2 Photoshop

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INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editor developed and published by Adobe

Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation, and is the

flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics

professionals." Although originally designed to edit images for paper-based printing, Photoshop

can also be used for a wide range of other professional and amateur purposes.

The current (10th) iteration of the program, Photoshop CS3, was released on 16 April 2007. "CS"

reflects its integration with other Creative Suite products, and the number "3" represents it as the

third version released since Adobe re-branded its products under the CS umbrella. Photoshop CS3

features additions such as the ability to apply non-destructive filters, as well as new selection tools

named Quick Selection and Refine Edge that make selection more streamlined.

On April 30th

2007, Adobe released Photoshop CS3 Extended, which includes all the same features

of Adobe Photoshop CS3 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end

film and video users.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_dominancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_dominancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_software


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OPENING NEW FILE

To start working with Adobe Photoshop, you have to create a new file. File will act as a canvas for

image editing process. When you create the file, size resolution and color mode have to be define.

To open a new file, clickFILE>NEW. Figure below will be shown.

Setting New File Attribute

You have to :

1) Name your artwork.2) Choose file type from preset that suitable for your artwork or you can set artwork dimension

manually.

3) Pick resolution & color mode

If you want to publish your artwork as a printout, make sure to set your file with higher resolution

for a better quality (100 and above are recommended)


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ADOBE PHOTOSHOP INTERFACE

Adobe Photoshop interface consist of :

Toolbox Palettes Menu Bar Options Bar Active Image Area

Below is a description for each component in Adobe Photoshop interface that can be manipulate by

user to design an artwork.

Toolbox

Contains tools for creating and editing images.

Palettes

Help you monitor and modify images. You can customize the palette locations in the

workspace. In Photoshop, you can also show, hide, or add color to items in palette menus.

Menu Bar

Contains menus organized by tasks. For example, the Layers menu contains commands for

working with layers. In Photoshop, you can customize the menu bar by showing, hiding, or

adding color to menu items.

Options Bar

Provides options for using a tool.

Active Image Area

Displays the active open file. The window containing an open file is also called the

document window.


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Toolbox Menu Bar Option Bar Palette

Active Image Area

Adobe Photoshop Interface


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TOOLBOX

Along the left side of Photoshop interface, there is toolbox which contains all tools that can be use

along designing process, as well as several other functions. The tool is separated into few

categories such as Selection Tools, Alteration Tools & Drawing Tools.

Toolbox Overview


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Revealing the Hidden Tool

A. Toolbox

B. Active tool

C. Hidden toolsD. Tool name

E. Tool shortcut

F. Hidden tool triangle

There are several tools hidden in a same category. To reveal the tools, right click and select the

right tool like figure above.


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Below is a tool in Adobe Photoshop Toolbox:

Marquee Tool

With the Marquee Tool you can create simple geometric selections in your images.

The Marquee Tools consist of four different tools:

The rectangular marquee tool will allow you to make selections in the shape of asquare or rectangle.

The elliptical marquee tool will allow you to make round or oval shaped selections inyour image.

The single row marquee tool is used to make a single pixel selection that is the widthof your image.

The single column marquee tool is used to make a single pixel selection that is theheight of your image.

Move Tool


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The Move Tool allows you to move the contents of a selection or the contents of the entire layer in

the image.

Lasso Tools

The lasso tools are the Adobe Photoshop freehand selection tools. They allow you to draw both

straight-edged and freehand segments of a selection border.

The Lasso Tools consist of three different tools:

Lasso Tool Polygonal Lasso Tool Magnetic Lasso Tool

Magic Wand

The Magic Wand Tool lets you make a selection based

on the consistency of colors in an area of the image. For

example, you could use this tool to select the blue sky ofan outdoor image without having to trace the outline of the

sky.


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Crop Tool

The Crop Tool draws a rectangle around a portion of your image. After the box is drawn you can

execute the command and the area outside of the box will be discarded.

Slice Tool

The Slice Tool allows you to carve up a large image into smaller pieces to be used on the web.Each slice can be given it's own URL, rollover effect and alt image information. Photoshop, in


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conjunction with Image Ready, will generate all of the code you need to make the sliced images

and links look and work correctly on your web page.

Patch Tool

The Patch Tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern. Like the

healing brush tool, the patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to

the source pixels. You can also use the patch tool to clone isolated areas of an image.

Healing Brush Tool

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The Healing Brush Tool is a brush used to remove imperfections from images. It is similar to the

Clone Stamp tool in that you must sample and area of the image before you apply the brush to the

blemished area.

Press the Alt key and click on the part of the image that you want to sample. Then paint the

sampled area over the blemish. This differs from the Clone Stamp tool in that when you apply thebrush to the blemish, Photoshop will match the sampled colors with the area around the blemish.

This produces an effect that makes it virtually impossible to see where the brush was applied.

Red Eye Tool

The Red Eye Tool removes the red eye reflection in the image that caused by a flash.


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Brush Tool

The Brush Tool allows you paint with the current foreground color. By default, the brush tool

creates soft strokes of color. You can change the size and shape of the brush in the options palette.

Pencil Tool

The Pencil Tool allows you to draw a line in the pixel size that you specify. The tool has a crisper

edge than the paint brush. It will allow you to draw one pixel straight lines without the anti-aliasing

that the paint brush uses.


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Clone Stamp Tool

The Clone Stamp Tool takes a sample of an image, which you can then apply over another image

or part of the same image. Each stroke of the tool paints on more of the sample. Press the Alt keyon the keyboard and click on the area of the image that you want to sample. Then begin drawing

the cloned image into the image that you want.

Pattern Stamp Tool

The Pattern Stamp Tool lets you paint with a pattern. Youcan select a pattern from the pattern libraries or create your

own patterns. You select the tool and then choose your

pattern from the pattern stamp toolbar.


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History Brush Tool

The History Brush Tool lets you paint a copy of one

state or snapshot of an image into the current image

window. This tool makes a copy, or sample, of the image

and then paints with it.

Art History Brush Tool

The Art History Brush Tool lets you paint with stylized

strokes, using the source data from a specified history

state or snapshot. By experimenting with different paint

style, size, and tolerance options, you can simulate the

texture of painting with different colors and artistic styles.


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Eraser Tool

The Eraser Tool changes pixels in the image as you drag through them. If you're working in the

background or in a layer with transparency locked, the pixels change to the background color;

otherwise, the pixels are erased to transparency. You can also use the eraser to return the affected

area to a state selected in the History palette.

Background Eraser Tool

The Background Eraser tool lets you erase pixels on a layer to

transparency as you drag; this allows you to erase the background

while maintaining the edges of an object in the foreground. By

specifying different sampling and tolerance options, you can

control the range of the transparency and the sharpness of the

boundaries.

Magic Eraser Tool

When you click in a layer with the magic eraser tool, the tool

automatically changes all similar pixels. If you're working in

the background, or in a layer with locked transparency, the

pixels change to the background color; otherwise, the pixels

are erased to transparency.


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Paint Bucket Tool

The Paint Bucket tool fills the layer with the foreground color. If an area is selected, only that area

will be filled with the foreground color.

Gradient Tool

You fill an area with the Gradient Tool by dragging in the image. The starting point (where the

mouse is pressed) and ending point (where the mouse is released) affect the gradient appearance,

depending on the gradient tool used. To fill part of the image, select the desired area. Otherwise,

the gradient fill is applied to the entire active layer.


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Sharpen & Blur Tool

The Blur Tool and the Sharpen Tool were once called the focus tools. The blur tool softens hard

edges or areas in an image to reduce detail. The sharpen tool focuses soft edges to increase clarityor focus.

Smudge Tool


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The smudge tool simulates the actions of dragging a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up

color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

Dodge & Burn Tool

The toning tools consist of the Dodge Tool and the Burn Tool. Used to lighten or darken areas of

the image, the dodge and burn tools are based on a traditional photographer's technique for

regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on

the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

Sponge Tool

The sponge tool subtly changes the color saturation of an area.


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Type Tool

With Type Tool, you can create horizontal or vertical text anywhere in an image.

When you use the horizontal type mask tool or vertical type mask tool , you create a selection in the

shape of the type. Type selections appear on the active layer, and can be moved, copied, filled, or

stroked just like any other selection.

Pen Tool

The Pen Tool lets you create straight lines and smooth flowing

curves with greater precision than is possible with the freeform

pen tool. For most users, the pen tool provides the best control

and greatest accuracy for drawing.

The freeform pen tool lets you draw as if you were drawing with

a pencil on paper. Anchor points are added automatically as you

draw.


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Shape Tool

We can use Shape Tool to draw rectangles, rounded rectangles, and ellipses in an image. In

Photoshop, you can also draw polygons and create custom shape libraries to reuse and share custom

shapes.

Note & Audio Annotation Tool

You can add notes and audio annotations anywhere on a Photoshop image canvas. When you create

a note, a resizable window appears for entering text. When you record an audio annotation, you

must have a microphone plugged into the audio-in port of your computer. You can import both


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kinds of annotations from Photoshop documents saved in PDF or from Acrobat documents saved in

PDF or Form Data Format (FDF).

Eye Dropper

The Eye Dropper Tool samples color to designate a new foreground or background color. You cansample from the active image or from anywhere else on the screen.

Measure Tool


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The Measure Tool calculates the distance between any two points in the work area.

Hand Tool

Original Image

The Hand Tool is used to navigate to another area of an image when all of the pixels won't fit on

the screen. You select the hand tool and click on the image and drag to the location in the image

that you want to be.

Move to leftResult


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Zoom Tool

With the Zoom Tool, the image is taken to a higher or lower magnification. Select the zoom tool

by clicking it's icon or pressing z on your keyboard. When the tool is selected, the cursor becomes a

small magnifier with a plus sign in the center. The plus indicates that clicking on the image will

bring you closer to the image. Hold the Alt/Option key on the keyboard and the plus changes to a

minus to zoom out.

Set Foreground & Background Color

Photoshop uses the foreground color to paint, fill, and stroke selections and the background color to

make gradient fills and fill in the erased areas of an image. The foreground and background colors

are also used by some special effects filters.

You can designate a new foreground or background color using the eyedropper tool, the Color

palette, the Swatches palette, or the Adobe Color Picker. The default foreground color is black, and

the default background color is white. (In an alpha channel, the default foreground is white, and the

background is black.)


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Quick Mask Mode

Quick Mask Mode lets you edit any selection as a mask without using the Channels palette and

while viewing your image. The advantage of editing your selection as a mask is that you can use

almost any Photoshop tool or filter to modify the mask. For example, if you create a rectangularselection with the marquee tool, you can enter Quick Mask mode and use the paintbrush to extend

or contract the selection, or you can use a filter to distort the edges of the selection.

Screen Layout

The Screen Layout buttons let you change the screen display mode, including menu bar, title bar,

and scroll bar options.

Edit In Image Ready

You can easily jump between Photoshop and ImageReady to use features in both applications when

preparing graphics for the Web or other purposes. Jumping between the applications allows you to

use the full feature sets of both applications while maintaining a streamlined workflow. Files and

documents updated in one application can be automatically updated in the other application.


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PALETTES

Palettes help you monitor and modify images. You can choose which palettes are visible. By

default, palettes appear stacked together in groups. You can move palette group, and remove palette

groups, rearrange Palettes can also be docked (see Docking palettes together) to

Navigator

Navigator palette quickly changes the view of your artwork using a thumbnail display. The colored

box in the Navigator (called the proxy view area) corresponds to the currently viewable area in the

window.

Info

Display coordinate & color information for area at

the mouse tip. Can also display size for mouse drag

selection area.


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Histogram

A histogram illustrates how pixels in an image are

distributed by graphing the number of pixels at each color

intensity level. The histogram shows whether the image

contains enough detail in the shadows (shown in the left

part of the histogram), midtones (shown in the middle),

and highlights (shown in the right part) to make a good

correction.

Example :

A . Overexposed Photo

B . Properly exposed photo with full tonality

C . Underexposed photo

Color

Picking color using RGB color mixture for

background & foreground color


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Swatches

Picking color using available color selection. Color

can be added

Style

Content collection of style that can be added into your

canvas. Style can be added

History

Chronicle for every task performed. Just click on

preferred task to undo your work.


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Action

A collection of task that can be assigned / applied to

your art work. Very use full for a different image with

a same step/task

Layers

Multiple workspace that can be arrange in a stack.

Come in handy when we talking about applying effect

in image editing process.

Layers allow you to work on one element of an image

without disturbing the others. Think of layer as sheets

of acetate stacked one on top of the other. Where there

is no image on a layer, you can see through to the

layers below. You can change the composition of an

image by changing the order and attributes of layers. In

addition, special features such as adjustment layers, fill

layers, and layer styles let you create sophisticated

effects.


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Channels

The Channels palette lets you create and manage

channels. The palette lists all channels in the image

composite channel first (for RGB, CMYK, and Lab

images). A thumbnail of the channels contents appears

to the left of the channel name; the thumbnail is

automatically updated as you edit the channel.

Path

The Paths palette lists the name and a thumbnail image

of each saved path, the current work path, and the

current vector mask. Turning thumbnails off can

improve performance. To view a path, you must first

select it in the Paths palette.

Character

The character palette provides options of formatting text

entered using text toolbar. Here we can many attribute for the

text such as size & color. Some formatting options are also

provided in the options bar.


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Paragraph

A paragraph is any range of type with a carriage return at the

end. You use the Paragraph palette to set options that apply

to entire paragraphs, such as the alignment, indention, and

space between lines of type. For point type, each line is a

separate paragraph. For paragraph type, each paragraph can

have multiple lines, depending on the dimensions of the

bounding box.


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FONT MANIPULATION

Text & Font

Warping allows you to distort text to many variety shape.

Warp

Bulge

Shell

Flag


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Character

Set The Leading for the selected text

Set The Tracking For the selected character

Vertically & Horizontally Scale


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Example :

Manipulating Font to Create Outstanding Design


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IMAGE LIGHTING ADJUSMENT

In some cases, the image we want to work with is too dark or too bright. There are a few way to

adjust the lighting for the image. In Adobe Photoshop we can use brightness/contras or curves.

Both function can be access from IMAGE menu.

Adjust Brightness using Brightness/Contras

1. Select layer that contain image to adjust.

2. In a menu bar, select IMAGE>ADJUSTMENT>BRIGHTNESS/CONTRASS. Image on the

right will be shown.

3.Select appropriate value for brightness and contras until you get image with suitable brightness.


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Adjust Brightness using Curves

1.select layer that contain image to adjust

2.To use Carves, just simply click IMAGE>ADJUSMENT>CURVES. Figure below will be

shown.

3.Pick suitable coordinate in the curve until you

get image with suitable brightness.


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Adjust Brightness using Shadow/Lighting

The Shadow/Highlight feature provides some brightness control using the Shadows controls as long

as the Tonal Width value is kept pretty high. Moving the Amount slider right brightens the darkest

portions of the image.


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Hue Saturation

The Hue/Saturation command lets you adjust the hue, saturation, and brightness of a specific color

component in an image or simultaneously adjust all the colors in an image.

Below is how to use Hue Saturation.

When select Hue/Saturation, control box below will appear


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Example :

Hue saturation can also applied to certain part of image.


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IMAGE SIZE & CANVAS SIZE

Image Size

Image size is an overall size for image. Resize the image size will cause changing for the whole

picture.

Designer have to make sure image size is suitable enough to go through editing process. To get a

perfect size for your image, click IMAGE>IMAGE SIZE. Below dialog box will appear.

Enter new Pixel Dimensions & Document Size . For printing purpose, make sure resolution is set

with suitable value. Set higher value for sharper printout (100 and above is recommended). If

Constrain Proportion Checkbox is checked, width and height is adjust automatically when any

changes accrued.


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Canvas Size

Canvas size is a stage area where designer do their work. Resize the canvas will not effect image

size.

1. Canvas2. Image

To adjust canvas save, clickIMAGE>CANVAS SIZE.. Below dialog box will appear.

Enter New Size for canvas and direction for canvas to expend by simply click an arrow on Anchor.

After that click ok.


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Put text into canvas


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SOFTENING EDGES OF A SELECTION

You can smooth the hard edges of a selection by anti-aliasing and by feathering.

To define a feathered edge for a selection tool:

1. Select any of the lasso or marquee tools.2. Enter a Feather value in the options bar. This value defines the width of the

feathered edge and can range from 0 to 250 pixels.

To define a feathered edge for an existing selection:

1. Choose Select > Feather.2. Enter a value for the Feather Radius, and click OK.

Anti-aliasing

Smooths the jagged edges of a selection by softening the color transition between edge pixels and

background pixels. Since only the edge pixels change, no detail is lost. Anti-aliasing is useful when

cutting, copying, and pasting selections to create composite images.

Anti-aliasing is available for the Lasso tool, the Polygonal Lasso tool, the Magnetic Lasso tool,

the Rounded Rectangle Marquee tool (ImageReady), the Elliptical Marquee tool, and the Magic

Wand tool. (Select a tool to display its options bar.) You must specify this option before using these

tools. Once a selection is made, you cannot add anti-aliasing.

To use anti-aliasing:

1. Select the Lasso tool, the Polygonal Lasso tool, the Magnetic Lasso tool, the RoundedRectangle Marquee tool (ImageReady), the Elliptical Marquee tool, or the Magic Wand

tool.

2. Select Anti-aliased in the options bar.


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Feather

Feather is used to blurs edges by building a transition boundary between the selection area and its

surrounding pixels. This blurring can cause some loss of detail at the edge of the selection.

You can define feathering for the marquee tool, the lasso tool, Polygonal Lasso tool, or the

Magnetic Lasso tool as you use the tool, or you can add feathering to an existing selection.

Feathering effects become apparent when you move, cut, copy, of fill the selection.

1. Picking up selection tools and define value for feather at the option bar.

2. Make a selection to preferred area and copy (Ctrl+c)

3.on empty layer, Press Clrt+V to past. Result for copy using feather is shown on the right side and

result for ordinary copy paste process is shown on left side.

Ordinary copy process (right)& Copy using feather technique(left)


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To define a feathered edge for an existing selection:

3. Choose Select > Feather.4. Enter a value for the Feather Radius, and click OK.


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Artwork Using Feather Technique


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TRANSFORMATION

Transformation is used to transform your image in many in many various ways. To make

transformation to your image. Just activate the image layer and then choose EDIT>TRANSFORM

or EDIT> FREE TRANSFORM

Original Image

Scale

Rotate


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Distort

Flip Vertical

Flip Horizontal


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LAYER STYLE

Layer style is very powerful tool when talking about applying various style effect to your object in

a layer. Layer style can be applied to image or text. There are many type of layer style that can be

applied such as drop shadow, different kind of glow effect, bevel & emboss, overlay and stroke.

To apply layer style, select preferred layer and then click layer style icon at the bottom of layer

palette or just double click selected layer. Figure below will be shown.

Click on the preferred style at the left. Setting for that particular style will be shown on the middle

for every style selected. Insert value for every attribute. The result for every value entered can be

previewed on the right side.


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You can create custom styles using one or more of the following effects:

Drop Shadow

Add a shadow that falls behind the contents

on the layer

Inner shadow

Add a shadow that falls just inside the

edges of the layers content giving the

layer a recessed appearance

Outer Glow and Inner Glow

Add glows that emanate from the outside

or inside edges of the layers content

Bevel and Emboss

Add various combinations of highlights and

shadows to a layer.

Satin

Applies shading to the interior of a layer

that reacts to the shape of the layer,

typically creating a satiny finish.


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Color

Fill the layers content with a color,

Gradient

Fill the layers content with gradient.

Pattern Overlay

Fill the layers content with Pattern.

Stroke

Outlines the object on the current layer

using color. A gradient, or a pattern. It is

particularly useful on hard-edged shapes

such as type.


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FILTER

Filters let you change the look of your images, for instance by giving them the appearance of

impressionistic paintings or mosaic tiles, or adding unique lighting or distortions. You can also use

some filters to clean up or retouch your photos. The filters provided by Adobe appear in the Filter

menu. Some filters provided by third-party developers are available as plugins. Once installed,these plugin filters appear at the bottom of the Filter menu.

To use a filter, choose the appropriate submenu command

from the Filter menu.

Brush Stroke Filter

Like the Artistic filters, the Brush Stroke filters give a

painterly or fine-arts look using different brush and ink

stroke effects. Some of the filters add grain, paint, noise,edge detail, or texture. All the Brush Stroke filters can be

applied through the Filter Gallery.


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Artistic Filter

Filters from the Artistic submenu help you achieve

painterly and artistic effects for a fine arts or commercial

project. For example, use the Cutout filter for collages orfor typography. These filters replicate natural or traditional

media effects. All the Artistic filters can be applied

through the Filter Gallery.

Distort Filter

The Distort filters geometrically distort an image, creating

3D or other reshaping effects. Note that these filters can

be very memory intensive. The Diffuse Glow, Glass, and

Ocean Ripple filters can be applied through the Filter

Gallery.

Stylize Filter

The Stylize filters produce a painted or impressionistic

effect on a selection by displacing pixels and by finding

and heightening contrast in an image. After using filters

like Find Edges and Trace Contour that highlight edges,

you can apply the Invert command to outline the edges of a

color image with colored lines or to outline the edges of a grayscale image with white lines.


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Sketch Filter

Filters in the Sketch submenu add texture to images, often

for a 3D effect. The filters also are useful for creating a

fine-arts or hand-drawn look. Many of the Sketch filtersuse the foreground and background color as they redraw

the image. All the Sketch filters can be applied through the

Filter Gallery.

Texture

Use the Texture filters to simulate the appearance of depth

or substance, or to add an organic look.

Noise filters

The Noise filters add or remove noise, or pixels with randomly distributed color levels. This helps

to blend a selection into the surrounding pixels. Noise filters can create unusual textures or remove

problem areas, such as dust and scratches.

Pixelate filters

The filters in the Pixelate submenu sharply define a selection by clumping pixels of similar color

values in cells.


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Render filters

The Render filters create 3D shapes, cloud patterns, refraction patterns, and simulated light

reflections in an image. You can also manipulate objects in 3D space, create 3D objects (cubes,

spheres, and cylinders), and create texture fills from grayscale files to produce 3D-like effects for

lighting.

Sharpen filters

The Sharpen filters focus blurred images by increasing the contrast of adjacent pixels.

Blur Filter

The blur filters soften a selection or an entire image, and are useful for retouching. They smooth

transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas in an

image.


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Original image before any blur process

Average

Finds the average color of an image or selection, and then fills

the image or selection with the color to create a smooth look.

For example, if you select an area of grass, the filter will

change the area into a smooth patch of green.

Blur and More

Eliminate noise where significant color transitions occur in an

image. Blur filters smooth transitions by averaging the pixels

next to the hard edges of defined lines and shaded areas. The

Blur More filter produces an effect three or four times stronger

than that of the Blur filter


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Gaussian Blur

Quickly blurs a selection by an adjustable amount.

Gaussian refers to the bell-shaped curve that is

generated when Photoshop applies a weighted average

to the pixels. The Gaussian blur filter adds low-

frequency detail and can produce a hazy effect.

Motion Blur

Blur in a particular direction (from-360 to +360) and at

a specific intensity (from 1 to 999). The filters effect is

analogous to talking a picture of a moving object with a

fixed exposure time

Radial Blur


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Simulates the blur of a zooming or rotating camera to produce a soft blur. Choose Spin, to blur

along concentric circular lines, and then specify a degree of rotation; or zoom, to blur along radial

lines, as if zooming in or out of the image, and specify an amount from 1 to 100. Blur quality

ranges from Draft ( for the fastest but grainy results) or good and Best for smoother results, which

are indistinguishable from each other except an a large selection. Specify the origin or the blur by

dragging the pattern in the Blur Center box.

Smart Blur

Precisely blurs an image. You can specify a radius, to determine how far the filter searches for

dissimilar pixels to blur; a threshold, to determine how different the pixels values should be before

they are eliminated; and a blur quality. You also can set a mode for the entire selection (Normal) or

for the edges of color transitions (Edge Only and Overlay). Where significant contrast occurs, Edge

Only applies black and white edges, and Overlay Edge applies White.

To blur a certain part of image in a layer

Blur function can also be perform to certain part of image


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1.Select which part of image to make it blur (in this case we choose purple bottle).

2.Perform blur function using FILTER>BLUR

3.Selected blur area will look like image below.


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LAYER BLENDING MODE

A layers blending mode determines how image in

a layer blend with other image in different layer.

You can create a variety of special effects using

blending modes.

Effect Using Layer Blending Mode


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Darken Looks at the color information in

each channel and selects the base or blend

colorwhichever is darkeras the result

color. Pixels lighter than the blend color

are replaced, and pixels darker than the

blend color do not change.

Multiply Looks at the color information in

each channel and multiplies the base color

by the blend color. The result color is

always a darker color. Multiplying any

color with black produces black.

Multiplying any color with white leaves the

color unchanged. When youre painting

with a color other than black or white,

successive strokes with a painting tool

produce progressively darker colors. The effect is similar to drawing on the image with multiple

marking pens.

Color Burn Looks at the color information

in each channel and darkens the base color

to reflect the blend color by increasing the

contrast. Blending with white produces no

change.


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Linear Burn Looks at the color

information in each channel and darkens

the base color to reflect the blend color by

decreasing the brightness. Blending with

white produces no change.

Lighten looksat the color information in

each channel and selects the base or blend

colorwhichever is lighteras the result

color. Pixels darker than the blend color are

replaced, and pixels lighter than the blend

color do not change.

Screen looks at each channels color

information and multiplies the inverse of

the blend and base colors. The result color

is always a lighter color. Screening with

black leaves the color unchanged.

Screening with white produces white. The

effect is similar to projecting multiple

photographic slides on top of each other.


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Color Dodge Looks at the color

information in each channel and brightens


decreasing the contrast. Blending with

black produces no change.

Linear Dodge Looks at the color

information in each channel and brightens


increasing the brightness. Blending with

black produces no change.

Overlay Multiplies or screens the colors,

depending on the base color. Patterns or

colors overlay the existing pixels while

preserving the highlights and shadows of

the base color. The base color is not

replaced but is mixed with the blend color

to reflect the lightness or darkness of the

original color.


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Soft Light Darkens or lightens the colors,

depending on the blend color. The effect is

similar to shining a diffused spotlight on

the image.

If the blend color (light source) is lighter

than 50% gray, the image is lightened as if

it were dodged. If the blend color is darker

than 50% gray, the image is darkened as if

it were burned in. Painting with pure black

or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area but does not result in pure black or white.

Hard Light Multiplies or screens the

colors, depending on the blend color. The

effect is similar to shining a harsh spotlight

on the image.

If the blend color (light source) is lighter

than 50% gray, the image is lightened, as if

it were screened. This is useful for adding

highlights to an image. If the blend color is

darker than 50% gray, the image is

darkened, as if it were multiplied. This is useful for adding shadows to an image. Painting with pure

black or white results in pure black or white.

Vivid Light Burns or dodges the colors by

increasing or decreasing the contrast,

depending on the blend color. If the blend

color (light source) is lighter than 50%

gray, the image is lightened by decreasing

the contrast. If the blend color is darker

than 50% gray, the image is darkened by

increasing the contrast.


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Linear Light Burns or dodges the colors

by decreasing or increasing the brightness,

depending on the blend color. If the blend

color (light source) is lighter than 50%

gray, the image is lightened by increasing

the brightness. If the blend color is darker

than 50% gray, the image is darkened by

decreasing the brightness.

Pin Light Replaces the colors, depending

on the blend color. If the blend color (light

source) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels

darker than the blend color are replaced,

and pixels lighter than the blend color do

not change. If the blend color is darker than

50% gray, pixels lighter than the blend

color are replaced, and pixels darker than

the blend color do not change. This is

useful for adding special effects to an image.

Difference Looks at the color information in each channel and subtracts either the blend color from

the base color or the base color from the blend color, depending on which has the greater brightness

value. Blending with white inverts the base color values; blending with black produces no change.

Exclusion Creates an effect similar to but lower in contrast than the Difference mode. Blending

with white inverts the base color values. Blending with black produces no change.


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Hue Creates a result color with the

luminance and saturation of the base color

and the hue of the blend color.

Saturation Creates a result color with the

luminance and hue of the base color and

the saturation of the blend color. Painting

with this mode in an area with no (0)

saturation (gray) causes no change.

Color Creates a result color with the

luminance of the base color and the hue

and saturation of the blend color. This

preserves the gray levels in the image and

is useful for coloring monochrome images

and for tinting color images.

Luminosity Creates a result color with the

hue and saturation of the base color and

the luminance of the blend color. This

mode creates an inverse effect from that of the Color mode.


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REPAIRING CERTAIN AREA USING HEALING BRUSH

Healing brush can be use to repair certain area in a picture. In face editing for example,

healing brush can be used to touch up spots, scratches, wrinkles, and blemishes.

The Healing Brush is designed to work in a similar way to the Clone tool; the user selects the area

(Alt/Option-click) to be sampled before painting and then proceeds to drag the brush tip over the

area to be repaired.

1) Select the Healing Brush tool in the toolbox. You may not been notice but it may behidden by the Color Replacement tool or Patch tool .

In the options bar at the top of the work area,

click the current brush to open the Brush

pop-up palette. Move the Diameter slider to

make the brush tip about the size of the spot,

scratch, or wrinkle.

2) Set the other controls in the options baras follows:

Mode: Normal Source: Sampled Aligned: selected Use All Layers: not

selected

3) Alt-click area of the image that you want to use as a touch up sample. Photoshop uses thistarget area as a model for the area you want to repair. Release the Alt or Option key.

4) Drag across the area you want to touch up. A plus sign appears over the area Photoshop isusing as the touch up sample. When you finish dragging, Photoshop calculates the correct

amount of healing.


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Example :


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Example :

The most effective way to retouch an image is to avoid the need for it in the first place. Here are

some tips to help you minimize your retouching efforts.

Work with clean images. Watch your lighting when you take a photo. Check out your background and other parts of the picture before you shoot. Double-check your composition.


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PrettierBut make sure, all images doesnt lost their originality.


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LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN AREA IN A PHOTO

Lighten or darken an area in a photo using the Dodge or the Burn tool.

1. In the Layers palette, select the layer containing the image you want to change.2. To lighten an area and bring out the highlights, select the Dodge tool in the toolbox. To

darken an area, select the Burn tool in the toolbox.

3. In the options bar at the top of the work area, open the Brush pop-up palette by clicking thearrow next to the current brush. Choose a soft-edged brush preset from the palette. Make

sure the brush diameter is smaller than the area you want to change.

4. Set Range in the options bar to control the focus of the tool: Midtones to change the middlerange of grays (the standard choice), Shadows to change the dark areas, and Highlights to

change the light areas.

5. Set Exposure to around 50%.6. Drag over the area you want to change.To protect other areas of the image from change, you can create a selection marquee around the

area you want to lighten or darken. The Dodge and Burn tools will affect only the area within the

selection marquee. To soften the edge of the selection so the changes you apply blend in more

naturally with the unselected areas, use the Feather command (Select > Feather).


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WORKING WITH BRUSHES PALLETE

Youll find the Brushes palette extremely useful for changing the characteristics of preset brush tips

and for creating your own brush.

The Brushes palette displays a list of brush properties on the left and includes a brush-stroke

preview at the bottom of the palette. The largest pane in the dialog box is the upper-right area that

shows various types of information, such as the size and type of brush tip, or the different controls

offered for any of the twelve different properties you can set. Click the Brush Presets label in the

upper-left. The various preset previews appear in the right panel.

Brushes Palette


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Choosing a brush-tip shape

When you have Brush Tip Shape selected in the left column of the Brushes palette, a scrolling box

shows the available brush tips, as shown in Figure below You can use the palette popup menu to

choose various views, including text only, small and large thumbnails, small and large lists, and

stroke thumbnail. (To access the popup menu, click the triangle in the upper-right of the palette.)

The twelve brush parameters you can choose to apply and edit are arrayed in the left column. You

can select any of these options to apply them to the currently selected brush. Select an option to edit

its characteristics. Note that you must select the parameter name to access the options. Toggling the

parameter on by checking the check box doesnt work. Here are the characteristics for Brush Tip

Shape:

Choosing Brush Tip Shape

Shape Dynamics:

These controls include the amount of jitter (randomness or variation) produced when you raw a

stroke, amount of fade, the size, the jitter angle, the roundness, and other options. The higher the

value, the greater the amount of variance for each option. Some of these apply only when you are

using a pressure-sensitive digital tablet. Check your digital tablets instruction manual for more

information on how to customize brushes for your tablet. The Flip X and Flip Y jitter option flips

the brush shape across the horizontal axis (X) or the vertical axis (Y). For example, if your brushshape is an L shape and you select Flip X, your brush shape is a backwards L. Check Flip Y and

your brush shape is an upside down L shape. Check both and its an upside down, backwards L

shape.


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Texture:

This control allows you to impart a texture pattern (using the foreground color) to a brush stroke,

either one of Photoshops preset textures or one of your design. Select Invert to reverse the light

and dark pixels in the pattern. Scale sizes the pattern in each stroke. Texture Each Tip renders each

tip as it is stroked, giving a more saturated effect. Depth controls how prominent the patternappears against the brush stroke. Minimum Depth specifies the minimum depth that the paint of

each stroke shows through the pattern. Mode lets you choose one of hotoshops

blending modes, as I describe in Book V, Chapter 3. You can find more about creating and working

with patterns in Book III, Chapter 3.

Dual Brush:

You can use two tips to draw with a single brush. This option lets you select the characteristics of

the second tip by using the same type of attributes such as diameter, spacing, and scatter

applied to the first tip. You can also specify a blending mode between the two tips.

Color Dynamics:

This control uses your foreground and background colors to adjust how the color varies during a

stroke, allowing you to create a multicolored brush. Slight variations give the stroke a more natural,

organic look. You can introduce slight (or major) jitter to the hue, saturation, brightness, and purity

of the colors, as well as some randomness between the foreground and background colors as you

draw a stroke. Without color dynamics, the stroke color remains constant.

Other Dynamics:

These introduce randomness into the opacity and flow factors of a brush, again making the brush

stroke look more natural and less machine-generated. Youll want to experiment with all the

dynamics to see exactly how they can affect your image. Note that the Flow and Opacity settings in

the Brushes palette do not override those settings on the Options bar.

Heres a list of brush-tip characteristics, which you also find on the left side of the Brushes palette:

Noise: Adds random pixels to brush tips, giving them texture and an organic quality. Thisoption is more apparent in feathered brushes.

Wet Edges: The brush tip leaves a stroke that looks more like watercolor, with paintbuilding up along the edges.

Airbrush: Gives the brush tip a soft, airbrushed look. Smoothing: Smoothes out the curves when drawing arcs with the brush. Again, this option

is more noticeable when you use a pressuresensitive drawing tablet.

Protect Texture: Ensures that all brush tips that use a texture use the same texture. Thisallows you to switch back and forth between brush tips while painting and still achieve aconsistent texture.


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Documents

2 Photoshop