2nd Grading Period • 1. You are half way through World History…good

job! Some of you KNOW what you need to work on in order to improve your grades. PLEASE retake tests- that is the BEST way to improve your grade.

• 2. What are your study skills/habits? Do you actually study for tests? How do you study? Do you make flashcards, highlight, re-read, re-watch Crash Course, read through the textbook, verbally explain material to others, etc??????

• 3. Are you turning in your binder for the notebook checks every unit? Remember they count for both a HW and QUIZ grade!

Unit 5 deals with REVOLUTIONS

As a brief overview:

•There are 4 topics in this unit:– 1. The Scientific Revolution– 2. The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)– 3. The American and French Revolutions– 4. The Industrial Revolution

• Welcome to MODERN HISTORY

Unit 5: The Era of Revolutions Topic 1: The Scientific Revolution

MAKE A LIST:Write down at least 5 things in your life that make your life better, but that you might not be able to create on your own.

Ex: I LOVE my coffee maker, but there is no way I could create it from scratch.

• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

• 4.

• Turning Points in History- The Scientific Revolution

Old Views before the Scientific Revolution

• Aristotle- 300 BC, Greek philosopher theorized Geocentric Theory• Ptolemy - 2nd Century AD, Greek astronomer agreed w/ Aristotle• Geocentric Theory – the earth is center of universe

– Universe made up of 10 spheres, earth in center– All planets/stars move in fixed orbits

Geocentric Theory

Ptolemy’s Universe

Keep in mind….

• The church backed up the Geocentric Theory. – Biblically, Creationism describes the earth

being created, thus it made sense to people that that earth WAS the CENTER of everything because there was a description of God creating it.

– The Roman Catholic Church was the SOURCE of power at this time.

Copernicus- 1500s• Polish astronomer

– Heliocentric Theory – the sun is center of universe– Earth and other planets rotate around sun– Earth rotates on axis

• Church wasn’t worried- JUST a theory, no absolute proof

Kepler

• German astronomer/mathematician– Confirmed Copernicus’ ideas– Proved planets had elliptical (oval) orbits around sun, not circular

Galileo (clip)

• Lived in Florence, Italy

• Built a telescope to observe surface of moon– Inspired by Dutch eyeglass maker – found moon wasn’t flat

• Saw moons orbiting around Jupiter, sunspots, etc.

• PROVED Copernicus’ Heliocentric theories CORRECT

• Greatly published his findings; called before Inquisition (Roman Catholic Church court)

• Forced to recant- lived last years of his life under house arrest and was also blind

Using your textbook, complete the following graphic organizer on significant scientists:

WHO: WHAT:

Newton:Newton:

Copernicus:Copernicus:

Galileo:Galileo:

Descartes:Descartes:

Isaac Newton• English

physics/mathematics professor– Wrote Principia (3 laws of

motion)

• Universal law of gravity• Calculus• Saw world as machine with

laws always operating the same way

• READ laws of motion to the right

Rene Descartes (“ Day-cart”)

• French thinker and mathematician– Emphasis on doubt and reason

• Doubt something- if you can’t prove it….

• “I think, therefore I am”– Famous quote proving he exists

because he is alive to question his existence….

• Father of modern rationalism

• clip

Inductive Reasoning andScientific Method

Medicine

• Galen 2nd Century physician– Relied on animal rather than human dissection

• Vesalius 16th Century physician– Dissected human cadavers for better

understanding of human anatomy

• Harvey– Proved heart center of circulation system– Proved arteries and veins pump same type of

blood

Chemistry

• Van Leeuwenhoek- – improved the 1st microscope

• Boyle’s Law – – volume of gas varies with amount of pressure

put on it– Defined an element

• Lavoisier – – system of naming chemical elements

Sir Francis Bacon

• English thinker

• Scientific method – – systematic procedure for collecting and

analyzing evidence

• Inductive method/empiricism – – small to large, observe, experiment, test

hypothesis

• Using your text and readings, explain in at least 2-3 sentences how the role of the church changed as new discoveries were made and new technologies were utilized (use book if needed).

Give

at least

2 examples.

Astrolabe

Remember from EXPLORATION?

Earn 5 points on the Unit 5 TEST

Over SPRING BREAK, complete a Scientific experiment using the Scientific Method.

-see following slide for details and requirements

- due FIRST DAY back from Spring Break

- extra credit can’t be turned in late (unless absent)

-My favorite experiment was how to fit an unbroken egg into a glass bottle

- some students experimented on the scientific properties on which soda makes the most fizz when a mentos is added, etc.

Extra Credit: An experiment !!!!!!!!• Use the steps of the Scientific Method• Choose an experiment to do at home

– Should be: Controlled, relatively simple, safe, and ethical !!!!!!!!!!!!!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LENGTH: Should be at least 1 page written and 1 page for visual

1. Choose experiment, document your question, and form a hypothesis.

2. Document your experiment and results - Walk us through all the steps

3. Don’t falsify data if experiment doesn’t go how you expected. - What happened? What did you learn to do next time?

4. Create a visual to show the steps of your experiment - Be creative !!!!

- Have a title for your experiment, visuals must be in color, must be NEAT, spelled correctly…..create on computer if your handwriting is illegible.

- This needs to be created by you , based on your experiment.

Scientific Revolution Essay“The Scientific Revolution largely resulted from the work of a

handful of great intellectuals.”

“Changes in European civilization encouraged the development of new ideas that became the basis for the Scientific Revolution.”

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Based on these two quotes, respond to this question in one page …

-In the Scientific Revolution, did the people make the times, or did the times make the people?

-Be sure to include specific examples (scientists, inventions, movements, etc.)

.

Check

• 1. Explain the helio/geocentric theories.

• 2. Explain why Kepler is significant

• 3. Explain why Galileo is significant.

• 4. Why is Newton significant?

• 5. Explain “I think, therefore I am”.

Warm Up

• Read “The Two Views on Society” and answer the question comparing Hobbes and Locke on how their view of human nature differs (p. 576).

Additional Work

• Not assigned Spring 2015

Complete the map on Europe, using p. R40 in the text (label).

Color the map using at least 4-5 colors.

Outline the countries.~~~~~~~~

Independent Practice!

• Complete the handout on the Scientific Revolution using p. 567-573 in the text. – Use the four correlating sub-categories to fill in the

graphic organizer• Dawn of Modern Science• Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics, and Math• Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry• Science and Society

Trial of GalileoTrial of Galileo1. Complete the handout individually.

2. Discuss your argument with your group.3. THE TRIAL!