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2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). Nutrition in India Dissemination Seminar on Subject Reports Findings. Topics. Children’s nutrition Nutritional status Anaemia Child feeding practices Micronutrients ICDS food supplementation. Topics. Adult nutrition Nutritional status - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)
Nutrition in IndiaDissemination Seminar onSubject Reports Findings
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
TopicsChildren’s nutrition
Nutritional statusAnaemiaChild feeding practicesMicronutrientsICDS food supplementation
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Topics
Adult nutritionNutritional statusAnaemiaFood consumption
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Children’s Nutrition
Stunting and underweight in India are 20 times as high as
would be expected in a healthy, well-nourished population
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA
Percent
Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years
47
1619
2022
2629
3236
3941
4445
4648
DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06
Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003
Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003
Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06
Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4
Niger 2006Nepal 2006
Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06
Prevalence of under-weight is higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA
Percent
Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years
47
1619
2022
2629
3236
3941
4445
4648
DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06
Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003
Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003
Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06
Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4
Niger 2006Nepal 2006
Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06
Prevalence of under-weight higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Undernutrition (children under age 3)
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Underweight by Wealth Quintiles
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA
Percent
Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years
47
1619
2022
2629
3236
3941
4445
4648
DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06
Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003
Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003
Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06
Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4
Niger 2006Nepal 2006
Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06
Prevalence of under-weight higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
Poor Nutrition as a Contributing Factor to Under-Five Mortality
Contribution to Under-5 Mortality
Severe malnutrition 11%
Mild to moderate malnutrition
43%
Neonatal deaths
Malaria
Measles
Other causes
Diarrhoea
ARI
Poor nutrition contributes to 54% of deaths under age 5
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices
• Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth• Achievement: 25%
• Goal: No prelacteal feeding• Achievement: 43%
• Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding (6 months)• Achievement: 46%
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)
• Goal: Timely complementary feeding (age 6-8 months)
• Achievement: 53%
• Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and feed a minimum number of times from a minimum number of food groups (age 6-23 months) • Achievement: 21%
These are recommended IYCF feeding practices
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Micronutrient Intake
• Goal: Vitamin A supplements every 6 months from 9 months to 3 years• Achievement: 25%
• Goal: Universal salt iodization• Achievement: 47% of children
live in households using adequately iodized salt
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia among Children Age 6-35 Months
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
ICDS Utilization
72% of NFHS-3 enumeration areas were covered by an anganwadi centre (AWC)
Although ICDS coverage is fairly high, only 28% of children under age 6 years received any service from an AWC in the last year
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC?
33
2623
20 18 16
05
101520253035404550
Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Adult NutritionThe poor nutrition conditions of young children in India have received much attention recently, but adults are also experiencing a variety of nutritional problems
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Percentage of Adults Age 15-49 Malnourished
36
20
13
34
149
05
101520253035404550
Too thin Moderately or severely thin
Overweight or obese
Women Men
In the highest wealthquintile, 31% of women
are overweight, including 8% who are obese
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
INDIA Nagpur Indore Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Meerut Hy-der-abad
Chennai0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
13
1922
27 2730 30
33
39Women age 15-49
Percentage of Women Overweight or Obese
Even in the slums, 19-39% of women are overweight/obese
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA
Percent
Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years
47
1619
2022
2629
3236
3941
4445
4648
DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06
Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003
Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003
Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06
Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4
Niger 2006Nepal 2006
Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06
Prevalence of under-weight higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
Trends in Malnutrition Among Ever-married Women 15-49 Years
36
11
53
33
15
52
Too thin Overweight/obese Normal weight
NFHS-2 NFHS-3Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Dual Burden of Malnutrition
Percent of women age 15-49
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia in Women and Men
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Consumption of Meat, Chicken or Fish
Women Men7 7
29 3432 3533 24
NeverOccasionallyWeeklyDaily
Percent of women and men age 15-49
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5INDIA
Percent
Undernutrition Among Children Under Five Years
47
1619
2022
2629
3236
3941
4445
4648
DR 2007Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-06
Cameroon 2004Kenya 2003
Malawi 2004Guinea 2005Nigeria 2003
Mali 2006Cambodia 2005-06
Ethiopia 2005Madagascar 2003-4
Niger 2006Nepal 2006
Bangladesh 2007India 2005-06
Prevalence of under-weight higher in India than in any of the other 40 countries with DHS surveys in the last 5 years.
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
50 percent or more 20-49 percentHaryana (88%)Rajasthan (75%)Punjab (75%)Gujarat (70%)
Madhya Pradesh (57%)Himachal Pradesh (64%)Delhi (52%)
Uttar PradeshUttarkhandMaharashtra
KarnatakaJammu & KashmirChhattisgarh
10-19 percent Less than 10 percentBiharSikkim
JharkhandTamil NaduAndhra PradeshOrissaGoa
KeralaAssamWest BengalArunachal PradeshTripura
MizoramManipurMeghalayaNagaland
Vegetarianism Among Women 15-49 Years
Percent of women who never eat meat, chicken, or fish
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
ConclusionsChildren in India suffer from some of the highest levels of stunting, wasting and underweight in the world, and the situation has not improved markedly in recent years.
Anaemia levels among children are very high and they have actually increased since the time of NFHS-2.
Most recommended infant and young child feeding practices are widely ignored by parents.
The ICDS programme, which has been in operation for more than 30 years, has not been able to reduce malnutrition to acceptable levels in any state.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Conclusion
The adult population suffers from a dual burden of undernutrition and overweight/ obesity
Almost half of women and more than 40% of men in most population subgroups are either too thin or too fat
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Policy and Program Messages
Disadvantaged groups have more serious nutrition problems than other groups, so targeted nutrition programmes are needed to improve their conditions.
Poverty is strongly related to malnutrition, but poverty reduction programmes alone will not eliminate nutritional deficiencies.
Nutritional problems are widespread even among the best educated and wealthiest groups, so programmes cannot ignore these groups.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Policy and Program Messages
Poor feeding practices for children have made it difficult to make solid improvements in the nutritional status of children, so education on proper infant and child feeding is vital.
Although overweight and obesity are much less of a problem in India than in more developed countries, this is a growing problem among adults, particularly in the cities. Programmes to prevent the spread of overweight and obesity need to be strengthened.
The coverage of the ICDS programme is quite good in most places, but improvements in the quality of ICDS services are needed to increase utilization.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
There is no longer any doubt that nutritional problems in India need to be urgently
addressed. The good news is that health officials now seem energized to take on the
challenge and to implement innovative programmes to get results.
We all hope that NFHS-4 and other data collection efforts in the coming years will be able to document the fruits of these efforts.
Final Word
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Thank You