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2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

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Page 1: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

2 Types of Value

o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside

o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From anothero From the outside

Page 2: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Dignity

o Dignity: the worth or value of a thing.

o Dignity comes, most importantly, from nature.

o Dignity is most importantly intrinsic.

Page 3: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Intrinsic or Extrinsic dignity?

o Where does the value come from?

Page 4: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Diamond:o A diamond is “naturally” rare, hard,

useful.o The value is intrinsic

o $100 bill:o Intrinsic value: a piece of papero Extrinsic value: US Gov’t backs it up

as legitimate currency with a value of $100.

Page 5: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Intrinsic dignity can not be taken away.

o It can be abused, but never taken away.

Page 6: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

How we Treat the Thing

    

Nature → Dignity → 

Rights it has;Duties towards it

 

Page 7: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Evil

o Definition of evil: a violation of nature (purpose).

o Evil violates somebody’s or something’s dignity

o Maybe your own

Page 8: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Nat. Law vs. Voluntarism

o Nature: what a thing iso Morality (applied): what is right for the

thing

o So, “what is” determines “what’s right”

Page 9: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o The opposite of Natural Law is Voluntarism.

o Voluntarism: Right and wrong is determined by someone’s will. oE.g., white sweater with reds, ipod in

water don’t work, even if someone says so.

Page 10: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o God agrees with Natural Law in his laws.

o He knows our nature and what is good for us.

o Violence: to act contrary to the nature of a thing.

o Means: something for the sake of another.

o End: something that is for it’s own sake (goal, outcome, result)

Page 11: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Applying Nat Law

Page 12: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Let’s look closely at 4 kinds of things are figure out how to treat them.

o 4 Kingdoms : Rocks, Trees, Cows, and Humans

Page 13: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Rock Nature

o Is it okay for me to just start breaking, cutting, or pulverizing rock for fun?

o What if it’s my rock?

o What if it’s a geode, or a baseball sized diamond?

o Can I destroy the largest, most expensive diamond ever, if it is mine?

Page 14: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Are some rocks of greater worth (dignity) than others?

o What do we look at?

o What a thing is, tells us how to treat it.o The kind of rock it is, tells us how to treat

it.

Page 15: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

What a thing is

o 1. Life o 2. Beautyo 3. Integrity/wholeness – “undividedness”

and “completeness”

Page 16: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Trees

o Is it okay for me to cut down a 30sq. Mile forest? For the purpose of building a new city?

o Is it okay for me to cut down a tree? 20? For the purpose of building a cabin?

Page 17: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Determining how I treat things

o 1. Life o 2. Beautyo 3. Integrity/wholeness – “undividedness”

and “completeness”

o If I chop a tree in half, it won’t live long and integrity is lost.

o But, trees don’t even have feelings, so the life of a tree is not absolute.

Page 18: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o General principle of stewardship: As the only rational creatures, we have power and responsibility for the use of non-rational goods.

o Spiderman principle: “with great power comes great responsibility.”

Page 19: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Moral Questions

o Can I cut 1/3 of the limbs off a tree?o In order to get out of the way of power

lines.o Can I strip bark?o To make maple syrup, rubber, and cork?o These things grow back. What if they

don’t?o B/c. we can strip bark and leave it to live

if we have a good cause.

Page 20: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Cows

o Can I kill a cow?o Kill and eat?o Kill and not eat?o Kill many and not

eat?o You need a good

reason—meat, dairy, leather. Why?

o Because we’re stewards.

Page 21: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o **So…..can I hack steaks from a live cow and just leave it?

o But, we said that we could strip bark and cut off these limbs. Why is this wrong?

o Cow nature: oSenses >> feels painoMovement

Page 22: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Trees don’t—that is the difference!o Great explanation of NL: When you

see a change in nature, you may have a change in the judgment of right and wrong.

o Trees and cows are living creatures, able to be used, and even killed for our benefit, but the addition of senses changes what is morally acceptable in regard to them.

Page 23: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Human Nature (Finally!)o We have equal or better

life, integrity, beauty, motion, & senses (than other life forms).

o But also the human intellect/will makes possible human qualities: community, relationships, virtue/vice, and personality.

o This increases our ability to others, but also our responsibilities (duties).

Page 24: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o By adding this “new dimension” keeps us from “biologism” in NL thinking.

o Biologism states “whatever the biology of something is determines how to treat it.”

o Classic trap = contraception. Some argue that the reproductive organs are the reproductive system, therefore intercourse while blocking the reproductive faculty is immoral.

Page 25: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o Opponents said that by that logic you can’t use earplugs because ears were meant to hear.

o Karol Wojtyla (JPII) saw this coming and re-framed the contraception question in terms of life and love: about taking vs. giving; loving vs. using; selfishness vs. selflessness. He said that openness to life is what safeguards love.

Page 26: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

o As we did with the other “kingdoms”, we look at human nature to tell us how we treat each other.

o Man has an intellect and will.o Review: something in our intellect is

greater/bigger than time, space, and anything in this world.

o So, there is no worldly need that is great enough to justify destroying a human life.

Page 27: 2 Types of Value o 1. Intrinsic value (inside): o From the thing itself o From the inside o 2. Extrinsic value (outside): o From another o From the outside

Conclusions

o Man exists for his own sake (end) and not just for another (means).

o Notice that “what we are supposed to do” isn’t based on the act-er, but on the passive being, the victim (not power, but nature)