2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx. lecture time: 1 hr)

Topics covered: 2.1-2.14.

This will be a quick survey and review of functional groups and their physical properties

Estradiol

alcohol

Phenol

Functional Groups

Recognizing Functional Groups

This compound reverses and prevents symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Huntingdon’s diseases in animal models (Chem Eng News, 2011)

OCH3

OCH3

SN

O

O

N

S

H

O2N

N

"JM6"

Recognizing Functional Groups

Naming Alkyl Fragments

CH3CHCH3 CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CHCH2

CH3

isopropyl sec-butyl isobutyl

CH3CCH3

CH3

tert-butyl

use of primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o) designations

Amines and Amides

Aldehydes and Ketones

Simple Organic Compounds used in Medicine or Otherwise

Dichloroacetic acid (DCA): potentially useful for cancer treatment, especially brain cancers (trials ongoing).

Chloral Hydrate: hypnotic, sedative; used for insomnia.

Valproic Acid: established drug for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression.

Amantadine: Parkinson’s disease; fatigue in MS patients; once used for influenza.

Isoamyl Nitrite: vasodilator; treatment of angina; recreational drug.

Nitroglycerin: vasodilator; treatment of angina; explosive used in Dynamite.

Barbital: first marketed barbiturate (hypnotic; sedative).

CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol: oldest recreational drug; at low doses causes euphoria.

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): treatment of narcolepsy; has now gained illicit use; similar to alcohol in effect.

H2C=CH2Ethylene:Plant hormone; controls ripening of fruits.

ClOH

ClOH

Cl

ClOH

ClO

ONO2O2NO

ONO2

HN NH

O O

O

HOOH

O

HO

O

NH2

ON O