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20 Years of Cordillera Day A Historic Testament to the Resolute Cordillera Peoples’ Struggle http://www.bulatlat.com/news/4-12/4-12-cordillera2.html The history of Cordillera Day is the history of a vibrant peoples’ struggle for a just society. It is an annual observance of achievements, where weaknesses are recognized and lessons are learned. It is also an annual event for renewing the commitment and ideals pursued by Cordillera’s heroes and martyrs. BY WINDEL BOLINGET Contributed to Bulatlat.com Part I: A Mirror of Cordillera History and Politics This year’s Cordillera Day observance completes a twodecade celebration and marks the 24 th death anniversary of Macliing Dulag, a tribal chieftain and protest leader felled by Marcos soldiers. For 20 years, the Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) spearheaded the annual celebration, despite the difficult years the Cordillera peoples’ movement has gone through. Government forces have, time and again, harassed and tried to derail the people’s Cordillera Day. There were also attempts to lure the people away from Cordillera Day and the militant mass movement. But nothing could prevent the Cordillera peoples and their mass movement from celebrating this event and marking it as Their Day. The birth of a tradition April 24 is a very significant date for the peoples of the Cordillera. On the evening of April 24,1980, soldiers belonging to the Philippine Army’s 4 th Infantry Division under Lt. Leodegario Adalem fired at two houses in the village of Bugnay, Tinglayan, Kalinga. The attack meant to kill two prominent leaders of the Kalinga and Bontok peoples opposed to the World Bankfunded Chico River Basin Hydroelectric Dam Project of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos. These were Ama Macliing Dulag and Pedro Dungoc. Macliing Dulag, a respected pangat (tribal chieftain) of the Butbut tribe, died from multiple gunshots while Pedro Dungoc survived. Macliing Dulag Pedro Dungoc later joined the New Peoples Army (NPA) and died as a Red fighter. This military terrorism and cowardly act the Macliing assassination served to strengthen the determination of the Kalinga and Bontok tribal people. It further strengthened their unity against a common enemy – the Marcos dictatorship and the WBfunded Chico dams. The antiChico dam struggle later broadened into a mass movement of the Cordillera peoples and advocates. The struggle evolved to the defense of ancestral land and for genuine regional autonomy.

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Page 1: 20 Years of Cordillera Day

20 Years of Cordillera Day A Historic Testament to the Resolute Cordillera Peoples’ Struggle

http://www.bulatlat.com/news/4-12/4-12-cordillera2.html

The history of Cordillera Day is the history of a vibrant peoples’ struggle for a just society. It is an annual observance of achievements, where weaknesses are recognized and lessons are learned. It is also an annual event for renewing the commitment and ideals pursued by Cordillera’s heroes and martyrs.

BY WINDEL BOLINGET Contributed to Bulatlat.com

Part I:  A Mirror of Cordillera History and Politics  

This year’s Cordillera Day observance  completes a  two‐decade  celebration and marks  the 24th death  anniversary  of Macliing  Dulag,  a  tribal  chieftain  and  protest  leader  felled  by Marcos soldiers. For 20 years, the Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) spearheaded the annual celebration, despite the difficult years the Cordillera peoples’ movement has gone through.  

Government  forces have,  time  and  again, harassed and  tried  to derail  the people’s Cordillera Day.  There were  also  attempts  to  lure  the people  away  from Cordillera Day  and  the militant mass movement. But nothing  could prevent  the Cordillera peoples and  their mass movement from celebrating this event and marking it as Their Day.     

The birth of a tradition  

April 24 is a very significant date for the peoples of the Cordillera.  

On  the  evening  of  April  24,1980,  soldiers  belonging  to  the Philippine  Army’s  4th  Infantry  Division  under  Lt.  Leodegario Adalem  fired at  two houses  in  the village of Bugnay, Tinglayan, Kalinga.   The attack meant  to kill  two prominent  leaders of  the Kalinga and Bontok peoples opposed  to  the World Bank‐funded Chico River Basin Hydroelectric Dam Project of  the  late dictator Ferdinand Marcos.  These were  Ama Macliing  Dulag  and  Pedro Dungoc.   Macliing Dulag, a respected pangat  (tribal chieftain) of the  Butbut  tribe,  died  from  multiple  gunshots  while  Pedro Dungoc survived.    

 Macliing Dulag 

Pedro Dungoc later joined the New Peoples Army (NPA) and died as a Red fighter.  

This military terrorism and cowardly act  ‐ the Macliing assassination  ‐ served to strengthen the determination of the Kalinga and Bontok tribal people. It further strengthened their unity against a  common enemy –  the Marcos dictatorship and  the WB‐funded Chico dams.   The anti‐Chico dam struggle  later broadened  into a mass movement of  the Cordillera peoples and advocates.  The struggle evolved to the defense of ancestral land and for genuine regional autonomy.  

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The  just  struggle  for  indigenous peoples  rights and against national oppression  carried by  the militant mass movement would  resound  beyond  the  Chico  valleys  and  into  the  national  and international  arena  of  the  broad  movement  for  indigenous  peoples’  rights  and  for  self‐

determination. This  is  the  legacy  carried by  the CPA up  to the present.  

The Macliing memorials  

In  1981,  a  year  after  the  martyrdom  of  Macliing  Dulag, elders from Kalinga and Bontok gathered in Bugnay, Kalinga to  commemorate  his  death  and  sacrifice  and  renew  their commitment to the struggle.   Since then, villages along the Chico  River would  take  turns  hosting  the  annual Macliing Memorial organized by  the KBPPHA  (Kalinga‐Bontok Peace Pact Holders Association).   

The KBPPHA was organized after several inter‐tribal bodong conferences forged a multi‐lateral pagta (peace pact).  From the  traditional bilateral peace pact,  the pagta was  crafted 

into a multilateral peace pact arrangement  to unite many villages opposed to  the dam project and  the  fascist  suppression  of  the  Marcos  dictatorship.  Unity  was  established  on  the uncompromising  defense  of  the  Chico  valley  from  destruction  and  displacement  by  dam  and mining projects, and assertion of human rights and indigenous peoples rights in view of fascism and militarization.   

The indigenous socio‐political structure and processes of the peace pact were appropriately and creatively used to build broad  inter‐tribal unity. This was a political advancement and widening of worldview from the traditional bilateral peace pact. One pagta provision was “exclusion from the bodong  those who  join  the Philippine military and  those who work  for  the construction of dams.” Thus  the  indigenous binodngan practice of pagta was popularized.    It  served  to build unity of Cordillera peoples in their common struggles to defend land, livelihood and life.  

The  Macliing  memorials  increasingly  grew  from  the  gatherings  of  elders  and  mostly  Chico villagers and their supporters in the anti‐dam struggle to include other people who represented other struggles being waged in other parts of the Cordillera.  It became an annual celebration to remember  martyrs  who  gave  up  their  lives  for  the  Cordillera  struggle  and  an  occasion  for solidarity with Cordillera advocates. The memorials  served  to build and  strengthen  inter‐tribal unity.    Since  the  venue  of  these  commemorations  were  in  far‐flung  and  militarized  areas, participants endured  long hikes and braved military  checkpoints.    Students, professionals and guests came to know the realities in the countryside.   

The successful anti‐Chico dam struggle by the Kalingas and Bontoks was followed by the victory of  the  Tinggians  against  Cellophil  Resources  Corporation  (CRC).    This  corporation,  owned  by Marcos  crony  Herminio  Disini,  was  awarded  a  logging  and  paper‐pulp  concession  covering 200,000 hectares of land with the biggest bulk in Abra in 1973.  

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The two struggles dramatically demonstrated the people’s decisive stance to fight for their rights and  their ability  to muster widespread national and  international  support.    In  the  face of  the open fascist rule during Martial Law, this even meant resorting to armed resistance especially as tribal communities are traditional warrior societies.  

Again, one message was put across strongly:   No force, not even the military might of a fascist state supported by the United States could crush a determined people from waging and winning their just struggle.  

In defense of ancestral domain and right to self‐determination   

Such  inspired  struggle  in  the  Cordillera  countryside  and  the  militant  struggle  of  students, workers, professionals  in  the urban  centers  converged  into  the progressive and militant mass movement  in the Cordillera that asserts the  interests of the various ethno‐linguistic groups and tribes as well as of the democratic classes and sectors.  This has evolved into the Cordillera mass movement for the defense of the ancestral domain and for self‐determination.   

Its organizational expression was realized in June 1984 in a Cordillera Peoples’ Congress that was attended by more than 300 representatives of 23 organizations all over the Cordillera region.  In that assembly, the Cordillera Peoples Alliance was born. CPA was the first, and continues to be the only Cordillera‐wide  formation  that brings  together  in a common program and within one umbrella  organization,  the  elders,  youth  and  students, women,  church  people,  professionals, workers, peasants, urban poor, and overseas Filipino workers.  

In February 1985, the KBPPHA resolved that the Macliing Memorial be celebrated as Cordillera Day under the banner of the CPA. April 24 became an annual celebration of Cordillera peoples’ struggles  encompassing  all  issues,  in  commemoration  of  all  Cordillera  martyrs.  It  was  also declared a solidarity day with national and international advocates and solidarity partners.   

In that assembly, the KBPPHA was also transformed into the Cordillera Bodong Association (CBA) that would  co‐sponsor  the  celebration of Cordillera Day every year.  In 1992,  the CBA evolved into the present BPO–Binodngan People’s Organization. Bulatlat.com  

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Part II:  Historical Highlights 

April 24, 1985 was the first Cordillera Day.  It was celebrated in the village of Belwang, Sadanga, Mountain  Province  and  was  well  participated  in  by  peoples  organizations  of  the  different sectors.   The  issues of Chico dams, Cellophil, mining, militarization and human rights violations were highlighted.   

In  1986,  the  fall  of  the  Marcos  dictatorship  and  upsurge  in  the  mass  movement  made  it appropriate to hold Cordillera Day in the town center and not the usual remote interior villages. The Cordillera Day celebration was thus held in Bontoc to celebrate the overthrow of the Marcos dictatorship and to reiterate the basic Cordillera peoples’ demands to the new Aquino regime. It was the first to be held in a town center. Succeeding gatherings until 2001 would be held outside the Chico River Valley.  

Turbulent period 

The 1987 Cordillera Day was held  in Lagawe, capital  town of  Ifugao province. This marked  the first participation of  representatives  from other  indigenous peoples’ organizations  in  the Asia‐Pacific region.  In this celebration, former Senators Lorenzo Tañada and Jose Diokno were given plaques  of  recognition  for  their  strong  support  to  the  Cordillera  peoples’  struggle.    Ama Lumbaya, a respected Kalinga elder and peace pact holder who took up arms to concretize his defense  of  ancestral  land  and  opposition  to  the  Chico  dams, was  also  recognized  during  the event.   

That  year,  the  celebration was  held  amidst much  hope  by  the  people  for  reforms with  the Aquino government.  The theme carried high hopes of achieving regional autonomy.  During the first  months  of  Aquino’s  assumption  to  power,  the  Cordillera  People’s  Alliance  (CPA) representing the Cordillera mass movement was honored with an  invitation and appearance  in Malacañang  for  its  role  in  the  anti‐dictatorship  struggle  and  its  leadership  in  the  particular Cordillera peoples movement for self‐determination.  

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But the people’s hopes were immediately shattered by the anti‐people policies of the US‐Aquino regime, particularly  its  total war policy  and  its  coddling of  the paramilitary Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army (CPLA).  

In the end, 1987 turned out to be a turbulent year for the militant Cordillera mass movement.  

The CPLA, led by Conrado Balweg, split from the New People’s Army (NPA) and held a peace pact with President Aquino in Mt. Data in the same year.  The Aquino regime would totally embrace CPLA to the exclusion and marginalization of the CPA and the militant mass movement that had historically initiated and led the Cordillera movement for defense of ancestral land and for self‐determination.   

Corazon Aquino’s political shortsightedness and blind fear of the militant movement would lead to future blunders on the handling of the Cordillera struggle for self‐determination.  It set up the failed Cordillera Bodong Administration – Cordillera Regional Assembly and came out with  the first Organic Act for Regional Autonomy which was strongly rejected by the people.   

CPA exposed and criticized the CPLA for  its bankrupt  ideas on Cordillera self‐determination  like “setting  up  a  Cordillera  nation”  with  a  “bodong  government,”  creating  animosity  between Cordillerans  and  non‐Cordillerans  with  pronouncements  such  as  “Cordillera  for  Cordillerans only,”  terrorism  of  the  paramilitary  CPLA  against  the  unarmed  mass  movement,  and  its opportunist deals with mining companies/vested  interests, and positioning  in government even though it is an armed group.  

In turn, CPA leaders were harassed and persecuted.  The worst cases were the murders by CPLA operatives of Daniel Ngayaan, CPA vice chairperson, and Romy Gardo, CPA Abra coordinator, in October  and  December  1987,  respectively.    The  spate  of  human  rights  violations  was  a testament  to  the  folly of  the Aquino  regime.  Its  initiatives on Cordillera  “self‐determination,” closely  undertaken  with  the  CPLA  and  other  opportunist  traditional  politicians,  were  dismal failures.  The  CPLA  would  be  condemned  for  its  terrorism  and  would  break  apart.    It  was transformed by the military and the government as well as traditional politicians for their self‐serving interests.   

Cordillera Day 1988 was held  in Baguio City, as a Peoples’ Tribunal  to  try Conrado Balweg and the CPLA for their crimes.  Witnesses and families of CPLA victims presented testimonies on CPLA atrocities  before  a  panel  composed  of  indigenous  elders,  lawyers,  church  people, representatives  of  peoples’  organizations,  media,  and  international  solidarity  partners/ advocates of indigenous peoples rights and human rights.  The CPLA was found guilty of at least 18 crimes.   

The  event was  a historic milestone  for  two  reasons.    First,  the people’s  trial was held  at  the height of the Aquino regime’s total war policy and CPLA terrorism.  Second, the people, through their  testimonies,  courageously  presented  the  truth  and  details  of  the  CPLA  crimes.    The testimonies  brought  the  CPLA  crimes  to  broader  public  attention.  The  celebration  drew  its success  from the  families of the victims and witnesses who braved the storm of terrorism and persecution.  

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In stark contrast,  the government has yet  to convict or declare  the CPLA responsible  in any of these crimes.    

Rejection of false autonomy  

The next Cordillera Day celebration was  in Tadian, Mountain Province.    It  took place amid  the fuss over  the drafting of an Organic Act  for an Autonomous Region of  the Cordillera, which  in 1990 was  rejected  in  a  referendum.  The Act  failed  to  truly  represent  the  land/resources  and political  interests  of  the  Cordillera  people  and  there  was  no  genuine  consultation  with  the people. Its close association with the CPLA was a major factor for the strong rejection.  

In  1990,  Cordillera  Day  was  celebrated  in  Conner,  Apayao,  with  the  theme,  “Live  out  True Autonomy.”    The  celebration  stressed  that  the  true  essence  of  autonomy  is  that  which  is practiced at  the  community  level and not one  that  is  imposed.   The  celebration also held  the dornat or renewal of the peace pact between two communities – an Isneg tribe and a Tingguian tribe.  

 In  1991,  Cordillera  Day  was  held  for  the  second  time  in  Tadian,  Mountain  Province.    It highlighted  sustainable  development  of  resources  within  ancestral  lands  as  an  integral component of advancing autonomy.   

The  following year  saw  the Cordillera Day  celebration  in  Itogon, Benguet,  site of  the open‐pit mining  operations.    It  projected  the militant  struggle  of  the  communities  against  large‐scale mining and the plunder of their resources and  livelihood since the early 1900s when American mining started in the area.  

In  1993,  Cordillera  Day  was  celebrated  in  Sagada,  Mountain  Province  where  soldiers  and paramilitary elements stationed at a ridge overlooking the venue, “guarded” the activity.   

Cordillera Day 1994 was held  in Mankayan, Benguet. Like Itogon, Mankayan communities since the American colonial period have been affected by  large and destructive mining operations of the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company.    Issues of mineworkers on retrenchment and their longstanding  demands  were  put  forward.  It  was  also  the  first  year  of  the  United  Nations’ International Decade for the World’s Indigenous Peoples, which ends this 2004. In line with this, the  CPA’s  decade‐long  campaign  for  the  “Defense  of  Land,  Life  and  Resources”  was  also launched.   

It was  during  this  year  that  the  CPLA  and  other  groups  started  their  own  bogus  version  of “Cordillera  National  Day.”    Such  self‐serving  bogus  celebrations  would  be  attempted  in  the coming  years  depending  on  the  objectives  of  CPLA,  the  Armed  Forces  of  the  Philippines  or traditional politicians who persistently tried to confuse the people.  

Cordillera  Day  1995  was  the  only  decentralized  celebration,  held  in  the  provinces  of  the Cordillera and in Baguio City.  

In 1996, Cordillera Day was celebrated in Baguio City for the second time. A breakthrough in the history of Cordillera Day, the celebration was characterized by week‐long coordinated activities 

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and conferences, and peaked  in a march–rally.   A covenant was signed denouncing the policies of  the  Ramos  government  like  the  Expanded  Value  Added  Tax,  the MTPDP  (Medium  Term Philippine Development Plan), Mining Act of 1995, San Roque Dam and policies on agriculture, tourism, ancestral lands and deceptive regional autonomy.   

Still the same issues 

The  Cordillera Day  celebration  in  1997  focused  on  the  issues  of megadams, which were  the starting  issues  of  the  early Macliing Memorials  and  Cordillera  Day.  It was  held  in  Dalupirip, Itogon, Benguet, one of  the  remaining bastions of  Ibaloi culture  threatened by  the San Roque Dam construction.   Anti‐Chico dam veterans  from Bontok and Kalinga  shared  their experience with  the  younger  generation,  narrating  how  they  employed  different  legal  means,  mass mobilizations,  and  even  armed  resistance  to defend  their  land.    The  elders openly  expressed their appreciation and gratitude to the NPA for its support in their life‐and‐death struggle.  They urged  the  people  of  Dalupirip  to  learn  from  their  experience  and  heed  the  lessons  of  their struggle.   

Unlike the past celebrations which were held only on April 24, the 1997 Cordillera Day started the tradition of holding the celebration for two days.  Various workshops on people’s issues were held on the first day.  The main celebration was on the second day.  

The 1998 Cordillera Day was the first centralized celebration to be held in the province of Abra, outside of the 1995 decentralized celebrations.  It was a slap on the face of the CPLA since it was in this area that the CPLA was formed and where the Balweg faction declared their split from the NPA in 1986.  

Balweg and his CPLA desperately attempted to prevent the preparations and even harassed the participants who were on their way to the venue.  But all their efforts were futile as the villages remained  firm  in  their  determination  to  host  the  Cordillera  Day.    Delegates  from Mountain Province trekked the mountains for a day just to reach the venue.   

Cordillera Day 1998 was held in the wake of the resounding rejection of a bogus autonomy act in a second plebiscite. It reiterated the basic position of the Cordillera peoples’ movement on the issue  –  genuine  respect  of  ancestral  land  rights,  indigenous  socio‐political  institutions,  and democratic processes is the essence of Genuine Regional Autonomy.  

The  celebration  for  Cordillera  Day  in  1999  was  hosted  by  another  community  with  many historical  lessons of struggles  to share. This  time  it was  in Mainit, Bontoc, Mountain Province.  Before the actual Cordillera Day celebration, Mainit and the nearby villages united  in a petition to  drive  away  the  54th  Infantry  Battalion  from  the  area.    Thus,  there  were  no  military harassments during  the actual gathering.   The host  community  shared  their historic  record  in frustrating  various  tactics  of mining  companies  to  enter  their  ancestral  territory  as  well  as opposing  through concerted militant actions a geothermal energy project. Thus,  the challenge espoused by the 1999 Cordillera Day was to draw lessons from militant local struggles.  

Cordillera Day 2000 was the second celebration to be held in Abra, this time in the municipality of Sallapadan..   With  the enactment of  Indigenous People’s Rights Act  (IPRA) and various anti‐

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people  projects  in  the  region,  the  call  during  the  celebration  was  “Resist  all  attempts  to disintegrate  the  indigenous  systems and processes of  the Cordillera peoples.”   The unity pact forged  in 1998  in Tubo was renewed  in a closing ritual  led by  the host community and elders.  The  celebration  supported  the  community  protest  against  the  FTAA  (Financial  and  Technical Assistance Agreement) application of a U.S. mining company, Newmont.  The peasant situation, IPRA (Indigenous Peoples Rights Act) and various issues on forestry were tackled.   

In  2001,  Cordillera Day was  brought  again  to Mankayan,  Benguet  ‐  a  community  ravaged  by mining.  The  usual  scarcity  of water  due  to  Lepanto Mining  operations was minimized  by  the discipline of delegates in view of rationed water.  This was also assuaged by a sudden welcome rain at the time of Cordillera Day.  

The  delegates  saw  first‐hand  the  tailings  dam  of  Lepanto,  ground  subsidence  and  massive landslide as well as  the collapsed mine  tailings dams.   The celebration highlighted  the burning issue  of mining  and  expressed  support  to  the  local  struggle  against  Lepanto  operation  and expansion.   

It was also during  this year  that  the peoples’ movement participated  in  the electoral  struggle through the party list elections.  The celebration pointed out the role of the mass movement in Philippine elections and advanced the politics of genuine change.  Cordillera Day 2001 supported Bayan Muna  (People  First),  a  progressive  political  party  of marginalized  sectors, which  later overwhelmingly topped the party‐list elections and garnered more than enough votes to qualify for the maximum three seats allowed to party‐list groups in the House of Representatives.  

Returning to where it all began 

Going back to where it all started in the Chico Valley, Cordillera Day 2002 was celebrated in the village of Dupag, situated along the Chico River,  in Tabuk, Kalinga.   There was an ocular tour to the  historic  sites  of  protests  against  the  Chico  Dam  passing  through  military  detachments stationed  inside the community. As Kalinga  is the most militarized province  in the region and  is beset with tribal wars together with Mountain Province, the celebration drew attention to and passed resolutions on the issues of tribal wars, militarization, and human rights.  

The  celebration  also  highlighted  the  national  and  international  protests  against  U.S. military intervention  in the Philippines, and the all‐out puppetry of the Arroyo regime to U.S President Bush’s preemptive wars of aggression and intervention in sovereign states.  

Cordillera Day 2002 was honored with  the presence of  the CPA  founding  chairperson,  lawyer William “Billy” Claver. Aside from the remarkable support of the local government unit, the 2002 celebration had  the biggest number of  international delegates  and mobilization  in  the  recent celebrations.  

In 2003, the Cordillera Day accomplished another breakthrough as this was the only celebration ever  held  outside  the  government‐defined  Cordillera  Administrative  Region.    It  was  held  in Lamag, Quirino,  Ilocos Sur.   Cordillera Day 2003 affirmed  the  self‐defined  identity of  the host community, being  Igorot  indigenous peoples and  reaffirmed  the Cordillera mountain  range as the regional geographical coverage of the Cordillera region as defined by the Cordillera peoples’ 

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movement.   The celebration served  to build  the broadest Cordillera and  Ilokandia solidarity  in saving  the  mighty  Abra  River  from  further  destruction  by  Lepanto  Mining  for  the  next generations.  

Testament to a people’s resolve 

Delegates to the Cordillera Day celebrations range from 3,000 to 4,500 persons. It continues to be the biggest annual regional mobilization of CPA and serves as a mass educational forum for the  Cordillera mass movement. Mobilizations  could  easily  be much  bigger  if  not  for  financial constraints. Militarization has also been a factor restricting village delegations.  

Celebrations have also been held  for  the past several years  in Hongkong, Belgium and Macau, and recently by Filipino Americans in California.  These are organized by Cordillera migrants and workers together with international solidarity partners and advocates of Cordillera struggles and indigenous peoples rights.   

The history of Cordillera Day is the history of a vibrant peoples’ struggle for a just society. It is an annual observance of achievements, where weaknesses are recognized and lessons are learned.  It is an annual event for renewing the commitment and ideals pursued by the Cordillera heroes and martyrs.    It  is a  testament  to  the unwavering  resolve of  the Cordillera peoples and of  the Filipino  people  to  further  strengthen  the  struggle  for  genuine  regional  autonomy  for  the Cordillera within a truly sovereign and democratic Philippines. Bulatlat.com  

PHOTO  ESSAY  Cordillera Day Celebration Through the Years 

POSTED BY BULATLAT.COM 

 

1985: The first Cordillera Day celebration held in Sadanga, Mt. Province (Bulatlat file photo) 

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1986: Defending the Cordillera peoples' right to self‐determination (Bulatlat file photo) 

 

1990: Calling on the Cordillera people to "live out true autonomy" (Photo by Lito Ocampo) 

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1992: Cordillera Day celebration in Baguio City  (Photo courtesy of Cordillera People's Alliance) 

 

2002: Back to where it all began ‐‐ Tabuk, Kalinga (Photos by Oliver Garcia) 

 

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2003:  Building  the  broadest  Cordillera  and  Ilokandia  solidarity  to  save  the  Abra  River  from further destruction, the Cordillera Day celebration was held in Quirino, Ilocos Sur, outside of the government‐defined  Cordillera  Administrative  Region  for  the  first  time.  (Photos  courtesy  of Cordillera People's Alliance) 

Posted by Bulatlat.com     

Cordillera: Still not autonomous after 21 years of preparation 07/22/2008 | 05:23 PM

BAGUIO CITY, Philippines - More than half of the people of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

have no idea that the 1987 Constitution provides for their autonomy. That's why after 21 years since the

Constitution was passed, they still have not become the Cordillera Autonomous Region – not even after two

plebiscites, one in 1995 and another in 1998, both of which failed.

To be exact, 64 percent of the people in the region know nothing about autonomy, according to a survey

conducted from October 2007 to January 2008 by the Regional Development Council.

"This is lamentable, and at the same time an eye opener," Baguio Rep. Mauricio Domogan told several

hundred participants of the Walk Cordillera Walk advocacy campaign on Monday at the Baguio Athletic Bowl.

It was Juan Ngalob, the director of the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), who cited the

results of the survey.

Last Monday also happened to be the 21st anniversary of CAR, which was was created on July 15, 1987,

supposedly as a first step to its becoming an autonomous region.

More statistics

While other parts of the country are clamoring for federalism and autonomy, Cordillerans have no idea what

such concepts could mean to them, politically or economically.

Ngalob cited more figures that should worry Cordillera politicians:

• 40 percent of Cordillerans do not know if the CAR is ready to become autonomous.

• More than a third think CAR is not ready yet to become autonomous.

• 66 percent of Cordillerans would not know how to vote should a third organic act need to be ratified in a

plebiscite, as set in the Constitution.

• Only 19 percent would vote to ratify an organic act.

• 15 percent said they would votes against ratifying an organic act.

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Refocusing efforts

But Ngalob remains confident that the groundwork has been laid down and that an information campaign

could still lead to autonomy.

According to Ngalob, the government has decided to refocus its efforts to regional development and

autonomy to enable local officials to deliver functions devolved by the national government, such as sharing

taxes among regional agencies.

To achieve that, Domogan said some local officials are now proposing to amend Executive Order 220 which

paved the way for the creation of the CAR.

"Let us work together to achieve what is good under EO220 without giving up the dream for autonomy,"

Domogan said.

An autonomy law for the Cordillera is being crafted now, according to the legislator.

He admitted that how past political leaders in the region here wanted to ram through the organic act without

people really understanding the meaning of autonomy.

Shift To federalism

Autonomy advocate Gabino Ganggangan, a former mayor of Sadanga town in Mountain Province, claims

that the first two autonomy drafts were government sponsored laws that were "planned to fail."

The issue of autonomy, he said, had become so unpopular that even the earlier prime movers had shifted

strategy by adopting a more prominent stance for federalism.

Leaders of the newly unified Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army (CPLA) and its political arm, the Cordillera

Bodong Administration (CBA) has agreed to pursue Cordillera autonomy’s political and economic

development agenda this time.

But it will do so in a wider and broader scope through a federal form of national governance, according to

Miguel Guimbatan Jr., who had helped the CPLA and CBA.

Lawyer Joel Obar, a former CBA chief executive, explained that the term autonomy has lost its meaning

after being misused, abused, and tainted with several negative connotations.

"Federalism is an answer," Obar said.

Obar still encourages advocates to resume their passion for self-determination and self-governance through

federalism. He suggests a separate federal state also for the Cebuano’s, the Ilongos, and the Warays.

Newly elected CPLA chief of staff Mando Mosing, alias Ka Mando, said: "Federalism has been our stand even

before the autonomy concept was introduced. We have a unique resource base and cultural background.

Development efforts should start from here."

In 1986, Mosing received the peace tokens from President Corazon Aquino during the Mount Data peace

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accord with the CPLA.

Common culture, common aspirations

The upland region of the Cordillera is still composed of indigenous people in the provinces of Abra, Benguet,

Mountain Province, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Apayao.

Each have diversified practices but with a distinct and common cultural heritage, history, and aspirations.

CBA president Marcelina Bahatan suggests that other areas with distinct culture and resources might want

to develop and be governed with their own unique way through a federal regional government.

A national movement to shift to a federal form of government is gaining ground with the proposal of

maintaining 11 federal estates.

From north to south, they are:

1. Northern Luzon

2. Cordillera

3. Central Luzon

4. Metro Manila

5. Southern Luzon

6. Bicol

7. Western Visayas and Palawan

8. Central and Eastern Visayas

9. Northern Mindanao and Zamboanga Peninsula

10. Davao Region and Central Mindanao

11. Bangsamoro (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)

According to the federalism proposal: "Each is an autonomous regional government of the federal republic.

The territory of the different 'estados' is determined by a combination of geographic contiguity of their

component areas, their ethnic, linguistic and other cultural aspects, and their socio-economic potential and

viability." - GMANews.TV

 

 

Cordillera: Autonomy Campaign Gets Funding

Sunday, 11 February 2007

Below is an article published by Sun Star:

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has earmarked P15 million [approximately 240.000 Euro] from the approved P1.126 trillion national budget this year to jumpstart the mapping of strategies to jumpstart the revitalized autonomy campaign in the Cordillera.

Mountain Province Governor Maximo Dalog, chairman of the Regional Development Council (RDC), said the renewed autonomy campaign is aimed at teaching local government units to be fiscally autonomous

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before the region could be ready for the long desired self rule. He added the continuing appropriation, which will be under the care of the RDC, will be on the perception of Cordillerans on autonomy especially for the present and future generations. Earlier, the RDC approved the revival of the debates on Cordillera autonomy and requested Arroyo to provide P33 million annually as its working budget to formulate appropriate strategies that could help inform the people on the real purpose and benefits of autonomy. National Economic and Development Authority (Neda) Regional Director Juan Ngalob, concurrent RDC vice chairman, pointed out that the best way to achieve regional autonomy is to make sure that all local government units comprising the Cordillera are financially stable because fiscal autonomy is the foundation of political autonomy. In achieving fiscal autonomy, he said local officials must not increase existing taxes but instead come up with be resourceful in maximizing their available potential sources of revenue. Dalog said the funds will be utilized for the preparation and full implementation of the strategies that will finally convert the administrative status of the Cordillera into a full-pledged autonomous region. The 1987 Constitution provides that autonomous regions will be established in the Cordillera and Mindanao in recognition of their plight for self-governance. On July 15, 1987, former President Corazon Aquino signed Executive Order 220 creating the Cordillera Administrative Region, which is composed of the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province and the City of Baguio in preparation for its autonomous status. However, the Cordillerans overwhelmingly rejected the two autonomy laws passed by Congress in two plebiscites: one on January 30, 1990 and the other on March 7, 1998. Ngalob claimed the RDC is not rushing the conversion of the Cordillera into an autonomous region but people must be well-educated on the benefits of being an autonomous region in the next 20 years or more.