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IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 1
Coldfusion and PHP introduction
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information
IS 257: Database Management
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 2
Lecture Outline
• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP – DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 3
Lecture Outline
• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP – DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 4
Dynamic Web Applications 2
Server
database
CGI
DBMS
Web Server
Internet
Files
Clients
database
database
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 5
Server Interfaces
Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a Database for Your Web Site
DatabaseWeb Server
Web ApplicationServer
Web DBApp
HTML
JavaScript
DHTML
CGI
Web Server API’s
ColdFusion PhP Perl
Java ASP
SQL
ODBCNative DBinterfaces JDBC
Native DB
Interfaces
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 6
Web Application Server Software
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• ASP
• All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 7
Lecture Outline
• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP – DiveShop in PHP
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 8
Web Application Server Software
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• ASP
• All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 9
ColdFusion
• Developing WWW sites typically involved a lot of programming to build dynamic sites– e.g. Pages generated as a result of catalog
searches, etc.
• ColdFusion was designed to permit the construction of dynamic web sites with only minor extensions to HTML through a DBMS interface
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 10
ColdFusion
• Started as CGI– Drawback, as noted above, is that the entire
system is run for each cgi invocation
• Split into cooperating components– NT service -- runs constantly– Server modules for 4 main Web Server API
(glue that binds web server to ColdFusion service) {Apache, ISAPI, NSAPI, WSAPI}
– Special CGI scripts for other servers
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 11
What ColdFusion is Good for
• Putting up databases onto the Web
• Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates, etc)
• Making databases searchable and updateable by users.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 12
Requirements
• Unix or NT systems
• Install as SuperUser
• Databases must be defined via “data source names (DSNs) by administrator
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 13
Requirements and Set Up
• Field names should be devoid of spaces. Use the underscore character, like new_items instead of "new items."
• Use key fields. Greatly reduces search time. • Check permissions on the individual tables in
your database and make sure that they have read-access for the username your Web server uses to log in.
• If your fields include large blocks of text, you'll want to include basic HTML coding within the text itself, including boldface, italics, and paragraph markers.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 14
Templates
• Assume we have a database named contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table called contents...
• Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm), before <HEAD>...
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 15
Templates cont.
<CFQUERY NAME= ”cart" DATASOURCE=“contents_of_my_shopping_cart">
SELECT * FROM contents ; </CFQUERY>
<HEAD> <TITLE>Contents of My Shopping Cart</TITLE></HEAD><BODY> <H1>Contents of My Shopping Cart</H1> <CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart"> <B>#Item#</B> <BR> #Date_of_item# <BR> $#Price# <P></CFOUTPUT></BODY></HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 16
Templates cont.
Contents of My Shopping Cart
Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings 12 December 1998 $0.25
Shiny Blue Widget 14 December 1998 $2.53
Large Orange Widget 14 December 1998 $3.75
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 17
CFIF and CFELSE
<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart"> Item: #Item# <BR><CFIF #Picture# EQ""> <IMG SRC=“generic_picture.jpg"> <BR><CFELSE> <IMG SRC="#Picture#"> <BR></CFIF></CFOUTPUT>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 18
More Templates
<CFQUERY DATASOURCE = “AZ2”>INSERT INTO Employees(firstname, lastname,phoneext) VALUES(‘#firstname#’, ‘#lastname#’,‘#phoneext#’) </CFQUERY><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Employee Added</TITLE><BODY><H1>Employee Added</H1><CFOUTPUT>Employee <B>#firstname# #lastname#</B> added.</CFOUTPUT></BODY></HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 19
CFML ColdFusion Markup Language
• Read data from and update data to databases and tables
• Create dynamic data-driven pages• Perform conditional processing• Populate forms with live data• Process form submissions• Generate and retrieve email messages• Perform HTTP and FTP function• Perform credit card verification and authorization• Read and write client-side cookies
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 20
ColdFusion Diveshop
• Examples from Fusion
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 21
Lecture Outline
• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP – DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 22
PHP
• PHP is an Open Source Software project with many programmers working on the code.– Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS
project– Free– Both Windows and Unix support
• Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use PHP as an Apache Module.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 23
PHP Syntax
• Similar to “C” or Java (note lines end with “;”)
• Includes most programming structures (Loops, functions, Arrays, etc.)
• Loads HTML form variables so that they are addressable by name
<HTML><BODY>
<?php
$myvar = “Hello World”;
echo $myvar ;
?>
</BODY></HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 24
Combined with MySQL
• DBMS interface appears as a set of functions:
<HTML><BODY><?php$db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”);mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db);$result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db);Printf(“First Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”);Printf(“Last Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”);?></BODY></HTML>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 25
Diveshop PHP
• Examples on Dream…
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 26
ASP – Active Server Pages
• Another server-side scripting language
• From Microsoft using Visual Basic as the Language model (VBScript), though Javascript (actually MS Jscript) is also supported
• Works with Microsoft IIS and gives access to ODBC databases
• Most commonly used for Access or MS SQL Server
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 27
ASP Syntax
<% SQL="SELECT last, first FROM employees ORDER BY last" set conn = server.createobject("ADODB.Connection") conn.open “employee" set people=conn.execute(SQL)%><% do while not people.eof
set resultline=people(0) & “, “ & people(1) & “<BR>” Response.Write(resultline) people.movenextloop%><% people.close %>
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 28
Lecture Outline
• Review– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion– DiveShop in ColdFusion
• PHP – DiveShop in PHP
• More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 29
Today
• More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and modification
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 30
SELECT
• Syntax:– SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as
label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 31
CREATE SYNONYM
• CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname;
• CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE;
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 32
SELECT Conditions
• = equal to a particular value• >= greater than or equal to a particular value• > greater than a particular value• <= less than or equal to a particular value• <> not equal to a particular value• LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card)• IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 33
Aggregate Functions
• COUNT(dataitem)• AVG(numbercolumn)• SUM(numbercolumn)• MAX(numbercolumn)• MIN(numbercolumn)• STDDEV(numbercolumn)• VARIANCE(numbercolumn)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 34
Numeric Functions
• ABS(n)• ACOS(n)• ASIN(n)• ATAN(n)• ATAN2(n, m)• CEIL(n)• COS(n)• COSH(n)
• ROUND(n)• SIGN(n)• SIN(n)• SINH(n)• SQRT(n)• TAN(n)• TANH(n)• TRUNC(n[,
m])
• EXP(n)• EXP(n)• FLOOR(n)• LN(n)• LOG(m,n)• MOD(n)• POWER(m,n)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 35
Character Functions returning character values
• CHR(n)• CONCAT(char1,char2)• INITCAP(char)• LOWER(char)• LPAD(char, n,char2),
RPAD(char, n,char2)• LTRIM(char, n, cset),
RTRIM(char, n, cset)
• REPLACE(char, srch, repl)
• SOUNDEX(char)• SUBSTR(char, m, n)• SUBSTRB(char, m, n)• TRANSLATE(char,
from, to)• UPPER(char)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 36
Character Function returning numeric values
• ASCII(char)• INSTR(char1,
char2[,m, n])• INSTRB(char1,
char2[,m, n])• LENGTH(char)• LENGTHB(char)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 37
Date functions
• ADD_MONTHS(dt, n)• LAST_DAY(d)• MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2)• NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. • NEXT_DAY(d, dayname)• ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc.• SYSDATE• TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 38
Conversion Functions
• CHARTOROWID(char)• CONVERT(char, dchar,
schar)• HEXTORAW(char)• RAWTOHEX(raw)• ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)• TO_CHAR (date, fmt)• TO_DATE(char, fmt)
• TO_NUMBER(char,fmt)
• TO_MULTIBYTE(char)• TO_SINGLE_BYTE(ch
ar)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 39
Create Table
• CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type CONSTRAINT constr3 REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN)), attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value);
• Adds a new table with the specified attributes (and types) to the database.– NOTE that the “CONSTRAINT and name parts are
optional)
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 40
Create Table
• CREATE TABLE table-name ( attr1 attr-type PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type REFERENCES
owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE,
attrN attr-type CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN)
attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value);– Without “CONSTRAINT” and name parts
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 41
Types
• VARCHAR2(size)• NUMBER(p, s)• LONG -- long char data• DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD• RAW(size) -- binary• LONG RAW -- large binary• ROWID -- row reference• CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 42
Alter Table
• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 attr-type;• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1
CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue;• ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY attr1
optiontochange;• ALTER TABLE table-name DROP COLUMN
attr1;• Adds, drops or modifies a column in an existing
database table.– Note: constrainvalue is any column constraint like
‘PRIMARY KEY’, REFERENCES, etc.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 43
INSERT
• INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4, val5,…, “valK”);
• OR
• INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1, col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause;
• Adds a new row(s) to a table.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 44
DELETE
• DELETE FROM table-name WHERE <where clause>;
• Removes rows from a table.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 45
UPDATE
• UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval, attr2 = newval2 WHERE <where clause>;
• changes values in existing rows in a table (those that match the WHERE clause).
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 46
DROP Table
• DROP TABLE tablename;
• Removes a table from the database.
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 47
CREATE INDEX
• CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2 [ASC|DESC], ...])
• Adds an index on the specified attributes to a table
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 48
System Information In ORACLE
• Find all of the tables for a user– SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE
OWNER = ‘userid’;– SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or CAT)
• Show the attributes and types of data for a particular table in SQLPlus– DESCRIBE tablename;
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 49
Running commands
• Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it.– Use a plain text editor and NOT a word
processor (or save as text only)
• Give the file the extension .sql
• From inside SQLPlus type – START filename
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 50
Simple formatting in SQLPlus
• SET PAGESIZE 500
• SET LINESIZE 79
• PROMPT stuff to put out to screen
• TTITLE “title to put at top of results pages”
• COLUMN col_name HEADING “New Name”
IS 257 – Fall 2006 2006.10.17 SLIDE 51
Outputting results as a file…
• SPOOL filename
• Commands – everything that you see is copied to the file
until…
• SPOOL STOP– File will be created with everything between
the SPOOL commands
