2002 Disease and Insect IPM in the Home Orchard · 2002 Disease and Insect IPM in the Home Orchard Taft H. Eaker, Homeowner IPM Specialist Dan Horton, Extension Entomologists Managing

2002Disease and Insect IPM in the Home Orchard

Cooperative Extension ServiceThe University of GeorgiaCollege of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Table of Contents

Managing Diseases and Insects in the Home Orchard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Plant Selection and Resistant Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Pest Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Mechanical Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Biological Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chemical Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Cultural Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5General Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Home Orchard Apple IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Home Orchard Blueberry IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Home Orchard Bramble IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Home Orchard Bunch Grape IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Home Orchard Muscadine IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Home Orchard Peach, Plum and Nectarine IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Stages of Bud Development: Plum & Peach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Home Orchard Pear IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Home Orchard Strawberry IPM Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Pesticide Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

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2002 Disease and Insect IPM in the Home OrchardTaft H. Eaker, Homeowner IPM Specialist

Dan Horton, Extension Entomologists

Managing Diseases and Insects in the Home Orchard

Backyard fruit production can be an enjoyable andrewarding hobby, but you may be disappointed

unless you take steps to manage disease and insectpests. The following Home Orchard Pest ManagementGuides offer suggestions and guidance on cultural andchemical control practices that provide an acceptabledegree of protection from the most common pests.Managing disease, insect and weed pests of fruit is bestaccomplished by carefully monitoring and implement-ing appropriate controls in a timely manner. A soundintegrated pest management (IPM) program is neces-sary to control pests and to consistently produce qualityfruit. Pest resistant varieties are rare in fruit culture, butproperly sited and cared-for plants are healthier andmore tolerant of pests. Basic components of an IPMprogram include proper cultural care, pest identifica-tion, mechanical and cultural control (pruning, weed-ing, sanitation), biological control (optimizing theimpact of beneficial organisms) and chemical control(pesticides).

If you are willing to accept a reduction in fruit yieldand/or cosmetic quality, some fruit crops can be grownsuccessfully without spraying if good growing tech-niques and sanitation are practiced. Fruits that may begrown in this manner have a statement to that effect infront of the spray schedule.

Plant Selection and ResistantVarieties (Host Plant Resistance) When selecting new plants, choose adapted varie-

ties and the most resistant varieties available. Thepublications Southeastern Home Fruit Pest Manage-ment and Culture and the Home Garden FruitHorticulture Bulletins, available at your countyextension office, provide a list of well-adapted, resis-tant varieties for most fruit crops grown in Georgia.

Pest IdentificationWeeds, rodents and some other wildlife, harmful

insects and mites and disease organisms such as fungi,bacteria and viruses are examples of organisms that canreach damaging levels in the home orchard. It is essen-

tial to identify the organism accurately before imple-menting control strategies. Proper identification pre-vents waste of time and money caused by using thewrong material to control a pest and also preventsexposure of the environment to excess pesticide. Con-trol strategies for disease organisms are primarilypreventive — take control measures when conditionspromoting disease are present but before symptoms ofdisease are evident. An example of this is fungicidecover sprays used from after bloom to harvest to pre-vent bitter rot of apple. Control strategies for weed andinsect problems, however, are more reactive and areoften taken after a pest problem has been detected,unless a chronic seasonal pest problem gives you causeto treat preventively. An example is an oil spray usedwhile apple trees are dormant to prevent resurgence ofscale, mite and aphid populations.

Mechanical ControlMechanical controls include using mulches or cover

crops to reduce weed invasion, pruning out diseased orinsect-infested branches, applying burlap or stickymaterial to tree trunks to trap crawling insects, thinningto improve air circulation through plants, and hand-picking pest insects or diseased fruit and foliage (whenpractical).

Biological ControlMany naturally-occurring organisms in your

orchard help you control diseases and insect pests.These are referred to as beneficial organisms or natu-ral enemies. A number of fungi and viruses infect pestinsects and mites. Insect predators like lady beetles andpraying mantids feed on aphids and other destructiveinsects. Many wasps and flies parasitize pest insects.Their young develop in or on other insects, killingthem in the process. Encourage the activities of bene-ficial organisms in the orchard by providing shelteringhabitats such as strips of cover crops or ground covers,perennial flower beds for nectar- and pollen-feeders,temporary water sources and rocks where predatorybeetles can hide. Beneficial fungi, mites and insects

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also are available commercially through catalogues orgarden centers. Naturally-occurring populations ofthese organisms can be increased, typically only tem-porarily, by releasing purchased beneficials.

Incorporating natural enemies into your pest controlprogram will be more effective if you are selective inyour choice of chemical pesticides and cultural controltechniques. Whenever possible, choose pesticides spe-cific to your pest problem. For example, different for-mulations of the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis(B.t.), specifically target early instar caterpillars, bee-tles, or flies and won’t harm beneficials. The use ofB.t. is also an example of biological control. Insecti-cidal soaps are “soft” contact insecticides that tend toharm fewer beneficials than many chemical pesticides.

Chemical ControlHome orchard pesticide products frequently use the

same or related materials that commercial growers use. From a practical standpoint, concentration is the mostimportant difference between these formulations. Themore dilute products offer the applicator an additionalmeasure of safety. Follow recommended spray rates,intervals and application methods. The presence ofwhite residue on foliage and fruit does not alwaysensure retention of an effective residual of pesticide(s).

Always read pesticide product labels carefullybefore purchasing or using them. Be certain the labelindicates the material(s) are cleared for use on yourcrop. Carefully follow all precautionary statements.They protect you, the environment and those whoconsume your crop. They are legally binding. Genericsafety considerations for home orchard pesticide appli-cators follow:F Wear goggles or other eye protection to shield

yourself from spray drift.F Wear long sleeves, long trousers and shoes.F Remove and launder clothing worn when applying

pesticides. Launder these clothes separately beforereusing them.

F Always check for and follow the pre-harvestinterval(s) listed on the pesticide label(s) and usethe longest one. Usually they are listed in days orhours. Do not harvest or consume fruit until afterthe pre-harvest interval has expired.

F Many pesticides, especially insecticides, are toxicto honey bees and other pollinators. Do not sprayduring bloom unless the product label specificallyrecommends bloom sprays and do not apply insect-icides if bees are foraging on orchard weeds.

F Assume pesticides to be toxic to fish and othernon-target organisms. Do not apply to water orwhere run-off can occur.

F Store pesticides in original containers only.Home orchardists often find pre-mixed “home

orchard fruit sprays” to be the most available andpractical pesticide options. They are convenient formu-lations that eliminate much of the measuring and mix-ing associated with developing tank mixes from indi-vidual pesticides. However, these products reduce theapplicator’s ability to adjust rates up or down as pestpressures change. If pests are present, especially whenthe weather is wet, spray pre-mixed products sooner, asfew as 7 to 10 days between sprays. If conditions aredry and no pests or injury are found, spray intervalsoften may be extended from the standard 14-day inter-val to 18 or 21 days. Home fruit spray products aregood general combinations, but they do not controloutbreaks of mites or other occasional but poten-tially damaging pests. If you use a ready-mixed homefruit pesticide mixture, follow the manufacturer’srecommendations and apply at the recommended ratestated on the label. Best results are achieved when theproduct used is recommended and labeled for the pestyou need to control. Home fruit sprays are listed in thisguide where appropriate. Whether you use a ready-mixed, general purpose spray or homemade mixture,timing and thoroughness of spray coverage areextremely important.

Tips for a Good Spray Program1. DO NOT use herbicides (weed killers) in sprayers

to be used for fungicides and insecticides.2. Apply dormant and delayed dormant oil sprays

only when the temperature is expected to be above40 degrees F and below 85 degrees F for 24 hours.

3. Stir the spray mixture or shake the sprayer oftenwhile spraying so the chemicals will not settle out.

4. Spray before rains for disease control. Diseasesdevelop in as few as six to eight hours when plantsare wet.

5. Mix fresh spray for each application. Add spraymaterials to a little water in a clean container andsmooth out all lumps before pouring the materialinto the sprayer. Strain the spray mixture through ascreen when filling the sprayer to help preventnozzle clogging. Always use clean water.

6. Prune trees so you can reach all parts with yourhome orchard sprayer. Large trees are difficult tospray thoroughly and you will need an extension

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rod to get proper spray coverage. It is unsafe tospray fruit tree while using a ladder.

7. Spray carefully and thoroughly to cover all parts offlowers, leaves and fruits. Spray until a noticeableamount drips from the tree. Cover both upper andlower leaf surfaces. The following table gives theapproximate amount of spray solution or mixtureneeded for various sizes of fruit trees in full leaf

Height(feet)

Spread(feet)

Gallons toApply

5-8 3-6 1/2-1

8-12 6-9 1-3

8. Dispose of surplus pesticides and containers inaccordance with label instructions so contamina-tion of water and other hazards will not result.

9. Wash out the sprayer as soon as you stop spraying. Do not wait until the next day. A 24-hour delay incleaning may cause a clogged sprayer.

Cultural Controls1. Proper site selection and planting. A healthy

plant is the best defense against disease and pest insectproblems. For purposes of this publication, we assumethe orchard site was selected for maximum benefit ofyour plants, that the soil is tested each season andrecommended amendments made prior to planting, andthat the soil was well-tilled and your trees/vines/shrubswere planted properly. Your county extension agentcan provide advice and information on these topics.

2. Irrigation and plant nutrition. Extremes in soilmoisture and fertility will stress plants, making themmore susceptible to attack by disease-causing organ-isms and pest insects. Seasonal soil testing and exten-sion publications will guide you in managing soilfertility. Your county extension agent can teach youhow to properly sample your orchard soil and submit asample for analysis. Learn the water requirements foryour fruit crop(s) and try to avoid extreme fluctuationsin soil moisture. Don’t forget that, although the plantsmay be dormant during the late fall and winter, theystill need water during dry periods.

3. Sanitation. Prune out and destroy all dead anddiseased branches in all fruit trees. Prune to maintain avery open tree that dries quickly and is easy to spray. Itis difficult to get adequate insect and disease controlwith a hand sprayer on trees more than 10 feet tall and

8 feet across. Use light summer pruning to open uptrees. Improper pruning cuts leave trees open to pestinvasion. Publications on proper pruning techniquesare available in your county extension office.

Dried berries, fruit, leaves and other refuse shouldbe turned under the soil or raked up, composted ordestroyed during the year and during a fall clean-up.Plant debris and weeds provide shelter during thegrowing season and an overwintering habitat forpathogenic organisms and pest insects. In spring afterthe risk of frost is past, thin to improve fruit size.During the growing season, selectively remove anddestroy fruit that has disease or insect injury. Removeand destroy fruit that drops to the ground. Timelycultivation can be an important part of the sanitationprogram for control of diseases and insects on all fruit. Control weeds throughout the spring and summer tomake spraying easier, to provide good air circulationand to reduce competition for nutrients and water.

General NotesMites

Mites are sometimes quite damaging to fruit crops.These tiny, eight-legged, spider-like creatures rasp theleaf surface and wound the leaves. This releases plantjuices for the mites to feed on. Mites are capable ofexplosive population growth. Their feeding weakensfruit trees, often reducing fruit size and the returnbloom for the next year’s crop. Mite-damaged leavesmay be bronzed, stippled or off-colored. Apples, pearsand plums are especially sensitive to mite damage. Tohelp reduce mite problems, treat most home tree fruitorchards two times every year before bud break with 2percent oil treatments. Make a dormant oil treatmentand a delayed dormant oil treatment. As needed, in-season applications of 1-2 percent highly refined sum-mer oils such as Sunspray will control mites. Pay closeattention to label precautions as phytotoxicity (bum)can occur from in-season application of even summeroils.

Pollination: Don’t Use InsecticidesWhen Blossoms Are Present

Honey bees and/or other pollinating insects mustvisit blossoms for fruit to develop on most orchardplants. Insecticides applied when the plants are inbloom will kill these helpful insects, resulting in littleor no fruit. Fungicides may be applied during bloomwhen they are recommended, but not insecticides.

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HOME ORCHARD APPLE IPM GUIDE

TIME OFAPPLICATION

TOCONTROL MATERIAL AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL

PREHARVESTINTERVAL REMARKS

Dormant (before buds beginto swell)

scalemitesaphids

70-sec Superior Oil 3 oz. 12 hrs pre-bloom use

only

This is a very important spray. Sprayentire tree to run off, use at least 1/2 gal.finished spray per tree. Do not apply after1/4 inch green tip.

Mow the orchard area shortly before apple buds break. This lowers plant bug numbers and improves control.Black rot, bitter rot and white (Bot) rot survive the winter on dead wood in the tree and on the ground. Spores disseminated to apple buds in December, January,and February may infect at silver tip. Carefully prune to remove all dead wood from the tree. Disinfest pruners with 10% bleach or rubbing alcohol after each cut. Complete sanitation by removing dead wood from the ground. To control bitter rot, it is also necessary to remove all dried fruit (last year’s crop) from trees and theground. After you have done this for 2 years, you may not need the pre-pink, pink, bloom and petal fall captan sprays. Consult your county extension agent foradvice on deleting these preventive sprays if your fruit has very little disease and your sanitation is good.Scab, Brooks spot, Alternaria leaf blotch, and Necrotic leafblotch of ‘Goldens’ overwinter on dead leaves on the ground. Raking and composting or destroying theseleaves will control or greatly aid in control of these diseases. Do this as soon after leaf fall as possible.

Silver tip (when swollen buds first break anddevelop a silvercolor)

black rot Captan 50WP

3 1/3 Tbs. 4 days day of harvest Black rot infection occurs around thistime. A very important spray for thisdisease. Good sanitation is also importantfor control.

Between Silver tipand Green tip

fire blight copperhydroxide(Kocide 101, Hi-Yield CopperFungicide, KOP-Hydroxide)

see label 1 day pre-green tip only Kills bacteria which ooze from overwintering cankers. Crop injury may occurif applied later than 1/2 inch green tip. Important spray after a bad fire blightyear.

Delayed dormant (when 1/4 inch ofgreen is showing)

scalemitesaphids

70-sec Superior Oil plusMalathion57EC* orOrtho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor15%, captan14.7%)

3 oz.

2 tsp.

12 ozs.

12 hrs

12 hrs

12 hrs

pre-bloom only

3 days

7 days

This is a very important spray for scale,mites and aphids.

Prepink (when center budsfirst show pink)

black rotBrooks spotscabcedar applerust

plant bugsgreenfruitworm

Captan 50WP plus

Immunox orferbam plusOrtho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor15%, captan14.7%)

2 Tbs.

1/2 oz.

see label

12 ozs.

4 days

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

14 days

7 days

7 days

Only use Immunox or ferbam when cedarapple rust is an annual problem.

An important plant bug and aphid spray.

Ortho Home Orchard Spray containscaptan, malathion and methoxychlor andmay be used for control of both disease(except for cedar apple rust) and insectpests.

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HOME ORCHARD APPLE IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION


REENTRYINTERVAL


Pink black rotBrooks spotscabcedar applerust

fire blight

Captan 50 WP plus

Immunox orferbam

streptomycin

2 Tbs.

1/2 oz.

see label

see label

4 days

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

14 days

7 days

50 days

Fire blight develops on tender shoots andblooms when temperatures are between 65and 800F and it is humid and/or raining. Ifthese conditions occur or are forecast,apply streptomycin within 24 hoursbefore rain. Re-spray before the next rainif bee activity has occurred.

Bloom black rotscab

Fire blight

cedar applerust

Captan 50WP plusstreptomycin(bactericide)

Immunox orferbam

2 Tbs.

see label

½ oz.

see label

4 days

12 hrs

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

50 days

14 days

7 days

Conditions conducive to fire blight arelisted above. Always spray streptomycinunder these conditions. Spray within 24hours before rain. Re-spray before the nextrain if bee activity has occurred or every3-4 days during the bloom period.

Prune out all fire blight affected twigs 12inches below the disease-killed tissue. Dip pruners in 10% chlorine bleach orrubbing alcohol and wipe between cuts.Oil pruners after use.

Do not use Immunox more than 10 timesper season.

NO INSECTICIDE DURING BLOOM

Petal fall (when most petalsare off) throughCovers 1, 2, and 3;spray every 7-10days (3 sprays after petal fall)

black rotscab

cedar applerust

black rotscabcodling mothplant bugsleafrollersplumcurculio

mites

Captan 50WP plus

Immunox orferbam

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor15%, captan14.7%) plus if neededSafer’sInsecticidalConcentrate(soap) or Kelthane spidermite spray

2 Tbs.

½ oz.

see label

1.2 oz.

3 fl. oz.

1½ tsp.

4 days

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

0 hrs

1 day

day of harvest

14 days

7 days

7 days

0 days

7 days

Spray more frequently if weather is wet. Ortho Home Orchard Spray may also beused.

Only use Immunox or ferbam when cedarapple rust is an annual problem.

Critically important sprays for plumcurculio and codling moth. Also helpssuppress leafrollers for the remainder ofthe season.

Ortho Home Orchard Spray containscaptan, malathion and methoxychlor andmay be used for control of both disease(except for cedar apple rust) and insectpests.

Treat for more than 3 mites per leaf orwhen mites and bronzing are present.Apply two times at 7 day intervals.

Do not make more than 2 applications ofKelthane per season.

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HOME ORCHARD APPLE IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION


REENTRYINTERVAL


Summer coversprays (every 14days until 6 weeksbefore harvest)

bitter rotsooty blotchfly speck

bitter rotsooty blotchfly speckcodling mothleafrollers

mites

Captan 50WP

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor15%, captan14.7%)

plus as needed Safer’sInsecticidalConcentrate(Soap) or Kelthane spidermite spray or SunsprayUltrafine Sprayoil

2 Tbs.

1.2 oz.

3 fl. oz.

1½ tsp.

see label

4 days

12 hrs

0 hrs

12 hrs

12 hrs

day of harvest

7 days

0 days

7 days

day of harvest

May elect to scout for insects and diseasesduring this period. Examine at least 25apples on each tree weekly and spray iffresh insect injury or early diseasesymptoms are noted.

Spray promptly at first sign of bitter rot. This disease spreads rapidly if leftunchecked.

Ortho Home Orchard Spray may be usedfor control of both disease and insectpests.

Treat for more than 5-10 mites per leaf orwhen mites and bronzing are present. Apply two times at 7 day intervals.

Do not make more than 2 applications ofKelthane per season.

Do not apply oil to drought stressed trees.

Six weeks, 4 weeksand 2 weeks before harvest

bitter rotwhite rotsooty blotchfly speck

codling mothleafrollers

Captan 50WP orsulfur

plusBenlate 50WP

plus

malathion0.57EC

2 Tbs.

see label

1 Tbs.

2 tsp.

4 days

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

day of harvest

14 days

3 days

Important disease control sprays,particularly for bitter rot and white rot.

Do not apply Benlate within 14 days ofharvest.

Do not use sulfur when temperatures areexpected above 90 degrees.

Some varieties such MacIntosh, RedDelicious, Staymen, Baldwin, King,Golden Delicious and Jonathan aresensitive to sulfur.

Do not apply malathion plus methoxychlormix or Ortho Home Orchard Spray within7 days of harvest.

Do not apply Imidan within 7 days ofharvest.

Do not apply Sevin within 1 day ofharvest.

Do not apply malathion within 3 days ofharvest.

*Malathion is labeled for use on apples if and only if apples are listed on the package.

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HOME ORCHARD BLUEBERRY IPM GUIDE

TIME OFAPPLICATION PESTS MATERIALS AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Before budbreak, spray onlyif scaleinfestation exists

Scale If neededSuperior oil 3 fl oz. 12 hrs pre-bloom use

only

Oil treatments are most effective whenapplied near bud break. Do not applywhen temperatures are expected to be<40oF or >80oF within 24 hours.

The fungi causing Botrytis blight and mummy berry overwinter in dead berries and debris under the bushes. Remove dead berries, debris, and mulch during thewinter and compost or destroy it. Replace with new mulch. Do not place mulch right up against the trunk of the plant. With good sanitation and little or no historyof Botrytis blight and mummy berry, there should be no need for green tip and pre-bloom sprays. If these diseases have been damaging in the past, spray every 7-10days thru bloom.

Green tip, fromthe first greentissue after budbreak to firstbloom, sprayevery 7-10 days

Botrytis blight

Mummy berry

Captan 50WP

plus

Benlate 50WP orFunginex 1.6EC

2.5 Tbs.

1 Tbs.

.5 fl oz.

4 days

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

21 days

pre-bloom useonly

DO NOT APPLY BENLATE ALONE.

If mummy berry becomes established,Funginex or Benlate is essential in thepre-bloom sprays.

The fungi causing Botrytis blight and mummy berry overwinter in dead berries and debris under the bushes. Remove dead berries, debris, and mulch during thewinter and compost or destroy it. Replace with new mulch. Do not place mulch right up against the trunk of the plant. With good sanitation and little or no historyof Botrytis blight and mummy berry, there should be no need for green tip and pre-bloom sprays. If these diseases have been damaging in the past, spray every 7-10days thru bloom.

10-20% bloomand full bloom

Botrytis blight &Mummy berry

Captan 50WP plusBenlate 50WP

2.5 Tbs.

1 Tbs.

4 days

1 day

day of harvest

21 days

DO NOT APPLY INSECTICIDESDURING BLOOMBotrytis causes flower and twig blight.

Immediately afterbloom

Cranberry fruitworm

If needed,malathion 25WP 3 Tbs. 1 day 1 day Treat if fruitworms are injuring fruit.

Cranberry fruit worm is a pest throughout Georgia. Scout bushes twice a week from full bloom until 4 weeks after petal fall. Examine fruit clusters for pinsizedholes and frass, and premature ripening in more mature fruit. Break open berries to look for larvae and damage. Early varieties like ‘Climax’ are usually infestedfirst. Spray when you detect this pest.

As needed duringthe season

Leafminers,Leaftiers,Blueberrymaggot (BBM)(mid-May -harvest)

If needed,malathion 25WP1.2 oz. 1 day 1 day

Treat when damaging infestations ordefoliation are occurring and pests arepresent. Malathion can be used until 1day before harvest.

Treat if BBMs are present.

Blueberry maggots (BBM) are sporadic but very serious, mid to late-season pests of cultivated blueberries in GA. BBM adults are small, 3/16 inch long, black flies.A distinctive pattern of black bands runs across each wing; a white spot is visible on the back of the thorax (middle of three body segments). BBM flies lay eggs onripening fruit. If you have a history of BBM infestations, spray preventively. Continue treatment until all the fruit are off the bushes. Carefully follow pesticide pre-harvest intervals.

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HOME ORCHARD BRAMBLE IPM GUIDE

In most cases when growing blackberries, if you practice good sanitation and have no wild blackberries nearby, acceptable yield can be obtained without sprayingpesticides. A good sanitation program helps to control most common pest problems. Most fungi that infect blackberry canes overwinter on old canes that wereinfected the previous season. Immediately after harvest, remove and discard canes that have fruited; mowing or cutting canes back 12" above the ground is aconvenient means of removing dead canes. Plants then need to be fertilized and irrigated after pruning to force new growth for next year’s crop. Plants infectedwith orange rust, which can be detected from green tip to early cane growth, must be promptly dug up and removed or destroyed.

Diseases and insects are also frequently of minor importance on raspberry. Cut and remove old canes in the winter and discard or destroy them. Do not cut with arotary mower as pieces will become too small to remove. Cut old fruiting canes from fall-fruiting raspberry cultivars such as ‘Heritage’ in early spring before newshoots begin to develop. Cuts should be made at soil level (no stubs) and all old canes should be removed from the planting. This method produces a single fallcrop. Strawberry weevil is not a problem on fall bearing raspberry cultivars such as ‘Heritage.’

TIME OFAPPLICATION TO CONTROL MATERIALS AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Delayed dormant(Blackberriesonly)

Leaf and cane spot

Anthracnose

copper hydroxide(Nu-Cop, Hi-Yield CopperFungicide, KOP-Hydroxide)or liquid lime sulfur

see label

see label

1-2 days(see label)

see label

None listed

Dormant/delayed dormantonly

Apply as delayed dormantspray after training in thespring

Apply lime-sulfur at delayeddormant, but prior to 3/4-inchshoot stage to avoid leaf burn.

Green tip Anthracnose, Leafand cane spot

copper(Top Cop w/ Sulfur,Dragon Copper Fungicide,Bonide Liquid Copper)

see label Until dry None listed See remarks above this guide.Avoid overhead watering

Labeled copper productsavailable under severaldifferent brand names.

When buds appearand new canes are8-12" high

Anthracnose, Leafand cane spot,

orange rust

copper (Top Cop w/ Sulfur,Dragon Copper Fungicide,Bonide Liquid Copper)*

see label Until dry None listed

Orange rust attacks all brambles except for red raspberries. The fungus infects in a systemic fashion, once plants are infected they remain so for life. Infectedplants are stunted and produce very little fruit. They can be identified in the early spring. Shortly after leafing out, the lower surface of infected leaves developsorange pustules that gives the disease its name. The timely removal of infected plants is most important to control this disease. Inspect plants in early spring and tryto identify the pustules before the orange spores are produced. Once spores are released, they cause new infections that may not show up until the following spring. Dig up, remove and dispose of or destroy these plants. Nearby wild brambles should also be destroyed.

Pre-bloom Anthracnose, Leafand cane spot

Strawberry weevil

copper(Top Cop w/ Sulfur,Dragon Copper Fungicide,Bonide Liquid Copper)

Sevin 80S

see label

1 Tbs.

Until dry

12 hrs

None listed

7 days

Repeat at 10-14 day intervalsas necessary

Use only if strawberry weevilsor their damage are present.

Strawberry weevils are small (.1 inch long) reddish brown snout beetles. Adults kill flower buds and blossoms by severing or “clipping” most or all of the stemjust below the bloom. Eggs are laid in these damaged blooms. Adults will typically move from strawberries to blackberries and raspberries. Summer bloomingraspberries should be watched, but they are less likely to be attacked.

11

HOME ORCHARD BRAMBLE IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION TO CONTROL MATERIALS AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Bloom Botrytis FlowerBlight, Rosette(Double blossom)

Powdery Mildew

Benlate 50WP orRovral 4 Flowable or micronized wettablesulfur(Microthiol Special)

2 tsp.

1 tsp.

see label

1 day

1 day

1 day

3 days

0 days

0 days

Apply at 5-10% bloom andrepeat at full bloom.Two additional sprays can beapplied at 14 day intervals.

Use Benlate or Rovral if Botrytisor Rosette are a problem.

Do not make more than 5Benlate applications per season.

Do not make more than 4 Rovralapplications per season.

DO NOT SPRAYINSECTICIDE DURINGBLOOM.

Rosette or double blossom (Cercosporella rubi) occurs on both blackberries and raspberries but is most damaging to blackberries. Symptoms are unusual andmarkedly change the appearance of the plant. In the spring, infected buds from the previous year produce numerous leafy sprouts. This proliferation of shoots isreferred to as a witches broom. Several of these witches brooms may occur on one cane. As flower buds open, petals are pinkish in color, wrinkled and twisted.Berries do not develop from infected blossoms, uninfected parts of the same plant produce smaller, poorer quality fruit. Sanitation to prevent this disease is similarto that of orange rust. Wild brambles should be removed from the immediate area. They can serve as sources of inoculum. Remove and destroy old fruited canesafter harvest. Infected blossom clusters should be removed before they open. Where this disease is especially severe on trailing blackberries, cut off plants at theground after fruiting. This practice only works well where the growing season is long. For other brambles, cut all canes back to 12 inches immediately after harvest. Fertilize and irrigate plants to force new growth before winter.

Just after bloom,through May

Strawberry weevilRed necked caneborer

if needed,Sevin 80S or Malathion 0.57EC

1 Tbs.

2 tsp.

12 hrs

1 day

7 days

1 day

Use this spray only if strawberryweevils or their damage arepresent.Spray for RNCB if removal ofcanes is not providingacceptable control.

Red-necked cane borer (RNCB) adults are slender, 1/4 inch long, black beetles with an iridescent coppery-red to golden thorax or “neck.” Larvae are legless,white, and have flattened heads. They are 3/4 inch when mature. They tunnel in bramble canes above or below the swollen galls they induce in bramble canes. Sanitation by mowing for rosette or selective removal of galled canes will suppress RNCB populations. Insecticides timed to adult emergence (generally inMay) will also help reduce RNCB populations.

After old canes havebeen removed

Anthracnose, leafand cane spot

Orange rust

copper (DragonCopper Fungicide,Bonide LiquidCopper)

*

see label Until dry none listed See introductory section.

Labeled copper productsavailable under several differentbrand names.

Avoid overhead watering.

*Carbamate WDG is no longer registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for blackberries or raspberries. There are no other labeled chemicalsavailable to control orange rust. If any become available, we will notify your county agent.

HOME ORCHARD BUNCH GRAPE IPM GUIDE

TIME OFAPPLICATION

TOCONTROL MATERIALS AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Dormant - mid-winter

Delayed dormant,late spring beforebuds break

Anthracnose

Mite eggsScale

liquid lime sulfur

70-sec superior oil,spray if aninfestation exists.

see label

3 fl oz

see label

12 hrs

see label

before budsbreak

Do not apply lime sulfur and superior oilwithin 30 days of each other. Objective oflime sulfur spray at this time is to reducefungal inoculum on canes.

Apply to near the point of run off. One oilspray is sufficient on grapes. Do not apply when temperature areexpected to be below 40oF or above 80oFwithin 24 hours.

The fungi causing diseases on bunch grapes overwinter on old vines and dried fruit on the vines and ground. Vines should be pruned back to the main stem eachwinter, leaving only 1 vine of the previous year's growth for each wire. Fruit and leaves on the ground should be raked and composted or destroyed.

Pre-bloom beginningwith 1-2 inchesgreen, apply every 7days until bloom

Black rotPowderymildew,downymildew,anthracnose

Plant bugsFlea beetles

mancozeb(DithaneM45,Maneb 80WP) orImmunox orferbam

plus, if needed

home fruit spray

see label

2 oz.

see label

see label

1 day

1 day

see label

see label

66 days

14 days

7 days

see label

Use mancozeb if downy mildew is aproblem

Use Immunox if anthracnose is a problem.

Do not make more than 6 applications of Immunox (@ 2 oz./gal) per season.

Apply an insecticide when plant bugs orflea beetles are present and damage isevident.

Home orchard/home fruit sprays containcaptan and malathion and may alsocontain methoxychlor, carbaryl and/orsulfur. They may be used for disease andinsect control at cap fall, first cover andsummer cover sprays. Be sure to observethe pre-harvest interval stated on the label.

Bloom - 10% bloomand full bloom

Black rot,Powderymildew

Captan 50WP ormancozeb(Dithane M45,Maneb 80WP) orImmunox orferbam

2 Tbs

see label

2 oz.

see label

4 days

1 day

1 day

see label

day of harvest

see label

14 days

7 days

DO NOT APPLY INSECTICIDEDURING BLOOM.Do not apply more than 24 lbs. Maneb80WP or Dithane M45 per acre per cropseason. Do not apply mancozeb within 66days of harvest.

Cap fall and 1stCover (10 days aftercap fall)

Black rot,powderymildew

downymildew

Plant bugsFlea beetlesLeafrollersGrape berrymoth

Captan 50WP orImmunox orferbamas neededcopper hydroxide(Kocide 101, Hi-Yield CopperFungicide, KOP-Hydroxide) plushome fruit spray

2 Tbs

2 oz.

see label

see label

see label

4 days

1 day

see label

1 day

see label

day of harvest

14 days

7 days

see label

see label

Foliage injury may occur on coppersensitive varieties such as Concord,Delaware, Niagara and Rosettes. Test forsensitivity

Home orchard/home fruit sprays containcaptan and malathion and may also con-tain methoxychlor, carbaryl and/or sulfur.They may be used for disease and insectcontrol at cap fall, first cover and summercover sprays. Observe the pre-harvestinterval stated on the label.

Grape berry moth larvae feed on flowers and fruit of bunch grapes early in the season. Larvae enter fruit near the stem or where grapes touch each other. Scout andspray as needed.Grape curculio are small (.1 inch) reddish-black snout beetles. Adults emerge and move to fruit to feed and lay eggs around mid-June in Georgia. Adults feed on theunderside of leaves in a zig-zag pattern. Spray if weevils are found.

13

HOME ORCHARD BUNCH GRAPE IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION

TOCONTROL MATERIALS AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Summer coversprays every 14days until 14 daysbefore harvest

black rotpowderymildew

Grape berrymothGrapecurculioJapanesebeetlesGreen Junebeetles

Mites

Captan 50WP orImmunox plus, as neededhome fruit spray

plus, if needed

Kelthane SpiderMite Spray orSun Spray UltraFine Oil

2 Tbs

2 oz.

see label

1/2 tsp

2-3 Tbs

4 days

1 day

see label

12 hrs

12 hrs

day of harvest

14 days

see label

7 days

day of harvest


Do not apply malathion plus methoxychlorwithin 14 days of harvest.

Do not apply Kelthane within 14 days ofharvest.

Do not apply to heat or drought stressedvines.

Grape berry moth larvae feed on flowers and fruit of bunch grapes early in the season. Larvae enter fruit near the stem or where grapes touch each other. Scout andspray as needed.Grape curculio are small (.1 inch) reddish-black snout beetles. Adults emerge and move to fruit to feed and lay eggs around mid-June in Georgia. Adults feed on theunderside of leaves in a zig-zag pattern. Spray if weevils are found.

Preharvest (7 daysbefore harvest)

Black rotGreen Junebeetles

Captan 50WP plus, if neededmalathion 57ECorhome fruit spray

2 Tbs

2 tsp

see label

4 days

12 hrs

see label

day of harvest

3 days

see label

Do not apply malathion within 3 days ofharvest.

Mid June andbetweenThanksgiving andChristmas

Grape rootborer

Construct a 1 fthigh soil mound for1.5 feet aroundeach vine betweenearly and mid June.Knock the moundsdown betweenThanksgiving andChristmas.

Grape root borers can kill grapevines.Borers tunnel inside vines at or belowground level, weakening or killing them.All grapes (bunch, muscadine andvinifera) are susceptible. Moundingprovides cultural control. It is 60-90%effective when done correctly. Moundinguses layers of soil to make it more difficultfor young larvae to reach the roots oradults to emerge. Mound around plantsbetween early and mid-June. Knock downmounds between Thanksgiving andChristmas. Do not fail to remove mounds.

14

HOME ORCHARD MUSCADINE IPM GUIDE

In most cases muscadine grapes can be produced without the aid of pesticides. It is advisable to watch and treat for (if necessary) the control of angular leafspot. Angular leaf spot is most damaging in July or early August. Uncontrolled angular leaf spot often can result in almost complete defoliation which terminatesfurther fruit development. Depending on weather conditions, cover sprays from bloom to harvest are sometimes necessary for prevention of ripe rot, Macrophomarot and bitter rot.

TIME OF APPLICATION TO CONTROL CHEMICAL AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


PRE-BLOOM

Every 14 daysfrom bud breakuntil bloom

Black RotBitter Rot

Plant BugsFlea Beetles

mancozeb orCaptan 50WP orImmunox orferbam

plus as needed prebloom

orhome fruit spray

2 Tbs

3 Tbs

2 oz

see label

see label

1 day

4 days

1 day

see label

see label

4 days

day of harvest

14 days

7 days

see label

BLACK ROT susceptible varieties should besprayed with fungicide every 14 days from thestart of new growth until after bloom. This diseasedevelops on the fruit during and just after bloom.Where ripe rot is a problem, use Captan 50WP.


If plant bugs or flea beetles have been a problemor are present and damaging, it may be necessaryto spray insecticide shortly before bloom, atcap fall (petal fall) and at 1st cover. Alwaysscout and treat as needed.

DO NOT SPRAY INSECTICIDE DURINGBLOOM.

Muscadine grape varieties often produce more fruit than many homeowners need, even if half of the crop is lost to diseases and insects. Unless you have had ashortage of fruit or a history of severe disease and insect problems, we suggest that you do not spray this crop.Most diseases overwinter on dead leaves and fruit on the vine and the ground. Removing this material usually will benefit or give sufficient disease control.Grape berry moths are occasionally damaging to grape clusters during June, July and August.Grape curculio emerge and feed on the underside of leaves between mid-June and early July. Spray as they begin to lay eggs and feed on grapes.

COVER SPRAYS

Cap fall, FirstCover and every14 days fromsecond cover until6 to 8 weeksbefore harvest

Black rot, ripe rotMacrophoma rot

Plant BugsFlea BeetlesGrape Berry MothGrape Curculio

Japanese BeetlesJune Beetles

Captan 50WP orImmunox

Use as needed at Cap(Petal) Fall and FirstCover and thereafterwhen insects anddamage are present:

home fruit spray

Sevin 80S

3 tbs

2 oz

see label

2 Tbs

4 days

1 day

see label

12 hours

0 days

14 days

see label

7 days

Captan may cause mild phytotoxicity to fruit ifapplied when conditions are cool and wet.

Plant bugs and flea beetles are typically earlyseason pests.

Home orchard/home fruit sprays contain captanand malathion and may also contain metho-xychlor, carbaryl and/or sulfur. They may be usedfor disease and insect control at cap fall, firstcover and summer cover sprays. Be sure toobserve the pre-harvest interval stated on thelabel.

Grape berry moth is an occasional pest withhigh damage potential. It is a mid to lateseason pest in muscadines. Scout andspray insecticide promptly if damage andpests are found.

Grape curculio is an occasional pest withhigh damage potential. The adults are smallsmall 1/10 inch long red-black snout weevils.They emerge around June 15 and feed on theunderside of leaves in a shallow zig-zag patternfor about 2 weeks before they begin laying eggs. Scout and spray insecticide if damage andpests are found.

Do not apply Sevin within 7 days of harvest ormalathion within 3 days of harvest.

15

HOME ORCHARD MUSCADINE IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION TO CONTROL CHEMICAL AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


MITES may damage grapes. They feed on leaves by roughing and rasping the leaf surface and consuming the sap released. Mites can become a serious problem,and they are capable of explosive population growth. Treat if more than 15 mites per leaf are found or if leaves are bronzed from mite feeding. Drought and heavycrop load aggravate mite injury, especially early in a growing season. Two treatments at 1 week intervals may be needed.

Mites Kelthane spider mitespray orSun Spray UltrafineSpray Oil

11/2 tsp

2-3 Tbs

12 hrs

12 hrs

7 days

day of harvest

Do not apply within 14 days of harvest. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.

May apply the day of harvest. Do not apply todrought stressed plants.Use with caution as phytotoxicity may occur.Do not apply when temperatures and humidity arehigh; wait until late afternoon or early evening. Do not re-enter treated area within 12 hours.

PREHARVEST SPRAYS

Every 10 to 14days during thelast 6-8 weeksbefore harvest(Start July 1 onthe Coastal Plainand July 10-14 inMiddle Georgia)

Make the lastscheduledinsecticideapplication 2weeks beforeharvest.

Bitter RotMacrophoma RotRipe RotAngular Leaf spot

Grape berry mothJune beetle

Captan 50WP

or fruit tree spray

plus as needed or

Sevin 80S orMalathion 0.57EC

3 Tbs

see label

1 Tbs

2 tsp

4 days

see label

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

see label

7 days

3 days

Captan may be applied up to day of harvest.

Home orchard/home fruit sprays contain captanand malathion and may also contain methoxy-chlor, carbaryl and/or sulfur. They may be usedfor disease and insect control at cap fall, firstcover and summer cover sprays. Be sure toobserve the pre-harvest interval stated on thelabel.

Do not use Sevin within 7 days of harvest orMalathion within 3 days of harvest. Sevin will notcontrol aphids.

Green June beetle and Japanese beetle populations can get out of hand rapidly. Moderate defoliation is seldom damaging, but fruit feeding is serious. Donot allow these pests to feed heavily on and become abundant in blocks with ripe fruit. Beware of heavy emergence and migration to blocks with ripe fruitafter rains. Multiple applications are often necessary to maintain control if populations are allowed to build up. Ripening fruit and aggregation phero-mones seem to be attractive to and continue to draw new beetles even after their brethren have been controlled.

June beetles can be very abundant and damaging near harvest. Spray as needed before they become abundant.

GRAPE ROOT BORERS can kill grapevines. Borers tunnel inside vines at or below ground level, weakening, or killing them. All grapes (bunch, muscadine,vinifera) are susceptible. Use a layer of soil to make it more difficult for young larvae to reach the roots or adults to emerge. Mound soil 1 foot high and 1½ feet outfrom the base of each vine by early- to mid-June. It is equally important to knock these mounds back down between early November and Christmas. Mounding provides cultural control. It is 60-90% effective when done correctly.

16

HOME ORCHARD PEACH, PLUM AND NECTARINE IPM GUIDE

TIME OFAPPLICATION TO CONTROL MATERIAL AMT/GAL

REENTRYINTERVAL


Dormant sprays - midwinter before bud swell

Bacterial spot,Leaf curl

Leaf curl

copper hydroxide(Kocide 101, Hi-Yield CopperFungicide, KOP-Hydroxide)

liquid lime sulfur orOrtho Daconil 2787

orferbam orBordeaux mixture

see label

see label

3/4 Tbs

see label

see label

2 days

see label

2 days

1 day

until dry

21 days

Do not applyafter petal fall

Do not applyafter shuck split

21 days

dormant sprayonly

Do not apply copper hydroxidewith oil

Preventive leaf curl sprays at thistime are for cooler areas of the statewhere leaf curl occurs (primarilyupper piedmont and mountains).

Liquid lime sulfur and ferbam canbe combined with one of the oilsprays listed below. Ortho Daconil2787 and copper hydroxide cannot.

If leaf curl has been severe, afungicide application should alsobe made after leaf drop in the fall.

Do not apply oil or oil plusfungicide after buds break.

Approximately 21 and 7days before bud break

ScaleMites

Superior oil(70-second)

2 fl ozs 12 hrs pre-bloom useonly

Two superior oil sprays should beapplied 10-14 days apart every yearduring the dormant season. Thorough coverage with oilapplication is essential. Do notmake oil applications whentemperatures are expected above85oF or below 40oF.

Pink and bloom Blossom blight(early season phaseof brown rot -blossoms turnbrown and die)Scab

Ortho Daconil 2787 or Captan 50WP or liquid lime sulfur orImmunox

3/4 tsp

2 Tbs

see label

1/2 oz

2 days

4 days

see label

1 day


day of harvest

Do not applyafter petal fall

day of harvest

DO NOT SPRAY INSECTICIDEDURING BLOOM.This is a very important spray forsuppression of pre-harvest brownrot. Make this preventive applica-tion every year.

Do not make more than 6 applica-tions of Immunox (@ 2 oz./gal) perseason.

Petal fall (when most of the petalshave fallen)

Brown rotScab

Plum curculioPlant bugsStink bugsOriental fruit moth

Ortho Daconil 2787 or Captan 50WP or sulfur orImmunox Ortho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor15%, captan14.7%)

3/4 tsp

2 Tbs

see label

1/2 oz

1.2 oz

2 days

4 days

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

shuck split only

day of harvest

day of harvest

day of harvest

21 days

Avoid use of sulfur whentemperatures are above 90F.

Sprays applied at petal fall, shucksplit, shuck off, and the first coverspray are essential for control ofplum curculio and scab.

Ortho Home Orchard Spraycontains captan, malathion andmethoxychlor and may be used forcontrol of both disease and insectpests.

17

HOME ORCHARD PEACH, PLUM AND NECTARINE IPM GUIDE (continued)


REENTRYINTERVAL


Shuck split(when flower shucksbegin to split or 7 daysafter petal fall)

Scab

Bacterial spot

Plum curculioStink bugsOriental fruit moth

Ortho Daconil 2787 or Captan 50WP orImmunox



3/4 tsp

2 Tbs

½ oz

see label

1.2 oz.

2 days

4 days

1 day

2 days

12 hrs


day of harvest

day of harvest

21 days

21 days

Do not apply Ortho Daconil 2787after shuck split.


Only apply copper hydroxide ifbacterial spot is an annual problem.

Ortho Home Orchard Spraycontains captan, malathion andmethoxychlor and may be used forcontrol of both disease (except forbacterial spot) and insect pests.

Shuck fall(when most of theflower shucks havefallen, or 10 days aftershuck split)

Scab

Plum curculio Cat-facing insects

Captan 50WP orsulfur


2 Tbs

see label

1.2 oz.

4 days

1 day

12 hrs

day of harvest

day of harvest

21 days


Ortho Home Orchard Spraycontains captan, malathion andmethoxychlor and may be used forcontrol of both disease (except forbacterial spot) and insect pests.

Summer cover sprays. (10and 20 days after shuckfall, and then every 14days until 1 monthbefore harvest)

ScabBrown rot

Plum cucurlioCat-facing insects

Mites

Captan 50WP orsulfur orImmunox plus

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray(malathion 7%,methoxychlor 15%,captan 14.7%)

plus as needed forSun Spray UltraFine Spray Oil

2 Tbs

see label

1/2 oz

3 Tbs.

1.2 ozs.

3 fl oz.

4 days

1 day

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

12 hrs

day of harvest

day of harvest

day of harvest

14 days

21 days

day of harvest

Do not use Ortho Home OrchardSpray within 21 days of harvest.

Do not use Imidan within 14 daysof harvest.

Do not use malathion within 7days of harvest.

Do not use methoxychlor within21 days of harvest.

Use miticide when there are 30 ormore mites per leaf, or if mites andleaf bronzing are evident. Do notapply to heat or drought stressedplants. Sulfur applied as fungicide willprovide some mite suppression.

18

Stages of Bud Development:Plum and Peach

Used with permission of the Cooperative ExtensionService of Washington State University: Diseaseand Insect Spray Schedule for Home Orchards,

Publication EB0918.

HOME ORCHARD PEACH, PLUM AND NECTARINE IPM GUIDE (continued)


REENTRYINTERVAL


2 weeks and 1 weekbefore harvest for eachvariety

Brown rot

Fruit-attackinginsects

Captan 50WP orsulfur plus

Sevin 80S

2 Tbs

see label

1 Tbs

4 days

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

day of harvest

1 day(peach/plum)3 days(nectarine)

Avoid use of sulfur whentemperatures are above 90F.

Do not use Sevin within 3 days ofharvest.

North and MiddleGeorgiaAug. 1 and again Sept.1.South Georgia Immediately afterharvest and again afterSept. 1.

Peach tree borer endosulfan 9.9%EC

2 Tbs 48 hrs post-harvest only Use 1 qt. finished spray material/tree and spray trunk and lowerlimbs. Do not use with fruit on thetree.

19

HOME ORCHARD PEAR IPM GUIDE

TIME OFAPPLICATION


REENTRYINTERVAL


Dormant - before budsbegin to swell

fire blight Bordeaux mixture 8 Tbs. coppersulfate plus8 Tbs.hydrated lime

see label dormant sprayonly

DO NOT APPLY AFTER GREEN ISSHOWING.Several leaf spot fungi overwinter on cankerson diseased or dead twigs and on leaves on theground. Pruning and removing diseased woodand raking, composting or destroying theseleaves each fall will aid in disease control.

Delayeddormant, when green tip firstshows (1/2 inchgreen)

scalemitesaphids

70-sec DormantOil plusMalathion 0.57EC

3 ozs.

2 tsp 12 hrs 3 days

Spray entire tree to run-off, use at least 1/2 gal.finished spray per tree.

Green cluster bud Pear psyllascaleaphids

Scab

Malathion 0.57EC

or if neededOrtho HomeOrchard Spray

2 tsp

5 Tbs

12 hrs

12 hrs

3 days

7 days

This spray is important to reduce feedingdamage by these insects and the growth ofsooty mold. Sooty mold is fungal growth onthe “honeydew” produced by these sap-feedinginsects.

If scab has been a problem use Ortho HomeOrchard Spray (same as white bud) insteadof malathion. Scab spores are at their highestnumber just after this spray.

Ortho Home Orchard Spray contains captan (afungicide) and malathion and methoxychlor(insecticides).

White bud(Popcorn)

fire blight

scabpear psyllascaleaphids

streptomycinsulfate or


plus

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray

100 parts permillion - seetable (p. 20)

see label

5 Tbs.

12 hrs

1 day

12 hrs

30 days

see label

7 days

Apply streptomycin just before the earliestblooms open, and every 3-4 days thru petalfall for fireblight.

Fire blight starts only when the trees areblooming, temperatures are between 65 and80oF, and it is very humid or raining. If theseconditions occur, streptomycin needs to beapplied within 24 hours before the rain. Do notre-apply until there has been a period of beeactivity and another rain occurs.

Prune out all fire blight affected twigs 12inches below the disease-killed tissue. Dippruners in 10% chlorine bleach or rubbingalcohol between cuts. Oil pruners after use.

Bloom - every 5days

Fire blight streptomycinsulfate or


100 parts permillion - seetable (p. 20).

see label

12 hrs

1 day

30 days

see label

DO NOT APPLY INSECTICIDE DURINGBLOOM. Apply streptomycin every 5 -7 dayswhen weather is favorable for fire blight (seeabove).

20

HOME ORCHARD PEAR IPM GUIDE (continued)

TIME OFAPPLICATION


REENTRYINTERVAL


Petal fall - whenmost of thepetals are off and again 10-14 daysafter petal fall

Scab fungal leafspotsPear psyllaplant bugsstink bugscodlingmothorientalfruit moth

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray orsulfur

5 Tbs.

see label

12 hrs

1 day

7 days

up to day ofharvest

Insecticide applications at petal fall and whenthe first leaves have unfolded are normallyadequate to control serious fruit feeding pearinsect pests. If you have a history of insectinjury fruit, spray one or two more times at 21day intervals.

Avoid use of sulfur when temperatures areabove 90F.

D’Anjou pears are sensitive to sulfur.

When first leaveshave completelyunfolded

Scab bitter rotfungal leafspotsPear psyllaplant bugsstink bugscodlingmothorientalfruit moth

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray or

Sulfur plusBenlate 50WP plusmalathion 57EC

5 Tbs.

See label

1 Tbs

2 Tbs

12 hrs

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

7 days

up to day ofharvest14 days

3 days

Ortho Home Orchard Spray comtains captan(a fungicide) and malathion and methoxychlor(insecticides).

Insecticide applications at petal fall and whenthe first leaves have unfolded are normallyadequate to control serious fruit feeding pearinsect pests. If you have a history of insectinjury fruit, spray one or two more times at 21day intervals.

21 days later andevery 14 days fortwo to threeadditionalapplications

ScabBitter rotPear psyllaplant bugsstink bugscodlingmothorientalfruit moth

Ortho HomeOrchard Spray or

Sulfur plusBenlate 50WP

plusmalathion

5 Tbs

See label

1 Tbs

2 tsp

12 hrs

1 day

1 day

12 hrs

7 days

up to day ofharvest14 days

3 days

Ortho Home Orchard Spray will providecontrol of late season scab and bitter rot ifneeded. Do not use Ortho Home OrchardSpray within 7 days of harvest.

*Malathion is labeled for use on pears if and only if pears are listed on the package.

ANTIBIOTIC FORMULATIONS FOR A 100 PPM SOLUTION

TSP./GAL. OZS./100 GALS.

Agrimycin 17, 21.3% streptomycin sulfate 3/4 tsp. 8 ozs.

Agristrep, 21.2% streptomycin sulfate 3/4 tsp. 8 ozs.

Ortho Streptomycin, 21% streptomycin sulfate 3/4 tsp. 8 ozs.

21

HOME ORCHARD STRAWBERRY IPM GUIDE


REENTRYINTERVAL


New growth,begin as soon asnew growthstarts, and every10-14 days untiljust beforebloom.

Leaf spotsAnthracnoseBotrytis blight (Gray mold)


2 Tbs

1 Tbs

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

1 day

Do not use more than 5 lbs. Benlate peracre per crop. Do not use Benlate alone.The strawberry leaf spots and Botrytisblight overwinter on old leaves and debrison the bed. Clipping old leaves, raking,and composting or destroying greatly aidsin disease control. During periods offrequent rainfall, sprays at 7-10 day inter-vals may be necessary. Do not use morethan 48 lbs of Captan per acre per crop.

Pre-bloom, justbefore bloom

Spray as neededforStrawberry weevil(clipper)

malathion0.57EC orSevin 80S

2 tsp

1 Tbs

12 hrs

12 hrs

3 days

1 day

Strawberry weevils are small (.1 inchlong) reddish brown snout beetles. Adultskill flower buds and blossoms by severingor “clipping” most or all of the stem belowthe bloom. Eggs are laid in these damagedblooms. Adults will typically move fromstrawberries to blackberries and rasp-berries. Apply insecticide when freshinjury, pest presence or history ofproblems exists.

10% bloom Leaf spots,Botrytis blightand other fruitrots


2 Tbs

1 Tbs

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

1 day

DO NOT APPLY INSECTICIDESDURING BLOOM.Critical time for Botrytis (Gray mold)control begins here.

Full bloom Leaf spots,Botrytis blightand other fruitrots


2 Tbs

1 Tbs

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

1 day

Just after bloom treat as needed forstrawberry weevil(clipper)

malathion0.57EC orSevin 80S

2 tsp

1 Tbs

12 hrs

12 hrs

3 days

1 day

Every 10-14 daysfrom bloom until harvest.

Leaf spots,Botrytis blightand other fruitrots


2 Tbs

1 Tbs

1 day

1 day

day of harvest

1 day

Under severe gray mold conditions, applyimmediately after each picking throughharvest.During periods of frequent rainfall, spraysat 7-10 day intervals or less may benecessary.

Year round treat as needed formites

Kelthane spidermite spray

or

Sun Spray UltraFine Spray Oil

11/2 tsp

2 Tbs

12 hrs

12 hrs

2 days

0 days

Apply when mites, webs and damage areobserved. Two applications 5-7 days apartmay be necessary. Thorough coverage isneeded to get good control. In the coastalplain, mites may reach damaging numbersduring the winter months.Do not use Sun Spray Ultra Fine Spray Oilon plants that are heat or drought stressed. Use caution, as phytotoxicity mayoccur.

treat as needed foradult crowninfesting beetles

treat as needed forslugs

Sevin 80S

Sevin 5% bait

1 Tbs

1.6 oz/100 ft²

12 hrs

12 hrs

1 day

1 day

Carefully check soil in prospective sitesfor infestations prior to establishment.If adult weevils are observed sprayimmediately with Sevin. Continue to sprayas long as adults are present.

Slugs are primarily a wet weather pest.

22

ATTENTION!Pesticide Precautions

1. Observe all directions, restrictions and precautions on pesticide labels. It is dangerous,wasteful, and illegal to do otherwise.

2. Store all pesticides in original containers with labels intact and behind locked doors.“KEEP PESTICIDES OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.”

3. Use pesticides at correct label dosage and intervals to avoid illegal residues or injury toplants and animals.

4. Apply pesticides carefully to avoid drift or contamination of non-target areas.

5. Surplus pesticides and containers should be disposed of in accordance with labelinstructions so that contamination of water and other hazards will not result.

6. Follow directions on the pesticide label regarding restrictions as required by State orFederal Laws and Regulations.

7. Avoid any action that may threaten an endangered species or its habitat. Your CountyExtension Agent can inform you of endangered species in your area, help you identify themand, through the Fish and Wildlife Service Field Office, identify actions that may threatenendangered species or their habitat.

Other publications available through your county extension agent that will help you in production of fruitcrops include Southeastern Home Fruit Pest Management and Culture,

Small Fruit Pest Management and Culture, Peach Production Handbook,and the Home Garden Fruit Horticulture Bulletins.

Trade and brand names are used only for information. The Cooperative Extension Service, University ofGeorgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences does not guarantee or warrant publishedstandards on any product mentioned; neither does the use of a trade or brand name imply approval of anyproduct to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.

When you have a question ...Call or visit your local office of TheUniversity of Georgia’s CooperativeExtension Service.You’ll find a friendly, well-trained staffready to help you with information,advice and free publications coveringagriculture and natural resources, familyand consumer sciences, 4–H and youthdevelopment, and rural and communitydevelopment.

Plant Pathology 2Entomology 2-3

00-001

The University of Georgia and Ft. Valley State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture andcounties of the state cooperating. The Cooperative Extension Service, the University of Georgia Collegeof Agricultural and Environmental Sciences offers educational programs, assistance and materials to allpeople without regard to race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability.

An Equal Opportunity Employer/Affirmative Action OrganizationCommitted to a Diverse Work Force

Special Bulletin 40 Revised Fall, 2001

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, The Universityof Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and the U.S. Department of Agriculturecooperating.

Gale A. Buchanan, Dean and Director

Documents

2002 Disease and Insect IPM in the Home Orchard · 2002 Disease and Insect IPM in the Home Orchard Taft H. Eaker, Homeowner IPM Specialist Dan Horton, Extension Entomologists Managing