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8/13/2019 2 WSA Technology for Treatment
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1
Torben Christensen
WSA technology for treatment of H2S and
SO2 gases producing sulphuric acid including
acid production based on molten sulphur
Presentation - Main contents
Introduction to the subject “WSA technology”
Treatment of the feed streams SO2, H2S and S
The basic concept of the WSA process
The detailed WSA process
Reference situation
Conclusion
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WSA technology - “The concept”
Converts SO2 in off-gases into commercial-grade
sulphuric acid
Treats the off-gas in wet condition, i.e. no drying of the
off-gas is required
No consumption or additives
No production of waste products
Simple, efficient, reliable and competitive process
Hot combustion air
Aci dcooling
Product
acid
Cooling
water
SO2conversion
Gas
cooling
Aci d
conden-sation
H2S gas/
Molten
sulphur
Incineration
H2SO4 (gas) = H2SO4 (liquid) + 90 kJ/mole
HP superheated steam
Atmosph eric air Cool ing
water return
Clean process
gas to stack
H2S + 1.5 O2 = H2O + SO2 + 518 kJ/mole
Combustion
SO2 + ½O2 = SO3 + 99 kJ/mole
OxidationHydration
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 (gas) + 101 kJ/mole
Condensation Large export of high pressure steam, 2-3 ton/ton acid produced
Low cooling water consumption, 8-9 m3/ton acid produced
Principles of the WSA process,
H2S and sulphur
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Cooling
water returnHP superheated steam
Atmosph eric air
Hot air for p reheating
Aci d
cooling
Clean process
gas to stack
Product
acid
Cooling
water
SO2 rich
off-gas SO2conversion
Gas
cooling
Pre-
heating
Aci d
conden-
sation
H2SO4 (gas) = H2SO4 (liquid) + 90 kJ/moleSO2 + ½O2 = SO3 + 99 kJ/mole
OxidationHydration
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 (gas) + 101 kJ/mole
Condensation No fuel consumption with an SO2 content above 3 % (vol.)
Low cooling water consumption, 8-9 m3/ton acid produced
Principles of the WSA process,
SO2
gas
WSA plant lay-out, H2S gas and sulphur
H2S gas
Steam
system
Superheated
steam
SO2converter
Acid pump
Acid cooler
Product acid
Combustion air Blower
Stack gas
Blower
WSA
condenser
Interbed
cooler
Interbedcooler
Gascooler
Incinerator
Air
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WSA plant lay-out, H2S gas and sulphur
H2S gas
Steamsystem
Superheatedsteam
SO2
converter
Acid pump
Acid cooler
Product acid
Combustionair Blower
Stackgas
Blower
WSAcondenser
Interbedcooler
Interbedcooler
Gascooler
Incinerator
Air
WSA plant lay-out, H2S gas and sulphur
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WSA plant lay-out, SO2
gas
Superheated
steam
SO2 gas
Heat
recoverysystem
SO2converter
Acid pump
Acid cooler
Product acid
PreheatingBlower
Stack gas
Blower
WSA
condenser
Interbedcooler
Interbedcooler
Gascooler
Heatexchanger
Air
WSA plant lay-out, SO2 gas
Superheated
steam
SO2 gas
Heatrecoverysystem
SO2converter
Acid pump
Acid cooler
Product acid
PreheatingBlower
Stackgas
Blower
WSAcondenser
Interbedcooler
Interbedcooler
Gascooler
Heatexchanger
Air
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WSA plant lay-out, SO2
gas
WSA - Simple system, few components
Superheated
steam
Heatrecoverysystem
SO2converter
Acid pump
Acid cooler
Product acid
Combustion air/preheatingBlower
Stack gas
Blower
WSA
condenser
Interbedcooler
Interbedcooler
Gascooler
Air
SO2 gas
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Catalyst layer
Interbed cooler
SO2
converter details
Heatrecoverysystem
SO2converter
400-420°C
265-290°C
Off-gas withH2SO4(gas)
400-420°C
400-420°C
Superheated
steam
SO2 gas
SO2 converter
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SO2
converter incl. interbed cooler
Heat transfer system
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WSA condenser - Principle design
Hot Air Outlet
Cooling AirInlet
Clean Gas Outlet
Product Acid Outlet
Acid GasInlet
Cooling air inlet
Clean gas outlet
Hot air outlet
WSA condenser details
Sulphuric acid
98%70% Acid
strength (%)
Acid gas inlet
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WSA condenser erection
WSA condenser erection
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WSA condenser erection
WSA condenser erection
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WSA condenser erection
Installation of WSA condenser module
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WSA condenser internals
WSA condenser internals
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WSA acid cooling system
WSA acid cooling system
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Typical scope of supply
License package (min scope)
Basic engineering of WSA plant (min scope)
Supply of proprietary equipment (min scope)
Catalyst (min scope)
Detailed engineering of WSA plant
Supply of IBL equipment of WSA plant
Supervision during erection and commissioning
Clean off-gas
0.1% SO2
(98.1% reduction)854 MTPD H2SO4
(98% purity)
SO2 gas - Pb/Zn plant at Kazzinc, Kazakh.
6.5% SO2
5% H2O
14% O2
125,000 Nm3/hr
WSA
Steam
7 ts/hr
15 barg
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Clean off-gas
175 ppm SO2(99.2% reduction)
168 MTPD H2SO4
(98% purity)
H2
S gas - gasification plant, Guanghui, China
51.5% CO2
4,7% H2S
9,340 Nm3/hr
WSA
Steam
26 ts/hr
4 barg
Clean off-gas
350 ppm SO299.5 % reduction
300 MTPD H2SO4(98% purity)
Sulphur burn. - acid plant, Meranol, Argentina
4,025 kg/h S
WSA
Steam
xx ts/hr
40 barg
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Salient features of WSA
More than 99% of the sulphur content is recovered
Sulphur is recovered as concentrated sulphuric acid of
commercial quality (~98%)
Very low consumption of cooling water
No waste products or waste water
No consumption of chemicals or other additives
Salient features (cont.)
Efficient heat recovery
– (superheated high pressure steam export)
Wide turn-down range (1:10)
Simple lay-out, small plot area
Low investment and attractive operating economy
One point responsibility
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Any questions ?
Thank you for your attention!