dr richard brown lecture series Lecture 2 - Pre-socratic philosophers Ancient philosophy extends from about 600BCE to a bout 500CE After ancient philosophy comes medieval philosophy which extends to about 1500CE and then comes the modern period which begins in the 1500s or 1600s and extends until about 1!00CE"#his is called modern because this is when modern science begins and its called modern because it throws off the ancient thin$ing about the world" then from 1%00 to the present is called the post&modern or contemporary period" we wont deal with medieval very much in this course 'ust because of time restrictions" we will discuss the ancient and the modern" time line & from 600&(00BCE was the beginnings of western philosophy" thales 6(0BC & parmenides 510&)50BCE socrates )6%&*%%BCE student of socrates & plato )(+&*)+BCE student of plato & aristotle *!)&*(( #he pre&,ocratic -hilosophy" ,ocrates is such an important figure in western philosophy that we divide ancient philosophy into classical thin$ers and pre&,ocratic thin$ers" #he pre&,ocratics are exemplified by #hales and his followers in .iletus and other /onian cities" But it also includes /talian philosophersas well as people who were contemporaries of ,ocrates" #he reason we classify them as pre&,ocratic is more to do with the style and uestions dealt with than being before or after ,ocrates" 2ther .ilesians & Anaximander3610&5)64 & its rumoured that h e was a student of # hales and the teacher of -ythagoras" i$e the other pre&socratic philosophershe thought there was a single substance from which everything else was madebut rather than pic$ing one of the elements3li$e #hales who said the substance was water4 he called it the Aperion which roughly translates as the unboundedwhich is li$e a formless substance but could ta$e on the attributes of any physical things and was used in ma$ing the elements li$e waterair and fire and then everything else was made out of that" &Anaximenes 3550&5(!4 & student of Anaximander and he associated the element air with life" e thought that air was the source from which everything else is derived 3not water li$e #hales4 e thought that when air is compacted it becomes waterearth and finally stone" e was the first to tal$ about how it is that you can change one thing into another" e tal$ed about compactification and used the analogy of felt which was 'ust wool which was compressed and it becomes something that has
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