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Forum: Reforms in Higher Education
Bogota, 5-6 April 2011
Mihaylo MilovanovitchOECD Directorate for EducationProgramme for Co-operation with Non-MemberEconomies
34 OECD MembersAustralia (1971) Hungary (1996) Poland (1996)
Austria (1961) Iceland (1961) Portugal (1961)
Belgium (1961) Ireland (1961) Slovak Republic (2000)
Canada (1961) Israel (2010) Slovenia (2010)
Chile (2010) Italy (1961) Spain (1961)
Czech Republic (1995) Japan (1964) Sweden (1961)
Denmark (1961) Korea (1996) Switzerland (1961)
Estonia (2010) Luxemburg (1961) Turkey (1961)
Finland (1969) Mexico (1994) United Kingdom (1961)
France (1961) Netherlands (1961) United States of America (1961)
Germany (1961) New Zealand (1973)
Greece (1961) Norway (1961)
Policy Areas
OECD Directorate for Education
Annual public expenditure per student in higher education relative to that in pre-tertiary education,
1995 and 2004
Source: OECD
Change in number of students and total per student expenditures from 1995 to 2004
(Index of change 1995 = 100)
Source: OECD
Projected Tertiary Enrolments in 2025 under Recent Trends (2005=100)
OECD (2008): Higher Education 2030, Vol. 1 Demography
Impact
• Growth of private higher education
• Diversification of sources of funding
Evolution of share of private HE enrollments 1970-2006
Source: OECD (2009)
Diversification of funding
Salmi and Hauptman (2006) in OECD: Higher Education 2030, Vol. 2 Globalisation
Funding and quality
• Link between budget and performance
• Quality assurance systems
Funding and quality
No performance criteria
Performance-based criteria
Negotiated allocations
Competition for funding
Mostly developing countries;Vouchers
EnglandDenmarkNetherlandsSouth AfricaNorwayAustriaChile
Research funding (e.g. innovation funds in Indonesia and Chile);Voucher grant system inCentral Asia
Need-based grants
Typology of quality assuranceapproaches in the OECD area
Elements of success?
• Transparency
• Ownership and autonomy
• Institutional and course level assessment
• Combination of accreditation with
assessment/audit
• Consensus on quality standards
• Follow-up mechanisms
The OECD peer review cycle
