2. UFW Reduction Activity - JICAAction Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW teams from the whole SHAPWASCO branches and held workshops on February 24 to 25, 2007

2. UFW Reduction Activity

2.1 Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity

THE PROJECT FOR

IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGEMENT CAPACITY OF

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR SHAPWASCO IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity

March 2007

Project Team SHARKIA POTABLE WATER

AND SANITATION COMPANY (SHAPWASCO)

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL

COOPERATION AGENCY

(JICA)

SHARKIA POTABLE WATER

AND SANITATION COMPANY

(SHAPWASCO)

2.1-1

The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity

________________________________________________________________________________ Project Team / SHAPWASCO


Table of Contents

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1

Chapter 1. Pilot Project Sites............................................................................................... 3

1.1 Method of Selecting Pilot Project Sites ......................................................................... 3

1.2 Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites.......................................................................... 4

Chapter 2. Actions to be taken for UFW Reduction Activity ........................................... 6

Chapter 3. Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activity.................................................. 8

Chapter 4. Description of Each Action ............................................................................... 9

Action 1 Conducting training of C/P staff at Mostrod Training Center................................ 9

Action 2 Conducting leakage (or MNF) survey for candidate sites ..................................... 11

Action 3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area ...................................... 11

Action 4 Preparing GIS drawings......................................................................................... 11

Action 5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan ....................... 11

Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network ......................................................... 12

Action 7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites........... 12

Action 8 Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house .............. 12

Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey........................................................................ 15

Action 10 Making water balance analysis (before repair works) ........................................... 15

Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey .................................................................... 15

Action 12 Repairing leaking parts .......................................................................................... 19

Action 13 Conducting leakage survey (after repair works) .................................................... 19

Action 14 Conducting water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation .................. 19

Chapter 5. Other Activities related to UFW Reduction Activity ...................................... 20

Chapter 6. Implementation Schedule of UFW Reduction Activity .................................. 22

Attachment

1. Drawings for Candidate Sites for Pilot Project in Each Pilot Area

2. Arrangement of UFW Teams in Minimum Night Flow (Leakage) Survey for Candidate

Areas of Pilot Project Sites (Tentative)

3. Arrangement of UFW Teams in Pilot Project for Selected Pilot Project Site (Tentative for

Zagazig City-East)

2.1-2


________________________________________________________________________________ Project Team / SHAPWASCO

Abbreviations

SHAPWASCO Sharkia Potable Water and Sanitation Company

UFW Unaccounted-for Water

HQ Headquarters

C/P Counterpart

GIS Geographical Information System

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

MNF Minimum Night Flow

2.1-3


_______________________________________________________________________________ 1Project Team / SHAPWASCO

Introduction

In order to grasp the current situation of unaccounted-for water (UFW) in Sharkia Governorate

and formulate an action plan for UFW reduction activity, UFW/HQ Team conducted site

surveys with Expert Team from December 2006 to January 2007. For the formulation of

Action Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW teams from the whole

SHAPWASCO branches and held workshops on February 24 to 25, 2007. The attendants

participated in the workshops are listed below. Actions to be taken to achieve the purpose of

the project have been discussed actively including the selection of pilot project sites for the

activity and results were compiled as “Action Plan for UFW Reduction Activity”.

UFW Teams for Action Plan formulation

City/Markaz Name

SHAPWASCO Headquarters (HQ) Mr. Alae El Din Mohamed (E)

Zagazig City - West

Mr. Salama Mahmoud Abd El Aal (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed BakrSupervisor (S)

Zagazig City – East

Mr. Samir Mahmoud Abd El Hameed (E) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed El Hariry (S)

Zagazig Markaz

Ms. Asmaa Mohamed Farag (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Sabry (S)

Hihya Markaz

Mr. Mahdy Fathy Ahmed (E) Mr.Amin Sedeek Amin (S)

Ibrahimiya Markaz

Mr. Abdou Mohamed Ahmed (E) Mr. Abd Allah Abd El Mgeed (S)

Diarb Nigm Markaz

Mr. Adel Salah Sadek (E) Mr. Mohamed Abbass (S)

Awlad Saqr Markaz

Mr. Emad Ahmed Abd El Kader (E) Mr. Bendary Hassan Bendary (S)

Kafr Saqr Markaz

Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf (E) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed (S)

Menia Al Qamah Markaz

Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Nour (E) Mr. Adel Saleh (S)

Mashtool El Sooq Markaz

Mr. Saeed Abd El Rahman Hefni (E) Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Ali Hozayen (S)

Bilbais Markaz

Mr. Bendary Abd El Kader Sharawy (E) Mr. Reda Abd El Hameed Abd Allah (S)

Faqus Markaz

Mr. Sebaey Mohamed Aly Rabea (E) Mr. Mostafa Mohamed Sobeeh (S)

Abu Kabier Markaz

Mr. El Saied Abd El Reheem (E) Mr. Abd El Wahab Mohamed Aly (S)

Abu Hamad Markaz

Mr. Mostafa Abd Allah Ghanaiem (E) Mr. El Saied Hamed Hemdaan (S)

El Husseinia Markaz

Mr. Salah Abd El Haq (E) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Monem (S)

Note : (E) stands for engineer and (S) for supervisor

2.1-4



JICA Expert Team

Mr. Masahiro Takeuchi Chief Advisor/Water Supply Planning

Mr. Masatoshi Seno Expert/Unaccounted for Water Reduction

Mr. Noboru Saeki Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities

Mr. Keizo Kimura Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities

Mr. Mitsuhito Omori Coordinator/Hydraulic Analysis for Network

Mr. Mohamed Nagi Project Facilitator

Mr. Mohamed Sobhy Expert/Unaccounted for Water Reduction

Mr. Mahmoud Khalaf Expert/SOP Activity for Water Supply Facilities

Ms. Reem Abd El Rahman Interpreter

2.1-5



Chapter 1. Pilot Project Sites

1.1 Method for Selecting Pilot Project Sites

(1) Size of Pilot Project Sites

Six pilot project sites in total shall be selected, three sites each from Pilot Area 1 (Zagazig City

and Zagazig Markaz) and Pilot Area 2 (Hihya, Diarb Nigm and Ibrahimiya Markaz), where

UFW reduction activities shall be carried out.

After leakage survey (or minimum night flow measurement) of the candidate areas for pilot

project sites, the pilot project site shall be selected in each pilot project area as shown in Table

1-1.

Policies for setting the size of each pilot project site, including the number of house connections

to be covered and the size of districts, are as provided in Table 1-1. The locations of the pilot

project sites shall be selected after the minimum night flow (or leakage) survey for the candidate

sites for the pilot project sites. The candidate area shall be determined based on the study of

the existing drawings and a field survey to be conducted in cooperation with the C/P,

considering the feasibility of measuring effects as a pilot project.

Table 1-1 Number of Pilot Project Site in each Pilot Project Area

Pilot Area No.

Pilot Project Area Number of Pilot

Project Site Size of Pilot Project Site

(House Connection) Zagazig City-East 1 500 - 1,000 Zagazig City-West 1 500 - 1,000 1 Zagazig Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 Hihya Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 Diarb Nigm Markaz 1 1,000 – 3,000 2 Ibrahimiya Markaz 1 1,000 - 3,000

Note : The number of house connection shown above is the preferable number. It is subject to change according to the situation of the area.

(2) Criteria for Selecting Candidate Areas

The basic parameters to be considered in the selection of the pilot project site shall be:

1. The pilot project site should have control valves so that the district could be isolated from

the network with just one inlet point. At this inlet point, a flow meter shall be installed to

measure the minimum night flow rate. In rural areas in markaz, we can identify some

isolated regions with tree system of distribution networks.

2. Preferably, the used water billing method is computerized on a database.

3. The isolation valves should be in good working conditions.

4. Size and type of the area: the size should be limited to enable proper monitoring of the

network and water connections.

2.1-6



5. Size and type of customers: the area should have a good mix of type of customers, i.e. sewer,

non-sewer, private and governmental. The number of customers should be limited to

manage the customer validation process.

6. The pilot project site shall have a high visible water leakage points and operating water

pressure of 1-2 bars.

7. It is preferable to select an area with asbestos cement pipe. It is assumed that asbestos

cement pipes have the oldest age.

8. The district shall be provided with water meters for each house connections. No

unauthorized or un-metered connections are allowed. If any connections without water

meters, these shall be provided with new water meters by SHAPWASCO before the

commencement of the pilot project.

9. All water meters shall be registered and regularly read and documented in the billing

database.

10. If fire hydrant exists in the pilot project sites, monitoring of fire fighting shall be taken into

consideration to account the fire fighting water as legal losses during study period.

11. Preferably, no public taps exist in the pilot project site. If any exists, a water meter shall be

installed at the public tap.

12. The area of the pilot project site shall be around 2 to 3 km2 or as per the conditions of the

candidate site.

13. In order to minimize the cost for repair works, wide road, roads with heavy traffic, paved

road and so forth shall be avoided.

14. Appropriate network drawing shall be available indicating the location of control valves and

how to raise the pressure inside the area, if required.

1.2 Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites

The pilot project sites in each pilot area shall be determined by the results of leakage survey (or

minimum night flow survey) for the candidate areas for pilot project sites. The candidate areas

for pilot project sites have been nominated in Phase-1 as shown in Table 1-2 and the maps

attached as Attachment-1.

2.1-7



Table 1-2 List of Nominated Candidate Areas for Pilot Project Sites

City/Markaz Name Candidate Area Number of

House ConnectionZagazig City - East Aera-1 El Zend 501 Area-2 El Husienia 900 Area-3 Manshiat El Husienia 1,200 Area-4 El Henawy 962 Area-5 Hai Mubarak 489 Zagazig City - West Aera-1 Hai El Salam 365 Area-2 Abu Areiba 546 Area-3 El Zagazig El Buhari 600 Area-4 Hassan Saleh 450 Area-5 Manshiet El Sadat 1,062 Zagazig Markaz Aera-1 Kafr El Hamam 2,012 Area-2 Bana Yous 2,410 Area-3 El Messalamia 1,000 Area-4 Sharwida 900 Area-5 Tahlet Bordain 850 Hihya Markaz Aera-1 Southern Western of

Hihya City 4,000

Area-2 Southern Eastern of Hihya City

2,000

Area-3 El Shbraween 1,300 Area-4 El Mosalami 541 Area-5 El Mahdiah 2,062 Ibrahimiya Markaz Aera-1 Ibrahimiya City 1,025 Area-2 El Halawat 1,097 Area-3 El Seds 584 Area-4 Kafr Abo El Deeb 697 Area-5 El Habsh 1,126 Diarb Nigm Markaz Aera-1 Diarb Nigm City (El

Kosailah El Bahryiah) 1,500

Area-2 Bahnya 1,800 Area-3 Gemezat Bani Amr 2,000 Area-4 Sahbarah 1,030 Area-5 Taha El Marg 1,430

Note : The number of house connection above is for reference only and the approximate number will be confirmed before making field survey of the candidate area.

2.1-8



Chapter 2. Actions to be taken for UFW Reduction Activity

During the UFW reduction activity in Phase-2 to 4 of the Project, following actions shall be

taken.

Table 2-1 Actions to be Taken in UFW Reduction Activity in Phase-2 to 4

Action Title Contents Remarks 1 Conducting training of C/P

staff at Mostrod Training Center

Conducting training of counterpart staff (UFW teams for HQ, Zagazig City and each Markaz) at Mostrod Training Center

2 Conducting leakage (or minimum night flow : MNF) survey for candidate sites

Conducting MNF survey for 30 candidate areas for Pilot Area-1 and Pilot Area-2 in total.

3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area

Pick up one (1) candidate area as the pilot project site for Zagazig City (East and West) and 4 Markazes

4 Preparing GIS drawings Preparing GIS drawings for distribution pipelines of the pilot project areas using the base maps prepared in Phase-1

5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan

Visiting Jordan and learning outputs of UFW reduction project

One Japanese expert and five members of UFW teams

6 Making field survey of distribution network

Detection of visible leakage (including service pipes) in the pilot project sites

Recording the leakage points on the maps

7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites

Collection and sorting-out of customers’ data in the pilot project sites

Check of the installation conditions of water meter

Replacement of non-working water meters with new meters

Conducting meter reading (approx. for one week) of the customers in the pilot project site in parallel with the leakage survey

Identifying non-working meters

Procurement of new water meters and preparation of installation

8 Measuring metering error for working meters and waste in the house

Measuring metering error for water meter of at 20 to 30 customers selected at random in the pilot project site

9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey

Conducting MNF survey of the selected pilot project sites (6 sites)

2.1-9



Action Title Contents Remarks 10 Making Water balance

analysis before repair works Checking current leakage by

minimum night flow (MNF) Measuring total distributed water

flow consumed in the pilot project site in 24 hours

Calculation of UFW ratio before leakage repair

Obtaining MNF by conducting 24-hour water flow measurement

11 Conducting leakage detection survey in the pilot project sites

Detecting invisible (or underground) leakage

Sorting-out the repairing items Estimating required cost for repair

Reporting SHAPWASCO required cost estimate

12 Repairing leaking parts Acquiring construction permits from the authorities concerned

Inspection by the authority concerned, if necessary

13 Conducting leakage survey after repair works

Checking the leakage after the repair by MNF survey

Calculation of UFW after the leakage repair

14 Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation

Sorting out the contents of UFW

By using the following results : - Distributed water

flow - Water consumption by

water meter reading - MNF - Metering error

Activities related to UFW reduction activity

1 Holding UFW workshops and seminars for presenting the activity results

Holding internal workshops and open workshops

Holding open seminars

2 Conducting water conservation campaign

Distributing leaflet to the customers, making lecture in school, etc.

2.1-10



Chapter 3. Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activities

Figure 3-1 Flow of Actions for UFW Reduction Activity

10 candidates shall be nominated for Zagazig City and 5 for 4 Markazes as pilot project area

Candidate-1 Candidate-2 Candidate-3 Candidate-4

Conducting training of C/P Staff at Mostrod Training Center Conducting leakage (MNF)

survey for candidate sites

Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area

Preparing GIS drawings

Making field survey of distribution network

Surveying installation conditions of water meters in the pilot project sites

Conducting leakage (MNF) survey

Making water balance analysis before repair works

Conducting leakage detection survey

Repairing leaking parts

Conducting leakage survey (including meter readings) after repair works

Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation

Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house

Conducting meter readings for one week to get data of revenue water

① MNF

② Total distributed water flow

Identifying items to be repaired

Estimating required cost for repair

SHAPWASCO secures the budget

For criteria, refer to section 1.1

Phase 1

Phase 2～

Phase 4

Learning experience from similar UFW reduction project in Jordan

Action 1

Action 2

Action 3

Action 4

Action 5

Action 6

Action 7-1Action 8

Action 9

Action 10

Action 11

Action 12

Action 13

Action 14

Action 7-2

2.1-11



Chapter 4. Description of Each Action

Actions listed in Table 2-1 are described in details as follows:

Action 1 Conducting Training of C/P Staff at Mostrod Training Center

UFW teams have been organized for the Pilot Project Areas : Pilot Area 1 (Zagazig City and

Zagazig Markaz) and Pilot Area 2 (Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes).

The UFW team of Zagazig City and each Markaz of SHAPWASCO consists of one (1) engineer,

three (3) supervisor and two (2) workers. The names of engineer and supervisors are

mentioned in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 List of UFW Team Member

City/Markaz Name

SHAPWASCO Headquarters Mr. Alae El Din Mohamed

Zagazig City - East

Mr. Salama Mahmoud Abd El Aal (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Bakr (S) Mr. Medhat Moneir Mahmoud (S) Mr. Mohamed Hafez Lotfy (S)

Zagazig City - West

Mr. Samir Mahmoud Abd El Hameed (E) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed El Hariry (S) Mr. Nabil Fathy El Sayed (S) Mr. Gorge Abd El Maseeh (S)

Zagazig Markaz

Ms. Asmaa Mohamed Farag (E) Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Sabry (S) Mr. El Sayed Farag Ahmed (S) Mr. Ibrahim Bayoumi Mohamed (S)

Hihya Markaz

Mr. Mahdy Fathy Ahmed (E) Mr. Amin Sedeek Amin (S) Mr. Gamal Mohamed Hussein (S) Mr. El Hady Ahmed El Taher (S)

Ibrahimiya Markaz

Mr. Abdou Mohamed Ahmed (E) Mr. Abd Allah Abd El Mgeed (S) Mr. Samir Mohamed Ahmed Farag (S) Mr. Ramadan Abd Allah (S)

Diarb Nigm Markaz

Mr. Adel Salah Sadek (E) Mr. Mohamed Abbas(S) Mr. Mohamed El Sayed El Killany (S) Mr. Mohamed Megahed Abd El Aziz (S)

Awlad Saqr Markaz

Mr. Emad Ahmed Abd El Kader (E) Mr. Bendary Hassan Bendarhy (S) Mr. Hegazy El Sayed Ali (S) Mr. Saeed Abd El Salam Ahmed (S)

Kafr Saqr Markaz

Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf Allah (E) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed (S) Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Desouky (S) Mr. Fahmy Mohamed Khalaf Allah (S)

2.1-12



City/Markaz Name

Menia Al Qamah Markaz

Mr. Mohamed Mohamed Nour (E) Mr. Adel Saleh (S) Mr. Ibrahim Fathy El Sadany (S) Mr. El Sayed Abd El Habet Ghamry (S)

Mashtool El Sooq Markaz

Mr. Saeed Abd El Rahman Hefny (E) Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Ali Hozayen (S) Mr. Abd El Baset Mostafa Mohamed (S) Mr. Soliman Hassan Soliman (S)

Bilbais Markaz

Mr. Bendary Abd El Kader Sharawy (E) Mr. Reda Abd El Hameed Abd Allah (S) Mr. Salah Mohamed Kamel (S) Mr. Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim (S)

Faqus Markaz

Mr. Sebaey Mohamed Rabee (E) Mr. Mostafa Mohamed Sobeeh (S) Mr. El Sayed Abd El Aziz Soliman (S) Mr. Salah El Dien Abbas Farah (S)

Abu Kabier Markaz

Mr. El Saied Abd El Reheem (E) Mr. Abd El Wahab Mohamed Ali (S) Mr. Mahrous Gergis Romees (S) Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed Gebaly (S)

Abu Hamad Markaz

Mr. Mostafa Abd Allah Ghanaiem (E) Mr. El Saied Hamed Hemdaan (S) Mr. Mohamed Mahmoud Radwan (S) Mr. Youssry Abd El Monem Hassan (S)

El Husseinia Markaz

Mr. Salah Abd El Haq (E) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Monem (S) Mr. El Sayed Ibrahim Ali (S) Mr. Mohamed Abd El Aal Mohamed (S)

Note : (E) stands for engineer and (S) for supervisor

Members of UFW teams will receive training for learning leakage survey technology at

Mostrod Training Center in Cairo. This training will be completed before commencement of

pilot project (by the end of April 2007).

UFW teams organized in the pilot project areas and other Markazes will work together in

cooperation with other teams as proposed in Table 4-2.

Tentative arrangement of UFW teams in minimum night flow (leakage) survey for selecting

pilot project sites is proposed as shown in Attachment-2 and tentative arrangement of UFW

teams in pilot project for the selected pilot project site (for Zagazig City-East) is mentioned as

shown in Attachment-3.

2.1-13



Table 4-2 UFW Team Distribution During UFW Reduction Activity

City/Markaz (Pilot Project Area)

Core Team Cooperating Team Auditing Team

Zagazig City Zagazig-East Zagazig-West Bilbais Menia Alqamah

Zagazig Markaz Zagazig-East Zagazig Markaz Mashtool Alsooq Abu Hamad

Hihya Markaz Hihya Ibrahimiya Diarb Nigm

El Huseinia Faqus

Ibrahimiya Markaz Hihya Ibrahimiya Abu Kabier

Diarb Nigm Markaz Hihya Diarb Nigm Kafr Saqr Awlad Saqr

Action 2 Conducting leakage (or MNF) survey for candidate sites

In order to select 6 pilot project sites from Pilot Area-1 (Zagazig City and Zagazig Markaz) and

Pilot Area-2 (Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes), leakage (or minimum night flow :

MNF) survey shall be conducted in the candidate areas as follows:

- 10 areas for Zagazig City (5 from east part and 5 from west part of the city)

- 5 areas for Hihya Markaz

- 5 areas for Ibrahimiya Markaz

- 5 areas for Diarb Nigm Markaz

Average leakage ratio obtained in the MNF survey shall be assumed as the representative

leakage ratio for Zagazig City and each Markaz.

Action 3 Determining pilot project site for each pilot project area

Pick up one (1) candidate area as the pilot project site for the pilot project areas of Zagazig City

(East and West), Zagazig, Hihya, Ibrahimiya and Diarb Nigm Markazes.

The selected candidate area shall have the nearest leakage ratio to the representative leakage

ratio of the city and Markaz.

Action 4 Preparing GIS drawings

GIS drawings (the scale of 1 to 5,000) for pilot areas shall be prepared according to the schedule

shown in Figure 6-1. In preparation of GIS drawings, priority shall be put on the candidate

areas for pilot project sites.

Action 5 Learning experiences of similar UFW reduction project in Jordan

In Jordan, a project for capacity improvement of UFW control by JICA has been implemented

2.1-14



since 2005. The outcomes of Jordan project will be useful for this project. A representative

of JICA expert team and representatives of SHAPWASCO UFW teams will visit the project

sites in Jordan and learn their experience.

Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network

Field survey shall be executed for the selected pilot project sites as follows:

Detecting visible leakage and making record in the map

Confirming location and conditions of valves at site and recording in the map

Confirming location of public taps, fire hydrant and governmental buildings, if any

Action 7 Surveying installation conditions of water meters

Conditions of the existing water meters shall be checked at site to clarify non-working meters

and the customers without water meters. In case non-working meters or the connection

without water meters are found, new water meters shall be replaced or installed.

Action 8 Measuring metering error of water meter and wastage in the house

Metering error (or meter insensitive water volume) shall be estimated by the method shown in

Figure 4-1 below. Work for measuring metering error will be conducted in parallel with the

activities in item (6) to (11) mentioned in Table 2-1. In order to measure the metering error

more accurately, wastage of water in the house (leakage at taps, toilet equipment, etc.) will also

be measured.

Procedures for measuring metering error and wastage in the house are as follows:

[1st Step : Measuring metering error] 1. Select 20 to 30 working meters randomly in the pilot project site. 2. Close all the taps in the house. 3. Set the hands of the water meter at zero point. 4. Open one tap and close all other taps in the house. Measurement shall be done by the

following three cases for the degree of tap opening: Case 1 : Full opening Case-2 : Half opening Case-3 : Quarter opening

5. Keep running water into the measuring tank for one minute and close the tap. 6. Reopen the tap for one minute and close. 7. Repeat items 5 and 6 until water level shows 20L or other readings (10L and 15L which

will be determined taking into account the work progress at site and situation of the house).

8. Close the tap and read the meter. 9. Record the time of the measurement (from item 3 to 5) 10. Repeat the procedure from item 3 to 6 for all cases.

2.1-15



[2nd Step : Measuring wastage of water in the house] 1. Close all the taps in the house. 2. Set the hands of the water meter at zero point again. 3. Wait until the time recorded in item 7 above has elapsed. 4. Read the meter.

M

Closed ClosedOpen

HoseMeasuring Tank

(20L)

Water Meter

Water Taps in House

Figure 4-1 Method of Measuring Metering Error

Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey

(1) Method of Minimum Night Flow Measurement

When the network is formed in the tree shape and it has only one distribution pipeline supplying

to the area, one (1) flow meter will be installed as shown in Figure 4-2.

Figure 4-2 Flow Meter Installation for Tree Shape Network

When the network is located in the highly-populated area, one flow meter will be installed after

isolating the area by closing all the valves as shown in Figure 4-3.

2.1-16



Figure 4-3 Flow Meter Installation for Network in Highly-Populated District

(2) Type of Flow Meter

The minimum night flow shall be measured by ultrasonic flow meter (refer to Figure 4-4). The

ultrasonic flow meter can measure flow in pipes by catching variation in the velocity of

ultrasonic waves, as they exactly depend on the rate of flow in the pipeline. It can be installed

on/around water pipe without interrupting water supply.

Figure 4-4 Ultrasonic Flow Meter

(3) Measurement of water pressure

This device is used for recording water pressure for 24 hours (refer to Figure 4-5). It will be

installed at the inlet point of the pilot project site and highest point of the site (at taps or

hydrants) to measure average water pressure in the site.

Figure 4-5 Water Pressure Recorder

Valve closed

Valve closed Valve closed Valve closed

Valve closed

Flow Meter

2.1-17



Action 10 Making Water balance analysis (before repair works)

Water balance analysis is essential in preliminary work for UFW reduction activity. Following

data shall be collected for the analysis.

Water production volume

Water distribution volume

Authorized water consumption

- Billed authorized consumption

- Unbilled authorized consumption

Water losses

- Apparent losses (consumption by illegal connection, metering error, etc.)

- Real losses (leakage in the water supply system)

The example of the water balance analysis is shown in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Water Balance Analysis Sheet (Example) No. Item Description Volume (m3/year)

1 Raw Water Intake [1.1] + [1.2] + [1.3] + [1.4] 1,9001.1 - Water Treatment Plant 1,0001.2 - Production Wells 7001.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 1001.4 - Compact Unit 100

2 Treatment Losses Backwash, Evaporation, etc. 702.1 - Water Treatment Plant 302.2 - Production Wells 202.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 102.4 - Compact Unit 10

3 Water Produced in Markaz [1 - 2] Raw Water Intake－Treatment Losses 1,8303.1 - Water Treatment Plant 9703.2 - Production Wells 6803.3 - Fe/Mn Remoral Facility 903.4 - Compact Unit 90

4 Water Exported to or Imported from Other Markaz(es) -104.1 - Water Exported to Other Markaz(es) 304.2 - Water Imported to Other Markaz(es) 20

5 Effective Water Distribution inside the Markaz [3] + [4] 1,8206 Authorized Consumption [6.1] + [6.2] 1,1206.1 Billed Authorized Consumption 1,1006.1.1 - Billed Metered Consumption Including uncollected consumption 1,0006.1.2 - Billed Unmetered Consumption Estimated consumption 1006.2 Unbilled Authorized Consumption 206.2.1 - Unbilled Metereded Consumption Water for fire hydrant 0 Revenue Water 6.2.2 - Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Water used for flushing of pipes, etc. 20 [6.1]7 Water Losses [7.1] + [7.2] (or [5] - [6]) 700 1,1007.1 Apparent Losses 90 60.4%7.1.1 - Unauthorized Consumption Illegal connection, etc. 30 Unaccounted-for Water

7.1.2 - Metering Inaccuracies Metering errors 60 (UFW)7.2 Real Losses 610 [6.2] +[ 7]7.2.1 - Leakage on Transmission and or Distribution Mains 500 (or [5]-[6.1])7.2.2 - Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks 10 7207.2.3 - Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer Metering 100 39.6%Note : When the required data above is not available, "N/A" shall be mentioned in the columns.

Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey

Leakage detection survey shall be conducted by means of the following methods:

(1) Detection of leaking sound by Acoustic Rod or Digital Sound Detector

When leakage occurs, leaking sound spreads through the pipe. At the point where valves are

available, acoustic rod or digital sound detector will be useful for detecting the sound. The

method of leaking sound detection is shown on Figure 4-6.

2.1-18



Figure 4-6 Detecting by Acoustic Rod or Digital Sound Detector

(2) Detection of leaking points by Leak Detector

The location of the leaking points will be identified by Leak Detector. The detection work by

Leak Detector is shown in the picture.

Detection Work by Leak Detector

The mechanism of detecting leaking point is explained in Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-7 Mechanism of Detecting Leaking Point

The typical leak detector is as shown in Figure 4-8.

Acoustic Rod Digital Sound Detector

2.1-19



Figure 4-8 Typical Leak Detector

(3) Detection by Leak Sound Correlator

Leak Sound Correlator will be applied to confirm the leaking point when leak sound is detected

in two points. This equipment identifies the location of leaks by intercepting leak noise that is

caught by a sensor at two valves or hydrants (refer to Figure 4-9). It measures the difference in

transmission time between two points, and processes the data by computer. Thus, it exactly

shows the leaking point.

Figure 4-9 Leak Sound Correlator

Figure 4-10 Method of Detecting Leakage by Leak Sound Correlator

2.1-20



(4) Confirmation of Leak Point by Acoustic Rod

After detecting leak point, some holes are drilled at the detected leak points and acoustic rod

will be inserted in the hole to confirm the exact location of the leak point (refer to Figure 4-11). Small sound

Leak point

Figure 4-11 Method of Confirming Exact Location of Leak Point

(5) Pipe Locating Devices

When the buried pipes are not identified, following devices will be applied.

Pipe & Cable Locator

This device is used for locating pipes and cables under the ground.

Figure 4-12 Pipe & Cable Locator

Metal Locator

A sensor of this device detects the location of hidden iron-made structures such as valve

boxes and stop valves. As iron creates a magnetic field, the suitable sensors can detect

it.

Figure 4-13 Metal Locator

2.1-21



Action 12 Repairing leaking parts

After leak detection work, items to be repaired for stopping leakage shall be listed with priority

and the cost estimation shall be done. The repairing work will be executed for the leakage

parts according to the priority within the budget of SHAPWASCO.

Action 13 Conducting leakage survey (after repair works)

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the repairing work (or reduction percentage of leakage

ratio), MNF survey shall be carried out after the repairing work of the leaking parts. Before

conducting MNF survey, meter readings for one week shall be conducted.

Action 14 Making water balance analysis after repair works and evaluation

Water balance analysis shall be conducted using data obtained after the repairing works of the

leak points and evaluation the effects of the reduction works.

2.1-22



Chapter 5. Other Activities related to UFW Reduction Activity

5.1 Holding UFW workshops and Seminars for presenting the outcomes of activity

JICA expert team and C/P UFW teams together with C/P SOP teams will hold workshops and

seminars to present the outcomes of UFW reduction activity. The workshops and seminars

will be held in the following schedule:

[Open Workshop]

1st Workshop : October 2007 in Phase-2

2nd Workshop : February 2008 in Phase-2

3rd Workshop : October 2008 in Phase-3

4th Workshop : February 2009 in Phase-3

[Internal Workshop]

1st Workshop : May 2007 in Phase-2

2nd Workshop : May 2008 in Phase-3

[Open Seminar]

1st Seminar : June 2007 in Phase-2

2nd Seminar : May 2009 in Phase-4

5.2 Conducting water conservation campaign

In parallel with the pilot project for UFW reduction, water conservation campaign shall be

conducted. Action program for water conservation including leaflet and other tools will be

proposed.

5.3 Water balance analysis in Zagazig City and selected Markaz

Water balance analysis is the most important work in UFW reduction activity. Therefore, in

the water utility management, it is essential to conduct water balance analysis periodically on a

monthly basis or quarterly basis.

In order to obtain data for the water balance of the whole SHAPWASCO, it is necessary to

conduct water balance analysis in all the SHAPWASCO branches (Zagazig City and 13

Markazes).

Water distributed in each Markaz is explained in Figure 5.1.

In the Project, water balance analysis will be done for Zagazig City and selected Markazes

which will be determined with C/P.

2.1-23



Markaz-A

Markaz-BQimQex

Water distributed inMarkaz-A

(Qdist)

Qdist in Markaz-A = Qprod ＋Qim － Qex

Qprod = Water produced in Markaz-A

Markaz-C

Figure 5-1 Water Distributed in Each Markaz

5.4 Measuring water flow of inter-Markaz transmission and distribution mains

At present, there is no data for the water flow transferred between or among Markazes.

Therefore, it is not possible to make water balance analysis in each branch. During the project

period, water flow imported from or exported to other Markazes will be measured by portable

flow meter in Zagazig City and four Markazes (Zagazig Markaz, Hihya Markaz, Ibrahimiya

Markaz and Diarb Nigm Markaz) where the pilot project is done.

5.5 Formulating and executing long-term pipe replacement plan for preventive works

In this Project, focus shall be put on preliminary works and on-site work, that is:

[Preliminary works]

Organizing UFW team

Preparing network drawings

Conducting water balance analysis

Analyzing causes of leakage

Studying age of pipes

[On-site work]

Doing quick repairs for visible (or on-the-ground) leakage

Detecting leakage and conducting repair works

Besides the above works, in order to reduce the leakage ratio steadily year by year, the

preventive works will be indispensable. Therefore, pipe replacement plan for the long term

will be formulated in the Project.

2.1-24

22

______________________________________________________________________________

Ch

apte

r6.

Imp

lem

enta

tion

Sch

edu

le o

f U

FW

Red

ucti

on A

ctiv

ity

Pro

pose

d im

plem

enta

tion

sch

edul

e of

the

UF

W r

educ

tion

act

ivit

y is

des

crib

ed a

s fo

llow

s:

1112

12

34

56

78

910

1112

12

34

56

78

910

1112

12

34

56

78

910

1G

ener

al

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

1-5 2

Act

ions

Act

ion

1

Act

ion

2

Act

ion

3

Act

ion

4

Act

ion

5

Act

ion

6 &

7

Act

ion

8

Act

ion

9 &

10

Act

ion

11

Act

ion

12

Act

ion

13

Act

ion

14

FY

2006

Mak

ing

fiel

d su

rvey

of

dist

ribu

tion

net

wor

k (A

ctio

n 6)

/ S

urve

ying

inst

alla

tion

cond

itio

nsof

wat

er m

eter

s an

d co

nduc

ting

met

er r

eadi

ngs

(Act

ion

7)

Con

duct

ing

leak

age

(MN

F)

surv

ey f

or c

andi

date

are

as

Pre

pari

ng G

IS d

raw

ings

Hol

ding

Wor

ksho

ps a

nd S

emin

ars

Con

duct

ing

wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion

cam

paig

n

Det

erm

inin

g pi

lot p

roje

ct s

ite

for

each

pil

ot p

roje

ct a

rea

2008

Pha

se-3

FY

2007

Phas

e-2

Con

duct

ing

leak

age

dete

ctio

n su

rvey

FY

2009

FY

2008

Con

duct

ing

trai

ning

of

C/P

sta

ff a

t Mos

toro

d T

rain

g C

ente

r

Lea

rnin

g ex

peri

ence

s of

Jor

dan

UF

W r

educ

tion

pro

ject

Mea

suri

ng m

eter

ing

erro

r fo

r w

orki

ng m

eter

s an

d w

asta

ge in

the

hous

e

For

mul

atin

g an

d ex

ecut

ing

long

-ter

m p

ipe

repl

acem

ent p

lan

for

prev

entiv

e w

orks

Org

aniz

ing

UFW

team

s at

HQ

, Z

agaz

ig C

ity

and

all t

he m

arka

zes

Sel

ecti

ng c

andi

date

are

as f

or p

ilot

pro

ject

sit

es

Con

duct

ing

leak

age

(MN

F)

surv

ey (

Act

ion

9) /

Mak

ing

wat

er b

alan

ce a

naly

sis

befo

rere

pair

wor

ks (

Act

ion

10)

Item

Rep

airi

ng le

akin

g pa

rts

Con

duct

ing

leak

age

surv

ey (

incl

udin

g m

eter

rea

ding

s) a

fter

rep

air

wor

ks

Mak

ing

wat

er b

alan

ce a

naly

sis

afte

r re

pair

wor

ks a

nd it

s ev

alua

tion

2006

2007

Phas

e-1

2009

Phas

e-4

P1P2

P3P4

P5P6

P1、

P3

& P

5：P

ilot

Pro

ject

Are

a-1

P2、

P4

& P

6：P

ilot

Pro

ject

Are

a-2

P1P2

P3P4

P5P6

Oth

er P

ilot

Are

as(C

/P w

ill c

ont

inue

by

his

own e

ffort

)

◆▽

◆

▽ I

nter

nal W

orks

hop

▼ O

pen

Wor

ksho

p◆

Ope

n Se

min

ar

▼▼

▽▽

▼▼

Fig

ure

6-1

Im

ple

men

tati

on S

ched

ule

for

UF

W R

edu

ctio

n A

ctiv

ity

The Project for Improvement of Management Capacity of Operation and Maintenance for SHAPWASCO


Project Team / SHAPWASCO

2.1-25

Are

a-3

Are

a-5

Loc

atio

n of

Num

inat

ed C

andi

date

Are

as

⑥

Are

a-2

Are

a-4

Are

a-1

Leg

end:

: Loc

atio

n of

Nom

inat

ed C

andi

date

Are

as

Are

a-1

Ibra

him

iya

Cit

y

Are

a-2

El H

alaw

at

Are

a-3

El S

eds

Are

a-4

Kaf

r A

bo E

l Dee

b

Are

a-5

El H

ebsh

Nam

inat

ed C

andi

date

Are

as

Ibra

him

ya M

arka

z

Att

achm

ent

1-1

2.1-26

2.1-27

Location of Numinated Candidate Areas

Diarb Nigm Markaz⑦

Area-5

Area-4

Area-2

Area-1

Area-3

Area-1Diarb Nigm City

(El Kosalah El Bahryiah)

Area-2 Bahnya

Area-3 Gemezat Bani Amr

Area-4 Sahbarah

Area-5 Taha El Marg

Naminated Candidate Areas

Attachment 1-2

2.1-28


Hihya Markaz⑧

Area-5

Area-3

Area-2

Area-1

Area-4

Attachment 1-3

Area-1 Southern Western of Hihya City

Area-2 Southern Eastern of Hihya City

Area-3 El Shbraween

Area-4 El Mosalami

Area-5 El Mahdiah


2.1-29

Attachment 1-4


Zagazig Markaz⑩

Area-5

Area-4

Area-2Area-1

Area-3

Area-1 Kafr El Hamam

Area-2 Bana Yous

Area-3 El Messalania

Area-4 Sharwida

Area-5 Tahlet Bordain


2.1-30


Zagazig City East & West⑭

West Area

East Area

Area-1Area-2

Area-3

Area-4

Area-5

Area-1

Area-2 Area-3

Area-4

Area-1 El Zend

Area-2 El Husienia

Area-3 Manshiat El Husienia

Area-4 El Henawy

Area-5 Hai Mub arak

Naminated Candidate Areas (East)

Attachment 1-5

Area-5

Area-1 Hai Elsalam

Area-2 Abu Areiba

Area-3 El Zagizig El bahari

Area-4 Hassan Saleh

Area-5 Manshiet El Sadat

Naminated Candidate Areas (West)

Attachment - 2

May 2007 June 2007 July 2007 August 20071 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T

City/Markaz Candidate Area

Zagazig City-East Area-1[Zagazig Team] Area-2

Area-3Area-4Area-5

Zagazig City-West Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5

Zagazig Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5

Hihya Markaz Area-1[Hihya Team] Area-2

Area-3Area-4Area-5

Ibrahimiya Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5

Diarb Nigm Markaz Area-1Area-2Area-3Area-4Area-5

[UFW Team]Zagazig City - East [Zagazig Team] ◎ ◎ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇

Zagazig City - West ◎ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Zagazig Markaz ◎ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Hihya Markaz [Hihya Team] ◎ ◎ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Ibrahimiya Markaz ◎ ◎ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Diarb Nigm Markaz ◎ ◎ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

El Huseinia ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Awlad Saqr ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Kafr Saqr ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Faqus ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Abu Kabier ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Abu Hamad △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Menia Alqamah △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Bilbais △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Mashtool El Sooq △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Note : Zagazig Team ◇ Core team, ○ Supporting team-A, △ Supporting team-B

Hihya Team ◆ Core team, ● Supporting team-A, ▲ Supporting team-B

Arrangement of UFW Teams in Minimum Night Flow (Leakage) Survey for Candidate Areas of Pilot Project Sites (Tentative)

Pro

ject

Are

a-1

Pro

ject

Are

a-2

Activity for Selection of Pilot Project Sites

Japanese Expert for Leakage Detection (Mr. Okazaki)

Month/YearDate

Field Survey Leakage (or Minimum Night Flow : MNF) Survey for candidate areas

Zagazig Team

Hihya Team

Selection of Pilot Project Site

Training of UFW team for leakage survey technology by Japanese Expert

2.1-31

Attachment - 3

YearMonthWeek 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Action Activity

Action 6 Making field survey of distribution network

Action 7Surveying installation conditions of water meters and conducting meter readings

Action 8Measuring metering error for working meters and wastage in the house

Action 9 Conducting leakage (MNF) survey

Action 10Making water balance analysis before repair works

Action 11 Conducting leakage detection survey

Action 12Repairing leaking parts (including meter readings)

Action 13Conducting leakage survey (including meter readings) after repair works

Action 14Making water balance analysis after repair works and its evaluation

◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇ ◇

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

△ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △ △

Note ◇ Core team, ○ Supporting team-A, △ Supporting team-B

BilbaisZagazig City - West

Arrangement of UFW Teams in Pilot Project for Selected Pilot Project Site (Tentative for Zagazig City-East)

[UFW Team]Zagazig City - East

9 10 11 1272007

8

2.1-32

2.2 Result of MNF Survey for Candidate Site (Action U2)

MN

F G

raph

For

Zag

azig

Eas

t A

rea-

1(1

8-19)

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

3.0

0

3.5

0

18 -

19 A

ug 2

007

pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph f

or

Zag

azig

Eas

t A

rea-

2

05

10

15

20

25

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.8

1.6

2.4

3.2

4.0

27 M

ay -

28

May

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

rap

h fo

r Z

agaz

ig E

ast

Aea

-3

051015202530

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

13:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

17 -

18

June

200

7

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssur

e

MN

F G

rap

h F

or Z

agaz

ig E

ast

Are

a-4

0510152025

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

19 -

20

June

200

7

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

w

(

L/S

)M

NF

(L/S

)P

ress

ure

2.2-1

MN

F G

raph

For

Zag

azig

Are

a-5(2

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.6

0

1.2

0

1.8

0

2.4

0

3.0

0

26 -

27 J

une

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

for

Zag

azig

West

Are

a-1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

3.0

0

Pressuer

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

for

Zag

azig

West

Are

a-2

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

15.0

18.0

12:55

13:55

14:55

15:55

16:55

17:55

18:55

19:55

20:55

21:55

22:55

23:55

0:55

1:55

2:55

3:55

4:55

5:55

6:55

7:55

8:55

9:55

10:55

11:55

12:55

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

For

Zag

azig

West

Are

a-3

05

10

15

20

25

13:15

14:15

15:15

16:15

17:15

18:15

19:15

20:15

21:15

22:15

23:15

0:15

1:15

2:15

3:15

4:15

5:15

6:15

7:15

8:15

9:15

10:15

11:15

12:15

13:15

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

22 -

23 M

ay 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-2

MN

F G

raph

For

Zag

azig

West

Are

a-4

05

10

15

20

25

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

1 -

2 S

ep 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

For

Zag

azig

West

Are

a-5

0369

12

15

12:20

13:20

14:20

15:20

16:20

17:20

18:20

19:20

20:20

21:20

22:20

23:20

0:20

1:20

2:20

3:20

4:20

5:20

6:20

7:20

8:20

9:20

10:20

11:20

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

21 -

22 M

ay 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Zag

azig

Mar

kaz

Are

a-1

0

10

20

30

40

50

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3 -

4 J

uly

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Zag

azig

Mar

kaz

Are

a-2

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

31 J

uly

- 1

Aug

2007

Pressuer(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-3

MN

F G

raph F

or

Zag

azig

Mar

kaz

Are

a-3

02468

10

12

14

16

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

13:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2 -

3 A

ug

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Zag

azig

Mar

kaz

Are

a-4

0369

12

15

11:30

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

4 -

5 A

ug 2

007

Pressuer(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Zag

azig

Mar

kaz

Are

a-5

05

10

15

20

25

30

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

3.0

0

6 -

7 J

uly

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Hih

iya

Are

a-1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

4 -

5 J

une

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-4

MN

F G

raph F

or

Hih

iya

Are

a－2

05

10

15

20

25

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

5 -

6 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Hih

iya

Are

a-3

05

10

15

20

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

2 -

3 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Hih

iya

Are

a-4

01234567

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

5 -

6 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Hih

iya

Are

a-5

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

3.0

0

3.5

0

4.0

0

4.5

0

29 -

30 M

ay 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-5

MN

F G

raph

For

Ibra

him

iya

Are

a-1

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

18 -

19 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

For

Ibra

him

iya

Are

a-2

048

12

16

20

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

13:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

16 -

17 J

une

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Ibra

him

ita

Are

a-3

048

12

16

20

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

23 -

24 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph

For

Ibra

him

iya

Are

a-4

048

12

16

20

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

19 -

20 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-6

MN

F G

raph F

or

Ibra

him

iya

area-

5

02468

10

12

14

16

18

20

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

23 -

24 J

une 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Dia

rb N

igm

Are

a-1

05

10

15

20

25

11:30

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

8 -

9 A

ug 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Dia

rb N

igm

Are

a-2

0

10

20

30

40

50

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

1.0

0

2.0

0

3.0

0

4.0

0

5.0

0

11 -

12 A

ug

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Dia

rb N

igm

Are

a-3

05

10

15

20

25

30

15:30

16:30

17:30

18:30

19:30

20:30

21:30

22:30

23:30

0:30

1:30

2:30

3:30

4:30

5:30

6:30

7:30

8:30

9:30

10:30

11:30

12:30

13:30

14:30

15:30

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

12 -

13 A

ug

2007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-7

MN

F G

raph

For

Dia

rb N

igm

Are

a-4(F

ri)

048

12

16

20

14:10

15:10

16:10

17:10

18:10

19:10

20:10

21:10

22:10

23:10

0:10

1:10

2:10

3:10

4:10

5:10

6:10

7:10

8:10

9:10

10:10

11:10

12:10

13:10

14:10

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

0.5

0

1.0

0

1.5

0

2.0

0

2.5

0

10 -

11 A

ug 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

MN

F G

raph F

or

Dia

rb N

igm

Are

a-5

05

10

15

20

25

12:50

13:50

14:50

15:50

16:50

17:50

18:50

19:50

20:50

21:50

22:50

23:50

0:50

1:50

2:50

3:50

4:50

5:50

6:50

7:50

8:50

9:50

10:50

11:50

12:50

Tim

e

Flow(L/S)

0.0

0

1.0

0

2.0

0

3.0

0

4.0

0

5.0

0

19 -

20 A

ug 2

007

Pressure(Bar)

Flo

wM

NF

Pre

ssure

2.2-8

Documents

2. UFW Reduction Activity - JICAAction Plan for UFW reduction activity, SHAPWASCO nominated UFW teams from the whole SHAPWASCO branches and held workshops on February 24 to 25, 2007