 4.61 4.32 3.33 3.18 5.36 5.74 3.76 3.46 3.23 3.20 2.99 2.24 1.94 1.98 2.00 Bareilly ...................................................... 2.45 2.71 1.89 1.77 3.01 3.24 3.18 3.17 1.87 1.67 1.73 1.98 2.19 2.28 2.30 Bhiwandi .................................................... 5.74 6.13 5.24 5.10 3.94 3.74 11.11 12.24 5.62 4.60 4.23 2.88 2.28 2.28 2.30 Bhopal ....................................................... 7.16 7.79 5.73 5.41 5.70 5.75 4.75 4.60 3.21 3.00 2.84 2.31 2.13 2.17 2.19 Bhubaneswar ............................................. 8.39 8.39 9.84 10.07 7.78 7.38 6.44 6.30 4.90 4.69 4.30 2.90 2.28 2.27 2.29 Kolkata (Calcutta) ...................................... 2.27 2.23 2.05 2.02 2.60 2.71 1.93 1.81 1.82 1.82 1.79 1.74 1.80 1.87 1.89 Chandigarh ................................................ 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 6.38 6.01 3.48 3.09 3.36 3.40 3.20 2.49 2.22 2.25 2.27 Jammu ....................................................... 2.71 2.59 3.93 4.13 3.26 3.10 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.01 4.58 3.00 2.30 2.28 2.30 Chennai (Madras) ...................................... 2.68 2.32 4.51 4.85 3.32 3.05 2.44 2.34 1.78 1.70 1.71 1.77 1.89 1.97 1.99 Coimbatore ................................................ 4.41 4.45 4.86 4.92 2.65 2.25 1.85 1.79 2.60 2.73 2.62 2.23 2.12 2.18 2.19 Delhi .......................................................... 5.26 4.96 4.40 4.32 4.52 4.56 3.94 3.85 4.14 4.18 3.81 2.45 1.86 1.86 1.88 Dhanbad .................................................... 9.52 10.03 7.97 7.65 4.97 4.50 2.19 1.84 2.56 2.67 2.57 2.24 2.16 2.22 2.24 Durg-Bhilainagar ........................................ 16.58 18.85 7.74 6.05 6.85 6.99 3.84 3.35 3.03 2.98 2.84 2.35 2.19 2.24 2.25 Faridabad .................................................. 5.44 5.44 7.31 7.60 12.71 13.62 7.22 6.24 5.47 5.35 4.86 3.05 2.23 2.20 2.22 Ghaziabad ................................................. 4.94 4.76 5.75 5.90 7.83 8.18 6.09 5.78 6.30 6.38 5.74 3.37 2.26 2.21 2.22 Guwahati (Gauhati) .................................... 10.39 11.39 4.83 3.83 5.14 5.38 5.37 5.37 3.60 3.32 3.13 2.47 2.22 2.25 2.27 Gwalior ...................................................... 2.27 2.19 2.88 2.98 3.14 3.17 2.64 2.56 1.97 1.88 1.90 2.03 2.17 2.25 2.27 Hubli-Dharwad ........................................... 2.47 2.36 3.95 4.19 3.45 3.32 2.24 2.07 1.95 1.93 1.94 2.05 2.19 2.27 2.28 Hyderabad ................................................. 1.45 1.02 3.26 3.60 3.53 3.52 5.10 5.34 2.81 2.42 2.32 2.00 1.93 1.99 2.01 Indore ........................................................ 2.64 2.39 3.33 3.48 3.87 3.94 3.04 2.91 3.77 3.91 3.62 2.57 2.13 2.15 2.17 Jabalpur ..................................................... 3.58 3.56 3.71 3.73 3.54 3.51 1.86 1.60 2.19 2.29 2.24 2.12 2.15 2.21 2.23 Jaipur ........................................................ 3.28 2.99 4.17 4.36 4.65 4.71 4.11 4.03 4.23 4.26 3.91 2.64 2.09 2.10 2.11 Jalandhar ................................................... 2.69 2.77 2.82 2.83 3.18 3.24 2.35 2.22 3.16 3.31 3.13 2.48 2.24 2.27 2.29 Jamshedpur ............................................... 3.90 4.08 3.38 3.27 3.78 3.87 2.37 2.14 2.75 2.84 2.72 2.29 2.16 2.21 2.23 Jodhpur ..................................................... 2.36 2.18 3.26 3.43 4.51 4.71 3.00 2.74 2.54 2.51 2.44 2.22 2.19 2.25 2.27 Kanpur ....................................................... 3.26 3.20 2.77 2.70 2.56 2.53 2.19 2.14 2.73 2.82 2.68 2.20 2.04 2.09 2.11 Kochi (Cochin) ........................................... 4.82 5.14 4.62 4.54 4.50 4.50 5.01 5.09 2.17 1.73 1.76 1.94 2.11 2.19 2.21 Kota .......................................................... 5.75 6.14 5.72 5.66 5.31 5.25 4.21 4.05 2.89 2.71 2.62 2.30 2.22 2.28 2.29 Kozhikode (Calicut) .................................... 3.17 3.31 3.99 4.10 4.83 4.96 3.98 3.83 1.33 0.94 1.10 1.74 2.15 2.26 2.28 Lucknow .................................................... 2.74 2.77 2.23 2.14 2.15 2.15 4.66 5.05 3.33 3.06 2.89 2.29 2.07 2.11 2.13 Ludhiana .................................................... 4.43 4.62 4.89 4.93 4.29 4.18 5.24 5.41 3.24 2.91 2.77 2.29 2.13 2.18 2.20 Madurai ..................................................... 2.98 2.81 3.56 3.68 2.64 2.46 1.88 1.79 1.07 0.95 1.11 1.72 2.11 2.21 2.23 Meerut ....................................................... 2.14 1.97 2.48 2.56 3.62 3.81 4.49 4.60 3.36 3.18 3.00 2.39 2.16 2.20 2.22 Moradabad ................................................ 1.64 1.70 3.25 3.49 2.55 2.38 2.49 2.51 3.53 3.68 3.45 2.60 2.26 2.28 2.30 Mumbai (Bombay) ...................................... 3.67 3.36 3.57 3.60 3.95 4.02 3.55 3.48 2.73 2.62 2.47 1.96 1.78 1.83 1.85 Mysore ...................................................... 0.98 0.38 2.95 3.34 3.05 3.00 3.09 3.10 2.01 1.85 1.88 2.03 2.19 2.27 2.29 Nagpur ...................................................... 3.57 3.53 3.03 2.96 3.32 3.39 2.58 2.45 2.44 2.44 2.36 2.10 2.06 2.12 2.14 Nashik ....................................................... 3.75 3.18 2.41 2.29 4.26 4.61 5.16 5.25 4.71 4.63 4.24 2.82 2.20 2.19 2.21 Patna ......................................................... 2.67 2.52 2.90 2.96 5.81 6.32 2.40 1.80 4.05 4.40 4.04 2.72 2.14 2.14 2.16 Pune (Poona) ............................................. 3.15 2.67 3.46 3.58 3.93 3.99 3.92 3.91 4.07 4.09 3.76 2.55 2.02 2.03 2.05 Raipur ....................................................... 4.30 4.43 3.92 3.84 4.83 5.00 3.38 3.13 4.00 4.13 3.83 2.72 2.26 2.27 2.28 Rajkot ........................................................ 4.26 3.85 4.27 4.34 4.01 3.96 3.87 3.86 4.21 4.26 3.93 2.73 2.21 2.22 2.23 Ranchi ....................................................... 3.07 2.72 5.52 5.95 6.69 6.83 2.65 2.01 3.21 3.39 3.19 2.48 2.21 2.24 2.26 Salem ........................................................ 3.16 2.95 4.02 4.18 2.51 2.21 1.24 1.09 2.38 2.58 2.50 2.25 2.21 2.27 2.29 Solapur ...................................................... 2.06 1.98 1.69 1.64 2.45 2.59 1.97 1.87 3.20 3.41 3.21 2.49 2.21 2.24 2.26 Srinagar ..................................................... 1.56 1.52 3.40 3.69 3.63 3.62 2.21 2.00 2.62 2.72 2.62 2.27 2.18 2.23 2.25 Surat ......................................................... 2.85 2.91 4.17 4.36 5.94 6.23 5.23 5.08 6.01 6.16 5.53 3.19 2.11 2.06 2.07 Thiruvananthapuram .................................. 2.66 2.49 4.93 5.31 2.84 2.41 4.33 4.63 1.25 0.73 0.93 1.68 2.14 2.26 2.28 Tiruchirappalli ............................................ 1.72 1.41 2.90 3.13 2.80 2.74 1.71 1.55 1.71 1.74 1.78 1.99 2.17 2.26 2.28 Vadodara ................................................... 3.74 3.82 4.05 4.08 4.61 4.70 4.21 4.14 2.99 2.81 2.69 2.25 2.12 2.17 2.19 Varanasi (Benares) .................................... 3.16 3.20 2.26 2.12 2.59 2.68 2.65 2.65 1.75 1.62 1.67 1.91 2.12 2.21 2.23 Vijayawada ................................................ 4.08 3.74 3.81 3.82 4.47 4.59 4.45 4.43 2.14 1.79 1.82 1.98 2.15 2.23 2.25 Visakhapatnam .......................................... 6.38 6.70 5.56 5.38 5.16 5.12 5.54 5.60 2.73 2.29 2.25 2.11 2.12 2.19 2.21

INDONESIA Bandar Lampung ........................................ 8.43 8.43 8.43 8.43 8.43 8.44 2.87 2.47 4.84 5.01 2.08 2.57 2.53 1.93 1.45 Bandung .................................................... 5.68 5.68 3.08 2.14 2.15 2.16 3.33 3.42 0.59 0.39 1.48 2.18 2.34 1.79 1.31 Bogor ........................................................ 2.74 2.74 6.37 7.70 6.04 5.50 1.24 0.94 2.26 2.36 2.82 2.97 2.59 1.92 1.44 Jakarta ...................................................... 6.12 6.12 4.15 3.44 4.13 4.36 3.16 3.08 0.36 0.16 1.05 1.86 2.13 1.60 1.12





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Malang ...................................................... 4.38 4.38 2.74 2.15 2.12 2.11 3.00 3.07 1.03 0.88 0.67 1.81 2.41 1.94 1.47 Medan ....................................................... 4.61 4.62 3.32 2.85 7.12 8.51 2.69 2.27 1.11 1.03 1.30 2.08 2.34 1.80 1.33 Padang ...................................................... 3.24 3.24 3.17 3.15 8.19 9.85 3.20 2.72 1.40 1.30 2.46 2.78 2.57 1.93 1.45 Palembang ................................................. 4.76 4.76 2.79 2.07 3.00 3.30 3.71 3.74 2.59 2.51 2.54 2.78 2.48 1.83 1.35 Semarang .................................................. 2.69 2.69 2.57 2.53 4.45 5.08 2.18 1.98 1.40 1.36 -0.60 1.08 2.22 1.86 1.39 Surabaya ................................................... 3.49 3.49 4.15 4.39 3.27 2.91 2.09 2.03 0.62 0.51 1.07 1.94 2.28 1.76 1.29 Pekan Baru ................................................ 5.83 5.83 5.83 5.83 4.66 4.28 7.39 7.61 4.26 4.02 4.45 3.87 2.76 1.95 1.46 Ujung Pandang .......................................... 4.82 4.82 2.00 0.98 3.64 4.52 2.66 2.53 2.53 2.53 2.56 2.81 2.53 1.88 1.40

IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Ahvaz ........................................................ 5.41 5.41 5.41 4.98 4.82 5.38 5.58 4.72 2.69 2.01 1.98 1.97 1.84 1.56 1.14 Esfahan ..................................................... 5.12 5.12 5.12 6.38 6.85 3.15 1.76 2.21 2.33 2.34 2.34 2.30 1.94 1.51 1.07 Karaj .......................................................... 11.13 11.14 11.13 11.73 11.95 11.56 11.40 11.43 5.30 3.70 3.85 3.69 2.57 1.60 1.08 Kermanshah .............................................. 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.27 4.36 6.03 6.66 3.25 2.11 1.55 1.36 1.40 1.60 1.56 1.18 Mashhad ................................................... 5.26 5.26 5.26 5.77 5.96 6.62 6.87 4.45 1.97 2.23 2.50 2.44 1.97 1.46 1.01 Qom .......................................................... 3.30 3.30 3.30 5.34 6.10 7.47 7.98 4.69 3.56 2.45 2.08 2.07 1.88 1.57 1.15 Shiraz ........................................................ 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.94 5.07 6.46 6.98 2.89 1.70 1.58 1.52 1.55 1.63 1.51 1.11 Tabriz ........................................................ 3.30 3.30 3.30 5.07 5.73 3.82 3.10 2.48 1.91 1.64 1.59 1.61 1.65 1.50 1.10 Tehran ....................................................... 5.87 5.87 5.87 5.40 5.23 3.46 2.79 1.72 0.99 1.28 1.42 1.43 1.43 1.26 0.85

IRAQ Al-Basrah (Basra) ...................................... 4.84 6.53 7.94 1.60 1.22 1.22 1.21 3.65 5.71 3.68 1.96 1.96 2.07 2.20 2.11 Al-Mawsil (Mosul) ....................................... 2.97 3.97 4.81 4.23 4.19 4.19 4.19 3.97 3.78 3.44 3.15 3.15 2.95 2.40 2.06 Baghdad .................................................... 4.32 6.98 9.20 4.97 4.72 3.65 2.74 2.52 2.34 2.46 0.48 2.01 2.33 2.08 1.86 Irbil (Erbil) .................................................. 3.90 7.38 10.29 7.77 7.61 7.62 7.61 5.47 3.65 3.23 2.88 2.88 2.76 2.38 2.11

IRELAND Dublin ........................................................ 0.66 0.43 1.79 1.28 1.55 1.62 0.36 -0.08 0.65 0.87 0.96 1.14 1.38 1.31 1.17

ISRAEL Hefa (Haifa) ............................................... 2.23 2.23 2.31 2.33 1.69 1.30 3.14 5.74 5.74 2.73 2.22 0.99 1.13 0.98 0.85 Tel Aviv-Yafo (Tel Aviv-Jaffa) ...................... 5.68 5.68 3.55 3.09 3.17 3.22 3.43 3.73 3.73 2.39 1.81 1.56 1.18 0.83 0.69

ITALY Milano (Milan) ............................................ 2.17 2.64 2.36 2.26 0.76 0.22 -0.25 -0.42 -0.28 -0.23 -0.21 -0.09 -0.01 -0.00 — Napoli (Naples) .......................................... 1.53 1.67 1.35 1.23 0.94 0.84 0.21 -0.01 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 Palermo ..................................................... 1.42 1.56 0.96 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.39 0.22 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.02 0.05 Roma (Rome) ............................................ 2.57 2.72 2.48 2.40 1.03 0.54 0.23 0.12 -0.14 -0.24 -0.22 -0.10 -0.01 -0.00 — Torino (Turin) ............................................. 2.56 3.21 2.74 2.58 0.86 0.25 -0.36 -0.58 -0.48 -0.45 -0.40 -0.16 -0.02 -0.00 —

JAPAN Fukuoka-Kitakyushu .................................. 3.66 3.10 2.10 2.10 2.30 1.83 1.77 2.29 1.04 0.73 0.40 0.33 0.12 0.01 0.00 Hiroshima .................................................. 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 0.56 0.98 0.70 0.54 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kyoto ......................................................... 1.70 1.31 1.08 1.08 4.46 0.95 0.15 0.52 0.49 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 — Nagoya ...................................................... 4.24 4.75 2.50 2.50 2.77 2.44 0.89 1.69 0.71 0.44 0.49 0.42 0.15 0.02 0.00 Osaka-Kobe ............................................... 4.22 3.91 4.13 4.13 0.90 0.30 0.71 1.28 0.03 0.20 0.17 0.14 0.05 0.01 0.00 Sapporo ..................................................... 3.37 3.37 3.37 3.37 3.37 2.62 1.55 1.45 1.31 0.26 0.20 0.17 0.06 0.01 0.00 Sendai ....................................................... 4.28 4.28 4.28 4.28 4.28 2.01 1.37 1.72 1.09 0.46 0.43 0.36 0.13 0.01 0.00 Tokyo ........................................................ 3.92 3.92 3.91 2.77 2.66 1.40 1.19 1.42 0.64 0.51 0.50 0.43 0.15 0.02 0.00

JORDAN Amman ...................................................... 8.84 8.85 6.33 5.18 5.08 4.80 2.92 2.92 2.67 0.68 0.68 1.19 1.39 1.35 1.38

KAZAKHSTAN Almaty ....................................................... 4.10 3.89 3.38 3.35 3.00 2.46 1.14 0.96 0.52 0.60 0.82 0.83 0.90 0.87 0.70

KENYA Mombasa ................................................... 5.35 5.35 4.88 4.32 3.23 3.19 3.03 3.13 3.65 3.65 3.59 3.65 3.88 3.90 3.87 Nairobi ....................................................... 7.55 7.56 6.43 5.48 4.86 4.83 4.70 4.72 4.81 4.81 4.43 3.76 3.73 3.72 3.69

KUWAIT Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) .............................. 10.48 10.49 10.55 12.03 4.39 5.17 4.60 4.32 -3.13 4.62 4.61 3.99 2.35 1.47 1.16

KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek ..................................................... 4.22 4.81 6.24 5.88 2.29 2.09 1.59 1.72 2.03 1.82 1.20 1.23 1.43 1.58 1.62

LEBANON Bayrut (Beirut) ........................................... 5.54 5.54 5.35 4.61 9.72 1.58 -0.47 -4.08 -0.39 3.19 3.57 1.76 1.10 0.66 0.50

LIBERIA Monrovia .................................................... 15.99 16.00 9.56 6.09 6.41 7.24 9.18 14.13 -16.18 11.76 6.22 0.77 4.14 3.70 3.45





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Banghazi ................................................... 6.77 6.78 7.00 8.01 6.53 4.17 4.38 5.34 5.34 3.36 3.27 2.65 1.91 1.47 1.10 Tarabulus (Tripoli) ...................................... 4.98 4.98 6.00 10.55 8.54 5.33 5.63 7.01 2.24 2.24 2.23 2.04 1.73 1.38 1.01

MADAGASCAR Antananarivo .............................................. 1.24 5.79 3.34 3.93 4.48 4.92 4.91 4.91 4.20 3.04 3.10 3.33 3.44 3.39 3.32

MALAYSIA Johore Bharu ............................................. 6.79 5.43 4.54 4.55 5.98 5.99 5.22 5.22 4.28 4.01 4.68 4.53 3.24 1.94 1.31 Klang ......................................................... 8.36 5.17 3.11 3.11 5.29 5.32 5.82 5.83 6.01 6.07 5.93 5.68 3.75 1.99 1.29 Kuala Lumpur ............................................ 6.02 4.02 2.73 2.73 7.13 7.13 1.96 1.96 1.58 1.47 1.47 1.56 1.89 1.72 1.26

MALI Bamako ..................................................... 4.51 3.15 3.91 6.76 9.86 5.96 4.35 4.10 3.96 3.97 4.18 4.44 4.41 4.24 3.99

MEXICO Aguascalientes .......................................... 3.05 3.05 3.72 3.80 4.64 4.67 6.39 6.17 2.69 3.02 2.42 2.25 1.51 0.96 0.73 Chihuahua ................................................. 7.94 7.89 3.96 3.93 3.66 3.64 2.67 2.69 2.94 1.77 2.15 2.03 1.44 0.97 0.74 Ciudad de México (Mexico City) ................. 5.53 5.53 5.67 5.52 3.96 3.93 1.62 1.64 1.87 1.39 0.78 0.79 0.71 0.50 0.30 Ciudad Juárez ............................................ 7.60 7.56 4.57 4.42 2.80 2.82 3.92 3.93 4.19 4.11 1.32 1.30 1.14 0.88 0.67 Culiacán .................................................... 5.51 5.54 7.06 6.95 5.76 5.78 6.95 6.69 2.60 1.63 1.10 1.13 1.12 0.94 0.75 Guadalajara ............................................... 7.70 7.67 5.55 5.43 4.11 4.09 2.83 2.82 2.61 1.53 1.80 1.69 1.17 0.73 0.51 León de los Aldamas .................................. 8.97 8.92 4.63 4.59 4.15 4.13 2.82 2.84 3.19 2.70 2.04 1.92 1.35 0.88 0.66 Mérida ....................................................... 3.74 3.72 2.46 2.70 5.28 5.26 3.79 3.73 2.83 2.06 1.85 1.77 1.33 0.94 0.72 Mexicali ..................................................... 9.76 9.69 4.27 4.12 2.51 2.56 5.80 5.60 2.57 2.21 1.99 1.89 1.38 0.95 0.73 Monterrey .................................................. 6.75 6.74 6.02 5.90 4.54 4.51 2.64 2.64 2.65 1.96 1.83 1.72 1.19 0.75 0.53 Puebla ....................................................... 5.07 5.07 5.34 5.37 5.71 5.69 4.03 3.80 0.07 2.40 2.02 1.89 1.30 0.83 0.60 Querétaro .................................................. 3.18 3.21 5.32 5.40 6.26 6.31 9.66 9.30 3.58 3.39 2.71 2.50 1.59 0.96 0.71 Saltillo ....................................................... 3.47 3.49 5.07 5.11 5.51 5.51 5.47 5.34 3.21 2.16 2.28 2.14 1.49 0.98 0.75 San Luis Potosí .......................................... 4.48 4.47 3.78 3.84 4.46 4.44 3.43 3.41 3.04 2.06 2.09 1.97 1.40 0.94 0.71 Tijuana ...................................................... 9.38 9.35 6.39 6.20 4.13 4.15 5.53 5.54 5.82 4.71 2.69 2.47 1.54 0.89 0.65 Toluca de Lerdo ......................................... 5.13 5.14 5.35 6.03 13.37 13.22 3.33 3.32 3.22 7.35 1.11 1.12 1.06 0.85 0.66 Torreón ...................................................... 6.08 6.04 2.46 2.62 4.37 4.34 2.48 2.43 1.55 1.22 1.73 1.66 1.28 0.91 0.69

MONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar ............................................... 9.40 9.40 6.53 3.63 3.59 3.43 3.04 3.00 2.90 2.89 2.30 1.41 1.25 1.31 1.25

MOROCCO Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) ......................... 4.35 4.36 4.43 4.43 3.50 3.25 2.64 2.17 1.91 0.62 0.62 0.80 1.24 1.34 1.21 Fès ............................................................ 5.33 5.31 2.75 2.75 3.18 3.30 3.05 2.86 2.72 2.04 2.04 1.92 1.67 1.52 1.37 Marrakech ................................................. 1.53 1.54 2.83 2.83 2.57 2.51 3.07 3.50 3.26 2.07 2.07 1.95 1.69 1.54 1.39 Rabat ........................................................ 4.72 4.74 7.51 7.51 5.23 4.62 3.99 3.50 3.22 1.77 1.77 1.70 1.55 1.44 1.30

MOZAMBIQUE Maputo ...................................................... 6.79 6.80 7.17 7.18 4.09 3.78 3.44 3.43 3.43 3.47 3.94 3.90 3.40 3.03 2.71

MYANMAR Mandalay ................................................... 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 3.30 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.44 2.44 2.26 2.01 Nay Pyi Taw ............................................... — — — — — — — — — — — 57.77 2.79 2.30 2.01 Yangon ...................................................... 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.04 2.15 2.04 1.81

NEPAL Kathmandu ................................................ 1.06 1.58 2.06 2.17 4.02 4.47 5.56 5.83 4.92 4.70 4.71 4.67 4.43 4.12 3.78

NETHERLANDS Amsterdam ................................................ 0.47 0.54 1.02 -0.31 1.07 -0.79 -0.73 0.62 1.09 0.34 0.36 0.41 0.39 0.26 0.21 Rotterdam .................................................. 2.11 1.97 0.62 0.01 -0.85 -0.33 0.37 0.47 0.62 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.35 0.26 0.22

NEW ZEALAND Auckland ................................................... 3.86 2.57 3.79 3.54 2.76 1.20 0.96 1.38 2.30 1.71 2.24 2.10 1.14 0.60 0.47

NICARAGUA Managua ................................................... 5.92 5.92 6.04 6.20 3.82 3.37 3.37 3.37 3.26 0.50 0.50 0.75 1.46 1.68 1.54

NIGER Niamey ...................................................... 8.59 8.59 7.86 8.31 8.55 6.47 4.56 4.55 4.54 4.55 4.36 3.88 4.06 4.56 5.00

NIGERIA Abuja ......................................................... 3.34 2.07 4.58 9.69 9.69 9.69 9.68 9.69 9.31 9.16 9.16 8.32 4.98 3.00 2.45 Benin City .................................................. 5.92 5.81 6.27 7.22 7.22 7.22 7.21 7.22 4.08 2.85 2.85 2.94 3.10 2.88 2.52 Ibadan ....................................................... 3.09 2.89 3.20 3.83 3.83 3.83 3.82 3.83 2.73 2.30 2.30 2.45 2.85 2.75 2.41





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Ilorin .......................................................... 5.83 4.55 4.29 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.20 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.54 3.00 2.92 2.59 Kaduna ...................................................... 9.64 12.51 11.22 8.60 8.60 8.61 6.11 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.53 2.94 2.84 2.50 Kano .......................................................... 6.12 7.59 8.09 9.12 9.12 9.12 6.42 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.51 2.86 2.73 2.39 Lagos ........................................................ 8.57 9.74 7.97 4.38 5.81 6.17 6.16 6.16 4.50 3.85 3.85 3.74 3.19 2.61 2.22 Maiduguri ................................................... 7.42 8.71 7.99 6.54 6.54 6.55 4.87 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.53 2.98 2.90 2.57 Ogbomosho ............................................... 6.16 7.68 5.96 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.49 2.64 3.01 2.90 2.56 Port Harcourt ............................................. 9.08 8.51 7.65 5.93 5.93 5.93 4.51 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.54 2.97 2.88 2.55 Zaria .......................................................... 7.91 10.41 8.82 5.61 5.61 5.61 4.32 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.55 2.99 2.90 2.57

NORWAY Oslo .......................................................... 2.61 1.61 1.09 1.05 0.04 -0.04 0.60 0.64 1.28 1.19 1.07 0.99 0.63 0.54 0.57

PAKISTAN Faisalabad ................................................. 8.84 8.71 6.04 5.69 4.45 3.47 3.43 3.43 3.43 3.41 2.97 2.64 2.81 2.82 2.63 Gujranwala ................................................ 4.73 4.88 5.19 5.24 5.69 6.05 4.00 3.69 3.69 3.66 3.15 2.74 2.89 2.90 2.71 Hyderabad ................................................. 5.92 5.91 3.49 3.17 2.59 2.12 2.46 2.51 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.64 2.89 2.91 2.71 Islamabad .................................................. 2.19 2.19 4.20 4.47 8.39 11.50 6.33 5.54 5.54 5.46 4.17 3.00 2.99 2.99 2.80 Karachi ...................................................... 5.93 5.33 5.21 5.20 4.92 4.71 3.56 3.39 3.39 3.36 2.85 2.44 2.59 2.61 2.42 Lahore ....................................................... 4.02 4.26 4.39 4.41 4.00 3.67 3.24 3.17 3.17 3.16 2.78 2.50 2.68 2.69 2.50 Multan ....................................................... 5.93 6.38 3.90 3.57 3.56 3.55 2.92 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.69 2.66 2.88 2.90 2.71 Peshawar ................................................... 3.03 3.70 2.12 1.91 5.66 8.63 3.98 3.27 3.27 3.26 2.94 2.72 2.91 2.92 2.73 Quetta ....................................................... 2.43 2.36 3.17 3.27 5.44 7.16 4.38 3.96 3.96 3.93 3.34 2.85 2.98 3.00 2.80 Rawalpindi ................................................. 3.49 3.63 4.93 5.10 3.94 3.03 3.31 3.36 3.36 3.34 2.96 2.68 2.86 2.87 2.68

PANAMA Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) .............. 5.05 5.05 4.80 4.72 2.97 2.98 3.24 3.22 2.36 2.36 2.51 2.52 2.04 1.59 1.24

PARAGUAY Asunción ................................................... 3.95 3.95 3.76 3.60 3.39 3.25 3.42 3.54 3.32 3.15 3.13 2.83 2.30 1.91 1.61

PERU Arequipa .................................................... 2.21 2.21 5.02 5.73 4.76 4.16 2.91 2.59 2.39 2.08 2.08 1.93 1.46 1.20 1.06 Lima .......................................................... 4.99 4.99 5.26 5.32 4.30 3.66 2.84 2.63 2.27 1.70 1.70 1.56 1.12 0.87 0.74

PHILIPPINES Cebu ......................................................... 3.56 3.53 3.17 3.18 3.48 3.39 2.19 2.17 1.53 1.75 1.76 1.83 2.14 2.02 1.65 Davao ........................................................ 6.22 6.16 5.41 5.38 4.24 4.57 3.31 3.31 3.17 2.81 2.80 2.78 2.52 2.00 1.56 Manila ....................................................... 3.85 3.89 4.37 4.45 6.94 3.50 2.91 2.93 3.30 1.15 1.55 1.61 1.84 1.66 1.28 Zamboanga ............................................... 2.12 2.27 4.10 3.99 0.84 10.07 2.52 2.53 2.71 3.47 3.50 3.44 2.86 2.11 1.64

POLAND Kraków (Cracow) ....................................... 3.28 3.32 2.09 1.97 2.15 1.64 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.21 0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.00 -0.00 Lódz .......................................................... 1.61 1.33 0.78 0.73 0.95 0.71 0.13 0.13 -0.26 -0.64 -0.73 -0.67 -0.24 -0.02 -0.00 Warszawa (Warsaw) .................................. 4.08 3.46 1.59 1.41 2.10 1.61 0.40 0.40 0.29 0.17 0.33 0.36 0.13 0.01 0.00

PORTUGAL Lisboa (Lisbon) .......................................... 1.50 1.50 1.81 1.84 2.93 3.04 0.56 0.15 0.49 0.55 0.66 0.91 0.72 0.41 0.18 Porto ......................................................... 1.41 1.41 0.98 0.93 1.73 1.81 0.63 0.43 0.72 0.77 0.86 1.05 0.83 0.52 0.29

PUERTO RICO San Juan ................................................... 2.76 2.83 4.32 4.26 3.10 3.05 2.08 2.16 3.74 3.74 3.03 1.15 0.27 0.06 0.00

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Goyang ...................................................... 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 14.28 8.25 2.88 2.21 0.92 0.14 0.00 Bucheon .................................................... 5.00 5.00 4.99 5.00 5.00 13.48 14.42 8.08 3.39 -0.23 1.77 1.70 0.74 0.13 0.00 Incheon ..................................................... 4.26 4.26 4.59 4.67 4.65 5.91 5.00 5.38 4.82 1.62 0.51 0.41 0.19 0.02 0.00 Gwangju .................................................... 5.68 5.68 4.39 4.85 4.18 3.59 4.33 4.57 2.16 1.49 0.97 0.84 0.39 0.05 0.00 Busan ........................................................ 1.97 1.97 3.36 5.67 5.76 5.02 2.32 1.59 0.18 -0.75 -0.78 -0.64 -0.21 -0.02 -0.00 Seongnam ................................................. 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 3.64 3.75 9.10 1.59 0.48 0.42 0.28 0.08 0.00 Seoul ......................................................... 8.38 8.38 7.60 8.62 4.96 3.86 2.90 1.99 -0.55 -0.67 -0.19 -0.13 -0.05 -0.00 -0.00 Suweon ..................................................... 2.01 2.01 10.81 1.66 5.45 6.41 6.54 7.97 3.50 4.42 2.13 1.72 0.73 0.10 0.00 Daegu ....................................................... 6.19 6.19 4.01 5.26 4.26 3.99 4.65 2.06 1.88 0.36 -0.10 -0.08 0.02 0.00 0.00 Daejon ....................................................... 5.33 5.33 5.45 6.17 4.49 4.92 5.64 3.97 3.85 1.62 1.09 0.95 0.43 0.06 0.00 Ulsan ......................................................... 8.27 8.27 8.27 8.27 9.41 9.92 5.81 4.36 6.80 1.36 0.69 0.62 0.34 0.07 0.00

ROMANIA Bucuresti (Bucharest) ................................. 5.45 3.17 2.83 3.80 3.96 1.83 0.90 0.90 -0.21 -0.69 -0.13 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.00

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chelyabinsk ............................................... 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.13 1.84 1.59 0.98 0.56 -0.45 -0.40 0.21 -0.11 -0.04 -0.00 -0.00 Yekaterinburg ............................................ 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.45 1.84 1.64 1.14 0.70 -0.35 -0.35 0.06 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.00 Kazan ........................................................ 2.68 2.69 2.68 2.57 1.48 1.33 0.96 0.67 -0.01 0.07 0.29 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Krasnoyarsk .............................................. 4.11 4.11 4.11 3.94 2.29 2.01 1.34 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.18 0.23 0.08 0.01 0.00 Moskva (Moscow) ...................................... 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.30 1.06 0.93 0.47 1.70 0.78 0.15 0.05 0.01 0.00 Nizhniy Novgorod ....................................... 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.93 1.54 1.28 0.65 0.27 -0.65 -0.65 -0.69 -0.26 -0.09 -0.01 -0.00 Novosibirsk ................................................ 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.35 1.36 1.22 0.87 0.60 -0.03 -0.03 -0.38 -0.35 -0.12 -0.01 -0.00 Omsk ......................................................... 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.07 2.35 2.02 1.22 0.84 -0.07 -0.07 0.08 -0.20 -0.07 -0.01 -0.00 Perm .......................................................... 2.74 2.74 2.73 2.65 1.79 1.51 0.83 0.41 -0.59 -0.59 -0.43 0.22 0.08 0.01 0.00 Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) ............... 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.44 1.87 1.57 0.85 0.71 0.38 0.38 -0.10 -0.17 -0.06 -0.01 -0.00 Samara ...................................................... 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.31 1.66 1.27 0.31 0.05 -0.58 -0.58 -0.48 -0.34 -0.12 -0.01 -0.00 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) ............ 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.66 1.42 0.84 0.59 -0.62 -0.45 -0.59 -0.36 -0.13 -0.01 -0.00 Saratov ...................................................... 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.32 1.35 1.12 0.55 0.31 -0.25 -0.25 -0.60 -0.52 -0.19 -0.02 -0.00 Ufa ............................................................ 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.09 2.51 2.10 1.10 0.70 -0.27 -0.27 -0.29 -0.67 -0.24 -0.02 -0.00 Volgograd .................................................. 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.79 1.41 1.21 0.72 0.54 0.11 0.11 -0.32 -0.43 -0.15 -0.02 -0.00 Voronezh ................................................... 3.52 3.52 3.52 3.37 1.90 1.70 1.22 0.77 -0.30 -0.30 -0.17 -0.16 -0.06 -0.01 -0.00

RWANDA Kigali ......................................................... 6.66 6.35 5.48 5.48 8.22 7.18 5.36 5.36 5.50 10.89 8.86 4.01 3.93 4.08 3.87

SAUDI ARABIA Al-Madinah (Medina) .................................. 1.30 1.30 5.75 10.21 9.57 6.22 6.21 6.22 4.69 3.45 3.45 3.15 2.36 1.85 1.56 Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) .................................... 3.36 3.36 7.54 11.72 11.11 7.91 7.90 7.91 5.33 3.23 3.23 2.93 2.14 1.64 1.35 Ad-Dammam .............................................. 5.54 5.55 7.74 9.93 9.52 7.36 7.36 7.36 5.30 3.63 3.62 3.29 2.42 1.88 1.58 Jiddah ........................................................ 1.77 1.77 6.58 11.40 10.72 7.17 7.17 7.17 4.66 2.63 2.62 2.49 2.06 1.69 1.40 Makkah (Mecca) ........................................ 0.56 0.56 3.85 7.15 6.86 5.37 5.36 5.37 3.76 2.45 2.45 2.38 2.11 1.79 1.52

SENEGAL Dakar ........................................................ 2.13 8.46 5.49 5.12 4.95 4.05 3.88 3.79 3.67 3.68 3.64 3.20 2.74 2.58 2.52

SERBIA Beograd (Belgrade) .................................... 3.96 2.80 2.39 2.32 3.61 3.83 1.18 0.71 -0.22 -0.39 -0.38 -0.18 0.22 0.43 0.54

SIERRA LEONE Freetown ................................................... 2.62 2.62 4.41 6.59 6.39 4.82 4.82 2.83 2.62 2.63 2.62 2.60 2.82 3.08 3.16

SINGAPORE Singapore .................................................. 5.02 4.48 2.81 1.97 1.73 1.30 2.30 2.15 2.85 2.88 1.49 1.19 0.92 0.64 0.55

SOMALIA Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ............................... 1.10 5.08 8.77 12.53 9.81 4.27 6.09 6.52 2.04 0.92 3.28 1.17 3.58 3.55 3.33

SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town ................................................ 2.62 2.62 3.25 3.29 3.68 3.68 3.59 2.25 2.10 2.52 2.57 1.68 0.86 0.69 0.64 Durban ...................................................... 3.36 3.36 2.34 2.34 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.77 2.60 2.12 1.49 0.85 0.71 0.66 Ekurhuleni (East Rand) .............................. 2.23 2.23 2.76 2.75 2.09 2.09 2.23 4.26 4.26 4.11 3.85 2.26 0.94 0.70 0.65 Johannesburg ............................................ 2.43 2.43 2.32 2.29 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 3.53 3.75 3.52 2.10 0.90 0.68 0.63 Port Elizabeth ............................................ 4.05 4.05 5.06 5.01 2.12 2.12 2.28 4.48 1.93 1.00 0.87 1.02 0.91 0.85 0.80 Pretoria ...................................................... 4.21 4.21 3.02 2.95 1.97 1.97 2.07 3.56 0.85 2.61 3.22 2.04 1.01 0.81 0.76 Vereeniging ................................................ 4.71 4.71 4.95 4.93 3.87 3.87 4.00 5.98 1.48 2.30 2.72 1.83 1.01 0.84 0.79

SPAIN Barcelona .................................................. 3.01 3.20 3.43 3.46 1.10 0.84 0.68 0.65 1.03 1.09 1.09 0.98 0.44 0.05 0.00 Madrid ....................................................... 3.43 3.40 3.84 3.89 2.00 1.78 0.47 0.27 1.26 1.41 1.41 1.25 0.52 0.06 0.00 Valencia ..................................................... 0.05 -0.08 2.31 2.58 1.50 1.38 0.47 0.34 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.29 0.36 0.24 0.14

SUDAN Al-Khartum (Khartoum) ............................... 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 5.98 5.45 6.50 7.63 6.35 3.95 2.69 2.75 3.17 2.88 2.46

SWEDEN Stockholm .................................................. 0.82 0.82 4.40 0.63 -0.39 -0.46 0.41 0.51 1.83 1.16 0.69 0.58 0.35 0.27 0.26

SWITZERLAND Zürich (Zurich) ........................................... 0.81 0.81 2.74 2.92 0.08 -0.18 3.37 3.69 0.83 0.56 0.39 0.35 0.26 0.29 0.37

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Dimashq (Damascus) ................................. 4.56 4.56 4.56 4.56 4.11 4.08 2.33 1.79 1.79 2.00 2.62 2.76 2.17 1.99 1.81 Halab (Aleppo) ........................................... 4.07 4.07 4.07 4.07 3.95 3.95 3.76 3.70 3.70 3.45 3.02 2.77 2.15 1.98 1.80 Hims (Homs) .............................................. 4.56 4.56 4.56 4.56 4.36 4.35 3.85 3.70 3.70 3.48 3.14 2.91 2.30 2.12 1.94

THAILAND Krung Thep (Bangkok) ............................... 4.60 4.57 3.67 3.70 4.23 4.13 2.23 2.18 0.73 0.73 0.78 0.99 1.16 1.26 1.30

TOGO Lomé ......................................................... 10.50 10.51 7.43 6.63 5.85 5.85 6.06 5.70 5.02 5.02 5.02 4.77 3.99 3.36 2.93





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

TURKEY Adana ........................................................ 7.20 6.40 4.61 3.23 3.14 3.77 5.90 3.45 2.18 2.10 2.06 1.80 1.47 1.20 0.97 Ankara ....................................................... 8.94 7.41 8.13 6.81 4.85 2.03 3.14 2.92 2.08 2.25 2.33 1.80 1.34 1.05 0.82 Antalya ...................................................... 6.40 6.40 6.39 6.02 5.99 7.38 6.45 7.34 4.83 4.67 4.25 2.63 1.62 1.27 1.04 Bursa ......................................................... 4.33 3.59 6.20 1.53 1.21 6.54 4.67 6.08 3.62 3.69 3.60 2.34 1.51 1.18 0.95 Gaziantep .................................................. 5.93 5.05 5.09 2.62 2.45 4.28 4.87 4.65 3.54 3.47 3.22 2.24 1.54 1.23 1.00 Istanbul ..................................................... 5.10 3.04 6.40 6.52 5.23 4.00 4.14 3.84 3.14 2.63 2.09 1.62 1.19 0.91 0.68 Izmir .......................................................... 5.30 4.01 9.00 8.98 3.55 3.00 3.83 3.35 2.43 2.39 2.31 1.82 1.39 1.10 0.88 Konya ........................................................ 7.18 5.36 5.50 0.51 0.18 6.63 4.64 3.20 3.66 3.69 3.42 2.32 1.57 1.25 1.02

UGANDA Kampala .................................................... 2.90 4.42 9.61 8.49 3.14 3.29 4.77 4.77 3.79 3.68 3.68 3.84 4.29 4.72 4.88

UKRAINE Dnipropetrovs'k .......................................... 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.43 2.35 1.95 0.98 0.47 -0.77 -0.77 -0.40 -0.20 -0.06 -0.00 -0.00 Donets'k .................................................... 2.08 2.08 2.08 2.04 1.66 1.42 0.82 0.38 -0.67 -0.67 -0.56 -0.39 -0.11 -0.01 -0.00 Kharkiv ...................................................... 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.39 1.85 1.61 1.03 0.54 -0.66 -0.66 -0.27 -0.09 -0.03 -0.00 -0.00 Kyiv (Kiev) ................................................. 3.55 3.55 3.55 3.50 3.03 2.68 1.81 1.32 0.13 0.13 0.50 0.56 0.16 0.01 0.00 Odesa ....................................................... 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.56 1.77 1.40 0.51 0.21 -0.52 -0.52 -0.65 -0.53 -0.15 -0.01 -0.00 Zaporizhzhya ............................................. 3.77 3.77 3.77 3.60 1.90 1.70 1.20 0.67 -0.60 -0.60 -0.62 -0.48 -0.14 -0.01 -0.00

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubayy (Dubai) .......................................... 6.93 6.93 4.71 9.26 14.63 8.39 6.07 6.32 6.36 7.35 6.08 3.51 2.40 2.05 1.85

UNITED KINGDOM Birmingham ................................................ 0.48 0.48 0.17 0.11 -0.04 -0.07 -0.23 -0.25 -0.09 -0.05 -0.02 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.07 Glasgow .................................................... 0.24 0.24 -0.31 -0.42 -1.60 -1.83 -1.82 -1.82 -0.52 -0.26 -0.19 0.07 0.19 0.20 0.17 Liverpool .................................................... 0.01 0.01 -0.74 -0.89 -4.52 -5.23 0.11 1.06 -0.05 -0.26 -0.18 0.11 0.24 0.25 0.22 London ...................................................... -0.20 -0.20 -0.81 -0.93 0.10 0.30 0.02 -0.03 0.65 0.79 0.67 0.24 0.02 0.00 — Manchester ................................................ 0.02 0.02 -0.12 -0.14 -0.22 -0.23 -0.26 -0.26 -0.18 -0.16 -0.12 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.08 Newcastle upon Tyne ................................. 0.28 0.28 -0.46 -0.60 -1.10 -1.20 0.87 1.24 0.14 -0.07 -0.01 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.21 West Yorkshire .......................................... 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.14 -1.29 -1.57 -0.43 -0.22 0.27 0.36 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.16 0.13

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Dar es Salaam ........................................... 9.78 7.80 7.27 8.50 9.43 7.60 4.49 4.58 4.75 4.75 4.72 4.29 3.83 3.56 3.38

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Atlanta ....................................................... 4.14 4.14 4.23 4.18 3.19 3.18 2.91 3.00 4.84 4.84 3.91 1.73 0.80 0.60 0.45 Austin ........................................................ 3.19 3.21 3.46 3.47 3.61 3.63 3.92 3.97 4.73 4.73 3.88 1.86 0.99 0.79 0.64 Baltimore ................................................... 2.00 1.94 0.88 0.90 1.19 1.16 0.54 0.57 1.19 1.19 1.16 1.02 0.84 0.70 0.55 Boston ....................................................... 0.99 1.00 1.25 1.21 0.29 0.29 0.41 0.47 1.66 1.66 1.50 1.04 0.76 0.60 0.46 Bridgeport-Stamford ................................... 4.04 3.91 1.35 1.28 -0.05 -0.04 0.12 0.23 2.25 2.25 1.99 1.34 0.97 0.81 0.66 Buffalo ....................................................... 1.63 1.57 0.30 0.25 -0.81 -0.79 -0.49 -0.45 0.23 0.23 0.46 0.90 0.94 0.81 0.67 Charlotte .................................................... 3.97 3.91 2.88 2.85 2.27 2.29 2.62 2.74 5.10 5.10 4.16 1.96 1.02 0.81 0.67 Chicago ..................................................... 2.14 2.11 1.42 1.36 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.24 1.22 1.22 1.14 0.87 0.65 0.50 0.36 Cincinnati .................................................. 2.12 2.06 1.03 0.99 0.22 0.25 0.80 0.82 1.22 1.22 1.19 1.06 0.89 0.74 0.60 Cleveland .................................................. 2.55 2.47 0.93 0.83 -1.12 -1.09 -0.44 -0.38 0.63 0.63 0.74 0.92 0.86 0.72 0.58 Columbus, Ohio ......................................... 3.43 3.38 2.48 2.38 0.54 0.57 1.26 1.28 1.81 1.81 1.65 1.22 0.93 0.78 0.63 Dallas-Fort Worth ...................................... 5.18 5.10 3.40 3.33 1.96 1.99 2.66 2.66 2.59 2.59 2.20 1.24 0.76 0.59 0.45 Dayton ....................................................... 3.69 3.66 3.13 2.90 -1.42 -1.34 0.30 0.36 1.37 1.37 1.33 1.18 1.00 0.85 0.70 Denver-Aurora ........................................... 4.77 4.67 2.65 2.64 2.55 2.48 1.16 1.23 2.68 2.68 2.29 1.34 0.86 0.69 0.55 Detroit ....................................................... 2.51 2.44 1.15 1.08 -0.41 -0.41 -0.30 -0.26 0.54 0.54 0.64 0.81 0.75 0.61 0.47 El Paso ...................................................... 7.05 6.80 1.97 2.02 2.97 2.94 2.29 2.26 1.67 1.67 1.56 1.24 1.01 0.85 0.71 Hartford ..................................................... 1.27 1.37 3.27 3.16 0.88 0.87 0.69 0.70 0.86 0.86 0.94 1.05 0.97 0.82 0.68 Honolulu .................................................... 3.48 3.42 2.30 2.33 2.75 2.66 0.83 0.85 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.15 0.99 0.85 0.70 Houston ..................................................... 4.87 4.82 3.87 3.86 3.63 3.54 1.85 1.89 2.76 2.76 2.33 1.28 0.77 0.60 0.46 Indianapolis ............................................... 2.41 2.42 2.49 2.38 0.20 0.23 0.89 0.99 2.87 2.87 2.45 1.43 0.93 0.76 0.62 Jacksonville, Florida ................................... 4.28 4.24 3.52 3.40 1.21 1.26 2.11 2.09 1.78 1.78 1.64 1.24 0.97 0.81 0.67 Kansas City ............................................... 2.77 2.71 1.65 1.56 -0.14 -0.07 1.38 1.36 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.03 0.90 0.76 0.61 Las Vegas ................................................. 9.67 9.68 9.73 9.55 6.04 5.97 4.77 4.85 6.34 6.34 5.08 2.15 0.95 0.72 0.58 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana .......... 4.84 4.73 2.52 2.46 1.27 1.27 1.36 1.33 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.74 0.60 0.45 0.31 Louisville .................................................... 2.49 2.47 1.98 1.89 0.29 0.27 -0.08 -0.01 1.34 1.34 1.31 1.15 0.97 0.82 0.67 Memphis .................................................... 2.93 2.89 1.98 1.96 1.54 1.50 0.63 0.68 1.64 1.64 1.53 1.20 0.95 0.80 0.66 Miami ........................................................ 7.91 7.75 4.55 4.52 3.81 3.74 2.40 2.40 2.20 2.20 1.90 1.13 0.73 0.57 0.42 Milwaukee ................................................. 3.27 3.15 0.85 0.79 -0.37 -0.34 0.16 0.18 0.65 0.65 0.77 0.96 0.90 0.76 0.62 Minneapolis-St. Paul .................................. 3.33 3.27 2.13 2.05 0.48 0.53 1.51 1.51 1.38 1.39 1.30 1.04 0.83 0.67 0.53 Nashville-Davidson ..................................... 2.92 2.90 2.57 2.52 1.45 1.43 1.01 1.09 2.69 2.69 2.33 1.45 1.00 0.83 0.68 New Orleans .............................................. 2.48 2.42 1.29 1.28 1.14 1.07 -0.36 -0.36 -0.30 -0.30 -0.26 -0.27 -0.10 0.50 0.68 New York-Newark ...................................... 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.29 -0.39 -0.35 0.29 0.32 1.04 1.04 0.97 0.74 0.54 0.39 0.25 Oklahoma City ........................................... 4.45 4.33 2.13 2.10 1.44 1.44 1.47 1.42 0.51 0.51 0.68 0.99 0.98 0.85 0.70 Orlando ..................................................... 10.10 9.81 4.19 4.30 6.36 6.26 4.30 4.22 2.66 2.66 2.30 1.39 0.94 0.77 0.62





1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

2010-2015

2015-2020

2020-2025

Philadelphia ............................................... 2.31 2.25 1.14 1.10 0.32 0.32 0.39 0.41 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.85 0.71 0.57 0.43 Phoenix-Mesa ............................................ 9.38 9.14 4.47 4.49 4.90 4.83 3.53 3.54 3.71 3.71 3.06 1.51 0.82 0.63 0.49 Pittsburgh .................................................. 1.63 1.56 0.23 0.21 -0.20 -0.22 -0.75 -0.69 0.43 0.43 0.59 0.88 0.86 0.72 0.58 Portland ..................................................... 2.40 2.40 2.36 2.35 2.18 2.14 1.33 1.41 3.01 3.01 2.55 1.43 0.90 0.72 0.58 Providence ................................................. 1.11 1.14 1.76 1.71 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.57 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.08 0.92 0.78 0.63 Richmond .................................................. 2.56 2.66 4.38 4.24 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.66 1.66 1.55 1.22 0.98 0.82 0.68 Riverside-San Bernardino ........................... 10.22 9.94 4.36 4.23 1.89 2.05 5.06 4.94 2.53 2.53 2.19 1.34 0.90 0.73 0.59 Rochester .................................................. 1.87 1.88 1.98 1.88 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.27 1.14 1.14 1.16 1.13 1.00 0.85 0.71 Sacramento ............................................... 7.58 7.37 3.38 3.33 2.28 2.33 3.20 3.16 2.39 2.39 2.09 1.32 0.91 0.74 0.60 Salt Lake City ............................................ 4.27 4.22 3.18 3.20 3.41 3.32 1.58 1.56 1.17 1.17 1.18 1.11 0.96 0.82 0.67 San Antonio ............................................... 3.56 3.48 1.85 1.86 2.01 2.00 1.78 1.77 1.62 1.62 1.50 1.16 0.91 0.76 0.61 San Diego .................................................. 6.58 6.43 3.60 3.60 3.52 3.51 3.21 3.11 1.30 1.30 1.23 1.01 0.81 0.66 0.52 San Francisco-Oakland .............................. 1.71 1.70 1.42 1.37 0.48 0.51 1.09 1.08 0.89 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.78 0.64 0.49 San Jose ................................................... 12.28 11.93 5.11 4.94 1.78 1.76 1.34 1.33 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.04 0.89 0.74 0.60 Seattle ....................................................... 3.13 3.15 3.63 3.51 1.32 1.37 2.15 2.15 2.12 2.12 1.85 1.18 0.81 0.65 0.51 St. Louis .................................................... 1.74 1.72 1.21 1.14 -0.18 -0.15 0.52 0.52 0.65 0.65 0.75 0.90 0.84 0.70 0.56 Tampa-St. Petersburg ................................ 7.57 7.35 3.21 3.28 4.49 4.39 2.32 2.30 1.88 1.88 1.68 1.16 0.85 0.69 0.55 Tucson ...................................................... 11.11 10.69 2.57 2.66 4.25 4.17 2.52 2.51 2.18 2.18 1.95 1.35 1.00 0.84 0.69 Virginia Beach ............................................ 6.21 6.03 2.57 2.51 1.38 1.41 1.88 1.83 0.83 0.83 0.90 0.99 0.90 0.75 0.61 Washington, D.C. ...................................... 3.40 3.39 3.16 3.06 1.07 1.12 1.96 1.95 1.57 1.57 1.42 1.02 0.76 0.60 0.46

URUGUAY Montevideo ................................................ 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.72 0.72 0.50 0.49 -0.30 -0.47 -0.28 0.03 0.12 0.06

UZBEKISTAN Tashkent ................................................... 2.22 2.68 3.80 3.71 2.78 2.40 1.48 1.41 0.15 0.17 0.22 0.80 1.46 1.74 1.85

VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REP. OF) Barquisimeto .............................................. 6.22 6.22 4.95 4.76 4.26 4.08 2.67 2.18 2.42 2.44 2.41 2.06 1.54 1.18 0.91 Caracas ..................................................... 6.40 6.40 4.62 4.35 2.56 1.90 0.90 0.54 0.35 0.34 0.46 1.11 1.30 1.04 0.77 Maracaibo .................................................. 5.29 5.29 3.51 3.24 3.20 3.19 3.41 3.49 2.82 2.78 2.72 2.15 1.48 1.09 0.82 Maracay .................................................... 5.97 5.97 8.25 8.60 6.54 5.79 5.21 5.00 1.78 1.56 1.60 1.71 1.51 1.19 0.93 Valencia ..................................................... 5.25 5.26 6.49 6.67 5.62 5.23 4.15 3.77 2.31 2.94 3.87 2.67 1.57 1.11 0.84

VIET NAM Hai Phòng .................................................. 7.91 7.91 6.35 6.36 6.56 5.77 1.30 1.34 1.45 1.46 1.91 2.53 2.63 2.50 2.36 Hà Noi ....................................................... 8.31 8.31 7.08 7.09 7.31 6.49 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.83 2.11 2.49 2.52 2.39 2.25 Thành Pho Ho Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City) 1.43 1.43 4.64 4.64 4.64 4.16 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.46 1.86 2.41 2.49 2.36 2.22

YEMEN Al-Hudaydah .............................................. 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 7.36 7.70 7.70 7.70 6.95 5.19 4.30 3.86 Sana'a' ...................................................... 4.48 4.48 4.29 4.29 4.80 10.51 10.50 9.72 9.18 5.55 5.54 5.28 4.62 4.14 3.73 Ta'izz ......................................................... 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.81 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.34 5.02 4.30 3.87

ZAMBIA Lusaka ...................................................... 10.71 10.71 11.26 11.05 6.52 6.52 3.54 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.23 2.39 2.20 2.49 2.60

ZIMBABWE Harare ....................................................... 5.89 5.16 5.01 5.36 4.91 2.93 4.66 5.95 3.62 1.89 1.88 1.87 2.01 2.05 1.97



Table A.15. Percentage of the urban population residing in each urban agglomerationwith 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025


PercentageCountry and agglomeration

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

AFGHANISTAN Kabul ......................................................... 27.3 30.7 34.3 37.2 36.1 38.1 44.7 55.5 56.3 44.8 44.5 52.2 50.0 49.1 48.0 46.7

ALGERIA El Djazaïr (Algiers) .................................... 26.6 24.5 26.5 23.4 23.1 23.2 19.8 15.8 14.5 14.5 15.1 15.4 15.2 14.8 14.5 14.2 Wahran (Oran) ........................................... 13.8 11.3 9.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 6.6 5.7 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

ANGOLA Huambo ..................................................... 4.9 5.9 7.1 7.0 6.7 7.3 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.5 8.9 9.6 9.9 9.8 9.7 Luanda ...................................................... 44.1 43.2 42.0 45.8 50.5 51.0 50.5 46.0 40.1 36.0 38.0 40.7 44.1 45.5 44.8 43.7

ARGENTINA Buenos Aires ............................................. 45.5 44.0 43.5 43.0 42.9 41.5 40.5 38.6 37.1 36.1 35.6 35.5 34.8 33.8 32.7 31.7 Córdoba .................................................... 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 Mendoza .................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 Rosario ...................................................... 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 San Miguel de Tucumán ............................. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1

ARMENIA Yerevan ..................................................... 59.2 58.8 56.2 52.8 51.6 50.7 51.0 50.1 49.1 53.4 55.4 57.0 57.9 57.8 57.2 56.6

AUSTRALIA Adelaide .................................................... 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.8 Brisbane .................................................... 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.9 8.5 8.9 9.2 9.5 9.6 9.9 10.3 10.4 10.2 10.0 Melbourne ................................................. 21.0 21.6 22.1 21.5 21.5 21.9 22.0 21.9 21.6 20.9 20.6 20.3 20.2 19.9 19.5 19.0 Perth ......................................................... 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.6 6.6 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.1 Sydney ...................................................... 26.7 26.1 25.5 24.8 24.6 25.3 25.7 25.6 25.2 24.7 24.4 23.8 23.3 22.8 22.2 21.7

AUSTRIA Wien (Vienna) ............................................ 47.3 46.8 45.8 44.0 42.5 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.2 40.2 40.4 41.1 41.8 41.8 41.1 40.2

AZERBAIJAN Baku .......................................................... 72.9 62.3 54.1 50.7 49.3 48.4 48.4 46.5 44.7 43.4 43.3 43.4 42.7 41.7 40.9 40.1

BANGLADESH Chittagong ................................................. 15.4 14.2 12.9 13.2 13.6 13.1 10.2 9.4 9.0 9.4 10.1 10.6 10.7 10.5 10.2 9.9 Dhaka ........................................................ 17.9 18.0 18.2 21.5 25.9 28.6 24.7 26.5 29.6 30.4 31.3 32.0 31.6 30.7 29.6 28.6 Khulna ....................................................... 2.2 3.0 4.3 5.1 5.8 6.1 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 Rajshahi .................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8

BELARUS Minsk ........................................................ 14.0 18.4 20.8 21.9 23.4 23.6 24.2 23.8 23.7 23.7 24.2 25.1 26.1 26.6 26.9 27.3

BELGIUM Antwerpen ................................................. 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.8 Bruxelles-Brussel ....................................... 17.9 17.8 17.5 17.3 17.3 17.4 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.5 17.2 17.0 16.8 16.7 16.6

BENIN Cotonou ..................................................... 20.3 18.3 34.0 35.0 34.6 34.1 33.2 30.4 28.2 25.3 23.2 21.2 20.3 19.9 19.7 19.4

BOLIVIA La Paz ....................................................... 34.8 35.2 35.5 35.7 35.8 35.7 33.2 30.8 28.7 28.5 27.0 25.9 25.3 25.0 24.5 24.1 Santa Cruz ................................................ 4.6 5.6 6.8 8.2 9.9 11.9 13.3 14.8 16.6 18.8 20.5 22.4 23.2 23.1 22.7 22.3

BRAZIL Baixada Santista (1) ................................... 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Belém ........................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 Belo Horizonte ........................................... 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 Brasília ...................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 Campinas .................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Campo Grande .......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Cuiabá ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Curitiba ...................................................... 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Florianópolis .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Fortaleza ................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 Goiânia ...................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 Grande São Luís ........................................ 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Grande Vitória ............................................ 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 João Pessoa .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6


Table A.15. Percentage of the urban population residing in each urban agglomeration (continued)



1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Maceió ...................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 Manaus ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Natal .......................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Norte/Nordeste Catarinense (2) .................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Pôrto Alegre ............................................... 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 Recife ........................................................ 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 Rio de Janeiro ............................................ 15.1 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.4 11.3 10.5 9.4 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.5 Salvador .................................................... 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 São Paulo .................................................. 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.9 14.2 14.4 14.7 13.8 13.2 12.7 12.1 11.7 11.4 11.1 10.7 10.4 Teresina .................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

BULGARIA Sofia .......................................................... 26.1 25.5 24.3 21.5 20.0 19.5 19.5 20.4 20.3 20.6 20.5 21.4 22.6 23.5 24.0 24.7

BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou ............................................ 21.6 25.4 27.6 31.9 35.4 38.4 42.8 44.5 43.9 42.9 42.0 40.9 40.3 39.6 38.9 38.2

CAMBODIA Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) ........................ 82.1 75.9 69.7 65.6 81.2 32.0 39.4 41.8 50.3 51.8 53.7 49.5 47.6 46.7 45.9 45.0

CAMEROON Douala ....................................................... 22.7 20.8 20.3 20.1 21.4 20.3 19.7 19.4 18.7 18.1 18.1 18.3 18.4 18.1 17.8 17.4 Yaoundé .................................................... 7.6 8.7 10.0 11.0 13.2 13.7 14.3 15.2 15.1 14.9 15.1 15.4 15.6 15.4 15.1 14.8

CANADA Calgary ...................................................... 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 Edmonton .................................................. 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 Montréal .................................................... 16.0 16.0 16.4 16.5 16.3 16.0 15.2 14.7 14.9 14.5 14.2 13.9 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.1 Ottawa-Gatineau ........................................ 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Toronto ...................................................... 12.8 13.2 14.1 14.6 15.4 15.8 16.2 17.0 17.9 18.4 18.9 19.5 20.0 19.9 19.4 18.9 Vancouver ................................................. 6.6 5.7 5.0 5.8 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.3 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8

CHAD N'Djaména ................................................. 20.5 27.4 35.6 39.3 36.5 35.8 37.4 38.0 37.5 36.9 35.9 35.2 34.8 34.3 33.7 33.1

CHILE Santiago .................................................... 37.2 37.8 38.2 37.0 36.8 38.4 41.0 42.0 42.1 40.9 39.8 39.2 38.6 37.7 36.7 35.7 Valparaíso .................................................. 9.2 8.8 8.3 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6

CHINA (3) Anshan, Liaoning ....................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Anshun ...................................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Anyang ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Baoding ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Baotou ....................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 Beijing ....................................................... 6.0 5.4 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 Bengbu ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Benxi ......................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Changchun ................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 Changde .................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Changsha, Hunan ...................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Changzhou, Jiangsu ................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Chengdu .................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 Chifeng ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Chongqing ................................................. 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 Dalian ........................................................ 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Dandong .................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Daqing ....................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Datong, Shanxi .......................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Dongguan, Guangdong .............................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Foshan ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Fushun, Liaoning ....................................... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Fuxin ......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fuyang ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fuzhou, Fujian ........................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Guangzhou, Guangdong ............................ 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 Guilin ......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Guiyang ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Haerbin ...................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Handan ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hangzhou .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Hefei .......................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Hengyang .................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Heze .......................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Huai'an ...................................................... 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Huaibei ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Huainan ..................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Hohhot ....................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Huzhou ...................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jiamusi ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jiaozuo ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jiaxing ....................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jilin ............................................................ 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Jinan, Shandong ........................................ 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 Jining, Shandong ....................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jinxi, Liaoning ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Jinzhou ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jixi, Heilongjiang ........................................ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Kaifeng ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kaohsiung ................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 Kunming .................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Langfang ................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lanzhou ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Leshan ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Lianyungang .............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Liaoyang .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Linfen ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Linyi, Shandong ......................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Liuan ......................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Liupanshui ................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Liuzhou ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Luoyang .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Luzhou ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Mianyang, Sichuan .................................... 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Mudanjiang ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nanchang .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Nanchong .................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Nanjing, Jiangsu ........................................ 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nanning ..................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Nantong ..................................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nanyang, Henan ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Neijiang ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Ningbo ....................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Pingdingshan, Henan ................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pingxiang, Jiangxi ....................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Qingdao ..................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Qinhuangdao ............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Qiqihaer ..................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Quanzhou .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Shanghai ................................................... 8.4 7.3 6.2 5.3 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 Shangqiu ................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Shantou ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Shaoxing .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Shenyang .................................................. 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Shenzhen .................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 Shijiazhuang .............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Suining, Sichuan ........................................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Suzhou, Anhui ........................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 Suzhou, Jiangsu ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Taian, Shandong ........................................ 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Taichung .................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tainan ....................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Taipei ........................................................ 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Taiyuan, Shanxi ......................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Tangshan, Hebei ........................................ 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Tianjin ........................................................ 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Tianmen .................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Tianshui ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tongliao ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Ürümqi (Wulumqi) ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Weifang ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Wenzhou ................................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Wuhan ...................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Wuhu, Anhui .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wuxi, Jiangsu ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Xiamen ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 Xi'an, Shaanxi ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 Xiangfan, Hubei .......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xiantao ...................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Xianyang, Shaanxi ..................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xingyi, Guizhou .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xining ........................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xinxiang ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xinyang ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Xinyu ......................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xuanzhou .................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xuzhou ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Yancheng, Jiangsu ..................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Yantai ........................................................ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Yibin .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yichang ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yichun, Heilongjiang ................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yichun, Jiangxi ........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yinchuan ................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yingkou ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yiyang, Hunan ........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yongzhou .................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yuci ........................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Yueyang .................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yulin, Guangxi ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zaozhuang ................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 Zhangjiakou ............................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhanjiang ................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Zhaotong ................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zhengzhou ................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu ..................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhuhai ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhuzhou .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zibo ........................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Zigong ....................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zunyi ......................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

CHINA, HONG KONG SAR (4) Hong Kong ................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

COLOMBIA Barranquilla ............................................... 7.2 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 Bucaramanga ............................................ 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 Cali ............................................................ 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.7 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3 Cartagena .................................................. 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 Medellín ..................................................... 9.1 9.3 9.6 9.9 10.2 10.4 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.3 Bogotá ....................................................... 15.3 15.9 16.7 17.8 19.3 20.5 20.0 19.7 19.9 20.4 21.2 22.2 23.1 23.0 22.4 21.7

CONGO Brazzaville ................................................. 41.4 36.4 39.0 42.5 46.1 49.3 51.7 54.5 53.5 52.7 52.8 56.0 60.4 60.4 59.5 58.5

COSTA RICA San José ................................................... 45.6 48.1 50.3 50.6 50.7 51.9 52.0 51.0 47.3 44.7 44.5 45.6 45.8 45.2 44.5 43.7

CÔTE D'IVOIRE Abidjan ...................................................... 26.0 32.2 30.5 29.5 36.7 45.5 44.9 42.7 41.4 40.9 40.8 40.9 40.9 40.3 39.4 38.5

CUBA La Habana (Havana) .................................. 33.4 34.3 34.4 33.9 33.9 30.5 28.6 28.0 27.1 26.9 26.0 25.7 25.3 25.1 24.8 24.5

CZECH REPUBLIC Praha (Prague) ........................................... 19.3 18.3 17.6 17.2 17.1 16.0 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.4 15.3





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

DEM. PEOPLE'S REP. OF KOREA Hamhung ................................................... 5.6 6.4 6.5 6.7 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 N'ampo ...................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.9 6.3 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 P'yongyang ................................................ 17.1 16.9 14.7 13.8 12.8 14.8 18.8 20.3 21.5 22.1 22.6 22.4 22.0 21.5 21.0 20.5

DEM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Kananga .................................................... 1.0 1.8 4.0 5.4 6.8 5.3 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 Kinshasa ................................................... 8.7 10.4 12.9 15.6 17.1 20.9 25.5 30.8 32.7 34.5 36.3 37.7 37.2 36.4 35.4 34.2 Lubumbashi ............................................... 4.1 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0 Mbuji-Mayi ................................................. 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.8

DENMARK København (Copenhagen) .......................... 41.9 39.7 38.1 37.5 35.1 28.2 25.6 24.5 23.7 23.6 23.7 23.3 22.8 22.4 22.1 21.8

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo .......................................... 38.0 41.0 44.1 44.3 45.1 42.3 40.7 39.2 37.8 36.1 34.0 32.6 32.0 31.5 30.9 30.3

ECUADOR Guayaquil .................................................. 27.0 28.7 30.3 30.9 30.7 30.4 29.9 29.0 27.8 27.5 28.0 28.7 29.2 28.8 28.3 27.7 Quito ......................................................... 21.5 21.4 21.2 21.2 21.4 21.5 20.9 20.1 19.2 18.5 18.3 19.2 20.0 19.9 19.6 19.3

EGYPT Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria) ....................... 14.9 14.5 14.3 13.6 13.4 13.2 13.1 13.1 12.8 12.6 12.7 12.9 13.0 12.8 12.5 12.2 Al-Qahirah (Cairo) ...................................... 35.8 35.2 34.9 36.9 37.6 37.9 38.4 38.5 37.8 37.4 37.1 37.0 36.7 35.8 34.7 33.5

EL SALVADOR San Salvador ............................................. 27.3 29.5 31.5 33.6 35.2 34.9 34.7 37.1 38.5 36.4 34.1 34.5 34.7 34.4 33.8 33.2

ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa .............................................. 46.2 40.5 35.2 30.2 28.5 28.6 30.4 29.7 27.7 25.7 24.1 22.9 22.0 21.4 20.9 20.3

FINLAND Helsinki ...................................................... 28.6 27.3 26.6 23.8 21.9 21.2 23.6 24.7 28.5 30.1 32.2 33.4 33.5 33.1 32.6 32.1

FRANCE Bordeaux ................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 Lille ........................................................... 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 Lyon .......................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 Marseille-Aix-en-Provence .......................... 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 Nice-Cannes .............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Paris .......................................................... 28.2 26.9 26.2 24.4 23.1 22.3 22.0 22.0 22.2 21.8 21.6 21.1 20.5 19.9 19.3 18.7 Toulouse .................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

GEORGIA Tbilisi ......................................................... 46.5 43.1 40.8 39.9 40.1 40.8 41.6 41.4 40.7 42.8 44.2 46.6 48.7 49.3 49.4 49.0

GERMANY Berlin ......................................................... 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 Hamburg .................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 Köln (Cologne) ........................................... 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 München (Munich) ..................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

GHANA Accra ......................................................... 21.9 22.7 23.7 23.4 24.0 23.8 24.3 22.8 21.1 19.7 18.9 18.4 18.2 17.9 17.5 17.2 Kumasi ...................................................... 12.3 12.8 13.3 13.1 13.3 12.8 12.7 12.0 12.3 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.3 14.1 13.8 13.5

GREECE Athínai (Athens) ......................................... 47.7 49.0 50.7 52.2 53.8 54.7 53.7 52.5 51.3 49.4 48.5 48.2 47.3 46.2 45.2 44.2 Thessaloniki ............................................... 10.3 10.3 10.4 11.0 11.7 12.3 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.2 12.0 11.9 11.7

GUATEMALA Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) ...... 36.4 36.5 37.0 36.8 34.3 31.4 28.6 25.0 21.9 19.5 17.9 16.4 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.7

GUINEA Conakry ..................................................... 17.8 24.7 34.3 46.7 63.5 67.8 60.9 55.5 52.9 48.4 47.9 47.4 46.4 45.4 44.5 43.6

HAITI Port-au-Prince ............................................ 34.0 37.4 41.0 44.9 49.3 54.8 59.9 59.3 56.0 55.9 54.2 47.4 44.3 43.5 42.9 42.0

HONDURAS Tegucigalpa ............................................... 27.7 28.0 28.1 28.0 28.7 29.3 29.3 29.5 29.3 28.7 28.8 28.4 27.8 27.3 27.0 26.5





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

HUNGARY Budapest ................................................... 32.7 32.0 32.4 31.9 31.3 30.6 29.9 29.6 29.4 28.1 27.1 25.3 24.5 24.1 23.8 23.6

INDIA Agra .......................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Ahmadabad ............................................... 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 Aligarh ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Allahabad .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Amritsar ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Asansol ..................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Aurangabad ............................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Bangalore .................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 Bareilly ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bhiwandi .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bhopal ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Bhubaneswar ............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Kolkata (Calcutta) ...................................... 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.8 Chandigarh ................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Jammu ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Chennai (Madras) ...................................... 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 Coimbatore ................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Delhi .......................................................... 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.2 Dhanbad .................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 Durg-Bhilainagar ........................................ 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Faridabad .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Ghaziabad ................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Guwahati (Gauhati) .................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Gwalior ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hubli-Dharwad ........................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 Hyderabad ................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 Indore ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Jabalpur ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Jaipur ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 Jalandhar ................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jamshedpur ............................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Jodhpur ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Kanpur ....................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Kochi (Cochin) ........................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Kota .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Kozhikode (Calicut) .................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Lucknow .................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Ludhiana .................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Madurai ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Meerut ....................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Moradabad ................................................ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Mumbai (Bombay) ...................................... 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 Mysore ...................................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Nagpur ...................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Nashik ....................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Patna ......................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Pune (Poona) ............................................. 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 Raipur ....................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 Rajkot ........................................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Ranchi ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Salem ........................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Solapur ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Srinagar ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Surat ......................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Thiruvananthapuram .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Tiruchirappalli ............................................ 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vadodara ................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Varanasi (Benares) .................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Vijayawada ................................................ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Visakhapatnam .......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

INDONESIA Bandar Lampung ........................................ 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Bandung .................................................... 5.2 5.8 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.0 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.0 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 Bogor ........................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Jakarta ...................................................... 14.7 17.0 19.1 19.5 19.0 18.4 17.9 16.1 14.6 11.9 9.4 8.1 7.5 7.3 7.1 6.9





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Malang ...................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 Medan ....................................................... 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 Padang ...................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Palembang ................................................. 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 Semarang .................................................. 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Surabaya ................................................... 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.6 6.0 5.1 4.4 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 Pekan Baru ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Ujung Pandang .......................................... 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Ahvaz ........................................................ 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Esfahan ..................................................... 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.6 5.0 4.6 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 Karaj .......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 Kermanshah .............................................. 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Mashhad ................................................... 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 Qom .......................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 Shiraz ........................................................ 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 Tabriz ........................................................ 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 Tehran ....................................................... 22.4 23.9 25.6 27.2 27.7 28.0 26.0 22.6 19.9 17.8 16.8 16.5 15.9 15.5 15.1 14.7

IRAQ Al-Basrah (Basra) ...................................... 6.2 6.3 6.5 7.0 5.8 4.8 4.0 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 Al-Mawsil (Mosul) ....................................... 7.7 7.1 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.6 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1 Baghdad .................................................... 30.9 30.5 32.4 37.1 36.5 35.7 34.1 32.2 31.7 30.9 30.6 28.4 28.9 28.5 27.9 27.1 Irbil (Erbil) .................................................. 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9

IRELAND Dublin ........................................................ 52.6 50.7 50.9 51.6 50.5 48.9 48.0 46.2 45.8 45.3 43.9 41.4 39.2 38.5 37.9 37.4

ISRAEL Hefa (Haifa) ............................................... 22.8 18.4 15.7 13.8 13.2 12.0 11.2 11.8 14.3 15.9 16.0 16.2 15.6 15.4 15.2 15.0 Tel Aviv-Yafo (Tel Aviv-Jaffa) ...................... 46.8 44.8 45.4 42.5 42.2 41.4 42.5 45.6 49.7 50.0 49.5 49.1 48.8 48.2 47.2 46.1

ITALY Milano (Milan) ............................................ 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 Napoli (Naples) .......................................... 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 Palermo ..................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Roma (Rome) ............................................ 7.4 7.8 8.2 8.6 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9 Torino (Turin) ............................................. 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9

JAPAN Fukuoka-Kitakyushu .................................. 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 Hiroshima .................................................. 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Kyoto ......................................................... 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Nagoya ...................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 Osaka-Kobe ............................................... 14.2 14.7 15.4 16.3 17.0 15.5 14.4 14.1 14.2 13.6 13.5 13.3 13.3 13.2 13.2 13.1 Sapporo ..................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Sendai ....................................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 Tokyo ........................................................ 38.7 39.3 41.1 43.3 42.0 42.0 41.0 41.4 41.7 41.4 41.6 41.9 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.1

JORDAN Amman ...................................................... 51.5 48.7 47.8 49.9 42.7 44.8 47.7 41.0 36.2 28.9 26.8 24.0 21.8 21.7 21.3 21.0

KAZAKHSTAN Almaty ....................................................... 14.5 13.5 12.0 11.2 11.2 11.6 12.0 11.7 11.6 12.4 13.6 13.7 13.5 13.2 13.0 12.8

KENYA Mombasa ................................................... 27.6 27.4 26.8 25.0 21.9 17.1 13.7 12.2 11.1 11.0 11.1 11.1 10.9 10.8 10.6 10.4 Nairobi ....................................................... 40.5 44.7 49.0 49.2 45.7 38.8 33.7 32.6 32.3 33.8 36.2 37.7 37.3 36.4 35.5 34.6

KUWAIT Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) .............................. 66.9 76.6 85.8 81.2 86.7 76.5 68.4 66.6 66.3 70.3 68.5 71.2 76.8 77.9 76.7 75.2

KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek ..................................................... 32.6 31.9 31.8 34.9 38.9 38.5 38.4 37.8 38.3 42.1 44.0 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.8 41.2

LEBANON Bayrut (Beirut) ........................................... 69.8 72.6 70.1 65.9 63.5 81.8 79.1 69.0 52.3 42.8 45.8 51.2 52.6 52.6 51.8 50.8

LIBERIA Monrovia .................................................... 14.2 23.4 38.3 45.5 45.5 46.4 49.4 58.8 107.8 43.3 50.2 57.0 44.7 44.7 44.1 43.4





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LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Banghazi ................................................... 26.3 28.4 28.3 27.0 22.3 19.7 17.5 16.1 18.5 21.8 23.2 24.4 25.0 24.8 24.5 24.1 Tarabulus (Tripoli) ...................................... 52.6 52.0 47.3 43.0 40.2 39.4 37.1 36.4 45.4 45.7 46.0 46.0 45.7 45.0 44.1 43.3

MADAGASCAR Antananarivo .............................................. 53.7 43.5 44.1 39.5 37.1 35.1 34.6 33.9 33.4 32.5 31.0 29.9 29.2 28.6 28.1 27.5

MALAYSIA Johore Bharu ............................................. 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 Klang ......................................................... 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.9 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.9 Kuala Lumpur ............................................ 16.7 17.1 15.9 13.9 12.4 14.0 15.9 14.1 12.4 10.6 9.1 8.1 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1

MALI Bamako ..................................................... 31.4 31.3 29.3 28.4 31.8 41.0 43.6 42.6 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.7 37.9 37.3 36.5 35.8

MEXICO Aguascalientes .......................................... 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Chihuahua ................................................. 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ciudad de México (Mexico City) ................. 24.4 25.2 26.1 27.3 28.6 28.1 28.3 26.6 25.5 25.0 24.2 23.5 22.7 22.0 21.3 20.5 Ciudad Juárez ............................................ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Culiacán .................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 Guadalajara ............................................... 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 León de los Aldamas .................................. 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Mérida ....................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Mexicali ..................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Monterrey .................................................. 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 Puebla ....................................................... 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 Querétaro .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Saltillo ....................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 San Luis Potosí .......................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Tijuana ...................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 Toluca de Lerdo ......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Torreón ...................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

MONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar ............................................... 45.9 49.5 52.3 53.9 52.6 50.6 48.8 46.8 45.2 48.7 54.6 58.5 59.1 58.2 57.4 56.6

MOROCCO Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) ......................... 26.7 27.7 28.3 28.4 28.5 27.5 26.2 24.1 22.3 21.2 19.8 18.7 17.8 17.2 16.8 16.5 Fès ............................................................ 7.0 7.6 8.2 7.6 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 Marrakech ................................................. 8.9 8.0 7.1 6.6 6.1 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 Rabat ........................................................ 6.2 6.5 6.8 8.0 9.4 9.8 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.3

MOZAMBIQUE Maputo ...................................................... 60.0 62.6 64.6 66.4 68.0 49.4 34.6 29.3 27.2 22.0 19.6 18.8 18.6 18.4 18.0 17.7

MYANMAR Mandalay ................................................... 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 Nay Pyi Taw ............................................... — — — — — — — — — — — 0.4 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 Yangon ...................................................... 47.0 43.2 39.3 35.7 32.3 30.1 29.7 29.5 29.1 28.5 27.6 26.7 25.6 24.9 24.3 23.7

NEPAL Kathmandu ................................................ 45.2 38.7 34.0 32.1 30.6 27.5 24.4 23.7 23.5 21.6 19.6 19.1 18.9 18.7 18.4 18.1

NETHERLANDS Amsterdam ................................................ 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.6 11.5 11.3 10.3 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.2 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 Rotterdam .................................................. 13.5 13.6 13.7 12.9 12.0 10.7 10.0 9.6 9.3 8.7 8.1 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1

NEW ZEALAND Auckland ................................................... 23.1 24.6 24.4 25.7 27.8 28.6 29.8 29.9 30.1 31.1 32.2 33.7 35.5 35.9 35.4 34.9

NICARAGUA Managua ................................................... 24.1 26.3 28.4 30.7 32.5 32.5 32.3 32.7 33.9 34.6 31.7 29.8 28.2 27.4 27.0 26.6

NIGER Niamey ...................................................... 22.7 27.0 32.5 34.9 34.8 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.9 37.0 37.8 39.1 39.0 38.3 37.5 36.9

NIGERIA Abuja ......................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 Benin City .................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 Ibadan ....................................................... 12.2 10.6 8.3 7.0 6.6 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3





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Ilorin .......................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Kaduna ...................................................... 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 Kano .......................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.6 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.2 6.3 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 Lagos ........................................................ 8.8 10.1 11.1 11.9 11.6 12.1 12.7 13.5 14.3 14.1 13.6 13.4 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.5 Maiduguri ................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Ogbomosho ............................................... 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 Port Harcourt ............................................. 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 Zaria .......................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

NORWAY Oslo .......................................................... 28.4 31.0 32.3 28.5 25.4 23.6 22.3 22.4 22.4 22.7 22.7 22.8 23.1 23.0 22.7 22.3

PAKISTAN Faisalabad ................................................. 2.6 3.2 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 Gujranwala ................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 Hyderabad ................................................. 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 Islamabad .................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Karachi ...................................................... 16.3 17.5 18.1 19.5 21.1 22.2 22.7 21.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 21.0 20.3 19.7 19.0 18.4 Lahore ....................................................... 12.9 12.6 12.4 12.8 13.3 13.3 13.0 12.2 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.0 10.7 10.4 10.1 Multan ....................................................... 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 Peshawar ................................................... 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 Quetta ....................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 Rawalpindi ................................................. 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

PANAMA Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) .............. 55.5 58.5 60.9 62.1 63.5 62.5 62.4 63.6 65.2 59.5 55.3 53.1 52.5 51.9 51.1 50.2

PARAGUAY Asunción ................................................... 50.6 53.4 56.4 58.4 60.0 59.9 57.8 54.9 52.7 51.5 50.9 51.0 51.1 50.5 49.6 48.6

PERU Arequipa .................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 Lima .......................................................... 34.1 35.9 37.8 38.4 39.4 39.7 39.7 39.2 38.9 39.0 39.2 39.9 40.5 39.7 38.6 37.5

PHILIPPINES Cebu ......................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 Davao ........................................................ 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 Manila ....................................................... 28.5 28.1 27.7 28.4 29.3 33.5 33.0 29.5 26.7 25.4 22.3 20.3 18.9 18.2 17.7 17.1 Zamboanga ............................................... 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

POLAND Kraków (Cracow) ....................................... 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 Lódz .......................................................... 6.4 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Warszawa (Warsaw) .................................. 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5

PORTUGAL Lisboa (Lisbon) .......................................... 49.7 49.5 48.9 49.9 53.9 56.7 58.6 55.5 53.0 50.7 48.0 45.5 44.4 43.6 42.7 41.8 Porto ......................................................... 27.8 27.6 27.1 26.6 27.4 27.2 26.4 25.1 24.3 23.5 22.5 21.6 21.2 20.9 20.6 20.3

PUERTO RICO San Juan ................................................... 50.1 54.2 56.7 55.6 57.8 57.9 58.2 59.1 60.4 57.6 61.7 67.6 68.8 67.7 66.3 65.1

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Goyang ...................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 Bucheon .................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Incheon ..................................................... 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 Gwangju .................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 Busan ........................................................ 23.5 20.0 16.7 14.8 14.0 14.3 14.4 13.2 11.9 10.8 9.9 9.1 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.1 Seongnam ................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 Seoul ......................................................... 25.4 29.7 34.1 37.4 40.9 40.2 38.2 36.1 33.3 29.1 26.6 25.4 24.5 23.9 23.5 23.3 Suweon ..................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 Daegu ....................................................... 8.8 9.3 9.5 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.9 Daejon ....................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 Ulsan ......................................................... 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

ROMANIA Bucuresti (Bucharest) ................................. 15.6 16.0 15.9 16.1 17.1 18.7 18.2 17.3 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.7 16.5

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chelyabinsk ............................................... 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Yekaterinburg ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 Kazan ........................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Krasnoyarsk .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 Moskva (Moscow) ...................................... 11.8 10.5 9.6 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.4 9.3 9.9 10.3 10.5 10.8 11.0 Nizhniy Novgorod ....................................... 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 Novosibirsk ................................................ 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 Omsk ......................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Perm .......................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) ............... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 Samara ...................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) ............ 6.4 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Saratov ...................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Ufa ............................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Volgograd .................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Voronezh ................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

RWANDA Kigali ......................................................... 46.0 48.3 49.5 50.9 49.3 50.8 52.3 54.0 55.5 61.6 44.2 47.8 47.4 46.2 45.5 44.8

SAUDI ARABIA Al-Madinah (Medina) .................................. 7.5 5.8 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) .................................... 16.3 14.1 12.2 12.2 14.6 16.8 16.7 16.8 18.7 21.1 21.5 21.9 22.4 22.2 21.7 21.2 Ad-Dammam .............................................. 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 Jiddah ........................................................ 17.4 13.9 11.1 10.6 12.4 14.0 13.4 13.0 14.0 15.3 15.1 15.0 14.9 14.8 14.5 14.1 Makkah (Mecca) ........................................ 21.7 16.3 12.3 10.2 9.7 9.0 7.9 7.0 6.9 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6

SENEGAL Dakar ........................................................ 48.2 41.1 47.6 47.5 46.2 45.3 45.6 45.5 45.7 46.9 48.3 49.8 50.0 49.2 48.1 47.0

SERBIA Beograd (Belgrade) .................................... 30.0 28.4 26.1 24.0 22.4 23.7 25.6 25.0 24.1 22.2 21.8 21.8 21.1 20.6 20.3 20.0

SIERRA LEONE Freetown ................................................... 37.2 33.7 30.4 29.8 32.7 36.0 38.4 40.6 39.3 42.6 42.9 38.1 37.6 36.8 36.2 35.6

SINGAPORE Singapore .................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SOMALIA Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ............................... 23.9 19.4 19.2 23.0 33.4 42.2 31.7 41.2 52.0 58.5 51.2 49.1 42.2 41.2 40.5 39.8

SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town ................................................ 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.1 10.4 10.8 11.4 11.8 11.3 10.6 10.5 10.9 11.0 10.9 10.6 10.4 Durban ...................................................... 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.2 8.6 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.8 Ekurhuleni (East Rand) .............................. 9.4 8.9 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.6 8.0 8.4 9.0 9.9 10.4 10.3 10.0 9.8 Johannesburg ............................................ 15.6 14.9 14.1 13.8 13.4 12.5 11.8 10.9 10.0 10.0 10.6 11.5 11.9 11.7 11.5 11.2 Port Elizabeth ............................................ 3.3 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 Pretoria ...................................................... 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 Vereeniging ................................................ 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6

SPAIN Barcelona .................................................. 12.4 13.3 14.3 14.9 15.6 14.8 14.0 13.9 14.0 14.5 14.9 14.5 14.5 14.4 14.1 13.8 Madrid ....................................................... 11.7 12.7 13.9 14.8 15.8 15.7 15.6 15.3 15.1 15.7 16.4 16.3 16.5 16.4 16.1 15.8 Valencia ..................................................... 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

SUDAN Al-Khartum (Khartoum) ............................... 29.1 28.7 28.2 27.8 27.5 27.9 29.7 31.2 34.2 35.1 32.8 30.0 27.8 27.0 26.4 25.7

SWEDEN Stockholm .................................................. 16.1 15.4 14.8 16.8 15.9 15.0 14.4 14.6 14.6 15.4 16.2 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.0 15.8

SWITZERLAND Zürich (Zurich) ........................................... 23.7 21.7 19.6 19.3 20.0 19.6 19.6 19.6 20.1 20.0 20.2 20.2 20.1 19.8 19.5 19.2

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Dimashq (Damascus) ................................. 33.9 34.3 34.1 33.7 33.1 33.0 32.8 29.9 27.2 25.3 24.0 23.2 22.8 22.3 21.8 21.3 Halab (Aleppo) ........................................... 29.5 29.2 28.3 27.2 26.1 25.9 25.5 24.9 25.0 25.6 26.1 25.7 25.3 24.8 24.2 23.6 Hims (Homs) .............................................. 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.3 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.1 8.9

THAILAND Krung Thep (Bangkok) ............................... 40.0 39.9 39.5 39.6 40.0 38.3 37.7 37.0 36.9 35.1 33.5 32.3 31.3 30.4 29.5 28.7

TOGO Lomé ......................................................... 57.0 58.3 59.8 53.5 42.1 45.8 50.1 51.1 51.9 53.0 51.8 52.8 53.9 53.9 53.2 52.2





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

TURKEY Adana ........................................................ 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 Ankara ....................................................... 5.3 6.2 7.1 8.7 9.7 10.0 9.3 8.1 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.8 Antalya ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 Bursa ......................................................... 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 Gaziantep .................................................. 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 Istanbul ..................................................... 18.2 17.8 16.3 18.3 20.0 21.0 21.7 19.8 19.3 19.7 19.8 19.8 19.5 18.9 18.4 17.8 Izmir .......................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.0 5.1 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 Konya ........................................................ 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

UGANDA Kampala .................................................... 65.6 52.9 45.9 50.4 54.0 51.8 49.1 43.9 38.2 36.8 36.8 36.3 35.3 34.4 33.6 32.9

UKRAINE Dnipropetrovs'k .......................................... 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Donets'k .................................................... 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 Kharkiv ...................................................... 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 Kyiv (Kiev) ................................................. 6.2 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.9 8.4 8.9 9.3 9.5 9.8 Odesa ....................................................... 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 Zaporizhzhya ............................................. 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubayy (Dubai) .......................................... 52.7 55.5 60.3 46.4 46.1 39.6 31.0 30.6 32.0 34.1 37.1 39.9 41.0 41.2 41.0 40.8

UNITED KINGDOM Birmingham ................................................ 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 Glasgow .................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 Liverpool .................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 London ...................................................... 20.9 20.5 19.9 18.6 17.5 16.2 15.5 15.3 15.1 15.3 15.6 15.7 15.5 15.1 14.8 14.4 Manchester ................................................ 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 Newcastle upon Tyne ................................. 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 West Yorkshire .......................................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Dar es Salaam ........................................... 25.2 28.5 30.7 33.1 33.4 32.1 30.7 28.6 27.3 27.2 28.0 28.8 28.9 28.4 27.7 27.0

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Atlanta ....................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 Austin ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Baltimore ................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 Boston ....................................................... 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 Bridgeport-Stamford ................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Buffalo ....................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Charlotte .................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Chicago ..................................................... 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 Cincinnati .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 Cleveland .................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 Columbus, Ohio ......................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Dallas-Fort Worth ...................................... 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 Dayton ....................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Denver-Aurora ........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Detroit ....................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 El Paso ...................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hartford ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 Honolulu .................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Houston ..................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 Indianapolis ............................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 Jacksonville, Florida ................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Kansas City ............................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Las Vegas ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana .......... 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 Louisville .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Memphis .................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Miami ........................................................ 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 Milwaukee ................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 Minneapolis-St. Paul .................................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Nashville-Davidson ..................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 New Orleans .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 New York-Newark ...................................... 12.2 11.5 10.9 10.6 10.5 9.8 9.2 8.7 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.3 7.0 6.8 Oklahoma City ........................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Orlando ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Philadelphia ............................................... 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 Phoenix-Mesa ............................................ 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 Pittsburgh .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Portland ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 Providence ................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Richmond .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Riverside-San Bernardino ........................... 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Rochester .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Sacramento ............................................... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Salt Lake City ............................................ 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 San Antonio ............................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 San Diego .................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 San Francisco-Oakland .............................. 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 San Jose ................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Seattle ....................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 St. Louis .................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 Tampa-St. Petersburg ................................ 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Tucson ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Virginia Beach ............................................ 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Washington, D.C. ...................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

URUGUAY Montevideo ................................................ 69.5 66.5 63.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.5 57.5 56.0 54.4 51.5 49.9 48.2 47.2 46.4 45.6

UZBEKISTAN Tashkent ................................................... 38.0 35.5 33.1 32.3 31.9 29.5 28.0 26.5 25.5 24.0 23.2 22.1 21.3 20.7 20.3 19.9

VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REP. OF) Barquisimeto .............................................. 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Caracas ..................................................... 28.8 28.1 28.2 27.2 26.7 24.3 21.6 19.0 16.6 14.7 13.1 11.9 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.6 Maracaibo .................................................. 11.7 10.8 10.2 9.4 8.7 8.2 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.7 Maracay .................................................... 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 Valencia ..................................................... 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7

VIET NAM Hai Phòng .................................................. 5.3 6.3 7.5 8.1 8.9 10.7 12.7 11.9 11.0 9.7 8.9 8.4 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.6 Hà Noi ....................................................... 8.8 10.8 13.0 14.7 16.6 20.9 25.5 24.7 23.3 21.0 19.5 18.6 18.0 17.6 17.1 16.7 Thành Pho Ho Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City) 38.1 33.1 28.3 28.2 28.4 31.2 33.9 32.1 29.8 26.4 24.1 22.6 21.9 21.3 20.7 20.1

YEMEN Al-Hudaydah .............................................. 10.8 10.0 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.6 8.3 7.9 8.2 8.4 9.6 11.0 12.2 12.5 12.4 12.2 Sana'a' ...................................................... 18.4 16.7 15.2 14.0 13.0 13.3 17.2 21.6 25.4 28.0 28.6 29.5 30.1 29.9 29.4 28.7 Ta'izz ......................................................... 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.7 8.5 8.8 8.9 9.1 8.9 9.7 10.8 11.6 11.7 11.6 11.4

ZAMBIA Lusaka ...................................................... 11.2 13.4 16.0 18.7 21.4 21.8 22.5 23.0 23.7 26.2 29.5 31.4 31.5 31.0 30.4 29.8

ZIMBABWE Harare ....................................................... 48.8 51.6 52.4 49.3 46.1 43.4 37.8 34.6 34.5 33.5 32.3 32.2 31.6 31.0 30.4 29.8



Table A.16. Percentage of the total population residing in each urban agglomerationwith 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2007, by country, 1950-2025



1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

AFGHANISTAN Kabul ......................................................... 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.5 4.0 5.1 7.0 9.4 10.3 8.9 9.5 11.9 12.4 13.3 14.2 15.3

ALGERIA El Djazaïr (Algiers) .................................... 5.9 6.4 8.1 8.8 9.1 9.4 8.6 7.6 7.5 8.1 9.0 9.7 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.5 Wahran (Oran) ........................................... 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6

ANGOLA Huambo ..................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.6 6.2 6.5 6.7 Luanda ...................................................... 3.3 3.8 4.4 5.7 7.6 9.8 12.3 14.0 14.9 15.9 18.6 22.0 25.8 28.4 29.6 30.1

ARGENTINA Buenos Aires ............................................. 29.7 30.6 32.0 32.8 33.8 33.6 33.5 32.9 32.3 32.0 32.1 32.4 32.1 31.5 30.7 29.9 Córdoba .................................................... 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 Mendoza .................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 Rosario ...................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 San Miguel de Tucumán ............................. 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

ARMENIA Yerevan ..................................................... 25.2 27.6 28.8 29.4 30.9 32.2 33.6 33.6 33.1 35.4 36.1 36.5 36.9 37.0 37.3 37.9

AUSTRALIA Adelaide .................................................... 5.2 5.4 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 Brisbane .................................................... 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.6 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.2 Melbourne ................................................. 16.2 17.1 18.0 17.9 18.3 18.8 18.9 18.7 18.5 18.0 17.9 17.9 18.0 17.9 17.7 17.4 Perth ......................................................... 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.8 5.7 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 Sydney ...................................................... 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.7 21.0 21.7 22.0 21.9 21.5 21.2 21.3 21.0 20.7 20.5 20.1 19.8

AUSTRIA Wien (Vienna) ............................................ 30.1 30.0 29.6 28.6 27.7 27.2 27.1 27.3 27.1 26.4 26.6 27.3 28.3 28.8 28.9 29.0

AZERBAIJAN Baku .......................................................... 31.0 28.2 25.8 24.7 24.6 25.1 25.6 24.9 24.0 22.7 22.2 22.4 22.3 22.3 22.5 23.0

BANGLADESH Chittagong ................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.7 Dhaka ........................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.8 3.7 4.6 5.9 6.6 7.4 8.2 8.9 9.4 10.0 10.7 Khulna ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rajshahi .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7

BELARUS Minsk ........................................................ 3.7 5.3 6.7 8.4 10.3 12.0 13.6 14.7 15.7 16.1 16.9 18.1 19.4 20.3 21.0 21.7

BELGIUM Antwerpen ................................................. 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.6 Bruxelles-Brussel ....................................... 16.4 16.4 16.2 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.8 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.0 16.8 16.6 16.4 16.3 16.2

BENIN Cotonou ..................................................... 1.0 1.2 3.2 4.4 5.8 7.5 9.1 9.4 9.7 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.9 9.3 9.8

BOLIVIA La Paz ....................................................... 11.8 12.4 13.1 13.7 14.2 14.8 15.1 15.5 15.9 16.9 16.7 16.6 16.9 17.2 17.4 17.6 Santa Cruz ................................................ 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.9 4.9 6.1 7.5 9.2 11.1 12.7 14.4 15.5 15.9 16.1 16.3

BRAZIL Baixada Santista (1) ................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Belém ........................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Belo Horizonte ........................................... 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 Brasília ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Campinas .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Campo Grande .......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Cuiabá ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Curitiba ...................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Florianópolis .............................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Fortaleza ................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Goiânia ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Grande São Luís ........................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Grande Vitória ............................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 João Pessoa .............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5


Table A.16. Percentage of the total population residing in each urban agglomeration (continued)



1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Maceió ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 Manaus ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Natal .......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Norte/Nordeste Catarinense (2) .................. 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Pôrto Alegre ............................................... 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 Recife ........................................................ 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Rio de Janeiro ............................................ 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 Salvador .................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 São Paulo .................................................. 4.3 4.8 5.5 6.5 7.9 8.9 9.9 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.4 Teresina .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

BULGARIA Sofia .......................................................... 7.2 8.2 9.0 9.8 10.5 11.2 12.1 13.2 13.5 14.0 14.1 15.1 16.2 17.2 18.0 18.9

BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou ............................................ 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.4 3.8 5.5 6.1 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.2 9.1 10.0 11.1

CAMBODIA Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) ........................ 8.4 7.8 7.2 7.1 13.0 1.4 3.5 5.3 6.3 7.3 9.1 9.8 10.8 12.2 13.6 14.9

CAMEROON Douala ....................................................... 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.4 5.5 6.3 7.0 7.6 8.2 9.0 9.9 10.7 11.3 11.7 11.9 Yaoundé .................................................... 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.7 4.6 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.1 9.6 9.9 10.1

CANADA Calgary ...................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 Edmonton .................................................. 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 Montréal .................................................... 9.8 10.5 11.3 12.1 12.4 12.1 11.5 11.2 11.4 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 10.8 Ottawa-Gatineau ........................................ 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Toronto ...................................................... 7.8 8.7 9.7 10.6 11.7 12.0 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.3 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.2 15.9 15.7 Vancouver ................................................. 4.1 3.7 3.5 4.3 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.4

CHAD N'Djaména ................................................. 0.9 1.5 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.6 7.0 7.5 7.8 8.1 8.4 8.9 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.4

CHILE Santiago .................................................... 21.7 23.9 25.9 26.5 27.7 30.1 33.3 34.7 35.0 34.5 34.2 34.4 34.3 33.9 33.4 32.8 Valparaíso .................................................. 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1

CHINA (3) Anshan, Liaoning ....................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Anshun ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Anyang ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Baoding ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Baotou ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Beijing ....................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 Bengbu ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Benxi ......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Changchun ................................................ 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Changde .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Changsha, Hunan ...................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Changzhou, Jiangsu ................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Chengdu .................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 Chifeng ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Chongqing ................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 Dalian ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Dandong .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Daqing ....................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Datong, Shanxi .......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Dongguan, Guangdong .............................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Foshan ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fushun, Liaoning ....................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fuxin ......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fuyang ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Fuzhou, Fujian ........................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Guangzhou, Guangdong ............................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Guilin ......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Guiyang ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Haerbin ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Handan ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Hangzhou .................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Hefei .......................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Hengyang .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Heze .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Huai'an ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Huaibei ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Huainan ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Hohhot ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Huzhou ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jiamusi ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jiaozuo ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jiaxing ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jilin ............................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jinan, Shandong ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Jining, Shandong ....................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jinxi, Liaoning ............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jinzhou ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jixi, Heilongjiang ........................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kaifeng ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kaohsiung ................................................. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kunming .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Langfang ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lanzhou ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Leshan ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lianyungang .............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Liaoyang .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Linfen ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Linyi, Shandong ......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Liuan ......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Liupanshui ................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Liuzhou ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Luoyang .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Luzhou ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Mianyang, Sichuan .................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Mudanjiang ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Nanchang .................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nanchong .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nanjing, Jiangsu ........................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Nanning ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nantong ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Nanyang, Henan ........................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Neijiang ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ningbo ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Pingdingshan, Henan ................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pingxiang, Jiangxi ....................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Qingdao ..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Qinhuangdao ............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Qiqihaer ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Quanzhou .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Shanghai ................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 Shangqiu ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Shantou ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Shaoxing .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Shenyang .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Shenzhen .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 Shijiazhuang .............................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Suining, Sichuan ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Suzhou, Anhui ........................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Suzhou, Jiangsu ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Taian, Shandong ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Taichung .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tainan ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Taipei ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Taiyuan, Shanxi ......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Tangshan, Hebei ........................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tianjin ........................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Tianmen .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Tianshui ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tongliao ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ürümqi (Wulumqi) ...................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Weifang ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Wenzhou ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wuhan ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Wuhu, Anhui .............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Wuxi, Jiangsu ............................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xiamen ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Xi'an, Shaanxi ............................................ 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Xiangfan, Hubei .......................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xiantao ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xianyang, Shaanxi ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xingyi, Guizhou .......................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xining ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xinxiang ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xinyang ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Xinyu ......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xuanzhou .................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Xuzhou ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yancheng, Jiangsu ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yantai ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Yibin .......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yichang ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yichun, Heilongjiang ................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yichun, Jiangxi ........................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yinchuan ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yingkou ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yiyang, Hunan ........................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yongzhou .................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yuci ........................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yueyang .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Yulin, Guangxi ............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zaozhuang ................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhangjiakou ............................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zhanjiang ................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Zhaotong ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zhengzhou ................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zhuhai ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zhuzhou .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zibo ........................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Zigong ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Zunyi ......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

CHINA, HONG KONG SAR (4) Hong Kong ................................................. 85.2 85.2 85.2 86.4 87.7 89.7 91.5 92.9 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

COLOMBIA Barranquilla ............................................... 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 Bucaramanga ............................................ 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 Cali ............................................................ 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Cartagena .................................................. 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 Medellín ..................................................... 3.0 3.6 4.3 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.4 Bogotá ....................................................... 5.0 6.2 7.5 9.1 10.6 12.0 12.4 12.9 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.4 17.4 17.6 17.5 17.3

CONGO Brazzaville ................................................. 10.3 10.2 12.3 15.0 18.0 21.3 24.8 28.4 29.0 29.7 30.8 33.7 37.5 38.8 39.5 40.1

COSTA RICA San José ................................................... 15.3 16.3 17.2 18.1 19.7 21.4 22.4 23.2 24.0 25.0 26.3 28.1 29.5 30.2 30.8 31.3

CÔTE D'IVOIRE Abidjan ...................................................... 2.6 4.2 5.4 7.2 10.3 14.7 16.6 16.3 16.4 16.9 17.8 19.2 20.5 21.5 22.3 23.0

CUBA La Habana (Havana) .................................. 18.9 19.7 20.1 20.1 20.4 19.6 19.5 19.9 19.9 20.0 19.6 19.4 19.2 19.1 19.1 19.1

CZECH REPUBLIC Praha (Prague) ........................................... 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.2 11.5 11.6 11.8 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.5 11.7





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

DEM. PEOPLE'S REP. OF KOREA Hamhung ................................................... 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 N'ampo ...................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.9 3.7 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 P'yongyang ................................................ 5.3 6.0 5.9 6.2 6.9 8.4 10.7 11.7 12.5 13.1 13.6 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.2 14.4

DEM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Kananga .................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Kinshasa ................................................... 1.7 2.2 2.9 4.1 5.2 6.2 7.3 8.6 9.1 9.8 10.8 12.1 13.1 14.0 14.9 15.6 Lubumbashi ............................................... 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 Mbuji-Mayi ................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7

DENMARK København (Copenhagen) .......................... 28.5 27.6 28.0 28.9 28.0 23.2 21.4 20.7 20.1 20.1 20.2 20.0 19.9 19.8 19.8 19.6

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo .......................................... 9.0 11.0 13.3 15.5 18.1 19.3 20.9 21.1 20.9 20.8 21.2 21.8 22.5 23.2 23.6 23.7

ECUADOR Guayaquil .................................................. 7.6 8.9 10.3 11.3 12.0 12.9 14.1 14.9 15.3 15.9 16.9 18.3 19.5 20.2 20.5 20.7 Quito ......................................................... 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.3 10.6 10.7 11.0 12.2 13.4 13.9 14.2 14.4

EGYPT Al-Iskandariyah (Alexandria) ....................... 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 Al-Qahirah (Cairo) ...................................... 11.4 12.3 13.2 15.0 15.9 16.5 16.8 16.9 16.4 16.0 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.6 15.6 15.8

EL SALVADOR San Salvador ............................................. 10.0 11.1 12.1 13.1 13.9 14.5 15.3 17.3 19.0 19.7 19.9 20.6 21.3 21.7 22.0 22.3

ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa .............................................. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.9

FINLAND Helsinki ...................................................... 9.1 9.6 10.1 10.5 11.0 12.4 14.1 14.8 17.5 18.5 19.7 20.9 21.4 21.7 22.0 22.3

FRANCE Bordeaux ................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Lille ........................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Lyon .......................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Marseille-Aix-en-Provence .......................... 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Nice-Cannes .............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Paris .......................................................... 15.6 15.7 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.2 16.1 16.2 16.4 16.3 16.4 16.2 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.3 Toulouse .................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

GEORGIA Tbilisi ......................................................... 17.3 17.2 17.3 17.9 19.1 20.2 21.5 22.3 22.4 23.1 23.3 24.4 25.8 26.6 27.4 28.2

GERMANY Berlin ......................................................... 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 Hamburg .................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Köln (Cologne) ........................................... 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 München (Munich) ..................................... 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

GHANA Accra ......................................................... 3.4 4.3 5.5 6.1 7.0 7.1 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.4 9.8 10.2 10.6 Kumasi ...................................................... 1.9 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.9 6.7 7.3 7.7 8.1 8.3

GREECE Athínai (Athens) ......................................... 17.8 19.6 21.8 24.8 28.3 30.3 31.0 30.7 30.2 29.3 29.0 29.1 29.0 29.1 29.3 29.6 Thessaloniki ............................................... 3.9 4.1 4.5 5.2 6.2 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.8

GUATEMALA Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala City) ...... 9.1 10.2 11.5 12.5 12.2 11.5 10.7 9.8 9.0 8.4 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.9 8.2 8.5

GUINEA Conakry ..................................................... 1.2 2.1 3.6 6.1 10.1 13.2 14.4 14.8 14.8 14.3 14.9 15.7 16.4 17.3 18.5 19.6

HAITI Port-au-Prince ............................................ 4.1 5.2 6.4 7.9 9.8 11.2 12.3 13.8 16.0 18.2 19.3 20.3 22.0 24.2 26.0 27.2

HONDURAS Tegucigalpa ............................................... 4.9 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.3 9.4 10.2 11.1 11.8 12.1 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.1 14.6 15.2





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

HUNGARY Budapest ................................................... 17.3 17.4 18.1 18.5 18.8 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 18.3 17.5 16.8 16.7 16.9 17.2 17.5

INDIA Agra .......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Ahmadabad ............................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Aligarh ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Allahabad .................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Amritsar ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Asansol ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Aurangabad ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Bangalore .................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 Bareilly ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Bhiwandi .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Bhopal ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bhubaneswar ............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kolkata (Calcutta) ...................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 Chandigarh ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jammu ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Chennai (Madras) ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 Coimbatore ................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Delhi .......................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 Dhanbad .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Durg-Bhilainagar ........................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Faridabad .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ghaziabad ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Guwahati (Gauhati) .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Gwalior ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Hubli-Dharwad ........................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Hyderabad ................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Indore ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Jabalpur ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jaipur ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Jalandhar ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jamshedpur ............................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Jodhpur ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kanpur ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Kochi (Cochin) ........................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Kota .......................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Kozhikode (Calicut) .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lucknow .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Ludhiana .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Madurai ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Meerut ....................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Moradabad ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Mumbai (Bombay) ...................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 Mysore ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Nagpur ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nashik ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Patna ......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Pune (Poona) ............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 Raipur ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Rajkot ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ranchi ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Salem ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Solapur ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Srinagar ..................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Surat ......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Thiruvananthapuram .................................. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tiruchirappalli ............................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Vadodara ................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Varanasi (Benares) .................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Vijayawada ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Visakhapatnam .......................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

INDONESIA Bandar Lampung ........................................ 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 Bandung .................................................... 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Bogor ........................................................ 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 Jakarta ...................................................... 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Malang ...................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Medan ....................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 Padang ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 Palembang ................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 Semarang .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 Surabaya ................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 Pekan Baru ................................................ 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Ujung Pandang .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Ahvaz ........................................................ 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Esfahan ..................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 Karaj .......................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 Kermanshah .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Mashhad ................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 Qom .......................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 Shiraz ........................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Tabriz ........................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Tehran ....................................................... 6.2 7.3 8.6 10.1 11.4 12.8 12.9 12.1 11.2 10.8 10.8 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.1

IRAQ Al-Basrah (Basra) ...................................... 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 Al-Mawsil (Mosul) ....................................... 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 Baghdad .................................................... 10.8 11.5 13.9 18.8 20.5 21.9 22.3 22.1 22.1 21.3 20.8 19.0 19.2 18.9 18.8 18.6 Irbil (Erbil) .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4

IRELAND Dublin ........................................................ 21.1 22.2 23.3 25.1 26.1 26.2 26.6 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.0 25.0 24.3 24.5 24.9 25.3

ISRAEL Hefa (Haifa) ............................................... 16.2 13.0 12.0 11.2 11.1 10.4 9.9 10.6 12.9 14.4 14.6 14.8 14.3 14.2 14.0 13.9 Tel Aviv-Yafo (Tel Aviv-Jaffa) ...................... 33.2 31.8 34.9 34.4 35.5 35.9 37.6 41.0 44.9 45.4 45.2 45.0 44.8 44.3 43.5 42.7

ITALY Milano (Milan) ............................................ 4.0 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 Napoli (Naples) .......................................... 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 Palermo ..................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Roma (Rome) ............................................ 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 Torino (Turin) ............................................. 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

JAPAN Fukuoka-Kitakyushu .................................. 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 Hiroshima .................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 Kyoto ......................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Nagoya ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 Osaka-Kobe ............................................... 5.0 5.7 6.6 7.7 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.6 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.3 Sapporo ..................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Sendai ....................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 Tokyo ........................................................ 13.5 15.3 17.7 20.5 22.3 23.9 24.4 25.1 26.3 26.8 27.1 27.6 28.3 28.7 29.2 29.9

JORDAN Amman ...................................................... 19.1 21.1 24.3 27.1 23.9 25.8 28.6 27.2 26.2 22.6 21.0 18.8 17.1 17.1 17.0 16.9

KAZAKHSTAN Almaty ....................................................... 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3

KENYA Mombasa ................................................... 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 Nairobi ....................................................... 2.3 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.4 7.1 7.8 8.3 8.8 9.4 10.3

KUWAIT Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) .............................. 41.1 53.1 64.3 64.4 74.2 68.4 64.8 65.2 64.9 69.0 67.3 69.9 75.6 76.7 75.6 74.1

KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek ..................................................... 8.6 9.8 10.9 12.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.5 14.5 15.3 15.6 15.7 15.8 16.1 16.8 17.7

LEBANON Bayrut (Beirut) ........................................... 22.3 26.4 29.7 33.6 37.8 54.8 58.3 54.8 43.5 36.3 39.4 44.3 45.9 46.3 45.9 45.4

LIBERIA Monrovia .................................................... 1.8 3.6 7.1 10.1 11.8 14.1 17.4 23.7 48.8 21.6 27.2 33.1 27.5 29.0 30.0 30.8





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Banghazi ................................................... 5.1 6.6 7.7 9.1 11.1 12.4 12.3 12.2 14.0 16.5 17.7 18.8 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.7 Tarabulus (Tripoli) ...................................... 10.3 12.1 12.9 14.5 20.0 24.8 26.0 27.4 34.4 34.7 35.1 35.4 35.6 35.5 35.4 35.3

MADAGASCAR Antananarivo .............................................. 4.2 4.0 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.7 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.8 9.2 9.8 10.4

MALAYSIA Johore Bharu ............................................. 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 Klang ......................................................... 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.3 4.0 4.5 4.7 4.7 Kuala Lumpur ............................................ 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 5.3 6.7 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7

MALI Bamako ..................................................... 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.6 6.7 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.4 11.1 11.8 12.6 13.6 14.6 15.6

MEXICO Aguascalientes .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 Chihuahua ................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Ciudad de México (Mexico City) ................. 10.4 11.8 13.2 15.0 16.9 17.6 18.8 18.4 18.2 18.3 18.1 18.0 17.7 17.4 17.2 16.8 Ciudad Juárez ............................................ 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Culiacán .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Guadalajara ............................................... 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 León de los Aldamas .................................. 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Mérida ....................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Mexicali ..................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 Monterrey .................................................. 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 Puebla ....................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Querétaro .................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Saltillo ....................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 San Luis Potosí .......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Tijuana ...................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 Toluca de Lerdo ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Torreón ...................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

MONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar ............................................... 9.2 13.2 18.7 22.7 23.7 24.6 25.4 25.8 25.8 27.7 30.9 33.2 33.9 34.2 34.9 35.7

MOROCCO Dar-el-Beida (Casablanca) ......................... 7.0 7.7 8.3 9.1 9.8 10.4 10.8 10.8 10.8 11.0 10.6 10.3 10.1 10.1 10.3 10.4 Fès ............................................................ 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 Marrakech ................................................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 Rabat ........................................................ 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9

MOZAMBIQUE Maputo ...................................................... 1.4 1.9 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.5 7.2 7.8 8.3 8.8

MYANMAR Mandalay ................................................... 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 Nay Pyi Taw ............................................... — — — — — — — — — — — 0.1 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.6 Yangon ...................................................... 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.6

NEPAL Kathmandu ................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.9

NETHERLANDS Amsterdam ................................................ 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.7 7.1 7.2 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 Rotterdam .................................................. 7.6 7.9 8.2 7.9 7.4 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2

NEW ZEALAND Auckland ................................................... 16.7 18.1 18.6 20.2 22.5 23.6 24.9 25.0 25.5 26.6 27.6 29.0 30.8 31.4 31.2 31.0

NICARAGUA Managua ................................................... 8.5 9.8 11.3 13.1 15.3 15.8 16.1 16.7 17.7 18.5 17.4 16.6 16.2 16.2 16.5 16.9

NIGER Niamey ...................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.4 3.1 4.0 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.1 7.7

NIGERIA Abuja ......................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 Benin City .................................................. 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 Ibadan ....................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Ilorin .......................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 Kaduna ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 Kano .......................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lagos ........................................................ 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.3 5.0 5.5 5.8 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.3 7.5 Maiduguri ................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 Ogbomosho ............................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Port Harcourt ............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 Zaria .......................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

NORWAY Oslo .......................................................... 14.3 15.6 16.1 16.4 16.6 16.1 15.7 16.0 16.1 16.7 17.2 17.6 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9

PAKISTAN Faisalabad ................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Gujranwala ................................................ 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 Hyderabad ................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 Islamabad .................................................. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 Karachi ...................................................... 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.6 5.2 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.8 8.1 8.5 Lahore ....................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 Multan ....................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 Peshawar ................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 Quetta ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 Rawalpindi ................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

PANAMA Ciudad de Panamá (Panama City) .............. 19.9 22.5 25.1 27.6 30.2 30.7 31.5 33.2 35.1 35.7 36.4 37.6 39.3 40.5 41.0 41.2

PARAGUAY Asunción ................................................... 17.5 18.7 20.0 21.2 22.2 23.3 24.1 24.7 25.7 26.8 28.2 29.8 31.4 32.5 33.3 33.8

PERU Arequipa .................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Lima .......................................................... 14.0 15.8 17.7 19.9 22.6 24.4 25.6 26.2 26.8 27.4 27.7 28.4 29.0 28.8 28.4 28.1

PHILIPPINES Cebu ......................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Davao ........................................................ 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 Manila ....................................................... 7.7 8.1 8.4 9.0 9.7 11.9 12.4 12.7 13.0 13.7 13.1 12.7 12.5 12.6 12.8 12.8 Zamboanga ............................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

POLAND Kraków (Cracow) ....................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 Lódz .......................................................... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Warszawa (Warsaw) .................................. 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

PORTUGAL Lisboa (Lisbon) .......................................... 15.5 16.3 17.1 18.4 20.9 23.1 25.1 25.2 25.4 25.9 26.1 26.2 26.9 27.7 28.3 28.8 Porto ......................................................... 8.7 9.1 9.5 9.8 10.6 11.1 11.3 11.4 11.7 12.0 12.3 12.4 12.9 13.3 13.7 14.0

PUERTO RICO San Juan ................................................... 20.3 23.0 25.3 28.6 33.7 36.4 38.9 40.9 43.6 50.2 58.4 66.0 68.0 67.2 65.9 64.8

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Goyang ...................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Bucheon .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Incheon ..................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 3.3 4.2 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 Gwangju .................................................... 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 Busan ........................................................ 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.7 6.9 8.2 8.6 8.8 8.5 7.9 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 Seongnam ................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Seoul ......................................................... 5.4 7.2 9.4 12.1 16.6 19.3 21.7 23.4 24.6 22.8 21.2 20.5 20.1 19.8 19.8 19.9 Suweon ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 Daegu ....................................................... 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Daejon ....................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 Ulsan ......................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

ROMANIA Bucuresti (Bucharest) ................................. 4.0 4.9 5.4 6.1 6.9 8.0 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.5 9.7 10.0

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Chelyabinsk ............................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Yekaterinburg ............................................ 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Kazan ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Krasnoyarsk .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Moskva (Moscow) ...................................... 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.0 8.2 Nizhniy Novgorod ....................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 Novosibirsk ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 Omsk ......................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Perm .......................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) ............... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Samara ...................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) ............ 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Saratov ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Ufa ............................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 Volgograd .................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 Voronezh ................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

RWANDA Kigali ......................................................... 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 2.7 3.0 5.1 6.1 8.4 8.9 9.5 10.3 11.3

SAUDI ARABIA Al-Madinah (Medina) .................................. 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) .................................... 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.7 7.1 9.8 11.0 12.2 14.3 16.6 17.1 17.8 18.4 18.5 18.3 18.0 Ad-Dammam .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 Jiddah ........................................................ 3.7 3.6 3.5 4.1 6.1 8.2 8.9 9.5 10.7 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.0 Makkah (Mecca) ........................................ 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

SENEGAL Dakar ........................................................ 8.3 8.2 11.0 12.5 13.9 15.3 16.3 17.1 17.8 18.6 19.6 20.7 21.5 22.0 22.7 23.5

SERBIA Beograd (Belgrade) .................................... 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.2 8.9 10.2 11.8 12.1 12.1 11.3 11.1 11.2 11.0 11.1 11.3 11.7

SIERRA LEONE Freetown ................................................... 4.7 5.0 5.3 6.0 7.6 9.6 11.2 12.8 12.9 14.6 15.2 14.0 14.4 14.8 15.5 16.3

SINGAPORE Singapore .................................................. 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SOMALIA Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ............................... 3.0 2.9 3.3 4.6 7.6 10.8 8.5 11.6 15.4 18.4 17.0 17.3 15.8 16.5 17.4 18.4

SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town ................................................ 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 Durban ...................................................... 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 Ekurhuleni (East Rand) .............................. 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 Johannesburg ............................................ 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.5 6.0 6.8 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.7 Port Elizabeth ............................................ 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 Pretoria ...................................................... 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 Vereeniging ................................................ 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5

SPAIN Barcelona .................................................. 6.5 7.2 8.1 9.1 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.3 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.1 Madrid ....................................................... 6.1 6.9 7.9 9.0 10.4 10.9 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.9 12.5 12.5 12.8 12.9 12.8 12.7 Valencia ..................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

SUDAN Al-Khartum (Khartoum) ............................... 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.7 4.5 5.3 5.9 7.0 9.1 11.0 11.8 12.2 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.6

SWEDEN Stockholm .................................................. 10.6 10.6 10.8 13.0 12.9 12.4 11.9 12.1 12.1 12.9 13.6 13.8 13.9 13.9 13.7 13.6

SWITZERLAND Zürich (Zurich) ........................................... 10.5 10.3 10.0 10.5 11.5 11.3 11.2 12.8 14.7 14.7 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.7

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Dimashq (Damascus) ................................. 10.4 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.3 14.9 15.3 14.3 13.3 12.7 12.4 12.3 12.5 12.7 12.9 13.1 Halab (Aleppo) ........................................... 9.0 9.8 10.4 10.9 11.3 11.7 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.8 13.5 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.3 14.5 Hims (Homs) .............................................. 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5

THAILAND Krung Thep (Bangkok) ............................... 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.0 8.4 9.1 10.1 10.4 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.4 10.6 11.0 11.5 12.1

TOGO Lomé ......................................................... 2.5 3.9 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.5 12.4 13.9 15.6 17.6 18.9 21.1 23.4 25.3 26.8 28.1





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

TURKEY Adana ........................................................ 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Ankara ....................................................... 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 Antalya ...................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Bursa ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 Gaziantep .................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Istanbul ..................................................... 4.5 5.1 5.1 6.3 7.7 8.7 9.5 10.4 11.4 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.5 Izmir .......................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 Konya ........................................................ 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

UGANDA Kampala .................................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.9

UKRAINE Dnipropetrovs'k .......................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Donets'k .................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Kharkiv ...................................................... 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 Kyiv (Kiev) ................................................. 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.7 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.0 Odesa ....................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Zaporizhzhya ............................................. 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Dubayy (Dubai) .......................................... 28.7 35.8 44.3 35.1 35.8 31.5 25.1 24.4 25.3 26.7 28.9 31.0 32.0 32.5 32.8 33.1

UNITED KINGDOM Birmingham ................................................ 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 Glasgow .................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 Liverpool .................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 London ...................................................... 16.5 16.2 15.6 14.5 13.5 13.4 13.6 13.6 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.1 14.0 13.7 13.5 13.2 Manchester ................................................ 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 Newcastle upon Tyne ................................. 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 West Yorkshire .......................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Dar es Salaam ........................................... 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.6 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.5

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Atlanta ....................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Austin ........................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Baltimore ................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Boston ....................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 Bridgeport-Stamford ................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Buffalo ....................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Charlotte .................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Chicago ..................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 Cincinnati .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Cleveland .................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Columbus, Ohio ......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Dallas-Fort Worth ...................................... 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 Dayton ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Denver-Aurora ........................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Detroit ....................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 El Paso ...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Hartford ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Honolulu .................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Houston ..................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 Indianapolis ............................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Jacksonville, Florida ................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Kansas City ............................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Las Vegas ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana .......... 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 Louisville .................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Memphis .................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Miami ........................................................ 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Milwaukee ................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Minneapolis-St. Paul .................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 Nashville-Davidson ..................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 New Orleans .............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 New York-Newark ...................................... 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.8 Oklahoma City ........................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Orlando ..................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4





1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Philadelphia ............................................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 Phoenix-Mesa ............................................ 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Pittsburgh .................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Portland ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Providence ................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Richmond .................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Riverside-San Bernardino ........................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Rochester .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Sacramento ............................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Salt Lake City ............................................ 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 San Antonio ............................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 San Diego .................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 San Francisco-Oakland .............................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 San Jose ................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Seattle ....................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 St. Louis .................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Tampa-St. Petersburg ................................ 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Tucson ...................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Virginia Beach ............................................ 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Washington, D.C. ...................................... 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

URUGUAY Montevideo ................................................ 54.1 52.6 50.6 49.1 48.5 49.6 49.9 50.1 49.8 49.2 47.0 45.9 44.6 43.9 43.4 42.8

UZBEKISTAN Tashkent ................................................... 12.0 11.6 11.3 11.4 11.7 11.5 11.4 10.8 10.2 9.2 8.6 8.1 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.5

VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REP. OF) Barquisimeto .............................................. 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 Caracas ..................................................... 13.6 15.3 17.4 18.2 19.2 18.4 17.1 15.6 14.0 12.8 11.7 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.2 Maracaibo .................................................. 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 Maracay .................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 Valencia ..................................................... 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.4

VIET NAM Hai Phòng .................................................. 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 Hà Noi ....................................................... 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.4 Thành Pho Ho Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City) 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.6 5.2 5.9 6.5 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.7

YEMEN Al-Hudaydah .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.1 Sana'a' ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.3 6.7 7.5 8.5 9.6 10.4 11.2 12.0 Ta'izz ......................................................... 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.8

ZAMBIA Lusaka ...................................................... 1.3 1.9 2.9 4.4 6.5 7.6 9.0 9.1 9.3 9.7 10.3 11.0 11.3 11.5 11.8 12.4

ZIMBABWE Harare ....................................................... 5.2 6.0 6.6 7.2 8.0 8.6 8.5 8.8 10.0 10.6 10.9 11.5 12.1 12.7 13.3 14.1



Table A.17. Urban population, number of cities and percentage of urban population,by size class of settlement, major area and region, 1975-2025

Major area, region and size class 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

WORLD 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 3 4 7 10 13 16 18 20 24 24 27 Population in urban areas 53 185 69 249 104 507 144 876 183 816 228 726 268 263 307 776 370 270 393 619 446 822 Percentage of urban population 3.5 4.0 5.3 6.4 7.2 8.0 8.5 8.8 9.6 9.4 9.7

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations 15 20 21 20 21 28 31 33 35 43 48 Population in urban areas 117 160 149 327 153 030 147 151 154 348 195 724 217 440 235 469 244 456 303 898 336 651 Percentage of urban population 7.7 8.6 7.7 6.5 6.0 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.4 7.2 7.3

1 to 5 million Number of agglomerations 163 196 223 267 296 334 361 414 460 495 524 Population in urban areas 317 410 366 178 418 225 503 978 572 282 636 646 711 205 820 652 915 942 992 137 1 057 574 Percentage of urban population 20.9 21.0 21.0 22.2 22.4 22.3 22.5 23.5 23.8 23.6 23.1

500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 237 258 297 328 365 399 446 477 488 521 551 Population in urban areas 167 039 179 172 204 671 226 084 254 545 276 268 312 845 331 978 342 411 365 330 389 614 Percentage of urban population 11.0 10.3 10.3 9.9 10.0 9.7 9.9 9.5 8.9 8.7 8.5

Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 863 727 976 625 1 107 762 1 252 464 1 392 395 1 516 545 1 654 882 1 798 732 1 971 585 2 154 686 2 353 571 Percentage of urban population 56.9 56.1 55.7 55.1 54.4 53.1 52.3 51.5 51.3 51.2 51.3

MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 2 2 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 Population in urban areas 42 495 44 150 66 662 70 534 72 921 85 290 88 039 90 139 101 400 102 155 102 631 Percentage of urban population 6.1 5.9 8.5 8.6 8.6 9.8 9.8 9.7 10.7 10.5 10.3




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 401 059 424 693 441 278 460 182 472 464 476 921 484 540 492 348 504 195 518 050 531 135 Percentage of urban population 57.1 57.0 56.5 56.2 55.7 54.6 53.8 53.2 53.1 53.3 53.4

LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 2 3 6 9 11 13 15 18 18 21 Population in urban areas 10 690 25 099 37 844 74 342 110 895 143 436 180 224 217 637 268 869 291 464 344 192 Percentage of urban population 1.3 2.5 3.1 5.1 6.5 7.2 8.0 8.5 9.3 9.0 9.6




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 462 668 551 932 666 484 792 282 919 931 1 039 625 1 170 342 1 306 384 1 467 390 1 636 636 1 822 436 Percentage of urban population 56.6 55.4 55.2 54.4 53.8 52.5 51.7 50.8 50.7 50.6 50.8




LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 1 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — — — — 10 285 12 576 14 796 28 329 33 296 38 777 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 6.1 6.1 5.8 9.1 8.9 8.6

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — 1 1 1 1 3 3 6 7 Population in urban areas — — — 6 621 8 332 5 485 7 108 19 249 17 927 37 139 48 700 Percentage of urban population — — — 6.0 6.1 3.3 3.4 7.6 5.8 9.9 10.8




OTHER LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 2 3 6 9 10 12 14 16 16 19 Population in urban areas 10 690 25 099 37 844 74 342 110 895 133 151 167 648 202 841 240 541 258 168 305 415 Percentage of urban population 1.4 2.7 3.4 5.5 7.1 7.3 8.1 8.8 9.3 9.0 9.7




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 422 302 500 960 606 323 721 689 832 957 936 329 1 049 077 1 161 937 1 294 126 1 432 130 1 578 559 Percentage of urban population 55.3 54.1 54.2 53.6 53.0 51.7 51.0 50.2 50.1 50.1 50.3

LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS, EXCLUDING CHINA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 2 3 6 8 10 11 13 15 15 17 Population in urban areas 10 690 25 099 37 844 74 342 100 472 130 193 155 004 190 106 228 400 247 973 288 204 Percentage of urban population 1.6 3.2 4.0 6.5 7.6 8.6 9.0 9.7 10.4 10.0 10.4




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 402 503 471 896 560 599 649 400 750 194 849 324 940 788 1 044 648 1 173 854 1 308 733 1 460 690 Percentage of urban population 61.8 59.4 58.6 57.2 56.8 55.9 54.5 53.4 53.3 52.9 53.0




SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — 1 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — 10 572 23 716 28 009 32 559 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — 3.3 6.1 6.1 6.0

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — 1 2 2 2 2 4 7 Population in urban areas — — — — 5 966 12 718 15 875 14 238 12 113 24 685 44 974 Percentage of urban population — — — — 3.3 5.7 5.9 4.4 3.1 5.4 8.3




AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 2 3 3 3 Population in urban areas — — — — — 10 534 11 487 23 076 37 181 42 460 48 120 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 3.6 3.3 5.6 7.7 7.5 7.3





EASTERN AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — 1 3 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — 5 083 17 715 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — 4.3 12.4

1 to 5 million Number of agglomerations — 1 3 5 6 9 9 9 13 14 16 Population in urban areas — 1 175 3 612 6 569 9 152 14 049 16 800 19 815 28 110 30 783 29 563 Percentage of urban population — 5.5 13.1 18.6 21.0 26.3 25.9 25.1 29.2 26.3 20.7






MIDDLE AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — 11 313 13 875 16 762 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — 16.5 16.7 16.8

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — 5 485 7 108 9 052 6 036 7 153 8 236 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 15.1 15.8 16.3 8.8 8.6 8.2


500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 1 2 5 5 6 8 7 8 9 13 15 Population in urban areas 665 1 532 3 008 3 693 4 502 5 420 4 894 5 429 6 013 9 166 10 391 Percentage of urban population 5.2 9.7 15.5 15.4 14.9 14.9 10.9 9.8 8.8 11.0 10.4


NORTHERN AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — 10 534 11 487 12 503 13 465 14 451 15 561 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.2 10.7 10.4

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations 1 1 1 1 1 — — 1 1 2 2 Population in urban areas 6 450 7 349 8 328 9 061 9 707 — — 5 185 6 077 12 227 13 589 Percentage of urban population 17.2 16.4 15.3 14.1 13.1 — — 4.8 5.0 9.1 9.1




SOUTHERN AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —


500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 Population in urban areas 2 152 1 278 1 975 2 482 2 662 1 855 546 606 641 1 187 2 264 Percentage of urban population 16.7 8.7 11.5 12.2 10.9 6.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 3.1 5.6





WESTERN AFRICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — 10 572 12 403 14 134 15 796 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.0

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — 1 1 1 — — 1 2 Population in urban areas — — — — 5 966 7 233 8 767 — — 5 432 11 086 Percentage of urban population — — — — 8.0 7.8 7.7 — — 2.8 4.9




ASIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 1 3 5 7 8 10 11 13 13 16 Population in urban areas 26 615 28 549 50 995 77 306 101 446 120 746 154 230 177 664 212 484 228 121 274 223 Percentage of urban population 4.6 4.1 6.1 7.6 8.5 8.8 9.9 10.0 10.7 10.3 11.2




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 289 700 349 124 429 469 520 690 606 248 682 975 774 104 868 311 973 816 1 083 001 1 204 966 Percentage of urban population 50.5 50.3 51.2 51.3 51.1 49.8 49.5 49.1 49.0 49.0 49.4

EASTERN ASIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 1 2 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 6 Population in urban areas 26 615 28 549 40 654 54 109 65 319 58 858 71 804 74 961 88 206 91 259 103 756 Percentage of urban population 10.4 9.4 11.2 12.2 12.6 9.9 10.6 9.9 10.5 10.0 10.6








SOUTH-CENTRAL ASIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — 1 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 7 Population in urban areas — — 10 341 23 197 36 128 61 888 71 665 80 511 89 524 99 586 131 194 Percentage of urban population — — 3.6 6.9 9.2 13.9 14.2 14.1 13.7 13.4 15.4





SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — 1 1 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — — — — — 10 761 11 662 23 578 25 581 27 171 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — 4.4 4.1 7.2 7.0 6.7

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 Population in urban areas — 11 939 19 176 22 037 23 829 24 680 20 497 22 343 19 169 26 498 34 208 Percentage of urban population — 13.0 16.9 15.8 14.0 11.9 8.3 7.8 5.9 7.2 8.5




WESTERN ASIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — 10 530 11 177 11 695 12 102 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.8

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — 5 407 6 552 7 665 13 944 15 036 5 891 12 023 13 212 14 335 Percentage of urban population — — 7.0 7.0 7.1 11.4 10.9 3.8 7.0 7.0 6.9







EUROPE 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 1 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — — — — 10 016 10 416 10 495 20 530 20 557 20 563 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 1.9 2.0 2.0 3.8 3.8 3.8





EASTERN EUROPE 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — 10 016 10 416 10 495 10 524 10 526 10 526 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations 1 1 1 1 1 — — — — — — Population in urban areas 7 623 8 136 8 580 8 987 9 201 — — — — — — Percentage of urban population 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 — — — — — —




NORTHERN EUROPE 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —








SOUTHERN EUROPE 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations — — — — — 1 1 2 2 2 2 Population in urban areas — — — — — 5 045 5 414 10 821 11 087 11 117 11 117 Percentage of urban population — — — — — 5.3 5.4 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.0




WESTERN EUROPE 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — 1 1 1 Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — 10 007 10 031 10 036 Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — 6.8 6.7 6.5

5 to 10 million Number of agglomerations 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — — — Population in urban areas 8 558 8 669 8 956 9 330 9 510 9 692 9 852 9 958 — — — Percentage of urban population 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 — — —




LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Population in urban areas 10 690 25 099 27 504 40 601 54 088 57 771 61 091 64 328 66 940 68 651 69 617 Percentage of urban population 5.4 10.6 10.0 12.9 15.3 14.7 14.1 13.7 13.2 12.6 12.1








CARIBBEAN 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —



500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 Population in urban areas 575 1 217 1 427 582 584 580 1 158 1 810 1 926 2 027 2 116 Percentage of urban population 4.2 7.9 8.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 4.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1


CENTRAL AMERICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Population in urban areas 10 690 13 010 14 109 15 312 16 811 18 022 18 735 19 485 20 189 20 695 21 009 Percentage of urban population 23.1 23.4 22.0 20.9 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.7 16.9 16.1 15.3





SOUTH AMERICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Population in urban areas — 12 089 13 395 25 289 37 277 39 749 42 356 44 842 46 751 47 956 48 608 Percentage of urban population — 7.3 6.9 11.4 15.0 14.3 13.9 13.5 13.0 12.6 12.1








NORTHERN AMERICA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Population in urban areas 15 880 15 601 26 008 26 969 28 282 29 659 31 039 32 214 33 134 33 831 34 300 Percentage of urban population 8.8 8.3 12.9 12.6 12.2 11.9 11.6 11.3 10.9 10.5 10.2





OCEANIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —



500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 4 3 2 1 1 — 1 2 2 2 2 Population in urban areas 3 308 2 614 1 805 870 976 — 508 1 081 1 153 1 206 1 252 Percentage of urban population 21.7 16.0 10.3 4.6 4.8 — 2.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2


AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —



500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations 4 3 2 1 1 — 1 2 2 2 2 Population in urban areas 3 308 2 614 1 805 870 976 — 508 1 081 1 153 1 206 1 252 Percentage of urban population 23.2 17.3 11.2 5.0 5.2 — 2.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7





MELANESIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —



500 000 to 1 million Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —

Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 656 780 929 1 093 1 217 1 337 1 465 1 622 1 821 2 081 2 431 Percentage of urban population 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

MICRONESIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 152 184 221 261 297 326 360 391 422 455 490 Percentage of urban population 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

POLYNESIA 10 million or more Number of agglomerations — — — — — — — — — — — Population in urban areas — — — — — — — — — — — Percentage of urban population — — — — — — — — — — —




Fewer Than 500 000 Population in urban areas 160 177 198 218 234 251 271 293 318 348 382 Percentage of urban population 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Documents

2007 United Nations World Urbanization Propects_Highlights_web