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Teleprotection
This document is the exclusive property of Alstom Grid and shall not be transmitted by any means, copied, reproduced or modified without the prior written consent of Alstom Grid Technical Institute. All rights reserved.
GRIDTechnical Institute
PROTECTIONRELAY
SCHEME
CARRIERFREQUENCY
SHIFT
CARRIER
ON/OFFKEYED
VOICE
FREQUENCY POWER LINECARRIER
COMMUNICATIONCHANNEL
PILOT WIRES
PILOT CHANNEL
DIGITAL
PCMPRIMARY
MULTIPLEX
OPTICALTRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTERRADIO
MULTIPLEXDIVISION
FREQUENCY
RADIO
OPTICAL FIBRE- GENERAL PURPOSE
OPTICAL FIBRE- DEDICATED
OPTICAL
PROTECTIONSIGNALLINGEQUIPMENT
TRANSMISSION MEDIACOMMUNICATION
EQUIPMENT
POWER LINE CARRIER
Teleprotection Media
Pilot Wire Schemes
Pilot Wire Signalling
DC or 50/60Hz directly applied to the pilot Examples
Translay S – differential protection GCM05 – intertripping
Intertripping in 70ms
Send
Example Pilot Wire Scheme (GCM05)
Rec.
Filter Field pilot wires
15kV Isolation
To Trip Receive relayStation Battery +Ve
Separate 15kv
Isolated Dry Cell Battery
Bank
15kV Isolation
Station Battery +Ve
Protn.
Station Battery -Ve
Block Diagram
DC/DC Converter
Pilot Voltage Generation / Detection Circuitry
I/Trip Receive
I/Trip Faulty Alarm
Isolation Trf.
Level Detectors2 x Opto-
Couplers
50-150V
20-50V
0V
Vx
Earth
I\Trip Send
Pilot
Master/SlaveSend Volt Adj.
Filter
Analogue Schemes
Analogue Telephony Tone based intertripping – SS25 FSK based intertripping – HSDI
4kHz bandwidth Intertripping in 25ms
Analogue Power Line Carrier (PLC)
SCADA signalling – (typ. 300 baud)
Blocking K10
Phase Comparison P10 P547
Analog Intertripping
Functioning in voice frequency mode on Power line carrier or in pilot wire
DIP5000
Pilot wire
MICOM T390
Line trap
Line Matching(Phase to ground)
Over Head LineLT LT
Coupling capacitor
Line Trap
LMU5000
Control command SCADA
IP Phone
PABx/ IPBx
Management software for MICOM T390 and DIP
5000
Services:
Analogue IntertrippingTypical Frequency Range
2 commands
Channel bandwidth 300 - 3400 Hz 300 - 2400 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz
Guard frequency band (Rx)
3500/3800 Hz 2400/2650 Hz 2000/2300 Hz 3600/3800 Hz
Guard frequency (Tx) 3600 Hz 2600 Hz 2240 Hz 3680 Hz
Command 1 frequency 900 Hz 400 Hz 480 Hz 480 Hz
Command 2 frequency 2100 Hz 1200 Hz 1120 Hz 1120 Hz
4 commands
Channel bandwidth 300 - 3400 Hz
300 - 2400 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz 300 - 2000 Hz
Guard frequency band (Rx) 3500/3800 Hz
2400/2650 Hz 2000/2300 Hz 3600/3800 Hz
Guard frequency (Tx) 3600 Hz 2600 Hz 2240 Hz 3680 Hz
Command 1 frequency 640 Hz 400 Hz 480 Hz 480 Hz
Command 2 frequency 1280 Hz 800 Hz 800 Hz 800 Hz
Command 3 frequency 1920 Hz 1200 Hz 1120 Hz 1120 Hz
Command 4 frequency 2560 Hz 1600 Hz 1440 Hz 1440 Hz
3000Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 3400Hz
2000Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 2400Hz
2*1600Hz Bandwidth from 300Hz to 2000Hz
Analog IntertrippingTypical End-End Timing
Digital Schemes
The Introduction of Fibre
Earth wire optical fibre
34Mbit/s
64kbits/s
Telephone
Telecontrol
TeleprotectionDigital currentdifferential protection
Multiplexer
With integral intertripping
Digital Physical Link - OPGW
OPGW
Interfacing to PCM Multiplexers
850nm multimode
optical fibreP593
interfaceunit
ISDNX.21
electrical
MultiplexerG.703
or V.35 electrical
P591/2interface
unit
Interfacing Direct Fibre Opticto Multiplexers
850nm multimode
optical fibre
Multiplexer
Direct connection - no interface!
IEEE C37.94
Multiplexed CommunicationArchitecture
Fiber optic
DIP5000
Multiplexer
DXC5000 DXC5000
Radio link
Analog or Digital
Analog or Digital
Management system DIP 5000
Teleprotection:The Triangle
Speed
D ependabilitySecurity
Blo cking
D irectIn tertrip
Perm issive
slow er
faster
h ighh igh
low
Choose the optimum channel response for teleprotection
Digital IntertrippingVariation of Timings with Data Rate
The DIP5000 supports the following standards:
– G703.1 @ 64 kbps
– G703.6 @ 2048 kbps
– V11/X24 @ 32 to 256 kbps
The End