2003.12.2-3

Kilnam ChonKAISTKorea

chon@cosmos.kaist.ac.kr

Advanced Networks and Digital Divide in East Asia

2003 Int’l Symposium on Bridging the Digital Divide in East Asia

Table of Contents

1. Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia 2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access 3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth 4. Intercontinental Trade 5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries 6. APAN Network Topology 7. Regional Net Groups 8. Lambda Networking in North Asia 9. Broadband Access10. Broadband Applications : Classification11. EuropeAid12. RemarkReferenceAppendix : Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking – Asia and the World

1. Digital Divide on Research and Education Networks in East Asia

Aggregated International Bandwidth (in Gbps)

North East Asia (2003.12) (2004.12)   China 0.5 6   Japan 23.0 40   Korea 2.2 2.4 Taiwan 5.3 5.3

South East Asia   Cambodia ? ?   Indonesia 0.002 0.002   Laos ? ?   Malaysia 0.002 0.06 Myanmar ? ?   Philippines 0.003 0.003   Singapore 0.1 0.1   Thailand 0.2 0.2   Vietnam 0.002 0.002

  (USA) > 140.0   (Netherlands) 30~40

2. Digital Divide on Broadband Access

                                                  

0 5 10 15 20 25

Finland

Singapore

Japan

Sw itzerland

United States

Netherlands

Austria

Sw eden

Belgium

Denmark

Iceland

Taiw an, China

Canada

Hong Kong, China

Korea (Rep.)

DSL

Cable

Other

Broadband penetration, subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology, 2002

21.3

14.6

11.5

8.6

8.4

7.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.1

5.5

5.3

50%

45%

5%

Breakdown of technology worldwide, 2002

9.4

6.3

8.7

Source : ITUNote : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

3. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth

NorthAmerica

LatinAmerica

Asia

Europe

Africa

162Gbps

0.4Gbps

14Gbps

0.8Gbps

1.2Gbps 42Gbps

Telegeography 2001

4. Intercontinental Trade

Europe

Asia

NorthAmerica

428 Billion

413 Billion

564 Billion

WTO International Trade Statistics 2000

5. Intercontinental Internet Bandwidth for Asian Countries

Japan

China

India

Hong Kong

Korea

Singapore

Malaysia

Philippines

Taiwan

Europe

North America

0.95Gpps

0.39Gpps 18.0

3Gbp

s

0.1Gbps1.64Gbps

3.73Gbps

ASIA

0.37

Gbp

s

0.54

Gbp

s1.

03G

bps

3.6

5G

bps

0.53

Gbp

s

0.06Gbps

0.07Gbps

0.40Gbps

1.93Gbps

0.02Gbps

0.20Gbps

0.15Gbps

0.10Gbps

2.56

Gbps

1.17Gbps

0.65Gbps

Telegeography 2001

6. APAN Network Topology

Access PointExchange PointCurrent Status2004 (plan)

USA

Europe

Australia

Indonesia

Vietnam

Sri Lanka

Korea

Thailand

Malaysia

Singapore

Taiwan

Russia

Philippines

China

Hong Kong

Japan

7. Regional Net Groups

APAN Member

For more information : http://apan.net/documents/linkinfo.xls

TWHK

Russia

South Asia Net

Central Asia Net

China

PH

AU

MYSG

CN

KR

Oceania Net

South East Asia Net

North Asia Net

CentralAsia

WestAsia

LK

SouthAsia Net

JP

TH

8. Lambda Networking in North Asia

LambdaLambda (in 2004~2005)

CA*net

GEANT

Surfnet

US Exchange

AbileneESNETNRENDREN

CERNShanghai

Seoul-XP

Busan

Kyushu Tokyo-XP

RENATER

Nordunet

SuperJANET

DFN

Beijing

Hong Kong

(USA-Europe-Russia)

9. Broadband Access

9.1 Wireline

9.2 Wireless

9.3 Broadband Penetration

9.4 Broadband Access (2003)

                                                  

(1) Dialup    ~ 64 Kbps

 (2) DSL/Cable 0.1 ~ 40 Mbps      Cable  1~ 10 Mbps (shared)      ADSL  1~ 8 Mbps (dedicated)      VDSL    20~ 50 Mbps or more (dedicated)  (3) Ethernet   100 Mbps ~ 10 Gbps (dedicated)

9.1 Wireline

                                                  

 (1) Wireless LAN         802.11b 11 Mbps (shared)        802.11a         54 Mbps (shared) 802.11g 54 Mbps (shared) 802.16 50 Mbps 802.20 2 Mbps with mobility

 (2) Mobile Phone 2.5~3G   0.1~ 2 Mbps         4G   20~50 Mbps

9.2 Wireless

                                                  

9.3

0 5 10 15 20 25

Finland

Singapore

Japan

Sw itzerland

United States

Netherlands

Austria

Sw eden

Belgium

Denmark

Iceland

Taiw an, China

Canada

Hong Kong, China

Korea (Rep.)

DSL

Cable

Other

Broadband penetration, subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology, 2002

21.3

14.6

11.5

8.6

8.4

7.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.1

5.5

5.3

50%

45%

5%

Breakdown of technology worldwide, 2002

9.4

6.3

8.7

Source : ITUNote : Data for Canada and United States are estimates.

Economy       Subscribers Per Capital Per Household   Growth Rate

Korea      10 million   21% 75% ~20%Hong Kong 1 million 15% > 100%Taiwan  2.5 million       11% >100~300%Canada   2.5 million       11% 36% ~20%Japan      11 million    9% 27% >100~300%Singapore 0.3 million 7% ~20%USA        16 million      7% 18% ~20%

Remark:  China is catching up, in particular among big cities.   Korea, Canada and Sweden are leading in LAN(100 Mbps) Source : Wall Street Journal (2003.10.13), ITU (2003.4.7) and Others

9.4 Broadband Access (2003)

10. Broadband Applications : Classification

(1) General Internet Access    - Browsing    - Messaging    - File Downloading    - Games

(2) Audio and Video     - Audio Delivery    - Internet Telephony    - Video Delivery    - Video Conference

(3) New Applications    - Peer-to-Peer Applications    - Distributed Work     - Distance Learning    - Home Content

11. EuropeAid

- Southeast Europe (SEEREN) - The Mediterranean (EUMED)- Latin America (ALICE)- Asia (“TEIN2”) for ASEM/ASEAN+ countries need good regional cooperation effort

Project for Developing Countries

12. Remark

1. Digital divides may be widening in advanced networks.2. Some emerging from developing countries to developed countries. (Example : Korea, China, ….)3. Need good charging policy on telecommunication links.

(from monopoly to market-driven)4. Many developing countries could take advantage of “late comer” in particular on the broadband access and wireless.5. Need good regional cooperation.

Reference

K. Chon  Global Research & Education Networking,2003.

K. Chon  Broadband Networks,2003.

ITU Promoting Broadband : Background Paper,2003.

EuropeAid www.dante.net

1. Lambda Networking in Asia (in 2004)

Appendix 1. Latest Gigabit/Lambda Networking in Asia and the World

Europe

Russia

China

Hong Kong

Korea

Japan

Taiwan

USA10Gbps

100 Gbps

2.5~10Gbps2Gbps

35Gbps

3Gbps2.5Gbps

5Gbps

2. Major Programs in USA

- 10 Gbps Around the World

Gloriad : USA – (Amsterdam) – Russia – China TransPac : USA – Japan ESNET : USA – Europe

- National Lambda Rail (HOPI : Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure)

2.1 Gloriad

3. Major Programs in Europe

- EuropAid to All Continents

Eastern Europe (SEEREN)Mediterranean (EUMED)Latin America (ALICE)Asia (TEIN 2)(Africa)

- GEANT 2 (2004-2008)

4. Asia

Japan : Japan – Hong Kong : 2.5 Gbps (in 2004) Japan – Korea : 2 Gbps

Japan – USA : TransPac 5 Gbps (20Gbps in 2004) SINET 5 Gbps IEEAF 10 Gbps

China : China – Russia –(Amsterdam)– USA 10 Gbps (in 2004) China – Hong Kong 3.1 Gbps (in 2004)

Taiwan : Taiwan – USA 5 Gbps

5. TransLight Lambdas

European lambdas to US–8 GigEs Amsterdam—Chicago–8 GigEs London—Chicago

Canadian lambdas to US–8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-NYC–8 GigEs Chicago-Canada-Seattle

US lambdas to Europe–4 GigEs Chicago—Amsterdam–3 GigEs Chicago—CERN

European lambdas–8 GigEs Amsterdam—CERN –2 GigEs Prague—Amsterdam–2 GigEs Stockholm—Amsterdam–8 GigEs London—Amsterdam

TransPAC lambda (yellow)–1 GigE Chicago—Tokyo

IEEAF lambdas (blue)–8 GigEs NYC—Amsterdam–8 GigEs Seattle—Tokyo

6. Global Lambda Interconnection Facility (GLIF)

DWDM SURFnet

Expected 2H03

10 Gbit/s

SURFnet10 Gbit/s

SURFnet10 Gbit/s

IEEAF10 Gbit/s

GenevaCERN

GenevaCERN

DwingelooASTRON/JIVE

DwingelooASTRON/JIVE

PragueCzechLight

PragueCzechLight

2.5 Gbit/s

NSF10 Gbit/s

ChicagoStarLightChicagoStarLight

LondonUKLightLondonUKLight

StockholmNorthern

Light

StockholmNorthern

Light

CA*net4

2.5 Gbit/s

New YorkMANLANNew YorkMANLAN

TokyoWIDETokyoWIDE

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

IEEAF10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s

TokyoAPANTokyoAPAN

AmsterdamNetherLightAmsterdamNetherLight

7. Lambda Workshop

2001. 9 Amsterdam

2002. 9 Amsterdam (?)

2003. 8 Iceland (Nordunet)

2004. 9 London (eScience)

2005. 9 San Diego (iGrid)

8. Remark

1)Internet 2

1st Phase vBNS (ATM)

2nd Phase Abilene (SONET)

3rd PhaseAbilene + NLR (HOPI)

Remark : NLR National Lambda Rail HOPI Hybrid Optical Packet Infrastructure

Reference

APAN apan.net

CCIRN www.ccirn.org

GEANT www.dante.org

Gloriad www.ccirn.org/general/presentation3.htm

TransLight www.ccirn.org/general/presentation3.htm

(Tom DeFanti)