2005 Michigan Tech2005 Michigan TechClean SnowmobileClean Snowmobile

Greg DavisGreg DavisDavid MeyerDavid Meyer

Advisor: Dr. Bernhard BettigAdvisor: Dr. Bernhard Bettig

Incorporation of a High Performance, Four-Cylinder, Four-Stroke Motorcycle Engine into a Snowmobile Application

ConceptConcept

Build a high performance, clean, and quietBuild a high performance, clean, and quiet

snowmobile that appeals to a wide audience snowmobile that appeals to a wide audience

and can be adapted to multipleand can be adapted to multiple

applicationsapplications

High PerformanceHigh Performance

Engine – 2003 Honda CBR954RR Engine – 2003 Honda CBR954RR Drive system – Semi-direct drive with Drive system – Semi-direct drive with

crankshaft mounted output systemcrankshaft mounted output systemChassis – 2004 Polaris Pro-XChassis – 2004 Polaris Pro-X

EngineEngine

Honda CBR954RRHonda CBR954RR 4-Stroke4-Stroke 4-Cylinder4-Cylinder 4 valves per cylinder4 valves per cylinder Electronic Fuel Electronic Fuel

InjectionInjection Naturally AspiratedNaturally Aspirated

Snowmobile AdaptationSnowmobile Adaptation

Crankshaft adapter Crankshaft adapter and output shaft and output shaft

Engine side cover Engine side cover to support output to support output shaftshaft

Drive SystemDrive System

Micro Belmont Micro Belmont primary clutchprimary clutch

Team Industries rapid Team Industries rapid reaction roller reaction roller secondary clutchsecondary clutch

FAST gearboxFAST gearbox Shaft support armShaft support arm

ChassisChassis

Over the motor Over the motor steering systemsteering system

Rider position and Rider position and ergonomicsergonomics

Suspension and Suspension and rider comfortrider comfort

CleanClean

3-way Metal substrate catalytic exhaust 3-way Metal substrate catalytic exhaust treatmenttreatment

Honda PAIR valveHonda PAIR valveFuel injection optimizationFuel injection optimization

Catalyst optimizationCatalyst optimizationReduced fuel consumptionReduced fuel consumption

EmissionsEmissions

Fuel Injection Setup

02468

1012141618

5 4 3

Mode

Air

/Fu

el R

atio

Stock HondaSystem

Addition ofCatalyst only

Catalyist with FuelInjection Tuning

Carbon Monoxide Emissions

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

5 4 3

Mode

Qu

anti

ty

Stock HondaSystem

Addition ofCatalyst only

Catalyist withFuel InjectionTuning

NOx Emissions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

5 4 3

Mode

Qu

anti

ty Stock Honda System

Addition of Catalyst only

Catalyist with Fuel InjectionTuning

Hydro Carbon Emissions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

5 4 3

Mode

Qu

an

tity

Stock HondaSystem

Addition ofCatalyst only

Catalyist withFuel InjectionTuning

Percent Reduction Emissions

As compared to stock Honda System

Emissions Setup Mode HC CO NOx

Catalyst 5 82 27 100

  4 16 -290 99

  3 10 -62 98

Catalyst 5 95 98 78

w/ FI tuning 4 96 98 98

  3 95 96 80

QuietQuiet

Custom mufflerCustom mufflerQuiet trackQuiet trackUnder hood sound absorption foamUnder hood sound absorption foam Integrated motor mount bushings Integrated motor mount bushings

Muffler DesignMuffler Design

Frequency analysis Frequency analysis completedcompleted

Peak frequencies Peak frequencies identifiedidentified

Combination reactive Combination reactive and absorptive and absorptive mufflermuffler

Muffler tuned to Muffler tuned to eliminate peak eliminate peak frequenciesfrequencies

Further Noise ReductionFurther Noise Reduction

Various tracks tested Various tracks tested on simulation standon simulation stand

Sound absorption Sound absorption foam used to reduce foam used to reduce under hood noiseunder hood noise

Motor mount Motor mount bushings integrated to bushings integrated to reduce vibration reduce vibration

Environmental PerspectiveEnvironmental Perspective

CleanCleanGreater than 95% reduction in HC and COGreater than 95% reduction in HC and CO22

Greater than 78% reduction in NOxGreater than 78% reduction in NOx Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPGIncreased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPGReduction in burned oilReduction in burned oil

QuietQuiet35dB reduction in exhaust noise35dB reduction in exhaust noiseSuspension and track noise reductionSuspension and track noise reduction

Operator PerspectiveOperator Perspective

Fun to Ride Due to High Specific Power and Fuel Fun to Ride Due to High Specific Power and Fuel EconomyEconomy 32.14 W/N32.14 W/N Increased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPGIncreased Fuel Economy, 14.5 MPG

Low MaintenanceLow Maintenance Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug FoulingSeasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling High DurabilityHigh Durability

Drive System, Four-Stroke ReliabilityDrive System, Four-Stroke Reliability

AffordabilityAffordability Average of $110 Savings per Season in Petroleum ProductsAverage of $110 Savings per Season in Petroleum Products Fuel cost savings due to higher fuel economyFuel cost savings due to higher fuel economy

Dealer/Outfitter PerspectiveDealer/Outfitter Perspective

AffordableAffordable $1314 additional technology per CSC TICA Form$1314 additional technology per CSC TICA Form

Reduced MaintenanceReduced Maintenance Seasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug FoulingSeasonal Oil Change, Reduced Spark Plug Fouling Less Cost of MaintainingLess Cost of Maintaining

Easy tunabilityEasy tunability Simple clutch tuning transforms a touring sled into a Simple clutch tuning transforms a touring sled into a

high performance machine in minutes for minimal costhigh performance machine in minutes for minimal cost Increased DurabilityIncreased Durability

Drive System, Four-Stroke ReliabilityDrive System, Four-Stroke Reliability

QuestionsQuestions