2. Kasilag vs. Rodriguez 2

8/12/2019 2. Kasilag vs. Rodriguez 2

1/27

[G.R. No. 46623. December 7, 1939.]

MARCIAL KASILAG, petto!er, "#. RA$A%LA R&DRIG'%(, 'R)AN& R&*'%,

S%+%R& MAILISAN -! IGNACI& D%L R&SARI&, re#po!e!t#.L/# M. K-#0- or petto!er.

$ort/!-to e Leo! or re#po!e!t#.

SLLA)'S1. C&N5RAC5S, IN5%RR%5A5I&N M&R5GAG% &$ IMR&+%M%N5S

'&N LAND AC*'IR%D AS &M%S5%AD. 58e c-r!-0 r/0e ! t8e !terpret-to!

o co!tr-ct# # to t8e eect t8-t t8e !te!to! o t8e co!tr-ct! p-rte# #8o/0 -0-:#pre"-0 bec-/#e t8er 00 8-# t8e orce o 0- betee! t8em. Artc0e 12;1 o t8e C"0

Coe co!#ecr-te# t8# r/0e -! pro"e#, /rt8er, t8-t t8e term# o - co!tr-ct -re c0e-r

-! 0e-"e !o o/bt -# to t8e !te!to! o t8e co!tr-ct! p-rte#, t8e 0ter-0 #e!#e o t#

#tp/0-to!# #8-00 be o00oe -! t8e or# -ppe-r to be co!tr-r: to t8e e"e!t!te!to! o t8e co!tr-ct! p-rte#, t8e !te!to! #8-00 pre"-0. 58e co!tr-ct #et o/t !

%>>, !c0/! t8e !tere#t

#tp/0-te -! o!. 58# #tp/0-to! -# "erb-00: moe b: t8e #-me p-rte# -ter t8ee


2/27

c0-/#e# re-r! t8e co!tr-ct o -!tc8re## be! !epe!e!t -! #ep-r-b0e rom t8e

co!tr-ct o mort-e, c-! be e0m!-te, t8ereb: 0e-"! t8e 0-tter ! be! bec-/#e t #

0e-0 -! "-0.3. ID. ID. ID. ID. &SS%SSI&N IN G&&D $AI5. It # - -ct t8-t t8e

petto!er # !ot co!"er#-!t t8 t8e 0-# bec-/#e 8e # !ot - 0-:er. I! -ccept! t8e

mort-e o t8e mpro"eme!t# 8e proceee o! t8e e00Ero/!e be0e t8-t 8e -# !ot"o0-t! t8e pro8bto! re-r! t8e -0e!-to! o t8e 0-!. I! t-B! po##e##o! t8ereo

-! ! co!#e!t! to rece"e t# r/t#, 8e !ot B!o, -# c0e-r0: -# - F/r#t oe#, t8-t t8e

po##e##o! -! e!Fo:me!t o t8e r/t# -re -ttrb/te# o t8e co!tr-ct o -!tc8re## -! t8-tt8e 0-tter, -# - 0e!, -# pro8bte b: #ecto! 116. 58e#e co!#er-to!# --! br! /# to

t8e co!c0/#o! t8-t, -# to t8e petto!er, 8# !or-!ce o t8e pro"#o!# o #ecto! 116 #

e4 o #- co/rt -! 8e0 t8-t t8e co!tr-ct, %>> t8 !tere#t -t 6 per ce!t per -!!/m rom t8e-te o t8e ec#o! -! -b#o0"e t8e p0-!t#Ere#po!e!t# rom t8e cro##Ecomp0-!t

re0-t"e to t8e "-0/e o t8e mpro"eme!t# c0-me b: t8e ee!-!tEpetto!er. 58e

-ppe-0e ec#o! -0#o orere t8e re#tr-r o ee# o )-t--! to c-!ce0 certc-te ott0e No. 32, ! t8e !-me o t8e ece-#e %m0-!- Ambro#o -! to ##/e ! 0e/ t8ereo

-!ot8er certc-te o tt0e ! -"or o t8e p0-!t#Ere#po!e!t# -! t8er brot8er G-"!o

Ror/e@, -# /!"e o!er# ! e?/-0 p-rt#, ree o -00 0e!# -! !c/mbr-!ce# e


3/27

p-te!t No. 16>74 ##/e o! H-!/-r: 11, 1931, t8 certc-te o tt0e No. 32 ##/e b:

t8e re#tr-r o ee# o )-t--! o! H/!e 27, 1931 ! 8er -"or, /!er #ecto! 122 o Act.

No. 496, 8c8 0-! -# #/r"e:e -! e!te ! t8e c--#tre o t8e m/!cp-0t: oLm-:, ro"!ce o )-t--!, -# 0ot No. 2; t8-t t8e petto!er p-: to t8em t8e #/m o

6> be! t8e -ppro>> -# "-0/e o -00 t8e mpro"eme!t# 8c8 8e

!tro/ce /po! t8e 0-!.&! M-: 16, 1932 %m0-!- Ambro#o, ! 0e, -! t8e petto!er e


4/27

JAR5ICL% II. 58-t t8e mpro"eme!t# o! t8e -bo"e e#crbe 0-! co!##t o t8e

o00o!

J$o/r 4 m-!o tree#, r/t be-r! o!e 8/!re te! 11> 800# o b-mboo tree# o!e 1t-m-r! -! #< 6 bo!- tree#.

JAR5ICL% III. 58-t t8e -##e##e "-0/e o t8e 0-! # 94> -! t8e -##e##e "-0/e

o t8e mpro"eme!t# # ;6>, -# e"e!ce b: t-< ec0-r-to! No. 331 o t8em/!cp-0t: o Lm-:, )-t--!.

JAR5ICL% I+. 58-t or -! ! co!#er-to! o t8e #/m o o!e t8o/#-! pe#o#

1,>>> 80pp!e c/rre!c:, p- b: t8e p-rt: o #eco! p-rt to t8e p-rt: o t8e r#tp-rt, recept 8ereo # 8ereb: -cB!o0ee, t8e p-rt: o t8e r#t p-rt 8ereb:

e!c/mber# -! 8:pot8ec-te#, b: -: o mort-e, o!0: t8e mpro"eme!t# e#crbe !

Artc0e# II -! III 8ereo, o 8c8 mpro"eme!t# t8e p-rt: o t8e r#t p-rt # t8e -b#o0/te

o!er.JAR5ICL% +. 58-t t8e co!to! o #- mort-e # #/c8 t8-t t8e p-rt: o t8e r#t p-rt

#8-00 e00 -! tr/0: p-:, or c-/#e to be p- to t8e p-rt: o t8e #eco! p-rt, 8# 8er#,

-##!#, or e


5/27

ILIIN% ISLANDS O

)ALANGA, )A5AAN O ##.

J)eore me t8# -: per#o!-00: -ppe-re %m0-!- Ambro#o t8o/t ce/0- b: re-#o! o

8er #e>>, -ccor! to 8m -! o! M-: 22, 1934 t8et-< ec0-r-to! -# tr-!#erre ! 8# !-me -! o! M-rc8 6, 1936 t8e -##e##e "-0/e o

t8e 0-! -# !E cre-#e rom 1,>2> to 2,1;>.

Ater -! -!-0:## o t8e co!to!# o %


6/27

t8em. Artc0e 12;1 o t8e C"0 Coe co!#ecr-te# t8# r/0e -! pro"e#, t8-t t8e term#

o - co!tr-ct -re c0e-r -! 0e-"e !o o/bt -# to t8e !te!to! o t8e co!tr-ct! p-rte#, t8e

0ter-0 #e!#e o t# #tp/0-to!# #8-00 be o00oe -! t8e or# -ppe-r to be co!tr-r: tot8e e"e!t !te!to! o t8e co!tr-ct! p-rte#, t8e !te!to! #8-00 pre"-0. 58e co!tr-ct

#et o/t ! %>> !c0/! /!p- !tere#t -! !

c0-/#e I t -# #tp/0-te t8-t ! c-#e t8e moto! to be pre#e!te /!er c0-/#e +II #8o/0be #-ppro"e b: t8e Co/rt o $r#t I!#t-!ce o )-t--!, t8e co!tr-ct o #-0e o/0

-/tom-tc-00: become "o -! t8e mort-e o/0 #/b##t ! -00 t# orce.

A!ot8er /!-me!t-0 r/0e ! t8e !terpret-to! o co!tr-ct#, !ot 0e## mport-!t t8-! t8o#e!c-te, # to t8e eect t8-t t8e term#, c0-/#e# -! co!to!# co!tr-r: to 0-, mor-0#

-! p/b0c orer #8o/0 be #ep-r-te rom t8e "-0 -! 0e-0 co!tr-ct 8e! #/c8

#ep-r-to! c-! be m-e bec-/#e t8e: -re !epe!e!t o t8e "-0 co!tr-ct 8c8e


7/27

J8ere -! -reeme!t o/!e o! - 0e-0 co!#er-to! co!t-!# #e"er-0 prom#e#, or -

prom#e to o #e"er-0 t8!#, -! - p-rt o!0: o t8e t8!# to be o!e -re 00e-0, t8e

prom#e# 8c8 c-! be #ep-r-te, or t8e prom#e, #o -r -# t c-! be #ep-r-te, rom t8e00e-0t:, m-: be "-0. 58e r/0e # t8-t - 0-/0 prom#e m-e or - 0-/0 co!#er-to!

# !ot !"-0 mere0: bec-/#e -! /!0-/0 prom#e -# m-e -t t8e #-me tme -! or t8e

#-me co!#er-to!, -! t8# r/0e -pp0e#, -0t8o/8 t8e !"-0t: # /e to "o0-to! o -#t-t/tor: pro"#o!, /!0e## t8e #t-t/te e -00, 39 19 L- e. 937 Ge0pcBe ". D/b/?/e, 1 -00. 17, 17 L-. e.,

2> '. S. ". )r-0:, 1> et. 343, 9 L-. e., 44; )or0-! ". r!0e, 144 $e. 713

e#ter! '!o! 5e0. Co. ". K-!#-# -c. R. Co., 4 $e., 2;4 Nort8er! -c. R. Co. ". '. S.,

1 Ct. C0., 42;.Are##! o/r#e0"e# !o to t8e co!tr-ct e!tere !to b: t8e p-rte#, #et o/t ! %>>, !c0/! t8e !tere#t #tp/0-te

-! o!. 58# #tp/0-to! -# "erb-00: moe b: t8e #-me p-rte# -ter t8e e


8/27

I! t8e #eco! -##!me!t o error t8e petto!er co!te!# t8-t t8e Co/rt o Appe-0# erre

! 8o0! t8-t 8e # /0t: o "o0-t! t8e /b0c L-! Act bec-/#e 8e e!tere !to t8e

co!tr-ct, %


9/27

-ppe-0# t-Be! rom !-0 F/me!t# -! -m!#tr-t"e remee# --!#t t8e ?/-0c-to!

o re#tr-r#, -! t8e po##b0t: o error # remote /!er #/c8 crc/m#t-!ce# b/t,

/!ort/!-te0:, pr"-te oc/me!t# -! e"e! "erb-0 -reeme!t# -r e


10/27

bottom, # t-!t-mo/!t to t8e #tp/0-to! t8-t t8e petto!er #8o/0 -pp0: t8e "-0/e o t8e

r/t# o t8e 0-! to t8e p-:me!t o #tp/0-te !tere#t o! t8e 0o-! o 1,>>> 8c8 #, !

t/r!, -!ot8er o t8e e0eme!t# c8-r-cter@! t8e co!tr-ct o -!tc8re## /!er -rtc0e 1;;1o t8e C"0 Coe. It -# !ot po##b0e or t8e p-rte# to #tp/0-te /rt8er t8-t t8e "-0/e o

t8e r/t# be -0#o -pp0e to t8e p-:me!t o t8e c-pt-0, bec-/#e t8e tr/t8 -# t8-t !ot8!

rem-!e -ter p-:! t8e !tere#t -t 12P per -!!/m. 58# !tere#t, -t t8e r-te per -!!/m, 8ere-# t8e m-rBet "-0/e o t8e r/t# obt-!-b0e rom t8e

0-! 8-r0: re-c8e #- -mo/!t ! "e o t8e -ct t8-t t8e -##e##e "-0/e o #-

mpro"eme!t# -#, -ccor! to t8e ec#o!, ;6>. 5o t8# #8o/0 be -e t8e -ct t8-t,/!er t8e "erb-0 -reeme!t, rom t8e "-0/e o t8e r/t# 8- to be t-Be! - cert-! -mo/!t

to p-: t8e -!!/-0 0-! t-> t8

!tere#t t8ereo! -t 12P per -!!/m, t8e -ore#- mort-e o/0 become !/00 -! "o,ot8er#e t o/0 rem-! ! /00 orce -! eect -! o/0 be #/bFect to orec0o#/re !

t8e m-!!er pro"e b: 0- t8-t t8e mort-or o/0 p-: -00 t8e 0-! t-


11/27

mort-e, #8e o/0 e


12/27

mpro"eme!t# ere mort-e to 8m e"e! #8o/0 t8e mort-or e-/0t ! t8e p-:me!t

o !tere#t. e co/0 o!0: 8-"e t8e mort-e mpro"eme!t# ! c-#e o orec0o#/re

#8o/0 8e b t8ereor -t t8e #-0e. Net8er co/0 t8e mort-or #e00 t8e #-me propert: tot8e mort-ee, e"e! -ter t8e e3 o t8e #-me Coe. M-rc-0 K-#0-, t8ereore, #8o/0 ret/r! to %m0-!-

Ambro#o or to 8er 8er# t8e po##e##o! o t8e 8ome#te- -! t8e mpro"eme!t# t8ereo!

t8 t# r/t#, -! %m0-!- Ambro#o or 8er 8er# #8o/0 p-: 8m t8e #/m o 1,>>>,be! t8e -mo/!t o t8e 0o-!, p0/# !tere#t /e -! /!p-.

A# to t8e mpro"eme!t# !tro/ce /po! t8e 0-! b: t8e petto!er, 8-"! o!e #o t8

t8e B!o0ee -! co!#e!t o t# o!er %m0-!-EAmbro#o, t8e ormer -cte ! oo-t8, -! /!er -rtc0e 361 o t8e C"0 Coe, t8e o!er o t8e 0-! m-: 8-"e t8e #-

mpro"eme!t# /po! p-:! t8e !em!t: pro"e ! -rtc0e# 43 -! 44, or m-:

compe0 t8e #- M-rc-0 K-#0-, 8o !tro/ce t8e #- mpro"eme!t#, to p-: t8e prce

o t8e 0-!. I t8e 8ere! re#po!e!t#, -# 8er# o %m0-!- Ambro#o, o !ot #8 or -re


13/27

/!-b0e to p-: or #- mpro"eme!t#, -! M-rc-0 K-#0- oe# !ot #8 or # /!-b0e to

p-: or t8e 0-!, #- petto!er o/0 0o#e 8# r8t o rete!to! o"er t8e #-me )er!-ro

"#. )-tc0-!, 37 &. G., No. 74, p. 13;2, pro"e t8-t 8e m-: remo"e t8e mpro"eme!t#8c8 8e 8- !tro/ce ! oo -t8.

I! "e o t8e oreo!, I co!c/r ! t8e m-Fort: op!o! e>>, -!, o! M-: 22, 1934,

ec0-re t8e #-me or t->> -! t8-t t8e po##e##o! o t8e 8ome#te- b: t8e

ee!-!t M-rc-0 K-#0- b: "rt/e o p- co!tr-ct or b: "rt/e o -!: ot8er -reeme!t# !/00 -! "o, b/t t8-t t8e m-B! o t8e mpro"eme!t# t8ereo! b: 8m, 8c8 t8e co/rt

!# to be "-0/e -t 3,>>>, b: "rt/e o t8e "erb-0 -reeme!t e!tere !to -ter t8e

e


14/27

8ereE ore, 0et F/me!t be e!tere ec0-r! t8-t t8e p0-!t# -re e!tt0e to t8e

po##e##o! -# o!er# o t8e 8ome#te- #/bFect o t8e pre#e!t #/t, 0ot No. 2; o t8e

Lm-: c--#tr-0 #/r"e:, #/bFect to -! e!c/mbr-!ce o t8e mpro"eme!t# or t8e #/m o1,>>> ! -"or o t8e ee!-!t, orer! t8e ee!-!t to e0"er /!to t8e p0-!t# t8e

po##e##o! o #- 8ome#te-, -! rect! t8e #- p0-!t# ! t/r! to p-: /!to t8e

ee!-!t Fo!t0: -! #e"er-00:, -# 8er# o t8er ece-#e mot8er R--e0- Ror/e@ t8e#/m o 3,>>>, "-0/e o mpro"eme!t# !tro/ce o! #- 8ome#te- b: ee!-!t. Let

t8ere be !o pro!o/!ceme!t -# to co#t#.J &! -ppe-0 b: t8e p0-!t#, t8e 58r D"#o! o

t8e Co/rt o Appe-0# re-c8e - ere!t re#/0t -! moe t8e F/me!t o t8e tr-0co/rt -# o00o#

J8ereore, t8e -ppe-0e F/me!t # 8ereb: moe b: ec0-r! t8-t t8e co!tr-ct,

%>> t8 !tere#t t8ereo! -t t8e r-te o 6 per

ce!t per -!!/m rom -! !c0/! t8e -te t8# ec#o! become# !-0 -! -b#o0"!t8e #- p0-!t# -! -ppe00-!t# rom t8e cro##Ecomp0-!t t8 re#pect to t8e "-0/e o t8e

mpro"eme!t# c0-me b: t8e -ppe00ee.

JIt # /rt8er orere t8-t t8e re#ter o ee# o )-t--! c-!ce0 t8e certc-te o tt0e No.32 ! t8e !-me o t8e ece-#e, %m0-!- Ambro#o, -! ##/e ! 0e/ t8ereo - !e

certc-te o tt0e ! -"or o t8e 8ere! p0-!t# -! -ppe00-!t# -! t8er brot8er, G-"!o

Ror/e@, -# o!er# pro !"#o -! ! e?/-0 #8-re# ree rom -!: 0e! or e!c/mbr-!ce

e>> 0o-!e b: t8e petto!er M-rc-0 K-#0- to

t8e 8ome#te- o!er %m0-!- Ambro#o.

JII. I! 8o0! t8-t t8e petto!er -# /0t: o t8e "o0-to! o t8e p/b0c 0-! 0- or8-"! e!tere !to #- co!tr-ct %


15/27

oo -t8, e!tt0! 8m to be remb/r#e o t8e -ct/-0 "-0/e o mpro"eme!t# 8e

!tro/ce.J

)o0e o! to t8e /!-me!t-0#, t8ere -re o!0: to propo#to!# 8c8 #t-! to bere#o0"e ! t8# -ppe-0 1 8-t # t8e 0e-0 !-t/re o t8e -reeme!t, %


16/27

o - certc-te o tt0e /!er t8e pro"#o!# o L-! Re#tr-to! Act 496, -# -me!e b:

Act 39>1.J A! b: t# Artc0e I t pro"e# J58-t ! t8e e"e!t t8e co!temp0-te moto!

/!er Artc0e +II 8ereo # !ot -ppro"e b: t8e Co/rt, t8e oreo! co!tr-ct o #-0e #8-00-/tom-tc-00: become !/00 -! "o.J %mp8-## # m!e. e 8-"e !ot8! ! t8e recor

to #8o t8-t t8e re?/re moto! -# 0e t8! t8rt: -:# or t8ere-ter, b: %m0-!-

Ambro#o ! 0e, or b: 8er #/cce##or#E!E!tere#t -ter 8er e-t8. I!ee, ome#te-Certc-te o 5t0e No. 32, #o/8t to be #/b#tt/te b: -!ot8er t8ro/8 t8e #- moto!,

#t00 #t-!#. It #, e"e!t, t8ereore, t8-t t8e proFecte #-0e 8-# -! m-: !e"er come !to

be!, bec-/#e /!er Artc0e I o % -# #ec/rt: or t8e p-:me!t o - 0-rer -mo/!t o

1,>>>.J )/t e -re co!cer!e t8 -! -##e##e "-0/-to! 8c8 # !ot -0-:# !or e"e!re?/e!t0: t8e "-0/e t8-t t c-! comm-! ! t8e m-rBet. 5o !ore t8# # to 0"e !

mo!-#tc #ec0/#o!. 58e -ppe-0e ec#o! o/0 mp0: rom t8e -ct t8-t petto!er

#/b#e?/e!t0: p- t8e 0-! t-


17/27

#8o petto!er=# re#pect or -! !te!to! to be o! t8e #e o t8e 0-. 58e "er: me!to!

o t8e or J#-0eJ ! t8e oc/me!t ! ?/e#to! -r/e# --!#t -!: -ttempt -t co!ce-0me!t,

or t8e #- oc/me!t -# !te!e -# - co"er -! c0o-B o -! 00e-0 -0e!-to!, t8e!t8e reere!ce to t8e co!tr-ct o #-0e t8ere! -# 00tme -! oo08-r:.

58e ?/e#to! !e


18/27

e#t-b0#8e. It # c0e-r t8-t e c-!!ot rect0: reFect t8e "erb-0 -reeme!t betee! t8e

p-rte# ! #o -r -# t # -"or-b0e to Ambro#o -! !rect0: reFect t ! #o -r -# t #

-"or-b0e to t8e petto!er. 58e m#co!cepto! procee# rom t8e erro!eo/# 0e-0co!c0/#o! t8-t, /po! t8e -ct#, t8e oo -t8 # -trb/t-b0e to t8e petto!er -0o!e -!

t8-t Ambro#o -# !ot to be b0-me or t8e pro8bte -0e!-to! o t8e 8ome#te-, -# I

#8-00 pre#e!t0: procee to #c/##.I! 8o0! t8-t t8e petto!er -# - po##e##or ! b- -t8, t8e ec#o! #o/8t to be

re"ee r#t 0- o! t8e prem#e t8-t #/c8 po##e##o! # b-!!e b: 0- -t 0e-#t or

"e :e-r# rom t8e ##/-!ce o p-te!t #ecto! 116, /b0c L-! Act, -##/me t8-t t8epetto!er 8- B!o0ee o #/c8 0-, -! t8e! re t8e co!c0/#o! t8-t petto!er -#

--re o t8e 00e-0t: o 8# po##e##o!. e t8!B t8-t t8e -##/mpto! -! co!c0/#o! -re

precpt-te. A# ob#er"e ! t8e oreo! m-Fort: op!o!Ect! M-!re#-EB!o0ee o

- 0e-0 pro"#o! oe# !ot !ece##-r0: me-! B!o0ee o t# tr/e me-!! -! #cope, oro t8e !terpret-to! 8c8 t8e co/rt# m-: p0-ce /po! t. I! t8# p-rtc/0-r c-#e, 8-t

#ecto! 116 o t8e /b0c L-! Act pro8bt# # t8e J!c/mbr-!ce or -0e!-to!J o 0-!

-c?/re t8ere/!er t8! t8e pero pre#crbe t8ere!. e m-: co!cee, -# -##/me

b: t8e -ppe-0e ec#o!, t8-t t8e petto!er -# co!@-!t o #- #ecto! 116, b/t t8# #!ot #-:! t8-t petto!er B!e t8-t 8# po##e##o! c-me /!er t8e p8r-#e J!c/mbr-!ce

or -0e!-to!J pro8bte b: 0-, -! t8-t t8e petto!er, t8ereore, B!e t8-t 8#po##e##o! -# 00e-0. 58e mport o t8e p8r-#e J!c/mbr-!ce or -0e!-to!J # - #/bFect

/po! 8c8 Jme! o re-#o! m-: re-#o!-b0: er,J ! t8e #-me -: t8-t e o/r#e0"e#

8-"e ere ! t8e e0ber-to! o t8# c-#e. It # !ot correct to -##/me t8-t t8e petto!er8- B!o0ee o t8e 00e-0t: o 8# po##e##o!. 58e co!tr-r: -##/mpto!, !-me0:, t8-t

petto!er 8- !o e- o #/c8 00e-0t:, o/0 8-"e bee! more ! -ccor t8 t8e

e>>, -# o/! b: t8e

tr-0 F/e. J'#e/0 e


19/27

8-"! t8er 0-! mpro"e o! co!to! t8-t t8e: p-: t8e "-0/e o #/c8 mpro"eme!t#

/po! reeem! t8e 0-!. e -0#o 8-"e /!co!tr-cte -ct t8-t 4>> o t8e o!e

t8o/#-!Epe#o 0o-! ere "e! to t8e 8ere! re#po!e!t# -! t8e b-0-!ce Bept b: t8ermot8er. 58e: m-: !ot re-p -! ret-! t8e#e be!et# -! -t t8e #-me tme rep/-te -!

o b-cB /po! co!tr-ct/-0 ob0-to!# #o0em!0: e!tere !to.

)/t 0et me r-!t t8-t t8e co!tr-ct, %


20/27

M-!re#-, Coo C"0, #e/!- eco! 5omo III p-. 2>3.Artc0e 364 o o/r C"0

Coe t8e! come# !to p0-:. J8e! t8ere 8-# bee! b- -t8, !ot o!0: o! t8e p-rt o t8e

per#o! 8o b/0t, #ee, or p0-!te o! -!ot8er=# 0-!, b/t -0#o o! t8e p-rt o t8e o!er ot8e 0-tter, t8e r8t# o bot8 #8-00 be t8e #-me -# t8e: 8- -cte ! oo -t8. )- -t8

o! t8e p-rt o t8e o!er # eeme to e3, 13>6 b. 58e co-0 #ecto! # e"e!t0: b-#e

/po! t8e "e!er-b0e m-, 1919. A !-0 proo -# #/bmtte o!No"ember 1>, 1927 8c8 -# -ppro"e o! &ctober 17, 1929. 58e 8ome#te- p-te!t No.

16>74 -! 8ome#te- certc-te o tt0e No. 32 ere ##/e ! -"or o t8e -pp0c-!t o!

H/!e 11, 1931 8c8 ere reE core o! H/!e 26, 1931 ! t8e oce o t8e re#ter o

ee# ! -ccor-!ce t8 t8e pro"#o!# o #ecto! 122 o ,Act 496.J&! or -bo/t M-: 16, 1932, t8e 8ome#te- o!er, %m0-!- Ambro#o oere to #e00 t8e

propert: to t8e ee!-!t -! -ppe00ee, M-rc-0 K-#0-. 58e 0-tter, /po! e

800# o b-mboo tree#, 1 t-m-r!, -! 6 bo!- tree#, t8 t8e -##e##e "-0/e o ;6>, !

co!#er-to! o t8e #/m o 1,>>> -00ee to 8-"e bee! 0o-!e b: t8e #- K-#0- to t8e

#- p-te!tee, %m0-!- Ambro#o. It -# e !c0/! -00 /!p- !tere#t -t t8e r-te o 12 per ce!t per -!!/m !

-"or o t8e -00ee mort-ee. It -# /rt8er #tp/0-te t8ere! t8-t t8e #- %m0-!-#8o/0 p-: -00 t8e t-


21/27

-! t8e ##/-!ce ! 0e/ t8ereo - certc-te o tt0e /!er t8e pro"#o!# o t8e L-!

Re#tr-to! Act 496, -# -me!e b: Act 39>1.

J58e 0ot ! ?/e#to! -# or!-00: ec0-re or 0-! t-< p/rpo#e# ! t8e !-me o t8e8ome#te- o!er %m0-!- Ambro#o, -! -##e##e -t 1,>2> ! 1933 b/t o! M-: 22,

1934, t8e t-< ec0-r-to! -# tr-!#erre ! t8e !-me o t8e -ppe00ee, M-rc-0 K-#0-,

-! o! M-rc8 6, 1936 t8e -##e##e "-0/e -# r-#e to 2,1;>.J%m0-!-, 8oe"er, !e"er p- -!: !tere#t o! t8e -00ee 0o-! o 1,>>> or p- t->>, -! co00ecte t8e pro/ct# t8ereo

or 8# o! e>>, -! 8-t ere mort-e ere o!0: t8e mpro"eme!t#

co!##t! o 4 m-!o tree#, 11> 800# o b-mboo tree#, 1 t-m-r! tree -! 6 bete0!/t

tree#, -##e##e -t ;6>.I be0e"e t8-t t8e co!tr-ct 8c8 t8e p-rte# !te!e to e


22/27

/po! t8e 0-! -! -00 t# mpro"eme!t#, -ter e/ct! t8e "-0/e o t8e mpro"eme!t#

!tro/ce b: 8m /po! t8e 0-!.

M&RAN, H., ##e!t!Accor! to #ecto! 116 o Act No. 2;74, -# -me!e b: #ecto! 23 o Act No. 317,

J0-!# -c?/re /!er t8e ree p-te!t or 8ome#te- pro"#o!# #8-00 !ot be #/bFect to e!E

c/mbr-!ce or -0e!-to! rom t8e -te o t8e -ppro"-0 o t8e -pp0c-to! -! or - term o"e :e-r# rom -! -ter t8e -te o ##/-!ce o t8e p-te!t or r-!t, !or #8-00 t8e: become

0-b0e to t8e #-t#-cto! o -!: ebt co!tr-cte pror to t8e e74 -# ##/e to %m0-!- Ambro#o,!o ece-#e. &! M-: 16, 1932 %m0-!- Ambro#o oere t8e #-0e o t8e #-

8ome#te- to t8e 8ere! petto!er, M-rc-0 K-#0-, -! ! "e o t8e -bo"eE?/ote

0e-0 pro8bto!, t8e p-rte# e, 1919. A !-0 proo -# #/bmtte o!

No"ember 1>, 1927 8c8 -# -ppro"e o! &ctober 17, 1929. 58e 8ome#te- p-te!t No.16>74 -! 8ome#te- certc-te o tt0e No. 32 ere ##/e ! -"or o t8e -pp0c-!t o!

H/!e 11, 1931 8c8 ere recore o! H/!e 26, 1931 ! t8e oce o t8e re#ter o ee#

! -ccor-!ce t8 t8e pro"#o!# o Secto! 122 o Act No. 496.J&! or -bo/t M-: 16, 1932, t8e 8ome#te- o!er %m0-!- Ambro#o oere to #e00 t8e

propert: to t8e ee!-!t -! -ppe00ee, M-rc-0 K-#0-. 58e 0-tter, /po! e


23/27

-00ee mort-e 1,>>> !c0/! -00 /!p- !tere#t -t t8e r-te o 12 per ce!t per

-!!/m ! -"or o t8e -00ee mort-ee. It -# /rt8er #tp/0-te t8ere! t8-t t8e #-

%m0-!- #8o/0 p-: -00 t8e t-.

J%m0-!-, 8oe"er, !e"er p- -!: !tere#t o! t8e -00ee 0o-! o 1,>>> or p- t->>, -! co00ecte t8e pro/ct# t8ereoor 8# o! e


24/27

J58e co!tr-ct o -b#o0/te #-0e -# co!#/mm-te, bec-/#e t8e r-!tor, %m0-!-, rece"e

/00 p-:me!t o t8e p/rc8-#e prce #/#e -# - 0o-! o 1,>>> -! p0-ce t8e r-!tee,

M-rc-0 K-#0-, ! -b#o0/te po##e##o! -! co!tro0 o t8e 0-! co!"e:e to 8m t8 -00t8e mpro"eme!t# t8ereo!. 58e #tp/0-to! /!er -rtc0e +III o t8e co!tr-ct, %


25/27

or 8# e, - oc/me!t, 8oe"er c0e-r t# co!to!# m-: be,

m-: -! #8o/0 be reFecte 8e! t # -00ee -! #8o! b: e"e!ce -0/!e t8-t t oe#

!ot e> +00- "#.

S-!t-o, 3; 80., 167 L-/re-!o "#. K0-:co, 34 80., 14; C/:/-! "#. S-!to#, 3980., 97> Ror/e@ "#. -m!t/-!, 37 80., ;76 #ee -0#o M-!-0o "#. G/eco, 42 80.,

92 G-tm-t-! "#. Nepom/ce!o, 42 80., 29.

58e m-Fort: ec#o! oe# !ot o!0: p-## o"er t8e !!# o -ct m-e b: t8e Co/rt o

Appe-0#, b/t, /rt8er, "e# e8t to cert-! -ct# 8c8 #- co/rt !# !ot to 8-"e bee!e#t-b0#8e. $or !#t-!ce, e 8-"e t8e o00o! p-##-e# rom t8e m-Fort: ec#o!

J&!e :e-r -ter t8e e


26/27

b: t8e r/t# t8ereo o! co!to! t8-t 8e o/0 co!o!e t8e p-:me!t o !tere#t /po! t8e

0o-! -! 8e o/0 -tte! to t8e p-:me!t o t8e 0-! t->> . . .J It, t8ereore, re?/re# comp0-!ce t8 - co!tr-ct

t8-t 8-# ce-#e to e


27/27

-!tc8retc ob0-to! co!tr-cte b: 8er t8! t8e pero o "e :e-r# rom t8e r-!t!

o t8e 8ome#te-. A! t8#, -t 0e-#t, # ! "o0-to! o t8e #prt o #ecto! 116 o t8e

ome#te- Act.I 8-"e ot8er re-#o!# 8c8 I !ee !ot #et o/t to br! t8# ##e!t to - c0o#e. )/t beore I

co!c0/e, I #8o/0 0Be to #t-te t8-t t8e ome#te- Act 8-# bee! e!-cte or t8e e0-re

-! protecto! o t8e poor. 58e 0- "e# - !ee: ct@e! - pece o 0-! 8ere 8e m-:b/0 - moe#t 8o/#e or 8m#e0 -! -m0: -! p0-!t 8-t # !ece##-r: or #/b##te!ce

-! or t8e #-t#-cto! o 0e=# ot8er !ee#. 58e r8t o t8e ct@e!# to t8er 8ome# -! to

t8e t8!# !ece##-r: or t8er #/b##te!ce # -# "t-0 -# t8e r8t to 0e t#e0. 58e: 8-"e -r8t to 0"e t8 - cert-! eree o comort -# become 8/m-! be!#, -! t8e St-te

8c8 0ooB# -ter t8e e0-re o t8e peop0e=# 8-pp!e## # /!er - /t: to #-e/-r t8e

#-t#-cto! o t8# "t-0 r8t. Moreo"er, - m-! t8 - 8ome -! - me-!# o #/b##te!ce

# - 0o"er o pe-ce -! orer -! 00 proe## -ecto! or 8# co/!tr:, 8ere-# o!et8o/t - 8ome -! ! pe!/r: # !ot o!0: - #oc-0 p-r-#te b/t -0#o - -!ero/# e0eme!t !

t8e #oc-0 orer. 58e ome#te- Act -t o!ce -m# -t t8e promoto! o 8o0e#ome -!

8-pp: ct@e!#8p -! t8e p! o/t o t8e erm# o #oc-0 #co!te!t o/! e"er:8ere.

Co!#er! t8e #oc-0 -! eco!omc e!# o t8e ome#te- Act, t8e co/rt# #8o/0e

Documents

2. Kasilag vs. Rodriguez 2